Project Report Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandirs M.S.G.

Arts, Science and Commerce College, Malegaon Camp (Nasik)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Miss. Sk. Haneefa Siraj Ahmed. Seat no. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has completed her Long Term (Research) paper satisfactorily as a requirement of M.A. (English) Degree of the Pune University during the academic year 20072008.

Supervisor

H. O. D.

Long Term (Research) paper of the award of degree of M.A. (English) faculty of Arts of Pune University of Pune Title Teaching of Language skills. Student Name: Sk. Haneefa Siraj Ahmed. Supervisor, Prof. Mrs. U. D. Pendsy. M.S.G. College Malegaon Camp (Nasik) 2007-2008

M. A. English Project work Final Draft

Paper V English Language and Literature Teaching Topic Teaching of Language skills.
Prepared by. Sk. Haneefa Siraj Ahmed
Date:

Guided by. Mrs. U.D. Pendsy

Teaching of Language Skills.

Introduction:Language is the basic need of human beings; every individual wants to acquire language, most of the Indians use as a second and third language. When we learn it should be systematic. So through this project I would like to put my view regarding language skills. For the purpose of learning any language which is started from our childhood and the basic four skills which is very important. When we learn first language or, our mother tongue. It is our own language whatever it may be but English language we have to use it for the purpose of learning and getting education. Up to now it was theory based syllabus for secondary and higher secondary level. But now it has changed as we know that educational board has taken an important decision of introducing an oral test in English at the secondary and higher secondary level. For the purpose of their development of students skills. Language skill should be perfect and effective for improvement of the students. So they will have to learn language skills any how to give intention on that thing also. The basic assumption here is that language is the skill subject and not a content subject. Board has declared the oral exam, for secondary and higher secondary level. So that they must be ready for practical work. Through the basic skill, for example listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening with understanding and reading with comprehension and their intellectual power as well as Aesthetic interest we can enhance through speaking and imagination etc. Not only it will enhance our language skill, but also values such as liberty, equality, tolerance, respect for others and enhance our personality in humanistic values. Language education focuses on the development of language skill. It has to nature basic values as well. For most important thing is. It is for Urdu medium students who even dont know about English oral exam, because up to now, every medium of language had been taking oral exam. But now it has also made for English. After all it is a language and it has got the

International level in our country. Thats why it has declared for secondary and higher secondary level students.

*Listening Skill *
Listening skill is related to our ear, means is understanding and grasping power of the students their comprehension level as well as their concentration and interest of listening. The discussion points help the students to remember what they know about the topic and how a teacher come make them ready for listening and motivate them to words the listening. Their interest and curiosity to know about the thing. As we know that it is very first stage of language learning there are various types of listening and extensive listening and only hearing also. As we know that listening means getting half education through it. For oral exam it is totally skill base fist is listening, they will have to give some sentence, it will be repeated by the teacher twice and student will only write it in their note-book after listening, through it the listening their power of writing and correct words will be checked by the teacher through we can enhance their listening ability. Whatever the words which are spoken by the teacher. As we know there are three to four types of listening. This is as follows.

*Intensive Listening *
Intensive means thoroughly understanding and comprehension with it whole concentration. There should be our intention and concentration of listening, whether we are getting the meaning of the word, sentence and phrase. Each and every thing of the Teacher e.g. eye- contact, and boy language. Proper way of understanding how the teacher is using the word, pronunciation and intonation. Way of expression etc.

*Extensive Listening *
Extensive means large amount of or lot of listening with comprehension of the meaning of words through the speech, lesion, and lecture, whatever it may be students concentration and interest is very important. Whenever the student is learning any where first and foremost thing that the meaning should be clear and speakers model speech and good way of speaking, can attract the student towards listening with concentration. Otherwise, it will hear only. Thats why when their power of listening will perfect and good, then and then only they will use their active listening and they can be a good learner. Through active listening we can judge the speakers ability way of speaking, his usage of sentences such as irony questions and criticizing on and how much knowledge having with him. So we are not only enhancing our knowledge only, we will get many things from that speech. As well as pleasure also.

*HOW TO IMPROVE LISTENING SKILL

For the purpose of communication. Active listening is most important, listening is also ability, and this ability can be cultivated through practice in listening. It may lead to global understanding some time learner faced so many problems such as. 1. Inability to maintain attention through out. 2. Disturbances such as loud noise. 3. Commotion disturbance etc. 4. Inability to understand the pronunciation. 5. Inability to follow the speed of the speaker. 6. The word spoken is not reaching the spam of attention which leads to difficulty in understanding.

*Sub-skills of Listening*
Global understanding, getting specific in information and anticipating the content. The process of the development of listening begins with observing the language, while being spoken and also paying attention and interaction taking place.

This would help the learner in the listening competency, commitment, and performance is to be the guiding mile-stone so far as listening is concerned.

*Reading*
Reading makes a full man.
Reading means through sound we should pronounce it, the script of printed materials. Reading is a form of experience, good reading habit promote self education. It is best utilizations of our leisure hours. It is one of the greatest sources of getting knowledge through it we can enhance students intellectual power, as well as their imagination, and question also. There are various types of reading as per the situation and need. It happened for the purpose of improvement of reading students should know the rules of reading. When the students are using the skill they must be aware of these things. 1. Correct pronunciation. 2. Pause, intonation, speed. 3. With appropriate speed able to understand. 4. Vocabulary, Grammar, Sentence, Construction, and how to use. 5. Reading with comprehension. The teacher should give some idea regarding reading. How to read because the nature of reading it should be as per the script is concerned. Tone and intonation should be changed and situation of the script e.g. news paper reading, books, stories, magazines, the nature of reading is very necessary such as while Reading news paper our tone will change in information. Stories telling it will change in narrative form etc. So in this way Teacher can make them habitual and to make them love of reading and their interest through various types of stories giving them knowledge about the book and Author, for promoting, and enhancing their curiosity to read the things. Reading is an important and necessary activity in the life of every literate person, further reading assumes a special significance in learning English as a second and third.

As per the rules of oral exam is concerned. It should be check by the Teacher individual students and their intention behind the reading proper intonation, pause, stress so that the examination can evaluate their ability of reading. The purpose of reading should able to understand immediately what they have read, the knowledge of reading in the mother tongue helps the learner to learn how to read English sentences they should know how to pronounce words properly then they should recognize the meaning of words. Their reading should with some definite purpose, the ideas are gained by reading in other situation their loud reading should be methodical Eye-spam means number of words which can be recognized at a glance.

*Objectives of Reading*
Reading is a complex process; it includes physical, intellectual, and emotional as well as mental reactions. Reading with comprehension is very necessary for making and fulfillment of the purpose of reading. It should be meaningful and intelligible. Students speed of reading should be proper and accurate.

*How to Develop Reading Comprehension*

Through various things we can motivate the students towards the reading, and the most important thing is comprehension. So their grasping power and level of understanding also should enhance. Through oral comprehension, vocabulary items and structural items must be understood orally. Before they will have to give and provide them reading materials. When teacher is assessing reading, comprehension. Asking them different question through the practice teacher can evaluate their power of understanding of initial stage. And for the preparation of the oral exam. Teacher should teach them to make use of a good English Dictionary, for getting the correct meanings of words. After this initial preparation, they should provide some paragraph for reading with comprehension. Through this practice

Teacher can increase their stamina of reading and their IQ and EQ also. {Intelligent Quotient and emotional Quotient.} And while reading their facial expression, and voice, whether it is low or middle or loud, then body language should be appropriate, proper pause, and intonation, stress for making them effective reader and learner it is very necessary.

*Speaking Skill*
Speaking is active part of the language. While speaking our speech should be accurate as a good human being his personality is behind the speaking and his language, which is spoken by the person. It shows the personality of human being. It requires practice, because without practice no one cannot get the fruit of speaking. It requires for the purpose of expressing of thoughts, feeling with each other through different types of practice, students can enhance their speaking ability. After getting the basic Knowledge of speaking. The main objectives of learning language are to express or ideas, thoughts, expression opinion properly. One of the most important features of speaking is intonation, pause, pronunciation, and it should be understandable and simple one. So that every one can get the benefit from the speech. Falling, rising tone etc. whether he is questioning, exclaiming, interrogating or criticizing so it shows the speaker state of mind.

*Types of Speaking*
Narrative = descriptive Extempore = speech etc. As we know there are various types of speaking. Only the thing which differentiate the way of expression for oral exam of secondary and higher secondary level. This is declared by educational board. For every medium of learning, as per the language it has made to this year.

*Speaking Skill*
For oral exam teacher will you the name of the topic for narration, and description, but for L3 students those who belongs to

Urdu medium their problem is very crucial, for their oral exam, they will Have to give the topic like this. For example: Name of the topics:1. My self = my friend. 2. My favorite game. 3. My favorite leader. Book/ teacher/ bird. 4. Describe what you like during holiday. 5. How will celebrate your mothers birthday. 6. Why you like a particular movie?

*Listening Skill*
Listening skill will give them for dictation of the sentence. Which will be spoken by the teacher, e. g. teacher will speak, read six to seven sentences and it will be read twice for the checking of their listening power. Whether it is active or passive, e.g. performance, gesture, communication, technology etc. the words which will have given them.

*Reading Skill*
The reading of passage for question it will carry for marks. Only for reading their ability will be checked by the teacher. Whether the student is reading with confidently, or he is getting hesitation etc. then the second is his pronunciation, pause, and speed of reading and correct pronunciation and proper way of reading with body language facial expression while reading etc.

*For Speaking Skill*

Conversation skill between teacher and student here six question. They will have 6/0 give by the teacher. And the student will give the answer in English. It will carry for 5 marks.

*Types of Questions*
1. What is your name? 2. What is your ambition?

3. Why you want to become doctor? Is there any reason behind that? 4. What is your Fathers occupation? The intention of asking such types of question for evolution for their comprehension power, and their to remove their hesitation, and maybe to make them aware regarding the English language which is very easy for learning. But their thinking is that the language is very hard. Their comprehension level it will batter for the checking of their understanding, and grasping power, their way of giving an answer. Proper eye contact while speaking, their ability to give answer. What ever the question has asked by the teacher. Or whether he is fumbling or giving proper answer. So all these things will have checked by the examiner.

*Model of Oral Examination Mark Sheet*

Q No. 1 Listening Listening Words Sentences 3 Marks 3 Marks Q No. 2 Reading a loud 4 Marks Speaking 5 Marks Q No.3 Conversation Total Marks 5 Marks 20 Marks

*General Objectives of Teaching/ Learning English*

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. *To enable the student To learn to use English appropriately. To understand spoken English used in and outside the school. To speak with confidence using appropriate vocabulary, grammar, acceptable pronunciation. To comprehend written text in English. To write in simple and correct English.

6. To acquire necessary communication skills, required for daytoday social interaction.

*Conclusion*
Through these basic skills of Teaching of language Skill students can get more benefit and we also can make them ready to learn or give pay attention on learning. Not for the oral exam but also it will surely help them to use it in correct form. In reading and speaking as well as writing all rounder development of the student, we can increase their all skills through the theory of language learning it is good for not only for Urdu medium students, but for every medium. Up to now they have been giving the oral exam of other languages, but now it will helpful for the learner of secondary and higher secondary level also. Any how they will have to practice for oral as well as for written exam also.