alias exec save copy run start duplex (conf-if) speed (conf-if) ctrl shift 6 then x show sessions

resume [#session] or just enter for the most recent one disconnect [#session] show users clear line [#vty] show cdp neighbors detail sh cdp entry [] or * no cdp enable no cdp run copy to ram means merging with it copy to nvram means replacing it boot system tftp://172.100.10.10/afilename.bin

write erase ==== erase startup-config no exec-timeout ==== exec-timeout 0 0 mode ) (both running in config-line

note by default vlan interface on any switche is administravely shutdown! ip host hastA 192.168.10.10 =========================== NEW PART =========================== ======================== ========================

VTP protocol is designed to advertise existence of each VLAN based on its name and VLAN ID. Whowever VTP does not advertise the details about which switch interfaces are assigned to each VLAN. And also it is not a replacement for STP protocol which is for finding a best path in multi path interconnections. VTP is a Layer 2 messaging protocol for exchanging VLAN configuration information. In other words, when a VLAN is addes or deleted, or an existing VLAN is changed - VTP causes all the switches to syncronize their VLAN configuration to have same VLAN IDs and VLAN names. Note:Although each cisco switch sends VTP messages peridically(every 5 minutes), they send VTP messages as soon as their VLAN configuration changes.Additonally when a new trunk connection go up, a VTP message

will be send by neighboring switches. Actually, there are thre types of VTP messages, summary advertisements, subset advertisement, and advertisements request. soal: if one VLAN has ben removed from a server role switch, what will be happende to clients which they have some interfaes assigned to that VLAN, they will release those interfaces and put them in default VLAN or ... ? The full set of configuration for all VLANs being called VLAN database. VTP clients and servers store VLANs definition in a file called vlan.dat in flash memory. Note that Cisco IOS does not put this VLAn configuration in the running-config or startup-config files!But the assignment of interfaces to VLANs has been hold in running-config file. Then to renew a switch settings not only we have to issue "erase startup" but also we have to delete the vlan.dat with a command such as "delete flash:vlan.dat" Switches in transparent mode store VLAN configuration in both runningconfig file as well as the vlan.dat in flash. ( Obviously with first time copying running-config to startup-config, it will be available in startup as well. Note: Very old switches in server mode also stores VLAN database in both ways. Table 1-3 vtp Features Note: with "show run" we do not see vlans created configuration command(by default we are in server mode), but we can see interfaces assigned to vlans. To list all vlans and associated interfaces we use "show vlan brief" In formal way we have to defaine a vlan and then assign some interfaces to it as the second step of this process but if we skip first step and we try to assign some interfaces to an unintroduced vlan, switch will automatically add the required commands needed, and put a default name to that vlan. DynamicTrunkProtocol is a way to choose between IEEE802.1q and ISL in negotiation mode and by default if both available it will choose ISL. In new switches, cisco support only IEEE then less possiblity for ISL. administrative encapsulation options are: dot1q, isl, negotiate operational encalsulation statuses may be: dot1q, isl, native If it is native then there is no vlan tagging on interface.
Table 1-4

Trunking Administrative Mode Options

By default all switch interfaces belong to default VLAN (vlan001) and all are default to Dynamic auto administrative trunk mode.

Then if we connect two new switch together for sure they do transfer vlan1 frames and there will not be any trunk available till we change administrative mode on one side to dynamic desirable or trunk. show interfaces switchport command lists the administrative settings, which denote the configured values, along with the operational settings, which list what the switch is currently doing. Operational mode is a result of Administrative modes on same switch and neighboring one. ad. mode --------access trunk trunk dyn. auto dyn. auto dyn. auto dyn. deirable dyn. desirable
Table 1-5

neghb. ad. mode ---------------any access trunk/auto/deirable access auto desirable/trunk access auto/desirable/trunk

operatinal mode --------------static access access trunk access static access trunk access trunk

Expected Trunking Operational Mode

There are four reasons not passing some vlans traffic on an interface: A VLAN has been removed from the trunks allowed VLAN list. A VLAN does not exist, or is shutdown. A VLAN has been automatically pruned by VTP. A VLANs STP instance has placed the trunk interface into a state other than a Forwarding State.