GLOSAR

DE

TERMENI
UTILIZAI N

NVMNTUL TEHNIC I PROFESIONAL

DIN

ROMANIA

Acest glosar a fost iniiat n cadrul activitilor proiectului PHARE TVET RO 2002 Coeziune economic i social subcomponenta construcie instituional de ctre asistena tehnic a proiectului i a fost adaptat i actualizat de ctre CNDIPT. Glosarul urmrete s ofere un instrument util tuturor celor interesai de termenii de baz utilizai astzi n formarea profesional i n alte domenii conexe, n conformitate cu terminologia european uzual. n acest scop, au fost actualizai termeni specifici nvmntului profesional i tehnic din Romnia i au fost tradui i adaptai termeni din Glosarul CEDEFOP. Instrumentul se adreseaz tuturor celor interesai de specificul dezvoltrii nvmntului profesional i tehnic din Romnia. Termenilor specifici sistemului romnesc le-a fost oferit o echivalare n limba englez, iar termenii de circulaie european au fost adaptai n limba romn. n anex este prezentat o list de acronime uzuale.

Glosar de termeni

Glossary of terms

Romn 1 A aciona ca mentor

2 Abiliti cheie

3 Abiliti eseniale 4 Acreditare parial

Semnificaie Un proces prin care se ofer ndrumare i consultan la cererea elevului sau la decizia colii. Elevul este responsabil cu identificarea a ceea ce urmeaz a fi nvat, mentorul faciliteaz aceast nvare. A se vedea de asemenea nvare asistat. Reprezint un set transferabil i multifuncional de cunotine, abiliti i atitudini eseniale de care au nevoie toi indivizii n vederea mplinirii i dezvoltrii personale, a integrrii i gsirii unui loc de munc, care ar trebui s fie dobndite pn la finalizarea nvmntului obligatoriu i ar trebui s constituie baza pentru educaia ulterioar ca parte a nvrii pe parcursul ntregii viei. A se vedea abiliti cheie. Recunoaterea dobndirii de ctre elev a unor uniti dintr-o calificare, fr ca acesta s trebuiasc s finalizeze cu succes toate unitile i s obin calificarea.

Meaning A process of offering guidance and advice at the request of the learner or of the school. The learner is responsible for identifying what is to be learnt, the mentor facilitates this learning. See also coaching. These represent a transferable, multifunctional package of knowledge, skills and attitudes that all individuals need for personal fulfilment and development, inclusion and employment that should have been developed by the end of compulsory schooling or training, and should act as a foundation for further learning as part of lifelong learning. See key skills. The recognition of a learners achievement of some units of a qualification, without the need to successfully complete all the units and gain the qualification.

English Mentoring

Key skills

Core skills Partial accreditation

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Glosar Rom-Eng

5 Acreditarea competenelor

6 Activiti n cadrul unui proiect

7 Acumulare de credite

8 Analiz ocupaional 9 Aprobare

n sistemul de nvmnt i formare acesta este procesul prin care instituiile sau autoritile educaionale recunosc oficial competenele dobndite de indivizi n urma educaiei formale, oferindu-le certificate sau calificri. n afara sistemului de nvmnt i formare acreditat, const din a atesta c un individ a dobndit competenele necesare unei anumite ocupaii. Aceasta poate fi urmat de recunoaterea oficial prin intermediul certificrii. O lucrare substanial prin care li se cere elevilor s fac cercetri, s planifice, s rezolve probleme i s evalueze pe parcursul unei perioade de timp. Aceasta poate fi utilizat pentru nvare i predare, pentru evaluare elevilor sau ca o combinaie a celor dou. Un sistem ce permite unui elev s acumuleze creditele necesare acordrii unei calificri. Acest proces poate s se desfoare pe parcursul unei perioade lungi de timp i poate presupune nvarea formal i informal n instituii de nvmnt i la locul de munc. Identificarea unei serii de roluri ocupaionale i a cerinelor legate de competena dintr-un sector ocupaional. Permisiunea oferit unei coli de a furniza anumite calificri, n urma unei evaluri a capacitii acesteia de a furniza calificrile respective. Evaluarea se refer la resurse i management.

In education and training this is the process by which institutions or education authorities give formal recognition of the competences acquired by individuals through formal training by awarding certificates or qualifications. Outside of formal education and training it consists of attesting that an individual has acquired the competences required in a particular occupation. This may be followed by granting formal recognition through certification. A substantial piece of work in which students are required to carry out research, planning, problem solving and evaluation over a period of time. This can be used for teaching and learning, for assessment or as a combination of the two. A system that allows a learner to build up the credits required for the award of a qualification. This may take place over an extended period of time and involve formal and informal learning in educational institutions and in employment. The identification of the range of work roles and their competence requirements in an occupational field. Permission for a school to offer specific qualifications following an assessment of their ability to offer the qualifications. The assessment includes resources and management.

Accreditation of competences

Project work

Credit accumulation

Occupational analysis Approval

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Glosar Rom-Eng

1 Aranjamente 0 speciale de evaluare

Aranjamente privind testarea individual a elevilor cu dizabiliti sau cerine educaionale speciale pe termen lung, astfel nct s li se ofere anse egale de a-i demonstra competena, prin comparaie cu ali elevi. Procesul prin care se asigur satisfacerea standardelor de calitate stabilite. Un sistem ce permite ca toi elevii s-i realizeze ntreg potenialul pe perioada colaritii Acesta poate include: ndrumare naintea cursurilor, iniierea elevilor, asisten i ndrumare n timpul cursurilor i sprijinirea elevilor s-i gseasc un loc de munc sau s-i continue studiile. Procesul prin care un evaluator confirm c dovezile supuse spre examinare reprezint munca unui elev i c toate condiiile legate de evaluare au fost ntrunite. Trecerea de la o calificare la un nivel anume la una la un nivel superior sau la o alta nrudit la acelai nivel. Ar trebui s existe rute clare ce s le ofere elevilor posibilitatea de a continua pn la cel mai nalt nivel, corespunztor abilitilor lor. Exemple de metode de lucru ce au fost acceptate i sunt promovate, ca fiind bune de utilizat n special n anumite situaii.

1 Asigurarea calitii 1 1 Asistena elevilor 2

Adjustments that are made to the testing of individual students who have long-term disabilities or special educational needs so that they have an equal opportunity, compared with other students, for demonstrating their competence. The process of ensuring that established quality standards are being met. A system to ensure that all students reach their full potential throughout their time at school. This may include: pre-course guidance, student induction, help and guidance during the course and assistance in helping students enter employment or further studies. The process through which an assessor , usually a teacher, confirms that the evidence submitted is the work of a student and that all conditions related to the assessment have been met. Movement from a qualification at one level to one at a higher level or to another associated one at the same level. There should be clear routes providing opportunities for learners to continue to the highest level commensurate with their ability. Examples of working methods that have been accepted, and are being promoted, as being particularly good for use in specific situations.

Special assessment arrangements

Quality assurance Student support

1 Autentificare 3

Authentication

1 Avansare 4

Progression

1 Bun practic 5 1 6

Best practice

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Glosar Rom-Eng

1 Cadru educaional 7 1 Cadrul creditului 8 1 Calificare 9

Tiparul de ansamblu al educaiei, incluznd calificrile oferite. Acoper Registrul Naional al Calificrilor i Curriculum-ul Naional. Un sistem general de operare a creditelor, folosind reguli comune. O consemnare oficial a performanei recunoscnd finalizarea cu succes a nvmntului sau formrii sau rezultate satisfctoare la un test sau examinare. Poate nsemna de asemenea cerinele impuse unui individ pentru a accede sau avansa n cadrul unei ocupaii. O acreditare verificat la nivel central c o persoan a demonstrat o serie de abiliti stabilite dinainte i recunoscute oficial, utile pentru a fi angajat ntr-un domeniu tehnic sau practic. Furnizarea unui serviciu profesional n concordan cu standarde i specificaii definite dinainte, care satisface dorinele i nevoile clienilor i este rentabil. A avea pe ansamblu capacitatea de a-i gsi un loc iniial de munc, de a-i pstra locul de munc i de a obine un nou loc de munc, dac e necesar. Elevii cu cerine educaionale speciale au dificulti de nvare sau dizabiliti ce le ngreuneaz procesul de nvare i capacitatea de a progresa la fel de mult ca majoritatea elevilor de aceeai vrst. Aceti elevi au nevoie de o ofert educaional special ce s le permit anse egale la educaie.

The overall pattern of schooling, including the qualifications offered. It covers the Romanian Directory of Qualifications and the National Curriculum. A general system for the operation of credits, with common rules. An official record of achievement that recognises successful completion of education or training or satisfactory performance in a test or examination. It can also mean the requirements for an individual to enter or progress within an occupation. Centrally verified certification that a person has demonstrated a pre-determined and officially recognised set of skills useful for employment in a technical or practical context. The delivery of a professional service in a consistent fashion to predefined standards and specifications that meets clients wants and needs and provides value for money. Having the general capacity to gain initial employment, maintain employment and obtain new employment if required. Students with special educational needs have learning difficulties or disabilities that make it harder for them to learn and make progress than most students of the same age. These students will need special educational provision to be made for them to have equal educational opportunities.

Educational framework Credit framework Qualification

2 Calificrile 0 Profesionale Naionale Romneti 2 Calitate (n oferta 1 educaional) 2 Capacitatea de a fi 2 angajat 2 Cerine 3 educaionale speciale

Romanian National Vocational Qualifications Quality (in educational provision) Employability

Special educational needs

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Glosar Rom-Eng

2 Certificare 4 2 Competenele cheie 5 pentru nvarea pe tot parcursul vieii

Procesul de recunoatere i consemnare oficial a performanelor i competenei elevilor prin oferirea unor documente doveditoare. O combinaie specific de cunotine, deprinderi i atitudini adecvate contextului. C.c. sunt cele de care are nevoie fiecare individ pentru mplinirea i dezvoltarea personal, pentru cetenia activ, pentru incluziune social i pentru angajare pe piaa muncii. La finalul educaiei i formrii iniiale tinerii trebuie s aib dezvoltate c.c. la un nivel care s-i echipeze pentru viaa adult i s fie dezvoltate, susinute i actualizate ca parte a nvrii pe tot parcursul vieii. Capacitatea dovedit a unui individ de a combina i aplica cunotine, abiliti practice i atitudini specifice pentru a rspunde cerinelor unor situaii ocupaionale de rutin sau complexe. Capacitatea de a realiza sarcini manuale sau aciuni fizice pentru a desfura activitile de calitate cerute la locul de munc. A se vedea de asemenea competen. Un set coerent de rezultate msurabile, pe baza cruia vor fi judecate progresul i performana unui elev la sfritul unui proces de nvare. Abilitile (cunotine, nelegere i performan practic) ce sunt necesare de obicei pentru a te angaja ntr-o serie de ocupaii nrudite. Abilitile (cunotine, nelegere i performan practic) necesare pentru a avea succes la locul de munc ntr-o ocupaie specific.

The process of officially recognising and recording the achievement and competence of learners through the provision of documentary evidence. The proven capacity of an individual to combine and apply knowledge, practical skills and specific attitudes in order to meet the requirements of either routine or complex occupational situations.

Certification

Competence

2 Competen 6 practic 2 Competene 7 2 Competene tehnice 8 generale 2 Competene tehnice 9 specializate

The ability to perform manual tasks or physical actions in order to carry out work activities of the quality required in the workplace. See also competence. A coherent set of measurable results against which a students progress and achievement will be judged at the end of a learning process. The abilities (knowledge, understanding and practical performance) that are commonly needed for success in employment in a range of related occupations. The abilities (knowledge, understanding and practical performance) that are needed for success in employment in a specific occupation.

Practical competence Learning outcomes

General technical competences Specialist technical competences

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Glosar Rom-Eng

3 Condiii de 0 aplicabilitate 3 Continuarea 1 nvmntului i formrii profesionale 3 Credibilitate 2 3 Credit 3

Precizri ale contextului sau circumstanelor n care elevul trebuie s fie capabil s demonstreze realizarea criteriilor de performan. Procesul prin care o persoan poate s-i dezvolte abilitile de munc pe parcursul ntregii viei i nu numai n timpul colii i imediat dup absolvirea acesteia. Msura n care cei care utilizeaz calificrile au ncredere c acestea satisfac standardele necesare. Aceasta reprezint o msur a rezultatelor nvrii pe care n mod rezonabil un elev le poate obine n medie n cadrul a 60 de ore de nvare. Dobndirea unei serii de credite, drept urmare a satisfacerii cerinelor de evaluare, duce la acordarea unei calificri. Descrieri calitative a ceea ce trebuie s poat face elevul, ce permit emiterea unei judeci obiective privind dobndirea sau nu a unei competene de ctre elev. Un document ce descrie modulele ce vor fi predate pentru o calificare, incluznd modul de furnizare a acestora. Un modul pentru furnizarea standardelor de pregtire profesional la nivel naional, ntr-un mod relevant zonei n care se afl coala, elaborat n cadrul unui parteneriat ntre coal i prile interesate din zon. Obiceiurile i valorile dobndite de elevi n coal ce nu sunt specificate n curriculum-ul oficial scris.

3 Criterii de 4 performan 3 Curriculum 5 3 Curriculum elaborat 6 la nivel local

Specifications of the contexts or circumstances in which the student must be able to demonstrate their achievement of the performance criteria. The process through which a person can extend their work-related skills throughout their life, not just at school and immediately postschool. The extent to which the users of qualifications are confident that they meet required standards. This represents a measure of the learning outcomes that, on average, a student might reasonably be expected to achieve in a notional 60 hours of learning. Achievement of a set of credits, following the satisfaction of assessment requirements, results in the award of a qualification. Qualitative descriptions of what the learner must be able to do that allow an objective judgement to be made about whether or not a student has achieved a learning outcome. A document describing the modules that will be taught for a qualification, including their delivery. A module for the delivery of national training standards in a way that is relevant to the area of a school, developed in partnership between the school and interested parties in the area. The habits and values that students gain in schools that are not specified in the official written curriculum.

Range statement

Continuing vocational education and training Credibility Credit

Performance criteria

Curriculum Locally developed curriculum

3 Curriculum implicit 7

Hidden curriculum

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Glosar Rom-Eng

3 Curriculum inclusiv 8 3 Curriculum modular 9

4 Diseminare 0 4 Dizabilitate 1 4 Domeniu 2 ocupaional 4 Dovezi 3 4 Educaie pentru 4 aduli 4 e-learning 5 4 Elementele 6 competenei

Un curriculum ce permite tuturor elevilor, indiferent de nevoile i nivelul lor de abilitate, s-i dezvolte cunotinele, abilitile i atitudinile, realizndu-i pe deplin potenialul. Un sistem de furnizare a nvrii pentru o calificare, n care materialul este divizat n poriuni sau module separate. Faciliteaz actualizarea eficace a calificrilor, permind ca o calificare s fie revizuit numai parial i nu n ntregime. Procesul de mprtire a informaiilor, precum cea mai bun practic sau rezultatele unui proiect, de ctre prile interesate; acesta este preios pentru mbuntirea calitii. A avea orice problem fizic sau mental ce are un efect negativ substanial i de durat asupra abilitii unei persoane de a desfura activiti zilnice obinuite sau a nva. ntregul set de roluri ocupaionale ce necesit o combinaie similar de abiliti sau competene, dac este s fie exercitate eficace. Tot ceea ce face ori presteaz un elev pentru a-i demonstra competena, urmnd nite standarde. Ofert pentru cei de peste aisprezece ani care i-au renceput studiile dup o pauz n educaia lor iniial. Furnizarea i sprijinirea unor programe educaionale cu ajutorul unor noi tehnologii multimedia i al internetului pentru a mbunti accesul la i calitatea nvrii. A se vedea competene.

A curriculum that enables all students, whatever their needs and level of ability to develop their knowledge, skills and attitudes together to their full potential. A system for delivering the learning for a qualification in which the material is divided into discrete portions or modules. It facilitates the cost-effective updating of qualifications through allowing for the revision of just a part of the qualification not the whole. The process of sharing information, such as best practice or the results of a project, amongst interested parties; this is valuable in improving quality. Having any physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on a persons ability to perform normal day-today activities or to learn. The entire set of work roles that require a similar combination of skills or competences if they are to be undertaken effectively Anything a student does or provides in order to demonstrate their competence against the standards. Provision for those who are aged 16+ and who are studying after a break from their initial schooling. The delivery and support of educational programmes with the aid of new multimedia technologies and the Internet to improve access and the quality of learning. See learning outcomes.

Inclusive curriculum

Modular curriculum

Dissemination

Disability

Occupational field

Evidence Adult education e-learning

Elements of competence

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Glosar Rom-Eng

4 Evaluare 7

n cadrul nvmntului i formrii profesionale, aceasta se refer la msurarea eficacitii procesului de predare i nvare. A se vedea de asemenea evaluare. Msurarea abilitii unei persoane n sistemul educaional pe baza unei serii de standarde de performan clar definite. A se vedea nvarea bazat pe competene. Procesul prin care abilitatea unui elev este msurat pe tot parcursul formrii mai degrab dect numai n timpul anumitor sesiuni de examene. Funcia de verificare a ceea ce are loc pe parcursul formrii pentru a se vedea dac nvarea se realizeaz, ca un ghid pentru eficiena procesului de predare i nvare, oferind informaii pentru planificare sau din motive de diagnosticare. Funcia de msurare a performanei elevilor n urma unor perioade de studiu, n special n scop de acreditare. Procesul de msurare a gamei de abiliti (mentale, practice i atitudinale) ale elevului pe baza unor criterii pre-stabilite acesta se poate realiza printr-o varietate de mijloace (instrumente de evaluare). A se vedea de asemenea evaluare, evaluare formativ, evaluare sumativ.

4 Evaluare bazat pe 8 competene 4 Evaluare continu 9 5 Evaluare formativ 0

In vocational education and training this is applied to the measurement of the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. See also assessment. In the educational system, the measurement of a persons ability against a set of clearly defined standards of performance. See competence-based learning. The process through which a students ability is measured throughout their training rather than at specific examination times. The function of checking what is taking place during training to see if learning is occurring, as a guide to the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process, to inform planning or for diagnostic purposes. The function of measuring attainment by students following periods of study, particularly for certification purposes. The process of measuring the range of a students (mental, practical and attitudinal) abilities against pre-determined criteria this may be achieved through a variety of means (assessment instruments). See also evaluation, formative assessment, summative assessment.

Evaluation

Competence-based assessment Continuous assessment Formative assessment

5 Evaluare sumativ 1 5 Evaluarea elevilor 2

Summative assessment Assessment

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Glosar Rom-Eng

5 Evaluarea 3 procesului

5 Evaluarea 4 produsului

5 Evaluator 5 5 Fidelitatea evalurii 6

5 Flexibilitate 7

Msurarea competenei unui elev pe baza a ceea ce face mai degrab dect pe baza rezultatelor muncii lui. Aceasta se poate dovedi n mod special important n conexiune cu o competen ce trebuie s fie aplicat ntro varietate de contexte. Include adesea observarea i a-i cere elevului s explice ce a fcut i de ce a fcut-o. A se vedea de asemenea evaluarea produsului. Metoda de msurare a competenei unui elev pe baza rezultatelor muncii lui, a ceea ce a creat i nu a ceea ce a fcut pentru a realiza aceasta. A se vedea de asemenea evaluarea procesului. Un profesor, maistru, agent economic sau o persoan certificat de CNFPA desemnat s colecteze i judece dovezile competenei elevului i s confirme realizrile acestuia. Principiul privind msura n care elevii cu abiliti identice obin acelai rezultat n urma evalurii sau msura n care un elev obine rezultate identice n urma evalurii n diferite ocazii Capacitatea sistemului de predare i nvare i a evalurii de a rspunde schimbrilor intervenite n cerinele impuse muncitorilor n sectoarele de angajare existente i de a satisface nevoile unor noi sectoare de angajare. De asemenea capacitatea de a satisface diferitele nevoi i stiluri de nvare ale elevilor.

Measuring a students competence through what they do rather than the results of their work. This may be particularly important in relation to a competence that has to be applied in a variety of contexts. It often includes observation and asking a student to explain what they did and why they did it. See also product assessment. The method of measuring a students competence through the outcomes of their work; what they have created and not what they did in order to achieve this. See also process assessment. A teacher, foreman, economic agent or a person certified by NATB designated to gather and judge evidence of students competence and confirm their achievement. The principle of the extent to which students with the same ability are given the same assessment result, or the degree to which a student receives the same results when assessed on different occasions The ability of the system of teaching and learning, and assessment to respond to changes in the requirements of workers in existing areas of employment and to meet the needs of new areas of employment. Also the ability to respond to the different needs and learning styles of students.

Process assessment

Product assessment

Assessor

Reliability of assessment

Flexibility

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5 Ghid pentru 8 evaluare 5 Incluziune 9

A se vedea probe de evaluare. Incluziunea se concentreaz asupra adaptrii mediului de nvare astfel nct s devin accesibil unei game ct de largi posibil de nevoi ale elevilor. Aceasta le d posibilitatea multor elevi cu cerine educaionale speciale i celor provenind din grupuri dezavantajate i vulnerabile s aib acces deplin la curriculum i la aranjamentele legate de evaluare. A se vedea de asemenea integrare. Procesul de pregtire a elevului pentru a studia ntr-o nou instituie de nvmnt. Acesta poate include prezentarea lui celorlali elevi; profesorilor i personalului administrativ; a facilitilor; a serviciilor de asisten a elevilor i a predrii, nvrii i evalurii elevilor. Dei programul de iniiere este n general realizat de profesorul clasei, poate implica orice membru al personalului colii i chiar i ageni economici. Un mijloc de a sprijini oamenii s se dezvolte, individual sau n grupuri restrnse, pentru a-i ajuta s munceasc mai eficient i s-i realizeze potenialul. Instructorul i asum un rol de conducere n a stabili ce anume trebuie s nvee acetia, i n a elabora un program pentru realizarea acestui scop. A se vedea de asemenea a aciona ca mentor. Orice instrumente folosite pentru a determina progresul/performana unui elev poate include teste, examene, proiecte, etc.

See evidence requirements. Inclusion concentrates on adapting the learning environment so that it is accessible to as wide a range of students needs as possible. This enables many students with special educational needs and those from disadvantaged and vulnerable groups to have full access to the curriculum and assessment arrangements. See also integration. The process of preparing a learner for study in a new educational institution. This may include an introduction to other students; the staff and administrators; the facilities; student support and to the teaching, learning and assessment. Although the induction programme is generally led by the class teacher, it can involve any of the staff of the school and even economic agents. A means of developing people, individually or in small groups, in order to help them perform more effectively and reach their potential. The coach takes the leading role in establishing what should be learnt and in developing a programme to achieve this. See also mentoring. Any tools used to establish a students progress/achievement this includes tests, exams, projects etc.

Assessment guide Inclusion

6 Iniierea elevilor 0

Student induction

6 Instruire 1

Coaching

6 Instrument de 2 evaluare

Assessment instrument

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6 Integrare 3

6 nvmnt la 4 distan

6 nvmnt i 5 formare profesional iniial 6 nvare activ 6

6 nvare bazat pe 7 competene 6 nvare centrat pe 8 elev 6 nvare deschis 9

n ceea ce-i privete pe elevii cu cerine educaionale speciale, aceasta se refer la a le oferi posibilitatea de a studia curriculum-ul obinuit i a-i expune aspectelor sociale ale vieii din colile obinuite. Exist pericolul ca accentul s cad pe adaptarea individului la mediul de nvare mai degrab dect a-l adapta pe cel din urm A se vedea de asemenea incluziunea. O modalitate de a studia prin care elevul studiaz n cea mai mare parte a timpului n alte locuri dect la coal sau la un centru de formare, primind i transmind ceea ce lucreaz prin pot sau internet. Pregtirea tinerilor din nvmntul preuniversitar n ceea ce privete competenele, abilitile i atitudinile de care au nevoie la primul lor loc de munc. O abordare educaional potrivit creia elevii lucreaz n grupuri sau individual pentru a explora probleme i a dobndi cunotine, mai degrab dect s primeasc cunotinele n mod pasiv de la un profesor. Un sistem n care instruirea i nvarea urmresc atingerea unei serii de standarde de performan clar definite. A se vedea evaluarea bazat pe competene. nvarea centrat pe elev este o abordare ce ofer elevilor mai mult autonomie, control i responsabilitate n privina alegerii subiectului, metodelor de nvare i ritmului de studiu. Un sistem ce permite elevilor s studieze cnd vor i, n anumite limite, urmnd propriul ritm.

In relation to students with special educational needs this refers to providing them with opportunities to experience the mainstream curriculum and the social aspects of mainstream school life. There is a danger that the focus may be on adapting the individual to the learning environment rather than making adaptations to the latter. See also inclusion. A way of studying where the student studies mostly at places away from a school or training centre, receiving and sending off work by post or the internet.

Integration

Distance learning

Preparing young people in pre-university Initial vocational education with the competences, skills and education and attitudes they require for their first employment. training An educational approach in which students work in groups or individually to explore problems and acquire knowledge rather than passively receiving knowledge from a teacher. A system in which instruction and learning are directed towards the attainment of a set of clearly defined standards of performance. See competence-based assessment. Student-centred learning is an approach that gives students greater autonomy, control and responsibility over the choice of subject matter, learning methods and pace of study. A system for allowing students to study in their own time and, within limits, at their own pace. Active learning

Competence-based learning Student centred learning Open learning

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7 Invare inclusiv 0 7 nvare 1 independent

7 nvare interactiv 2 7 nvare pe 3 parcursul ntregii viei 7 Material auxiliar 4 7 Materiale didactice 5 pentru invare individual 7 Modul 6 7 Nivel 7

Abordri ce faciliteaz furnizarea unui curriculum inclusiv prin adaptarea modalitilor de predare la nevoile indivizilor. O abordare privind furnizarea unei pri sau a ntregului curriculum prin care elevul studiaz fr implicarea direct a unui profesor. A se vedea de asemenea materiale didactice independente. O abordare menit s implice elevul n schimbul de informaii, ca baz a dobndirii de cunotine, abiliti i competene. Principiul c o persoan ar trebui s aib ansa i s fie ncurajat s continue s-i dezvolte cunotinele, abilitile i competena pe tot parcursul vieii. Materiale didactice elaborate pentru a sprijini predarea unor pri ale anumitor calificri. Resurse ce permit unui elev s studieze separat de ali elevi. A se vedea nvare independent. O unitate descriind furnizarea unei pri a standardelor de pregtire profesional naionale. O msur a gradului de complexitate, de autonomie a elevului i de nsuire a calificrii n ansamblu i a unitilor individuale pe care le conine; n sistemul romnesc la momentul de fa, nivelul 1 este echivalent cu ultimii doi ani de nvmnt obligatoriu. UE a elaborat o serie de niveluri pentru a facilita recunoaterea compatibilitii dintre sistemele de nvmnt naionale att din UE ct i din alte ri.

Approaches that facilitate the delivery of an inclusive curriculum by adapting teaching approaches to the needs of individuals. An approach to delivering part, or all, of the curriculum in which the student studies without the direct involvement of a teacher See also independent learning materials. An approach that is designed to involve the student in the exchange of information as a basis for the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competences. The principle that a person should have the opportunity, and be encouraged, to continue to develop their knowledge, skills and competence throughout their lifetime. Teaching materials developed to support the delivery of parts of specific qualifications. Resources that enable a student to undertake their studies separately from other students. See independent learning. A unit describing the delivery of part of the national training standards. A measure of the degree of complexity, learner autonomy and required range of achievement of the qualification as a whole and the individual units it contains; in the Romanian system at present, Level 1 is equivalent to the last two years of compulsory education. The EU has developed a set of levels to aid the recognition of comparability between national educational systems, both within the EU and with other countries.

Inclusive learning Independent learning

Interactive learning

Lifelong learning

Auxiliary Individual learning materials Module Level

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7 Ofert educaional 8 special 7 PAS (Plan de 9 Aciune al colii)

Orice ofert n plus sau diferit de facilitile, predarea i sprijinul ce sunt oferite n general elevilor de aceeai vrst n colile obinuite. O strategie i un plan funcional permindu-i unei coli s joace un rol n satisfacerea nevoilor nvmntului i formrii tehnice i profesionale n zona de recrutare a elevilor i n judeul respectiv. A se vedea de asemenea PLAI, PRAI. O strategie, bazat pe analiza locurilor de munc i tendinelor adiacente actuale i a ofertei de formare, pentru a se asigura c nvmntul i formarea tehnic i profesional rspund nevoilor judeene i sunt de calitate. A se vedea de asemenea PRAI, PAS. O colecie sistematic de dovezi alctuit de elev urmrind nite competene anume, ca o modalitate de a-i demonstra progresul sau performana. Este alctuit n urma negocierii cu profesorul i este monitorizat cu atenie. Calitatea unei metode de nvare sau a unui instrument de evaluare de a putea fi aplicat folosind resursele, facilitile i timpul disponibil. O strategie, bazat pe analiza locurilor de munc i tendinelor adiacente actuale i a ofertei nvmntului i formrii tehnice i profesionale, pentru a se asigura c nvmntul i formarea tehnic i profesional rspunde nevoilor dintr-o zon geografic, conform divizrii n zone de dezvoltare ntreprinse de UE. A se vedea de asemenea PLAI, PAS

Anything additional to, or different from, the facilities, teaching and support that is made generally for students of the same age in mainstream schools. A strategy and operational scheme that enables a school to play its part in meeting the technical and vocational education and training needs of its catchment area and its county. See also LEAP, REAP. A strategy, based on an analysis of current employment and employment trends and of the supply of training, for ensuring that technical and vocational education and training responds to the needs in a county and is of a good standard. See also REAP, SAP. A systematic collection of evidence by the student against specific learning outcomes as a means of proving their progress or achievement. It is developed by negotiation with the teacher and is carefully monitored. The quality of a learning method or an assessment tool being able to be applied within the existing resources, facilities and time. A strategy, based on an analysis of current employment and employment trends and the supply of technical and vocational education and training, for ensuring that technical and vocational education and training meets the needs in a geographical area based on the EU development zones. See also LEAP, SAP.

Special educational provision SAP (School Action Plan)

8 PLAI (Planul Local 0 de Aciune pentru nvmnt)

LEAP (Local Education Action Plan)

8 Portofoliu de 1 evaluare

Assessment portfolio

8 Practicabilitate 2 8 PRA (Plan 3 Regional de Aciune pentru nvmnt)

Practicability

REAP (Regional Education Action Plan)

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8 Probe de evaluare 4

8 Realizare 5 8 Rentabilitate 6 8 Responsabilitate 7 8 anse egale 8

Un enun n standardele romneti referitor la tipurile de performan cerute unui elev, care s dovedeasc c acesta a dobndit o competen i este competent n acea unitate n ansamblul ei. Nivelul pe care a reuit s-l ating un elev. n contextul evalurii, a primi informaii care s merite efortul prin comparaie cu cheltuielile suportate. A fi responsabil de ceva, de ex., de furnizarea educaiei, i a trebui s fii capabil s raportezi n mod satisfctor ceea ce s-a realizat. Evitarea oricrei forme de discriminare ce favorizeaz educaia i formarea unui anume grup de persoane, incluznd factori legai de sex, vrst, dizabilitate, cerine educaionale speciale, poziie social, religie, origine etnic, orientare sexual i locaie geografic. O lucrare pe care trebuie s o realizeze elevul sau un grup de elevi, fcnd parte din procesul de evaluare a acestora. Instruciunile i sfaturile date evaluatorilor i elevilor i o descriere a criteriilor unei performane satisfctoare la diferite niveluri. Specificri ale competenelor i nivelului calitativ de performan asociat acestora, incluse n nvmntul profesional pentru a pregti elevii n vederea performanei eficace n anumite ocupaii. A se vedea de asemenea standarde ocupaionale.

A statement in the Romanian standards of the types of performance required of a student to prove that they have achieved a learning outcome and are competent in a unit as a whole. The level that a student has succeeded in reaching. In assessment, receiving good value in terms of the information outcomes obtained compared with the expenditure incurred. Being responsible for something, e.g. the delivery of education, and having to be able to give a satisfactory report of what has been done. The avoidance of any form of discrimination that favours the education and training of a particular group of people, including factors based on gender, age, disability, special educational needs, social status, religion, ethnic background, sexual orientation and geographic location. A piece of work given to a student or a group of students to work on as part of their assessment. The instructions and advice given to assessors and students and a description of the criteria for satisfactory performance at different levels. Specifications of the competences, and their associated qualitative level of performance, included in vocational education in order to prepare learners for effective performance in specific occupations. See also occupational standards.

Evidence requirements

Attainment Cost-effectiveness Accountability

Equal opportunities

8 Sarcin de lucru 9 9 Schema de 0 evaluare 9 Standarde de 1 pregtire profesional

Assignment Assessment scheme Training standards

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9 Standarde 2 educaionale (de competen) 9 Standarde 3 ocupaionale

O descriere a competenelor pe care va trebui s le demonstreze un elev pentru a i se acorda o calificare. Specificri ale competenelor i nivelului calitativ de performan asociat lor, necesare pentru o performan eficace ntr-o ocupaie anume. A se vedea de asemenea standarde de pregtire profesional. Procesul prin care se asigur c toate evalurile ce acoper o competen l solicit pe elev la fel de mult. Aceasta face parte din asigurarea calitii interne la nivel de coal. Calificrile sau competenele corespund celor ale muncitorilor care desfoar activiti similare n alte contexte, de ex., n alte ri, i sunt recunoscute oficial n aceste alte contexte. Calitatea sistemului de a fi deschis astfel nct orice persoan implicat s fie complet contient de toate aspectele furnizrii i s poat nelege funcionarea sa. Un set coerent i explicit de competene din cadrul calificrilor romneti. Descrierile unor grupuri de competene generale pe care un elev trebuie s fie capabil s le demonstreze ca parte a cerinelor necesare pentru dobndirea unei calificri. Descrieri de grupuri de competene tehnice specializate pe care un elev trebuie s fie capabil s le demonstreze ca parte a cerinelor pentru obinerea unei calificri.

A description of the competences a student will have to demonstrate in order to be awarded a qualification. See also occupational standards. Specifications of the competences, and the qualitative level of performance associated with them, required for effective performance in a specific area of employment. See also training standards. The process of ensuring that all assessments covering a learning outcome make the same level of demands on students. This is part of a schools internal quality assurance. That the qualifications or competences are appropriate to workers carrying out similar tasks in other contexts, e.g. other countries, and that they are formally recognised in these other contexts. The quality of the system being open so that everybody concerned is fully aware of all aspects of delivery and can understand its operation. Within the Romanian qualifications framework a coherent and explicit set of learning outcomes. Descriptions of groups of general competences that a student must be able to demonstrate as part of the requirements for gaining a qualification. Descriptions of groups of specialist technical competences that a student must be able to demonstrate as part of the requirements for gaining a qualification.

Educational Standards (of competence) Occupational standards

9 Standardizare 4 9 Transferabilitate 5

Standardisation

Transferability

9 Transparen 6 9 Unitate de 7 competen 9 Uniti tehnice 8 generale 9 Uniti tehnice 9 specializate

Transparency

Unit General technical units Specialist technical units

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1 Validare 0 0 1 Validitate 0 1 1 Valoarea creditului 0 2 1 Verificare 0 3 1 Verificare intern 0 4 1 Verificator extern 0 5 1 Verificator intern 0 6

Procesul prin care se verific dac standardele preliminare satisfac criteriile unei calificri, incluznd calitatea proiectului i satisfacerea nevoilor tuturor factorilor interesai. Acest termen este utilizat n special pentru a descrie msura n care rezultatele evalurii elevilor corespund aspectului pe care ar trebui s-l msoare. Numrul de credite alocate unei uniti unitile vor avea de obicei o valoare a creditului de 1. Procesul prin care se confirm c ceva este corect; n contextul educaional, aceasta se aplic n special la evaluarea elevilor. Aranjamentele fcute ntr-o coal sau centru de formare pentru a confirma c rezultatele obinute n urma evalurii din coal sunt standardizate. Cineva din afara unei coli care este adus n coal pentru a confirma c standardele aplicate la evaluarea elevilor satisfac cerinele la nivel naional, i c toate calificrile acordate elevilor sunt justificate. Orice persoan dintr-o coal responsabil s asigure c toate evalurile interne sunt valide, demne de ncredere, aplicabile i rentabile.

The process of checking that the draft standards satisfy the criteria for a qualification, including quality of design and meeting the needs of all stakeholders.. This is mainly used to describe the extent to which assessment results correlate with what they are supposed to be measuring. The number of credits ascribed to a unit units will normally have a credit value of 1. The process of confirming that something is true; in an educational context this applies particularly to the assessment of students. Arrangements within a school or training centre to confirm that the results obtained by assessments carried out within a school are standardised Someone from outside a school who is brought into confirm that the standards applied in the assessment of students meet the national requirements and that the qualifications awarded to students are justified. Any person within a school given responsibility for ensuring that all internal assessments are valid, reliable, practicable and cost-effective.

Validation

Validity

Credit value

Verification

Internal verification

External verifier

Internal verifier

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ACRONIME ACPART- Agenia Naional pentru Calificrile din nvmntul Superior i Parteneriatul cu Mediul Economic i Social

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