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Introduction
0.1. What is new?
What is new in Version 10,000? The Edition 2010 of GL classification rules, Chapter I-1-1, has been incorporated. The Rules for Offshore Service Vessels, Chapter I-6-1 has been incorporated ^ New definition of slots for stiffener. See also Slots for Stiffener on page 43 Calculation of Connections between transverse support member and intersecting longitudinal Section 9 B.4, see also The Tools menu: on page 4, command Rules Check GLFRAME, Load Factors: All used Global Load Cases (GLC) are shown now in one scrollable table at the same time. By this it is possible to copy and paste all values of the table at once. GLFRAME, Stresses in Plane Elements and Stresses in Shell Elements (Membrane and Bending): New Column v. Mises C with Equivalent stress at the centre of the element and new command "Display Max v. Mises (GL) " see also Stresses in Plane Elements on page 191 GLFRAME Array boundaries for max allowed number of FE elements can be edited. See also Dialog Box: Options on page 13 New Attribute IM (ignore member) for plates. See also Plate Arrangements on page 61 New option White Faces. See also Tab Form: Fine Mesh Zones on page 18 New report function for Still water on page 105 The description of Stiffener Arrangement on page 78 on transverse members has been improved. The position of the stiffener can be given by other stiffeners or cutouts. The new GL3DViewer has been improved further and is now the default viewer. The old viewer is still available but will be removed soon. New Report Command for cross-sections of GLFRAME. See also Report on page 178. Advanced import method for POSEIDON sub-system. It is now possible to import an existing POSEIDON model in a new/empty file and to limit the import by a frame range. Fine meshing general improvements. Separate element groups for each fine mesh zone and structural member. New command "show lambdas" in Grid GLFRAME Stresses in Shell Elements (Membrane) on page 192. A short summary of all usage factors at the end of an ultimate strength check is printed now.
To display the written rules, the installation path of GL Rules and Programs has to be given. See also Dialog Box: Options on page 13
Page setup:
Use this command to preview the printed pages. Use this command to select a printer and to customize the options of the printer. Use this command to print the active view. Use this command to create a bug report. First, a dialog-box, containing the actual status and a note field, will be displayed. In the note-field, the description of the problem has to be entered. Once the OK button is selected, the user leaves the box and the report will be saved. In addition to the data of the dialog-box, the current POSEIDON- data will also be saved in a new file. The files will be stored either in the temporary directory (filenames : "bug<number>.txt", ."-.pox") or in a bugreport directory under the "ship register path" if specified at the Options command below. Both files can now be sent by e-mail or by diskette to Germanischer Lloyd (poseidon@gl-group.com )
Choose between the following different methods of rules check: 1. Compare required scantlings with as built:
The as built scantlings (t, respectively Profile dimensions) are to be compared with the scantlings calculated by the program. This option is only available if at least for the SHELL scantlings are given. 2. Determine scantlings: Starting with minimal scantlings the process of "calculate cross section values, size members according to Germanischer Lloyd Rules" is performed as long as (max. 10 iterations) the scantlings are changed on the basis of the cross-section results (bending moments, shear stress distribution). The last iteration is done with a protocol in the Info-File. If the required section modulus is not reached at the end of the iteration, the program increases the scantlings for all members in the upper flange, respectively in the lower flange until the required section modulus is fulfilled. 3. Capacity check: This option can be used in combination with method 1 or 2. The ultimate bending capacity of the hull cross-section will be calculated and the usage factors:
* M WV MSW + WV cS MU R
QSW +
1 and
WV * QWV
cS QU 1
US =
US =
are displayed in the info file. For further information see also Germanischer Lloyd Rules I-1-5, Section 8. The results are shown in 5.7 Ultimate Strength. Note: Due to the extended calculation time, this option should be used for the final run only. 4.: Connection long/ transverse members For the calculation of the connections it is necessary to assign slots to longitudinal stiffener. Usage of the connection calculations makes only sense at a frame with web definitions and longitudinal stiffener with end connections and slots. The calculated usage factors can be shown in the preview of Longitudinal Stiffeners on page 119 (use the corresponding plot properties) In addition, the user can mark the following entries: - Recalculate tank dimensions Mark this entry to recalculate the tank dimensions otherwise the tank data are used as given in the tank description. The recalculation can be necessary in the case where several transverse sections are to be sized and the tank geometry at the individual transverse sections varies. - Calculate Natural Frequencies Mark this entry to calculate the natural frequencies. The results can be viewed in section Natural Frequencies. - Use FE Stresses from load case (under preparation!) Mark this entry to consider also the FE stresses during the rules check. The results can be viewed in section Longitudinal Plates where the table is extended to show also the stresses from the FE calculation. In addition select either a load case from which the stresses should be obtained or select the keyword "maxcase". For "maxcase" the program searches over all load cases and determine for each member the load case, which results in the worst condition. Note: A FE model and the results from a static FE calculation must be loaded before using this command.
POSEIDON needs the unsupported span in longitudinal direction (dx). For this, POSEIDON tries to determine this value by finding the supporting transverse members. If this search is not successful, a Dialog Box appears in which this value is to be entered. During the sizing process, POSEIDON checks the used material in the upper and lower flange. The use of different materials in the flanges will produce a warning in the Info-file. Use the "Set Material" command to set the material for all plates/profiles inside and outside of flanges. The results of the sizing may be viewed in the displays of the section Rule Scantlings. The stiffener dimensions, which are described in the Profile table, are applied for sizing. Note: Show The allowed design bending stresses and shear stresses in the section Rule Scantlings, Permissible Moments are to be checked after using the Rules Check command. This command opens a dialog box. Select the actual cross-section and the type of plot. Depending of the type there are additional options available. Finally, start the plot with the show command. If the current frame has already been sized, then the labeling of the plate and stiffener dimensions under Show is presented in colour, comparable to that under Scantlings. For this, the following classification applies: ## violet, -red -,+ green ++ blue In Show with plate thickness as well as in presentation of the profile, various materials are identified by stars. For this, the following classification applies: no star Material 1 * Material 2, ** Material 3. # Material 4 or higher This command creates a 3D-view out of the cross-sections descriptions of all functional elements. See also GL3DViewer Properties on page 17 This command creates a 3D-view for the FE-Model. See also GL3DViewer Properties on page 17 This command displays the main catalogue of GL's CD-ROM GL Rules and Programs. The installation directory must be set as described in the option dialog. See also Dialog Box: Options on page 13
Note:
FE-model: Static Analysis FE-model: Dynamic Analysis FE-model: Nonlinear Analysis This command starts the FE-solver of GLFRAME. Select the static, dynamic or nonlinear analysis from the list box of this button. For the static analysis the following options are available and can be selected in a dialog-box. Check Model unmark this option to skip the internal model check routine. Build Matrix unmark this option if you just want to check the model Autocorrection of translational singularites: If checked, translational singularities (missing or insufficient translational stiffness) are detected and corrected. Correction is achieved by coupling to non-singular neighbour nodes. The nondimensional parameter "stiffness
tolerance" controls the detection of insufficient stiffness, where "ordinary" stiffness is in the order of 1. (default: 0.01). End releases of beams are not considered, i.e. beam nodes are always regarded as not singular. Condition Check unmark this option if you want to skip the calculation of the condition check Print Diagonal Values mark this option if you want to print the stiffness values of the matrix-diagonal. A filter for min and max values can be set additionally. Solve matrix unmark this option if you just want to see the loads summary. Pivoting mark this option if you want to use pivoting during the solution. The result might be more accurate, especially for matrixes, which are bad conditioned. Also it is sometimes possible to get results for a matrix with singularities, but normally singularities should be removed from the system. Therefore we suggest solving the system without pivoting first. For the dynamic analysis see also Eigenfrequencies For the nonlinear analysis see also Dialog Box: Fe-Model: Nonlinear Analysis
Zoom 100 % clip by frameno hide goup <groupname> hide element Copy Properties
Scales the graphic so that it fits best inside the window Clip the model via frametable (select with the mouse the first frame and then the second frame). Only possible if a frametable exists. If an element is selected (fe- or geometry- element) this command can hide the corresponding group. Only hide the last selected element. The next replot will make the element visible again. Copy the actual window to the clipboard Opens a dialog-box for the selection of functional elements, which shall be displayed or not. For a 3D Plot of FE-model the selection of elementgroups, loadcases etc. is possible. See also Dialog Box: FeModel: Nonlinear Analysis on page 15 If you select an element (or a node) by clicking on it, the program will display some information about the element in the status bar. By activating this option the information will be displayed just by moving over the model. If you select an element (or a node) by clicking on it, use this button to jump directly to the definition in GLFRAME. In some grids the other way round is also possible, e.g. make a right click in the node grid and you will get an entry highlight node(s). If you select the entry the node is highlighted in the GL3DViewer window. Print the window
show tooltips
jump to node/element
Activates the mouse navigation mode Activates the mouse zoom mode Opens a dialog-box for the selection of the functional elements, that shall be displayed or not. For a 3D-plot of FE-model the selection of elementgroups, loadcases etc. is possible. See also GL3DViewer Properties on page 17. Context menu (via click with right mouse button)
Zoom 100% Hide group Show only group Make group transparent Hide element Focus element
Scales the graphic so that it fits best inside the window. Hides the groups of the selected elements (FE- or geometry- elements). Hides all groups except the groups containing the selected elements (FEor geometry- elements). Shows the group transparently for highlighting. Only available for 3D-plot of geometry. Hides the selected elements. Hidden elements can be shown using the property dialog-box. See also GL3DViewer Properties on page 17. Moves the 3D model in order that the object lying under the mouse cursor will become the new centre of rotation. This may be helpful to take a look at a special region of interest. Opens the table containing the last selected element. Only available for 3D-plot of FE-models. Opens a dialog-box for the selection of functional elements, which shall be displayed or not. For a 3D-plot of FE-model the selection of elementgroups, loadcases etc. is possible. See also GL3DViewer Properties on page 17. Set a clipping box by selecting two frame numbers successively using a helper plane. Both frames must be clicked by the left mouse button. Pressing <Esc> cancels the selection. Copy the actual window to the clipboard. Copy the actual window rotated by 90 to the clipboard. Print the window. Print the window into an image file.
Clip by Frame No
Mouse navigation Left button Left button without movement <Shift> + left button Mid button Right button Right button w/o movement Mouse wheel <Ctrl> + left button Rotates the camera around the focus point. Selects the element under mouse cursor. Rotates the camera around itself. Zooms in/out. Moves the 3D model. Context menu. Zooms in/out. Starts a zoom rectangle for zoom. In case, <Shift> is pressed, the visible area of the 3D model will be fit into the rectangle (zoom out), else the rectangle will be fit into the window (zoom in). <Esc> can be used to cancel this command. This command is available in isometric view only.
Shortcuts F P B C O T Z Sets the focus point (see context menu). Toggles perspective view mode on/off. Shows clipping box. Toggles clipping on/off. Shows plot property dialog-box. See also GL3DViewer Properties on page 17. Toggles frame table on/off if present. Toggles a helper plane on/off that can be moved along the x-axis. The helper plane snaps to frame or clip-range positions if available. Pressing <Shift> deactivates the snapping. Hides the selected elements (FE- or geometry- elements). Hides the groups containing the selected elements. Zooms out. Zooms in. Resets zoom. Cancels the zoom rectangle. Rotate the 3D model. Move the 3D model. Can be used to do some commands finely. E.g. pressing <Shift>+<Ctrl>+<Left> moves the 3D model using a smaller step than <Ctrl>+<Left> alone. Moves the camera freely in the corresponding directions: forward, left, back, right, up, down. Forward and back movements are available only in perspective view mode. The velocity depends on the zoom value and may differ depending on the complexity of the model and the power of the computer system. Moving directions can be combined. Holding at least one of the keys you can use the mouse to change the direction of movement by rotation of the camera. Toggles element markers on/off (only for FE-models). Toggles node markers on/off (only for FE-models).
<Del> <Shift>+<Del> <PgUp> or <-NUM> <PgDwn> or <+NUM> <Home> <Esc> Arrow keys <Ctrl> + arrow keys <Shift>
W, A, S, D, E, X
M N
An important feature, especially during the learning phase, is the ToolTip for the columns of a table. Just move the mouse pointer over a column header and wait for a second. The right mouse-button context-menu can be used for the clipboard commands cut, copy and paste. If cells are marked, the "set data" command is also available. For some commands (e.g. "set data"), a dialog box asked for the row number. This is true only for records, with more than one row for each record. Select the row number from the presented list-box. E.g. set row number = 2, if you want to set the material number in the table Plate Arrangements.
Edit/Undo:
Tools/Delete line:
Tools/Additional Commands/ Options/Plot Properties: Use this command to set properties for the actual preview-plot. See also "Interactive Preview-Plots"
The preview-plots can be customized ( ), especially for showing different things. Each preview-plot has it's own properties and starts up with a default setting optimized for the current table-view. These settings can be changed and stored, so that they are also available when the view is opened next time. The plot properties should be self-explanatory; changes are shown immediately in the preview. Interaction with the Table Clicking on an element in the preview-plot, e.g. on a plate in the table "Plate Arrangement", selects the corresponding record in the table. For some tables, it is possible to select a member with a right mouse click. For example, in the table "Tanks" it is possible to create a tank by selecting a cell in the previewplot. ToolTips A ToolTip is displayed for all members in a preview-plot when the mouse-pointer is located on a member for a while. For example a ToolTip for a plate displays the name and the thickness (as built and required if available) of that plate. Zooming To see more details in a preview-plot it is possible to zoom in a region of the plot. Press the left mouse button when the mouse pointer is on an edge of the region of interest and move the mouse while the left mouse button is still pressed. The selected region is plotted when the mouse button is released. The original view can be reached by just clicking the left mouse button. Labelling All preview-plots can be labeled. The size of labels can be adjusted. Select the desired font for this. Use the option force size to get always the same font size, otherwise the font size is adjusted for the preview window automatically. It is possible to zoom in a region of the plot. Press the left mouse button when the mouse pointer is on an edge of the region of interest and move the mouse while the left -mouse button is still pressed. The selected region is plotted when the mouse button is released. The original view can be reached by just clicking the left mouse button.
Explanation of the available options: Application Window: Child Window: Table Settings General Start with recently loaded file Show coordinates Close not active window Loads automatically the last used file during start-up of POSEIDON Click this option to show the coordinates of the mouse while it is inside a preview-plot. Closes automatically a window when it becomes inactive. Determines the size and the position of POSEIDON application window at start-up. Determines the size and the position of the child windows inside of POSEIDON's workspace. These options modify the behaviour of the navigation inside the tables and the way to enter data.
Explanation of the available options: StandardDataPath: Temp Path: GL-Rules Path: Directory where Poseidon looks first for files. Directory where Poseidon stores temporary files. Directory of the actual GLRP version. GLRP is GL's CD-ROM, which contains the text of all GL rules. If this CD-ROM is installed the text can be displayed inside from POSEIDON. It is also possible to set the path to GLs web server of GL rules on-line. Use the www-button for this. Directory of the root for the ship register. POSEIDON files can be stored and loaded from a ship register number. For each register number, an own directory will be generated in a hierarchical tree structure. A bitmap file of the logo, which will be printed on the header of each printed page. Default is the logo of Germanischer Lloyd. The file must be of the type windows bitmap file (*.bmp).
Explanation of the options: Here the maximum numbers of elements inside the FE program GLFRAME can be given. Lower values can be given additionally to save memory and time during start-up. In this example the program starts with memory for only 10000 nodes. The second value (50000) will be used automatically if the first value was not great enough. The third value is used, in this example 200000, if the second value was also too small. Finally, if this is also not enough, the program will stop execution. Normally the values given by the Default button are ok, but in special cases it might be necessary to modify them.
Time functions must be defined. The nonlinear calculation will follow this time functions step by step. For each time step a calculation will be performed, taking the deformation and stiffness output of the last time step for input for the next one. Because of the time functions the load cases are calculated in the following way now: There has to be a load case in GLFRAME for every time function. These load cases can be defined with load groups and load factors as usual. In the nonlinear calculation each load case then gets multiplied with the actual factor of the corresponding time function. The loads of the model at the actual time step are calculated by summing up all those values. The calculation of beam loads is only possible for linear beams. The calculation depends on the original position of the beams and therefore is only useful for beams with small deformations.
Explanation of the available options: Start of Calculation: Time Step: Number of Steps: Interrupt every: Tolerances: Starting time of the solution. time step width during the solution. number of time steps. After this amount of time steps the calculation will be interrupted. It then can be chosen whether the calculation shall go on or not. Definition of the iteration parameters. These parameters define the accuracy of the equilibrium. The value 0.0 means no accuracy check for this parameter. -> search: defines when to start line search which costs a lot of calculation time. -> energy: accuracy for energy equilibrium -> displ.: accuracy for displacement equilibrium -> force: accuracy for force equilibrium -> ref.val.energy: reference value for energy equilibrium (if 0.0 then take value of preceding time step) -> ref.val.displ.: reference value for displacement equilibrium (if 0.0 then take value of preceding time step)
-> ref.val.force: reference value for force equilibrium (if 0.0 then take value of preceding time step) -> contact: accuracy for contact elements max. number of iterations: Maximum of iterations in one time step. If this value is reached, calculation aborts and an error occurs.
Properties for the 3D plot. Use the check boxes inside the grid to select the element groups that should be plotted. If only some of the elements are hidden, the checkbox of the corresponding group will be displayed in an undefined state. The visibility settings will be applied for all elements of a group. Select Elements All Segments Func. Elem. Plates Stiffeners Select or deselect all groups Select or deselect all segment groups (for geometry plots only) Select or deselect all functional element groups Select or deselect all plate groups Select or deselect all stiffener groups
Select or deselect all groups with plane stress elements (for FE plots only) Select or deselect all groups with shell elements Select or deselect all groups with truss elements Select or deselect all groups with beam elements Select or deselect all groups with boundaries elements Activates the highlighting. Invisible elements or groups will be shown with an transparent grey tone. The transparency can also be set using the slider beneath. Create one frame for every single visible group and determine the best view. Overwrites other auto layout settings. See also Tab Form: Layout.
Auto Layout
Note:
Only the selected property context (Set attributes for:) can be customized at the time. For an explanation of how to set the current property context see GL3DViewer Properties.
Use the check boxes inside the grid to select the fine-mesh-zones-groups that should be visible. If only some of the elements are hidden, the checkbox of the corresponding fine mesh zone will be displayed in an undefined state. The visibility settings will be applied for all elements of a fine mesh zone group (across the element groups).
Select Groups All Select or deselect all groups of fine mesh zones.
Node Settings: Show Nodes Node Name Node Number Node Temp. as Text Node Temp. as Circle Node Visibility: Auto Hide Show Free Nodes Element Settings: Element Markers Rigid Ends Beam Coord. Element Faces Element Lines Free Edges: Show Free Edges by Group by Thickness by Material Note: Show or hide free edges. Free edges are determined using group membership. Free edges are determined using the thickness of elements. Free edges are determined using the material of elements. Show or hide the element markers. Show or hide the rigid ends of beams. Show or hide the local beam coordinate systems. Show or hide the faces of all elements. Show or hide the outer contour of all elements. Automatically hide all nodes whose elements are all hidden, too. Even show nodes that are not part of an element. Show or hide nodes. Display the name of the node. For future use. Display the number of the node. Display the node temperature as text. Display the node temperature as circle. Not available yet.
Shrinking:
Enabled Factor Labels: Element Name Element Number Group Number Additional Information Colouring: by Thickness by Thickness (grey) by Material by Group White Faces by VonMises Stress by Shear Stress Note:
Enable or disable the shrinking of elements. The shrink value (in percent) can be input as number or changed using the slider control.
Show or hide the name of the element. For future use. Show or hide the element number. Show or hide the element group number. Show or hide additional information related to the elements.
The elements will be colourised based on the thickness value. The elements will be colourised based on the thickness value using a grey tone palette. The elements will be colourised based on the material. The elements will be colourised based on the group membership. All face elements will be colourised white. This helps to identify trusses, beams and other elements represented by coloured lines. The elements will be colourised based on the Von Mises stress value. The elements will be colourised based on the shear stress value.
Von Mises stress and shear stress colouring are only available if results are present. If they are not, colouring by thickness will be used instead. Only the selected property context (Set attributes for:) can be customized at the time except the colouring property. For an explanation of how to set the current property context see GL3DViewer Properties.
Note:
Select the load group or the global load case inside the table, which should be plotted. This tab is only visible for FE-plots. Options: Scalefactor Auto Scale Loads Show Value Line Circle Disc XYZ Factor to scale the loads If the option is set, the program will calculate an adequate factor. Plot the load values. Plot loads with lines. Plot loads with circles (only node loads). Plot loads with discs (only node loads). Split the loads into their axial components and display the marked component X, Y or Z. If no filter is set, the resulting load is plotted. Only the property context (Set attributes for:) FE-Model is affected.
Note:
Select the global load case inside the table, which should be plotted. This tab is only visible for FE-plots. Options Scalefactor Auto Scale Deflections Hide Model Auto Layout Factor to scale the deflections If the option is set, the program will calculate an adequate factor. If the option is set, only the deflections are plotted. Create one frame for every single visible load case and determine the best view. This option overwrites other auto layout settings.
Select the load case above the table and the stresses inside the table, which should be plotted. This tab is only visible for FE-plots. Options Scalefactor Auto Scale Stresses Use Fixed Scale Min Stress Factor to scale the stresses If the option is set, the program will calculate an adequate factor If the option is set, the display size of the results remain constant regardless of the zoom factor. For colour plot of von Mises or shear stresses elements with a lower stress value are not plotted except their edges. The geometrical representations of the stress values are coloured black if the value is less than Min Stress, and red if the value is greater than Min Stress. This value is for scaling of the stresses. Furthermore for the colour plot of von Mises and shear stresses all elements with a stress value greater than Max Stress are plotted red. The geometrical representations of the stress values are plotted boldly if the value is greater than Max Stress. Activates a special presentation with colours for the v.Mises stresses. This presentation depends on the element stress, the K- factor of the material and the values of Stress Min and Stress Max. The colour code for the element stresses is as follow: Red: Element stress >= Stress Max / K- Factor of the element Green: Element stress >= Stress Min / K- Factor of the element and < Stress Max / K- Factor des element Grey: Element stress >= Stress Min and < Stress Min / K- Factor of the element Elements which element stresses < Stress Min are ignored In general Stress Max should be 235 or the allowed stress!
Max Stress
Note:
Max Filters Some results can be filtered using maximum criteria. To apply such a filter select the entries called "filer: ..." from the load case choice list. The following max filters can be applied at the moment. v.Mises at element centre Max v.Mises (GL) Maximum Von Mises stresses at element centre will be used to colourize the elements. Maximum Von Mises stresses acc. to GL will be used to colourize the elements.
Utilisation of Fine Mesh Zones If available (CSR-OT) fine mesh zones can be colourized using the maximum utilisation of fine mesh zones. The colour code for the utilisation is as follows: No colour: Utilisation factor is not available (no fine mesh zone element). Gray: Utilisation is less or equal than the corresponding permissible yield utilisation factor of elements adjacent to weld. Yellow: Utilisation is less or equal than the corresponding permissible yield utilisation factor of elements not adjacent to weld and has to be checked. Red: Utilisation is greater than the corresponding permissible yield utilisation factor of elements not adjacent to weld and therefore out of range.
Note:
Result values will be additionally displayed in the status bar only if a colouring method is chosen.
Select the layout mode that should be used. Layout Properties Layout The layout mode can be one of the following:
Only one frame is used. All previously generated frames are merged into this single frame. Frames may be generated or deleted need-based. Frames are automatically generated using the visible groups of Tab Form: Selection. Every selected group becomes displayed in its own frame. The group names are used as title. All scales will be hidden. Frames are automatically generated using the visible deformations of tab "Deformation". Every deformed model of the selected load cases becomes displayed in its own frame. The names of the load cases are used as title. All scales will be hidden. (For future use.) Frames are automatically generated using the selected clipping ranges of Tab Form: Clipping ranges on page 26. Every selected clipping range becomes displayed in its own frame. Clipping ranges may be container, frames, etc. Frames are automatically generated using the selected containers that are shown in tab Tab Form: Clipping ranges on page 26. Containers are treated as special clipping ranges. Switch usage of paper borders on or off. Set portrait or landscape mode. Set the overlap of two neighboured frames in pixels. Sets the alignment of the frames for multi-column-multi-row layout. Frame places will be filled left to right or top to bottom according to this. Number of columns / rows for a multi-column / multi-row layout dependent on the alignment option. Choose a factor for the default scale factor 1:100. A Fixed scale factor of e.g. 1 means that 1 m in the model will be 1 cm on paper
Deformations
Clipping Ranges
Containers
Use paper border Portrait / Landscape Overlapping horizontal / vertical Columns / Rows Fixed Scale Frames Title T CS MSc LSc DSc RSc TCL SCL FT FHP
The Title of the frame that will be plotted in the lower left corner of the model. Show or hide the title of the frame. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the coordinate system. Show or hide the model scale. Show or hide the load scale. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the deflection/deformation scale. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the result scale. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the thickness color legend. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the stress color legend. Set undefined state for auto hiding. Show or hide the frame table if present. Show or hide the helper plane on the frame table. This plane can be used to determine the x-coordinate of elements.
Set all clipping parameters. Different clipping modes may be chosen and the coordinates of the clipping planes can be entered. Options Clipping active Clipbox visible Clipping Mode Intersection The clipping planes are used to intersect all elements. Intersection lines will be calculated and displayed boldly. Results and loads are automatically hidden, if the corresponding element is partly clipped. Elements are only visible if all element nodes are in the clipping ranges. This option is only available for FE-plots. Elements are visible if at least one element node is in the clipping ranges. This option is only available for FE-plots. Activates or deactivates the clipping. Show or hide the clipbox.
If activated, x-coordinates are given in frame number format. Clipping range for the corresponding coordinate. The corresponding clipping plane is active, if this flag is set. Replace the current settings with program defaults. In general the clipping ranges are set to the bounding box of the visible parts of the FEor geometry- model. Replace the current settings with program defaults. In general the clipping ranges are set to the bounding box of the FE- or geometrymodel.
Full
Select active clipping ranges and additional clipping and layout parameters. In single frame mode all selected clipping ranges will be combined as one united clipping range. The resulting clipping box is the intersection of the additional clipping range and the united ones. Additional Clipping Range Low / High X/Y/Z << Previous >> Next horizontal / vertical Columns / Rows Auto Layout Sets outer limits of the clipping box. If empty, no outer limit will be set. Move the selection markers one step upwards. Move the selection markers one step downwards. see Tab Form: Layout. see Tab Form: Layout. Activates or deactivates the auto layout for clipping ranges. See Tab Form: Layout.
Adjusts some common settings that can be saved as new default settings. Name Value Load defaults Save defaults Show All Props The name of the setting. The currently set value. Loads the last saved defaults. Saves the current settings as new defaults. Show or hide all settings that are available for saving as default. Some settings can be adjusted using other tabs of the property dialog. Those settings are hidden by default. Resets all settings to their defaults defined by Poseidon.
Reset defaults
If checked, OpenGL vertex buffer are used for drawing algorithms resulting in best performance. This option is only available for OpenGL version 1.5 and higher. Be aware that this may result in flawed presentations because of issues with some Intel onboard graphic chipsets. If vertex buffers are deactivated and this option is checked, display lists are used for drawing algorithms resulting in slightly better performance than using no enhancement. Be aware that this may result in flawed presentations because of issues with some Intel onboard graphic chipsets.
1. General
1.1. General Data
This is a tabbed form for project data, principal dimensions, additional principal dimensions in case of ice class, a description of the waterline in damage condition and some additional options.
Explanation of the Input Fields Project Project status: can be used for explanatory text. Selecting the "locked" option can lock POSEIDON projects. No modifications regarding the model can be made while a project is locked. On the other hand, thickness measurements can be entered only for locked projects, since thickness measurements are bounded to a
completed model description. Modifications to the project status are added automatically by the name of the current user and by the actual date and time. In addition a comment can be entered. Note: Author Description Attached Files Master Document The name of a master document (POSEDON (*.pox) file) can be given here if the actual file is a subsystem which shall be later merged to the master document. By selecting a master document here the actual file is made to a subsystem, which means that the general data (1.1-1.4) are loaded from the master document. Modification of the general data is in a subsystem not possible. Subsystems shall be defined in a given X-Range only. To merge the subsystem with the master document open the master document and use the import command. See also "Add POSEIDON Subsystem (merge data)" on page 209 A GLFRAME (*.bmf or *.glf) or a GRILLAGE (*.glg) file can be attached to a POSEIDON project. Attached files will be loaded and saved automatically with the POSEIDON file. It is possible to attach more than one GLFRAME and/or GRILLAGE file, but only the selected one will be used. Use the import button to import the selected file. Output-field. This string is the result of the selected choices. Class Supplements in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part 0, Section 2. List-box. Select a ship type from the list. List-box for the selection of a restricted service if any. List-box for the kinds of ice class. See GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 15. Check-box, which is used only for bulk carriers. Mark this field, if the bulk carrier has a double side structure for the side shell. Check-box, which is used only for bulk carrier. See GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 23. It is possible to unlock a locked project, but note that all existing thickness measurements will be lost in this case. can be used for explanatory text. can be used for explanatory text.
GLFRAME / GRILLAGE
Character of Classification
Ship Type Restricted Service Ice Class Double Side Use of Grabs
Note:
POSEIDON automatically considers the class designation for the sizing of transverse sections and members in accordance with the respective formulas of the GL Construction Rules.
Explanation of the input fields The principal dimensions as shown in the graphic are in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 1. The scantling length L can be calculated according to the rules by the program. Enter a 0 and press the enter-key for this. Deadweight and XA are important for calculation of stresses due to hullgirder torsion.
Explanation of the input fields The additional principal dimensions for ice class are as shown in the graphic. For further details see also GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 15.
Explanation of the input fields Location in X-Direction aft PP At the aft perpendicular x Length entries for points of the waterline of damage (related to the aft perpendicular) forward PP At the forward perpendicular max draft in damage condition used for the calculation of pressure height h for watertight bulkheads according to GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 11. Absolute heeling angle at the characteristic point
Draft at CL
Heeling angle
Default values for Tmax and Tmin: Tmax = Scantling Draught T Tmin = TBallast_mean + 0.33 * (T - TBallast_mean) TBallast_mean = (Tbf + Tba) / 2
1.2. Materials
In this section, the materials are defined. For further description see also Linear Isotropic Materials of GLFRAME.
in the following input mask. The modified profile table will be stored in the actual Poseidon-file. This ensures that the profiles used in each project are available at any time.
Explanation of the header fields Reh for Brackets Reh for Profiles yield stress of brackets yield stress of profiles
These material values are only used for the calculation of the required brackets, when the bracket material differs from the profile material. Explanation of the input fields (Profiles) Type List-box. Select a profile type. Available options are HP (means all types of bulbs), L, T and FB.
the name is automatically composed of profile type and its dimensions. The manual input of a name is not yet available. hw: depth of web or height of profile (see fig. above) tw: thickness of web hf: breadth of flange tf: thickness of flange calculated cross-section area of the profile (without plate) distance of neutral axis from lower side of profile (without plate) calculated section modulus including a plate (B=40*tw, t=tw) calculated moment of inertia including a plate (B=40*tw, t=tw)
With the "default" command from the context-menu (right mouse button) or by entering blanks only, POSEIDON can be asked to calculate default values. For all types of profiles the calculated values of W and I are based on an assumed effective width of 40*tw and a thickness of plating equal to tw. Explanation of the input fields (Brackets)
l tb bf tbf
Leg length of the bracket according to GL Rules Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 3.D Thickness of the bracket without flange Breadth of the flange Thickness of the bracket with flange
Additional commands Import/Export With the help of this command (which can be found in the File Menu) it is possible to read an external profile table and replace the existing values or to store the existing values in an external file. restores the GL-Standard-Table.
Def
If the unchanged profile table is in use, the item GL STANDARD TABLE will be shown in the title of the window. Once any value is changed, or an external frame table is loaded, this is shown in the title. There are two files "ProfAsia.txt" and "ProfGost" in the POSEIDON installation directory, which contains profiles according to the Japanese and the Russian standard.
Identification number of the End Connection Height of heel stiffener (if applicable) Length of bracket Height of bracket Height of bracket at 0,3*hb if blank, he will be calculated for a straight bracket. Use the context-menu (right mouse button) to set default values: straight: he will be calculated for a straight bracket round 20: he will be calculated for a round bracket with soft nose Height of brackets nose bracket heel radius. Use one of the following input formats: <rxxx> radius <270shxxx> 270 soft heel radius <180shxxx> 180 soft heel radius
c: hr
<> h: hh: t: lk: bflg, tflg, cflg: Mat.No.: Bracket heel length Bracket heel height Thickness of bracket
no radius
Effective support length (see section 9, Fig. 9.4 of GL Rules) Not implemented yet Material no. of bracket
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Keep PP: at Frame List-box. Select the perpendicular, which should be constant. The other one is recalculated for each alteration of the frame table. Location of the selected perpendicular. If the location is not exactly on a frame an offset to the frame can be given.
The position of the corresponding perpendicular is calculated automatically. List-box. Select either "aft to forward" or "forward to aft" for the direction of the frame numbering system.
Note:
Ranges in X-direction must be given always from aft to forward. For this, the ranges in Xdirection must be given from upper frame number to lower frame number.
For the option "forward to aft" the ranges in X-direction must be given from upper frame number to lower frame number. Explanation of the input fields (table) Frame No: Frame No. Intermediate frames are also allowed. The syntax: <Value> an integer for normal frames or <n.xy> with n = Frame No and xy = Intermediate frame No for intermediate frames. E.g., if a ship is extended by three frames between frame 90 and 91 the intermediate frames can be entered with 90.01; 90.02; 90.03. Spacing to the next frame Moulded line (forward or aft) X coordinate of the frame measured from the aft perpendicular. POSEIDON calculates this value. A factor for the relationship of the X- coordinate to the ship scantling length. POSEIDON calculates this value. If, for example, the frame spacing from Frame No. 3 to 180 is constant, Frame No. 3 can be entered into one line and Frame No. 180 in a new line under it. POSEIDON then automatically generates the frames located between these lines.
Note:
Additional Commands All lines on /off "All on" means that all frames are shown, whereby "all off" means that only frame positions with changing frame spaces are shown.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Name Name of the longitudinal frame, a maximum of 6 characters long. The name must begin with one up to four letters followed by a number. The number is necessary for the generation of frames. See the picture above for examples of frame names. With the all lines on command, you can see the names of the generated frames. Number of Longitudinals for example No=3 for a Name L_4 generates the Frames L_4, L_5 and L_6 Spacing to the next frame Y-coordinate of the longitudinal frame. If this value is given, the field for the Z-coordinate must be left empty. Z-coordinate of the longitudinal frame. If this value is given, the field for the Y-coordinate must be left empty. Frame position in longitudinal direction. Type of input field: list-box. Area of validity of the sectionals geometry in the ships longitudinal direction: Type of input field: list-box. Symmetry entry
No
Spacing Y Z Frame No. F/A Sym. Additional Commands All lines on /off
sets the mode for display of all frames (also the generated ones) to on or off.
Explanation of the input fields (table) No Item h toe h toef l toer l toes r toe w flange angle Note: identification number for this toe optional description height of toe height of toe at start of flange length of toe with radius length between toe with radius and begin of flange radius of toe width of flange angle of flange Toes are only considered for the fine-mesh FE-calculations
Explanation of the input fields FrameNo Start FrameNo End Position First (aft) frame of the hold Last (forward) frame of the hold Position of the hold in transverse direction (S: starboard, P: portside, C: centre)
1.10.
In this section the definition of slots are described. The slot data can be ex-/ imported via the File Menu, select as ASCII file. The slots are described relatively considering the profile type and can be used for different profile heights. Slots are used for the assessment of the shear area for floors and side transverses.
Explanation of the input fields Id. No. Item Prof.-Type ID-No. of Slot-Type Optional Description type of profile (T, L,)
Radius at head of profile Radius at base of profile Type of connection at position 1 and 2 respectively < yes > profile connected with the web directly < no > profile not connected or connected with collar plate
Collar-plate pos. 1
Collar plate existing at position 1 < yes > < no > Distance from head of profile to collar plate in mm Distance from base of profile to collar plate in mm Collar plate existing at position 2 < yes > < no > Distance from head of profile to collar plate in mm Distance from base of profile to collar plate in mm Material No. of collar plate 1 Material No. of collar plate 2
If one side of a T profile is directly connected to the web and a collar plate is fitted on the other side, the slot will automatically be taken to be at least as wide as the flange of the profile.
Additional Commands Preview Preview slots with a specific profile. By pressing the Preview button in the toolbar additional columns can be displayed. These can be used to preview the slots with specific profiles (although they still can be assigned to different profiles). When no values are entered or if these columns are not displayed, default profiles are used in the preview. The profiles entered in this way are used exclusively for the preview - the values are not saved with the rest of the grid and are reset to default whenever the columns are no longer displayed.
Additional input fields for Preview hw tw bf tf depth of web or height of profile thickness of web breadth of flange (if applicable) thickness of flange (if applicable)
You can benefit in various respects from the use of the wizard, because
Currently only transverse framed sections are supported by the wizard. The use of the wizard requires only that you predefine principal dimensions including the ship type and the frame table. Upon starting you can select the ship type from a popup menu, which is most suitable for your purposes. The following ship types are supported now: Container Ship Bulk Carrier Tanker
Usually the chosen type will match the ship type specified in the principal dimension section, however any Wizard can be selected. The wizard is represented by a modal window, which means that you have to close the window before you can continue to work in any other Window of POSEIDON. The Wizard window has an input area on the left and a graphical output area on the right side. While the input area is used to edit parameter values, the cross-section corresponding to these actual parameter values is shown on the output area. The graphical output is updated immediately if any of the parameters changes. This visual control enables the user to study the behavior of certain design parameters and makes his work more efficient. All parameters are assigned default values when the wizard is started. At any time, it is possible to return to these defaults by pressing the <RESET> button. To change the value of a parameter, simply place the cursor in the corresponding input field and type a new value. To get the default value of this input field, press first the <Del> key to delete the current value and then press the <RETURN> key. Alternatively, the <TAB> key can be used for navigation between input fields. The input area is divided into sub-areas. One of them, called General Data, contains all specific parameters for the selected ship type, e.g. number of Containers in Y-/ Z-Direction for Container Ship. Another sub-area called Structure holds parameters independent of the ship type. Finally, information about materials, usually in the form of material code numbers are given in the third sub-area Material Numbers.
A complete description is generated by pressing the <OK> button. All parameter values are saved for editing later. The wizard creates the following descriptions: Topological and geometrical data (See section 3.1). Longitudinal members with plate arrangements, longitudinal stiffeners and cutouts (section 3.2). Transverse stiffeners on longitudinal members (See section 3.3). Transverse girders on longitudinal members (See section 3.4). Topological descriptions of closed cells (See section 3.5). Transverse floors and web plates with stiffeners and cutouts (See section 3.6). Tank loads (See also section 4.1). Still water bending moments (See section 5.3).
Common input fields This section describes those input fields, which are common to all wizards. The input fields for individual ship types are described in the next sections. Input fields Structure Max. Width of Plates Maximum width of plates [mm]. This value, as well as keel width and sheerstrake as defined by GL construction rules is used to generate initial plate arrangements. Type of profile. Input options are: HPHP profile L Angle bar Please note that in the upper flange (above 0.9*H) only flat bars are valid. Spacing of transverse floor plates. This value can be either a length measure [mm] or a real value (1 decimal) as a multiplier for the frame spacing a, e.g. 0.8*a. Several values can be entered separated through commas or semicolons. Spacing of transverse girders above 2nd deck [mm]. Different kinds for the input of values are possible. See Spacing of Floors Maximum spacing of longitudinal stiffeners in vertical (e.g. side or longitudinal bulkhead) direction [mm]. The keyword "a" can be used instead of a value. In this case, the spacing will be taken from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction). The following additional keyword is possible: - S Sniped. The distance between longitudinal stiffeners and stiffeners on transverse members is 50 mm. - C The longitudinal stiffeners and the stiffeners on transverse members are connected. - SC Sniped and struts are fitted. - CC Connected and struts are fitted. Maximum spacing of longitudinal stiffeners in horizontal (e.g. innerbottom) direction [mm]. The same additions can be entered like in Spacing of Long.s: Vert. The distance for the addition sniped is 75 mm. Any change to this value leads to an automatic update of the input field Y-Coord. of Long. Girders. Z-Coord. of Decks: Z-coordinate(s) of deck(s) at side above base line [mm]. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. This may be either a single value/name or a list of values/names, separated by semicolon. All values in this list are arranged in ascending
Type of Prof.
Spacing of Floors
Horizontal:
order automatically. An additional attribute may be specified for each deck, immediately following the coordinate value. - T Deck is stiffened transversely. - NWT Deck is non-watertight, i.e. it gets a cutout. - c<value> Deck gets a cutout of the given size [mm]. Please note that the uppermost deck cannot get any cutout. Y-Coord. of Long. Girders: Y-coordinates of longitudinal girders. Same options as for Z-Coord of Decks.
Input fields Material Numbers of Hull Girders Different material code numbers can be assigned to different areas in the ship. While the area below 0.1H is called lower flange, the area above 0.9H is denoted by upper flange. Consequently, the remaining area is called between the flanges. Material code numbers can be entered for plates and profiles for each of these areas. Note: To handle material, which is different from the standard material code numbers (1, 2, 3), it is necessary to define a material code number for the required material properties in GLFRAME beforehand. For details, please refer to the corresponding section GLFRAME -Materials. Material code numbers for plates and profiles in the lower flange. Material code numbers for plates and profiles between 0.1H and 0.9H. Material code number for plates and profiles in the upper flange.
Low. Flg. Plates/Prof. Betw. Flgs Plates/Prof. Upp. Flg. Plates and Prof. Further Options Show Tanks
If this option is active, all tanks generated by the wizard are displayed using different colors. Switching off this option removes the representation of tanks. If this option is active, all transverse Members will be located on the port side with symmetry designation (P+S).
Either a mouse-click or a short cut, by pressing the <Alt> key together with the letter highlighted in the corresponding button, can activate each button. Show OK Update the graphical output according to the actual parameter settings. (This is already done by default). Close the wizard and adopt all parameter settings. You have to confirm, that all data previously generated (outside the wizard) will be lost. On confirmation, all input data for the cross section will be calculated. Close the wizard without any action. Set all parameters back to default values. Send the main window to the printer (hard copy). Displays online help text on the screen.
Input fields General Data See also Wizards for Transverse Sections. Frame No. Overflow at Z No. of Cont. in Y-/Z-Dir. Frame position in longitudinal direction. Overflow height of tanks above baseline [mm]. Number of containers in horizontal (Y) and vertical (Z) direction. A list of values, separated by semicolon, may be entered for Y in order to allow different numbers of containers per layer. The layers are counted from bottom up. While all entries but the last correspond to exactly one layer, the last entry is valid for all remaining layers. All values in this list are arranged in ascending order automatically. Examples: 8 5 8;10 8;10;12 5 layers with 8 containers each. 7 8 containers in the bottom layer, 10 containers in each of the 6 layers above. 9 8 containers in the bottom layer, 10 containers in the next one and 12 containers in the other 7 layers above.
Longitudinal girders, longitudinal bulkheads, decks and breadth of inner bottom are adjusted, if the number of containers is changed. Cont. Spacing Bay No.: C.o.G.X-Dir.: Horizontal spacing of containers [mm]. Identification number of the bay, needed for the generation of container loads. Centre of gravity of the bay from A.P. in [m].
Innerbottom Height
Height of the inner bottom [mm]. Instead of a coordinate, the name of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. If the shell bounds the inner bottom, an additional attribute may be entered here for the part between the longitudinal bulkhead and outer shell. - T The inner bottom part is stiffened transversely. - NWT The inner bottom part is non-watertight. - c<value> The inner bottom part has a cutout of the given size [mm].
Breadth of the inner bottom [mm]. If the inner bottom is bounded by the shell, "S" shall be specified here. Y-coordinates of longitudinal bulkheads. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. If there is more than one bulkhead, then a list of values, separated by semicolon, has to be specified. Bilge radius [mm]. You may specify either a circular radius with a single value or an elliptic curve with two values (major and minor radii). In both cases, the bilge is tangent to the bottom and to the shell at the side. It is also possible to import the shape of the shell if it already exists in the geometry description. For this, enter a S (Shell) instead of a value. Description of a camber on the main deck [mm]. Y coordinate of the knuckle of the camber [mm]. Top of the coaming plate above baseline [mm]. Breadth of the coaming [mm].
Bilge Radius
Input fields: General Data Frame No: Overflow at Z Hopper at IB Y Frame position in longitudinal direction. Overflow height of tanks above baseline [mm]. Y-coordinate of the intersection between hopper tank and inner bottom [mm]. Longitudinal girders and breadth of the inner bottom are recalculated if this value is changed. (See also Y-Coord. of Long. Girders and Innerbottom Breadth.) Z-coordinate of the intersection between hopper tank and shell [mm]. An additional attribute may be entered here which is valid for this part: - T The hopper part is stiffened transversely. - NWT The hopper part is non-watertight. - c<value> The hopper part has a cutout of the given size [mm]. Y-coordinate of the horizontal part between wing tank and shell [mm]. If the wing tank is bounded by the shell or the inner hull, then S or I shall be specified respectively. (See also Inner Hull at Y.) Z-coordinate of the intersection between wing tank and shell [mm]. An additional attribute may be entered here which is valid for this part: - T The wing part is stiffened transversely. - NWT The wing part is non-watertight. - c<value> The wing part has a cutout of the given size [mm]. Height of the inner bottom [mm]. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. An additional attribute may be entered here for the area between the longitudinal bulkhead and the shell. - T The inner bottom is stiffened transversely.
at Shell Z
at Shell Z
Innerbottom Height
Breadth
NWT c<value>
The inner bottom is non-watertight. The inner bottom has a cutout of size <value> [mm].
Breadth of the inner bottom [mm]. If the inner bottom is bounded by the shell or the hopper tank, then "S" or "H" shall be specified respectively. "H" is the default value. Width of the hatch [mm]. Height of the hatch girder [mm]. This value is measured from the intersection between the shell and the main deck. The actual height of the hatch girder depends on the camber in the main deck. Bilge radius [mm]. You may specify either a circular radius with a single value or an elliptic curve with two values (major and minor radii). In both cases, the bilge is tangent to the bottom and to the shell at side. It is also possible to import the shape of the shell if it already exists in the geometry description. For this, enter a "S" (Shell) instead of a value. Y-coordinate of the inner hull [mm]. The field "End of horz. Wing at Shell Y" is set to Inner Hull automatically, if it was Shell before. Leave this field empty or enter N (for None), if there is no inner hull. Description of a camber on the main deck [mm]. Y-coordinate of the knuckle of the camber [mm]. Top of the coaming plate above baseline [mm]. Breadth of the coaming [mm].
Bilge Radius
Inner Hull at Y
Input fields: Structure See also "Wizards for Transverse Section". Additionally, the following parameters may be specified: Upper Webs Deck and Stringer at Z Spacing of transverse girders in the hopper tank and the wing tank [mm]. Z-coordinate of the main deck at side and possibly additional stringers above baseline in [mm]. This may be either a single value or a list of values, separated by semicolon. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. All values in this list are arranged in ascending order automatically. For each stringer, an additional attribute may be specified, immediately following the coordinate value. - T Stringer is stiffened transversely. - NWT Stringer is non-watertight, i.e. it gets a cutout. - c<value> Stringer gets a cutout of size <value> [mm]. Please note that the main deck cannot get any cutout, but only stiffeners.
IB Load
Cargo load acting on the inner bottom and the hopper [kN/m2].
2.1.3. Tanker
For a general description of the wizard see also "Wizards for Transverse Section"
Input fields General Data See also "Wizards for Transverse Section". Frame No: Overflow at Z Innerbottom Height Frame position in longitudinal direction as defined in section 3.2. Overflow height of tanks above baseline [mm]. Height of the inner bottom [mm]. Instead of a coordinate, the name of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. An additional attribute may be entered here for the area between the longitudinal bulkhead and the shell. - T The inner bottom is stiffened transversely. - NWT The inner bottom is non-watertight. - c<value> The inner bottom has a cutout of size <value> [mm]. The default value, which appears on pressing the <RESET>-button is chosen in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Sections 24.A.3.2.3 and 24.A.3.3.1. Breadth Breadth of the inner bottom [mm]. If the inner bottom is bounded by the shell or the inner hull, then S or I shall be specified respectively. The default value is I . The shell automatically bounds the inner bottom, if the bilge radius is smaller than the distance between inner hull and shell. Bilge radius [mm]. You may specify either a circular radius with a single value or an elliptic
Bilge Radius
curve with two values (major and minor radii). In both cases, the bilge is tangent to the bottom and to the shell at side. It is also possible to import the shape of the shell if it already exists in the geometry description. For this enter a S (Shell) instead of a value. Within the bilge area no longitudinal stiffeners will be generated. Any change to this value leads to an automatic update of the following values: Innerbottom Breadth, Inner Hull at IB, Inn. Hull par. to side from Z, Deck and Stringer at Z, Y-Coord. of Long. Girders. Inner Hull Y at IB Y-coordinate, at which the inner hull starts at the inner bottom [mm]. Instead of a coordinate, the name of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. Y-coordinate, at which the inner hull is parallel to the shell at side [mm]. The default value, which appears on pressing the <RESET> button, is chosen in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 24.A.3.2.2. Y-coordinate, at which the inner hull is bounded by the main deck [mm]. Z-coordinate, at which the inner hull is next to the lowest stringer [mm]. Any change to this value leads to an automatic update of the lowest stringer into the input field Deck and Stringer at Z. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. Z-coordinate, at which the inner hull ends is next to the uppermost stringer [mm]. Any change to this value leads to an automatic update of the uppermost stringer into the input field Deck and Stringer at Z. Y-coordinate of longitudinal bulkheads. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. If there is more than one bulkhead, a list of values, separated by semicolon, has to be specified. You can specify the existence of bottom stools for the bulkhead at midship (at y=0) by using the following short cuts: - SL Lower stool, - SL,SU Upper and lower stool. SU alone is not allowed! The length of the plates at the bottom stool is restricted to 3.0 m at maximum. The arrangement of these stool plates is always from bottom up. I.e. the first plate of the bottom stool is placed on the inner bottom; the first plate of the upper stool is placed on the top plate of this stool. If you specify bottom stools then all existing bulkheads will be corrugated. If there is no longitudinal bulkhead at all, please enter N (for None) here. Any change to a longitudinal bulkhead leads to an automatic update of the related input field Y-Coord. of Longitudinal Girders. Swedge If the longitudinal bulkheads specified in Long. Bhds. at Y shall be corrugated bulkheads, 4 values have to be entered (See section 3.2, Plate Arrangement, Attributes). If you delete the content of this field completely, default values will be provided taking also into account if a bottom stool has been specified. The plate width of corrugated bulkheads is set to 10.0 m at maximum. If there are no swedges on the longitudinal bulkheads, please enter N (for None). Height of Girder at Deck Height of the transverse girders at main deck [mm]. If the transverse girder shall be generated on top of the main deck, an additional attribute "A" (for Above) has to be specified. In this case, the moulded line will be on the opposite side of the plate.
Y at par. to side
to Z
Long. Bhds. at Y
at Long. Bhd.
Height of the transverse girders at the longitudinal bulkheads [mm]. Two brackets can be created at the longitudinal bulkhead at midship. Therefore, the letter B (Bracket) must be given additionally to the existing value. In this case, the transverse girder at deck must be given as girder that will placed below the deck. If there are no longitudinal bulkheads, please enter "N" (None). Description of a camber on the main deck [mm]. Two values can be entered. See following example. Y-coordinate(s) of the knuckle(s) of the camber [mm]. Two values can be entered. See following example.
Input fields Structure Upper Webs Deck and Stringer at Z Spacing of transverse girders at main deck and on longitudinal bulkheads [mm]. Z-coordinate(s) of the main deck and possibly additional stringers above baseline in [mm]. Instead of coordinates, the name(s) of a longitudinal from the Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction) can be given also. This may be either a single value or a list of values, separated by semicolon. All values in this list are arranged in ascending order
automatically. For each stringer an additional attribute may be specified, immediately following the coordinate value. - T The stringer is stiffened transversely. - NWT The stringer is non-watertight, i.e. it has a cutout. - c<value> The stringer has a cutout of size <value> [mm]. Any change to the lowest or uppermost stringer leads to an automatic update of the value in the field Inn. Hull par. to side from Z or to Z. If exist only one stringer in the lower part then the inner hull will be parallel to the outer shell. In this case the field Inn. Hull par. to side to Z contains the text Deck instead a value. Furthermore the value in the field Inner Hull Y at Deck will be set to the same value like the value in the field Inner Hull Y at par. to side. The width of the plates of the sheerstrake on the main deck is calculated in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 6.C.3.1. Y-Coord. of Long. Girders Y-coordinates of longitudinal girders. Same input options as for Deck and Stringers at Z. If parameters have been given for the Swedge input field then additional longitudinal girders including cutouts will be generated. The spacing between these girders and the girders below the bulkheads corresponds to the depth of the swedge. See also GL- Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 8.B.3.1.
3. Hull Structure
3.1. Longitudinal Members
In this program section, a geometric and topologic description of the ship transverse section can be given with the aid of functional elements. For example shell plating, inner bottom, weather deck, longitudinal girders, etc., including stiffeners and cutouts, as well as their assignment to the frames. In this manner, structural elements (called Functional Elements in the following) are created and held ready for the later sizing and finite element generation. Furthermore, closed cells are generated by POSEIDON and are used for the description of transverse members. The recording of measured scantlings to be taken into consideration during the sizing of the transverse section is likewise possible.
For the correct generation of FE models, a functional element should have the same name at all frame numbers. (e.g. if a deck is called DK_5 at frame 80 it should be called DK_5 at each other frame number, where the geometry of that deck is defined. A functional element with a gap at a frame number should be described with two different functional elements, one with attribute "Forward" and one with "Aft" at that frame number. (e.g. if a deck is from frame 40 to 80 at Z= 5000 and from frame 80 to 90 at Z=6000 than there is a gap at frame 80)
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields Func.Ele. Abbreviation for a functional element, a maximum of 6 characters long. The abbreviations at a frame have to be explicit; they comprise the identification key of the functional element. The abbreviations given here are called on in the section Rule Scantlings for the sizing of the complete ship transverse section. For example, all plates with the Short Cut SHELL are internally provided with a criterion S for sizing, so that the applicable formulas of the Construction Rules are automatically applied. The recommended Short Cuts are: Outer plating SHELL Innerbottom IB Decks DK respectively DK_1, DK_2 etc. Longitudinal girders LG respectively LG_0, LG_1 etc. Longitudinal bulkheads LB respectively LB_1, LB_2 etc. Coaming elements CO respectively CO_1, CO_2 etc. A explanatory description as a text can be entered in order to comment on, for example, a longitudinal bulkhead. Frame No. or position in the ship longitudinal direction. List-Box. Area of validity of the sectional geometry in the ship longitudinal direction: empty the geometric information is valid only at this frame. - F: the geometric information is also valid for frames located further forward. - A: the geometric information is also valid for frames located further aft.
F+A:
the geometric information is also valid for frames located further forward and further aft and can be used for interpolation.
Sym.
The following columns are only shown when a functional element is opened Point No. Y, Z Numbering of the input points and rows. This field can not be altered. Coordinates of the points on the functional element. The alternative entries are: - <value> Input of absolute coordinates. <funct. element> [<offset>] Intersection of the geometry with the functional element. An offset can be given additionally. The offset will be added directly to the coordinate, when the functional element has a constant coordinate, e.g. as a longitudinal frame. Otherwise the intersection point is calculated first, and the offset is added to the calculated intersection point. In this case no direct connection to the functional element is given! <empty field> A field may be left empty when the coordinate is the same as in the preceding row. BEGIN+<offset> END-<offset> If a functional element is given in column Y, the keyword "BEGIN" or "END" can be given in column Z, which means that the startrespectively end-point of the element given in column Y is used. An additional offset in the direction of the functional element can be entered. But note that BEGIN- and END+ is not allowed.
If a point can be defined by referencing a functional element, the name of the functional element should be entered. This approach is necessary for the generation and for the later subdivision during the sizing and for the thickness adjustment. Example: A deck is limited in the Y direction by the functional elements SHELL and LB_2 (Longitudinal bulkhead 2, which, of course, has to be geometrically described). For this, only the entry of one Z coordinate is necessary. The y coordinates are automatically generated by POSEIDON and, if appropriate, corrected by the plate thickness. LT List-box. Line type for the connection of two points. The type of the connection of the current point with the next point (in the next input row) is described. The alternative entries are: - 1 for straight lines - 2 for circular segments - 3 connect the points along the Functional Element named in this row and the next row. This type of connection is important for the connection of two functional elements especially for the generation of FE-models. - 7 no geometry is defined between to the next point. This allows the description of gaps. The orientation, which is given here, has to agree with the orientation of the plate description in the section Hull Structure, Longitudinal Members: Plate/Stiffener Arrangements. POSEIDON interpolates geometric information between frames. If, for example, Frame No. 100
Note:
is described and the functional elements are labelled with the attribute F or F+A and those of Frame No. 130 with the attribute A or F+A, then interpolations can be made with this geometric information at the frames between. Additional Commands All lines on /off All on means that the geometry information for all functional elements is shown, whereby with all off only the functional elements are shown.
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Func. Ele. Item y-z Start Combo-box for the name of the Functional Element. This field can be used for further description. Combo-box, which defines the start of the plate inside the cross-section. BEGIN as standard value means that the first point is assumed from the display of the geometry description of the functional element for this plate. For further plates of the same element, the standard value is AUTO. With this, the connection is made to the end point of the preceding plate. The user can switch between the several alternative entries by double clicking. The alternatives are: - BEGIN or END + <offset> Start or End of the geometry + the amount of the offset in mm. - <Funct. Element> The program seeks out an intersection with the functional element for the determination of the y value.
;<Funct. Element>
y=<value> ;z=<value>
The program seeks out an intersection with the functional element for the determination of the z value. Entry of an absolute value for y in mm. Entry of an absolute value for z in mm.
y-z End Combo-box as for Start of Plate. Additional alternative: - B=<value> <value> = Entry for the plate width in mm Example: B=1800
Note:
The orientation of the plates has to agree with that of the geometry description of the corresponding functional element Plates are automatically truncated when they exceed the geometry description; respectively ignored when they are completely outside of the geometry description. Frame No., which defines the start of the plate in the longitudinal direction of the ship. Frame No., which defines the end of the plate in the longitudinal direction of the ship. List-box, which defines the moulded line - Right Moulded line is located on the right side of the plate (as seen from the start of the plate). - Left Moulded line is located on the left side of the plate (as seen from the start of the plate). Plate thickness [mm]. Leave this field empty if POSEIDON should calculate the plate thickness. List-box for the symmetry designation. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. Dialog-box for the sizing criteria. See also Definition of Design Criteria.
The later dimensions according to GL Construction Rules are influenced by these criteria, this means, the choice of the appropriate calculation formulas, etc. Dialog-box. The given attributes serve to further describe a plate, in particular with respect to the behavior during sizing. The attributes of a plate are superimposed on all stiffeners that are located on this plate. The following attributes are supported at this time and can be selected in the dialog-box: - CV<e>*<b>*<d>*<c> Vertical corrugated plate. Vertical corrugated plates have, on account of the corrugations, no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. For the values e, b, d, see the illustration or GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 11. The value c gives the distance to the first corrugation (it can also be negative). - CH<e>*<b>*<d>*<c> Horizontal corrugated plate. Horizontal corrugated bulkheads have, on account of the corrugations, no influence on the shear distribution. For the values e, b, d, see the illustration or GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 11. The value c gives the distance to the first corrugation (it can also be negative).
b 2 M .L .
e
NES NEB Non-effective resisting shear. The member has no influence on the vertical shear distribution. Non-effective resisting bending. The member has no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. Non effective resisting shear and bending. A combination of NES and NEB unsupported span in the plane of the crosssection. The automatic search for this value is suppressed, if this value is given. unsupported span in the longitudinal direction. The automatic search for this value is suppressed, if this value is given. actual detail category Ignore Member. This attribute is valid for thin plates (t<=2.5mm) only. A plate with this attribute will be used inside the cross-section calculation (for the consideration of closed cells and connected members) but the plate will not get a req. thickness by the Rules Check command.
NEX dyz=
dx=
DC= IM
Additional Commands Set Material for the upper and lower Flange This command calculates first the position of the upper and lower flange and scans the cross-section for the used materials. The location of the flanges and the material of the flange respectively between the flanges can be changed. A material number 0 means that different materials are used. Copies members of the current frame to another frame. The command asks for the target Frame No. Also, the user can specify whether plates and/or profiles are to be copied. It is also possible to select functional elements out of a list box. Only the selected functional elements will be copied. This command is only available if no plates or stiffeners are given for the selected frame no. Using this command, you will get a standard generation for plates and profiles for all functional elements, which are defined at the current frame no. Use this command to sort the input lines so that all members of a functional element are located one after the other. Use this command to filter functional elements. The filtered elements are not displayed in the list and not plotted in the preview.
Copy
Geom. to struct.
Sort. Filter
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Func. Ele. Item Y-Z Start Combo-box for the name of the Functional Element. This field can be used for further description. Combo-box for the position of the first stiffener inside the cross section. The alternative inputs are: - y= <value> Y-coordinate in mm. - z= <value> Z-coordinate in mm. BEGIN[ <offset>] First stiffener is located at the initial point of the functional element it belongs to. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally.
<Funct. Element>[ <offset>] First stiffener at the intersection of the functional element it belongs to with the here given functional element. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. AUTO [ <offset>] First stiffener at the position of the last stiffener from the previous row. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally.
Note:
If no offset is given, the stiffener spacing (a) of the current row is used as <offset>. If AUTO is given in the first row of a functional element, the program corrects it to BEGIN.
Y-Z end
Same as before for the endpoint of the stiffener. Instead of the keyword BEGIN the keyword END can be given. Also possible: - n= <n> Number of stiffeners - ?<id> assign a ? followed by an identifier <id> to a stiffener. This is useful for the preprocessor to connect a stiffener with a stiffener described at a different frame range with the same identifier. This description mode is possible only if one stiffener is described by this line. Frame No., which defines the start of the stiffener in the longitudinal direction of the ship. Frame No., which defines the end of the stiffener in the longitudinal direction of the ship. If decks or girders are located close enough (spacing <1/4 of the stiffener spacing) to a stiffener and the angle to the plate differs not more than 70, they replace the stiffener Spacing between the stiffeners. For the scantling calculation POSEIDON calculates the spacing from the structure, as long as n>1 or a=0. The alternative inputs are: - <value> Entry of an absolute value in mm. - n= <n> n stiffeners from Start of Spacing to End of Spacing with constant spacing - a Generates a stiffener on each longitudinal frame from the "frame table y-z direction". For this, "Start of Spacing" and "End of Spacing" must be described with longitudinal frame names from the "frame table y-z direction". - F=<f> Generates one stiffener between y-z start and y-z end, whereby <f> is the factor for the distance between y-z start and y-z end. - dy=<value> spacing given as an absolute value in mm in Ydirection - dz=<value> spacing given as an absolute value in mm in Zdirection
X-Start X-End
Note: a
Note: n= may only be given when End of Spacing has not already been defined with n=. l unsupported length (in mm) in the ship longitudinal direction. POSEIDON normally calculates this value. It should be set only, when no transverse members are defined. List-box for the definition of the moulded line. - MF On moulded side; view on front. At the moulded line of the plate; looking from the start of the functional element, the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - MR On moulded side; view on rear. At the moulded line of the plate; looking from the start of the functional element, the backside of the profile is visible - OF On opposite side; view on front. At the opposite side of the plate; looking from the start of the functional element, the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - OR On opposite side; view on rear. At the opposite side of the plate; looking from the start of the
M.Line
functional element, the backside of the profile is visible Rot. The input alternatives are: - R <Value> Specifies the relative angle between the plate and the stiffener in degrees, with <Value> of 0 to 180 degrees. For example R90 (see illustration above) - <Value> Specifies an absolute angle of the profile in the Y-Z coordinate system, with <Value> of 0 to 360 degrees. (see illustration below) List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffeners has to correspond to that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S. Type and Dimensions Attributes Profile definition. Dialog-box
Mat. Sym.
. Attributes serve to further describe stiffeners, in particular in respect to the behavior during sizing. At this time, a stiffener can have only one attribute. The following attributes are supported at this time: - NES (non-effective shear) The member has no influence on the vertical shear distribution.
NEB
DF=
(non-effective bending) The member has no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. (non effective shear and bending) A combination of NES and NEB length of end connection (Will be used only if no EC is given) A reference to the table of slots. Identification number of the End Connection (see 1.4) at the start and end of stiffeners length web height of primary member supporting the stiffeners if deflection between two primary members are to be considered in the fatigue analysis of the stiffeners (see 5.6.3) Struts are fitted between shell and innerbottom longitudinals at the half span. actual detail category of end connection at the start and end of stiffeners length default=0; means the value is automatically calculated acc section 3.L of GL Rules m acc. Section 15, B, 4.3.1 of GL Rules
Examples:
Last Frame No
These two fields describe a range in X-direction. When the all off option is active only the cutouts, which are located in the given range, are listed.
Note: First Frame No means always that frame number which is located nearer to the aft end of the ship. Explanation of the input fields (table) Func. Ele. Item Spacing X-Start X-End Location Combo-box for the name of the Functional Element. This field can be used for further description. Series of spacing in the X-Direction X-position (frame no.) of the first cutout. A cutout is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Spacing. X-position (frame no.) of the last cutout. A cutout is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Spacing. Location of the centre of the cutout in global coordinates. The location can be given as follows: Y=<Value> or Z=<Value> <Value> can be given either by global coordinates or by a reference to another functional element. Example: y=LB_1 + 500 whereby 500 is an offset to the calculated intersection point. F=<Value> Location of the middle of the cutout with factor of the length of the functional element Example: F=0.5 The cutout is on the longitudinal girder LG_2 which height is from z=0 to z=1800. The middle point of the cutout is at the half length (height) of the longitudinal girder LG_2, therefore, at z=900 mm The height of the cutout (or width) [mm]. The length of the cutout in X-direction [mm]. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the cutouts has to correspond with that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the cutout can be located at S, at P or at P+S. Additional Commands All lines on /off All on means that all cutouts are shown, whereby with all off only the cutouts, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown.
B L Sym.
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Func. Ele. Item Spacing X-Start X-End Combo-box for the name of the Functional Element. This field can be used for further description. Series of spacing in the X-Direction First frame at which the stiffener is located. A stiffener is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Locations. Last frame at which the stiffener is located. A stiffener is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Locations.
Note: First Frame No means always that frame number which is nearer to the aft end of the ship located Y-Z Start Combo-box for the position of the first stiffener. The alternative inputs are: - y= <value> Y-coordinate in mm. - z= <value> Z-coordinate in mm. BEGIN [ <offset>] The stiffener begins at the initial point of the functional element it belongs to. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. The stiffener begins where the previous stiffener ends.
AUTO
<Funct. Element> [ <offset>] The stiffener begins at the intersection of the functional element it belongs to, with the here given functional element. An offset, which is used as a developed length, can be given additionally. <Funct. Element> WEB: As before, whereby the offset is calculated out of the web height of the transverse girder, which is located on the here given functional element.
Combo-box. Same as before for the endpoint of the stiffener. Instead of the keyword BEGIN the keyword END can be given. Description of the bracket at the beginning of the stiffener - lk length of bracket or sniped (select box) - t thickness of bracket - bf breath of the bracket-flange Same as above for the bracket at the end of the stiffener
Profile definition. List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - MF (on moulded side; view on front) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - MR (on moulded side; view on rear) at the moulded line of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible - OF (on opposite side; view on front) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the front (bulge) side of the profile is visible - OR (on opposite side; view on rear) at the opposite side of the plate, looking from aft the backside of the profile is visible List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffeners has to correspond to that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Mat. Sym.
Additional Commands All lines on /off All on means that all stiffeners are shown, whereby with all off only the stiffeners, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Func. Ele. Item Combo-box for the name of the Functional Element. This field can be used for further description.
Attributes:
Dialog-box. The given attributes serve to further describe the girder. - Rounded Web(R=) Define a rounded web with a radius. - Rounded Bracket(Rb=) L-beam (a web with one flange. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. H-beam (a web with a flange on each side. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. T-beam (a web with one centred flange. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. Stiffeners and Cutouts at Webs - Mark Check-box for attaching a row to a girder - No. Identification number - c Distance of the first stiffener or centre of cutout from: the functional element (parallel) start of girder (not parallel) - a Spacing between stiffeners or centre of cutouts - n Number of stiffeners or cutouts - Parallel Check-box, if marked the stiffeners are parallel to the functional element the girder is attached to. Otherwise the orientation is vertical to the functional element. See also Transverse Stiffener Arrangement. Combo-box for the description of the beginning of the girder. See also Transverse Stiffener Arrangement.
Note:
If several input lines describe a continuous girder the keyword "AUTO" must be given at "Start of Girder" for the second and all following lines. A support for the girder is given at "End of Girder" by using a reference to a functional element. First frame at which the girder is located. A girder is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Spacing. Last frame at which the girder is located. A girder is always located at this frame, irrespective of the entries in Spacing.
First Frame No means always that frame number which is nearer to the aft end of the ship located Series of spacing in the X-Direction List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the girder has to correspond to that of the plate. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Web and Flange hWeb 1st row Beginning height of web - <x> absolute value of the height [mm] If an FE is given for Y-Z start it is also possible to describe the height as follows: - HF=x <x> is measured on the FE given for Y-Z start
<FE>+-<x>
hWeb 2nd row bFlg 1 row bFlg 2 row tWeb tFlg toe 1 row
st nd st
Intersection of <FE> and the FE given for Y-Z start. The offset x is measured on the FE given for Y-Z start additionally. The offset <x> is measured from the start of the FE given for Y-Z start The offset <x> is measured from the end of the FE given for Y-Z start Intersection of <x> as a Y-co-ordinate and the FE given for Y-Z start. Intersection of <x> as a Z-co-ordinate and the FE given for Y-Z start
Ending height of web. Same possibilities as for the beginning Beginning width of flange Ending width of flange Thickness of web Thickness of flange Toe description at the beginning of the girder - <value> toe number of girder (as defined in toe table 1.7) - Auto the girder is connected to other girder if possible, otherwise the girder is sniped or has a flat end if not connected - Sniped the girder is sniped - connected not implemented yet (the girder is connected to another structural element Same as above at the end of the girder
toe Con. 2nd row End Connection lk hk t toe 1st row toe Con. 2nd row toe 1 row toe Con. 2nd row bflg tflg Note:
st
length of bracket height of bracket thickness of bracket Toe description at the beginning of the bracket at the beginning of the girder, same possibilities as above Same as above for the end of the bracket at the end of the girder Toe description at the end of the bracket at the beginning of the girder, same possibilities as above Same as above for the end of the bracket at the end of the girder breath of the bracket-flange. Same possibilities as for hWeb thickness of the bracket-flange The height of the bracket is used as a vertical height to the flange. For this, the edge of the bracket connected to the other functional element might be shorter or longer depending on the angle between flange and connected functional element.
Additional Commands All lines on /off All on means that all girders are shown, whereby with all off only the girders, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown.
3.2.1. Cells
Several longitudinal members geometrically limit a cell. The contour of a cell is described in relationship to functional elements. It can also extend over several geometrically enclosed ranges, for example, over the entire double bottom. For the plate arrangement, the cell contour determines the dimensions of the transverse member plates. The view is opened in "all lines off" mode, which means that for each cell only the definition line is shown. The geometry definition for a cell can be opened by double clicking the row header or with the command "all lines on/off", which opens the geometry definition for all cells. The geometry definition (contour of a cell) should be given by edges, additional points may be used for free contours. In the normal case, edges are described by functional elements; the intersections of the functional elements form the corner points of the contour. The abbreviations (Short Cuts) of the functional elements can be selected by double clicking on the list. It is also possible to directly describe some edges with coordinates instead of functional elements. This is always helpful when the cells are limited by edges, which are not longitudinal members. A description Y=<value> or Z=<value> internally creates a parallel to the Z or to the Y-axis as an edge. example: SHELL Y=5000.0 IB LG_0 results in the following cell:
Apart from using edges, parts of the contour can also be given as a series of points, in which points must be defined by two coordinates or two functional elements. example : SHELL Y=5000.0 SHELL Y=4500.0 Z=500.0 Y=5000.0 IB IB LG_0 results in the following cell:
IB LG_0 SHELL
Note:
Symmetric cells with an edge at Y=0 must be described as cells crossing the symmetry line, i.e. define them as one large cell instead of two symmetric small cells.
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields Short Cut Identifier of the cell, max. 6 characters long. The Short Cut has to be unique, because it is used to refer to the cell. The Short Cuts temporarily generated by POSEIDON are named with CE_1 ... CE_n (see Note). an explanatory description as a text can be entered as a description. List-box for the symmetry designation. Additionally, the following conditions apply for the symmetry of the cells:
Description Sym.
Functional Element
If the cell is described symmetrically, it has to be positioned entirely on one side (port or starboard), which means that all edges of the cell require either P or S as symmetry designation. Cells, which contain a middle-line girder, may not be described symmetrically. If an edge extends above the symmetry line, the cell contains the symmetry designation P.
Combo-box. Name of a functional element, which limits the cell or a coordinate. The description distinguishes between points and edges: Examples for edges (only the first column is used): - <Funct. El> Functional element as limitation of the cell. The user can select between functional elements by double clicking. - <Funct.El>+<offset> The edge is parallel to the functional element with a constant distance given by <offset> - Y= <coordinate> Parallel to the Z axis. - Z= <coordinate> Parallel to the Y axis. Examples for edges (both columns are used): - Y= <coordinate> Z= <coordinate> G=<angle) An edge through the point Y,Z with the given angle Examples for points (both columns are used): - Y= <coordinate> Z= <coordinate> Definition of a point. - <Funct.El>[+<offset>] <Funct.El>[+<offset>] The intersection of the two functional elements describes the point. An offset for each coordinate at this point can be given additionally. It is also possible to give one functional element and one coordinate. - <Funct.El> Begin | End Either the end or the beginning of the functional element.
Sym
Location of an edge with respect to symmetry: - P Cell edges are located entirely on the port side. - S Cell edges are located entirely on the starboard side. - P, S Cell edges extend from the port side over the centreline to the starboard side. - S, P Cell edges extend from the starboard side over the line of symmetry to the port side. The edges of the cell have to form a closed contour. As an example, only edges with P or an edge with P,S can follow an edge with P . Only an edge with S or with S,P can accordingly connect to an edge with P,S .
Note:
Additional Commands All lines on /off All off means that for each cell only the definition line is shown whereby with all on also the complete geometry description for all cells is shown.
3.2.2. Plates
In this section the plates of transverse members are described.
Explanation of the input fields (heading) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Short Cut Short Cut is the identifier of the transverse member (max. 6 characters). Cutouts and stiffeners on transverse members are assigned to the transverse member by this name. A transverse member may contain several plates, which are defined by cells. The shortcut can be extended by a second identifier separated by a colon from the shortcut (example: Web:120 and Web:140). This is useful if the same shortcut is used at several different frame numbers; otherwise, it is not possible to use the same shortcut for different frame numbers. An explanatory description as a text can be entered in order to comment on, for example, a bilge plate.
Item
Note:
If one plate of a transverse member is symmetrical, all plates of that transverse member must be symmetrical. Plates of a transverse member must also be described without gaps. A transverse member consists of all plates, which have the same name before the colon Combo-box for the name of a cell, which gives the geometry representation for this plate. Beginning of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. End of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. Series of spacing in the X-Direction Design Criteria: See also Definition of Design Criteria. Plate thickness in mm. Leave this field empty if the plate thickness shall be calculated by POSEIDON. List-box for te moulded line. - Aft Moulded line is located rearwards in the ship longitudinal direction - Forward Moulded line is located forwards in the ship longitudinal direction List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the plate has to correspond to that of the cell. If, however, a cell is located at P+S, the plate can be located at S, at P or at P+S.
Sym.
Mat.
List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table.
Additional Commands All lines on Rename /off All on means that all plates are shown, whereby with all off only the plates, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown. Use this command to rename a Short Cut of the transverse member. The second identifier will be ignored. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Short Cut Combo-box for the transverse member on which the stiffeners are located. The stiffener is automatically defined at the same frame as the transverse member is. An optional description may be entered. Profile definition. Two Combo-boxes for the position of the first stiffener. The first cell is for the description of the Y-coordinate and the second cell is for the Zcoordinate. The alternative inputs are: - <value> | <value> absolute values for y and z in mm. - <Funct. El.>+<value> <Funct. El.>+<value> Intersection point of the given functional elements. An offset can be given for both coordinates. This offset is added after the intersection is calculated. A combination with absolute coordinates is possible. - Stiffener:<ShortCut>:<Item>+<value> Coordinate is given by the stiffener. The attribute H must be given for the referenced stiffener. - Cutout:<ShortCut>:<Item>+<value> Coordinate is given by the cutout If Cutout is given for the Y-coordinate the following alternative inputs for the Z-coordinate are:
"G=<value> Angle in degree. Nearest intersection of a line with angle from Y-Z End with the cutout <Empty> Nearest point of the cutout A combination of Stiffener and Cutout with absolute coordinates or an intersection with a functional element is possible. Y-Z End End Connection, 1st row: End of the 1st stiffener of this input line. Syntax as described above or. - <Empty> Coordinate is taken from Y-Z Start End connection for the beginning of the profile. Alternative entries: - S Sniped - C The stiffener is connected to a longitudinal. The unsupported length of this stiffener as well as the unsupported length of the longitudinal will be reduced. - B (l*h*t) Bracket - BF (l*h*t*bf*tf) Bracket with flange End connection for the end of the profile. Alternative entries: see 1st row directly above. Number of additional stiffeners. List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - ML at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side. - MR at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side. - OL at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side. - OR at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side. Stiffener spacing in mm or in "a" Syntax, which generates a stiffener on each defined position as defined in Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction). For this the frame table must be used at "Start of Stiffener" and "End of Stiffener" (constant in one column). Vertical or horizontal depends on stiffener orientation. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the transverse member plates. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S. Mat. Attr. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. <Empty> Normal Stiffener H High-grade Stiffener. The attribute H must be if this stiffener shall be referenced by other stiffeners. Stiffeners with this attribute exist always inside the FE-model. If Attr H is given, n must be equal to 1 and Item must be unique and the characters "+","-",":"," " are not allowed
Sym.
Note:
If other plates are located close enough (spacing <1/4 of the stiffener spacing) to a stiffener which is arranged in accordance with n, they replace these and the stiffener is not generated.
Note:
Stiffeners within the FE-models are only generated if referring in the main direction to functional elements. Stiffeners which reference to absolute X- and Y-co-ordinates will be ignored. Gaps with respect to sniped stiffeners will be ignored in reasonable tolerances.
Additional Commands All lines on Rename /off All on means that all stiffeners are shown, whereby with all off only the girders, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown. Use this command to rename a Short Cut of the transverse member. The second identifier will be ignored. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Short Cut: Short Cut of the transverse member at which the cutout is located. The cutout is automatically defined at the same frame as the transverse member. By double clicking, a Short Cut can be selected. An optional description may be entered.
Combo-box for the location of the centre of the cutout in global coordinates - <value> global coordinates in mm - <value>L as factor of the max. extension in Y respectively Z direction of the member - <Funct. El.>+<value> intersection point with the given functional element
R1,R2 R3,R4 F/A Mat V1,V2,V3,V4 Radii of the corners (see fig. Type of Cutouts) Direction of the stiffener for the cutout Material of the stiffener Stiffeners for the cutout. The type is Flat-bar always. Enter the dimensions of the stiffeners (height*thickness in mm), whereby V1 is located around R1, V2 around R2 etc. Stiffeners Sym. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the cutout has to correspond to that of the plate. If, however, the plate is located at P+S, the cutout can be located at S, at P or at P+S. Fig. Type of cutouts
R1
dy
R2
R3
R4
dz
dy = =
1
dz
dy
= =
dz
dz
dz
dz
dz
R1
dy = dz = R1
R2
R3
R4
R1 R2 R1 R2
R1
dy
dz
Additional Commands All lines on Rename /off All on means that all cutouts are shown, whereby with all off only the cutouts, which are defined at the actual cross-section are shown. Use this command to rename a Short Cut of the transverse member. The second identifier will be ignored. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Item Type and Dimensions An optional description may be entered. Profile definition. The following types are possible:
SP = B H t
global x-Direction
H = H t1 B t2
B t2 H B t1
global x-Direction
I = H t1 B t2
t2 t1
global x-Direction
Beginning of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. End of the frame range in which the transverse member is defined. Series of spacing in the X-Direction ( Design Criteria, under development). Two Combo-boxes for the position of the first stiffener. The first cell is for the description of the Y-coordinate and the second cell is for the Zcoordinate. The alternative inputs are: - <value> | <value> absolute values for y and z in mm. - <Funct. El.>+<value> <Funct. El.>+<value> Intersection point of the given functional elements. An offset can be given for both coordinates. This offset is added after the intersection is calculated. A combination with absolute coordinates is possible. End of the 1st stiffener of this input line. Syntax as described above. End connection for the beginning of the profile. Alternative entries: - S Sniped - C The stiffener is connected to a longitudinal. The unsupported length of this stiffener as well as the unsupported length of the longitudinal will be reduced. - B (l*h*t) Bracket - BF (l*h*t*bf*tf) Bracket with flange End connection for the end of the profile. Alternative entries: see 1st row directly above. Stiffener spacing in mm or in "a" Syntax, which generates a stiffener on each defined position as defined in Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction). For this the frame table must be used at "Start of Stiffener" and "End of
Stiffener" (constant in one column). Vertical or horizontal depends on stiffener orientation. Sym. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the transverse member plates. If, however, a plate is located at P+S, the stiffener can be located at S, at P or at P+S. Mat. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table.
Limitations: -
The following limitations exist for the current version of POSEIDON: only one Bulkhead is allowed at a frame number. no Cutouts can be assigned to Bulkheads. butts inside a cell must not cross vertices of a cell. butts on a cell edge are not allowed. butts with more than two intersection points with the cell are not allowed. girders which are composed out of several parts should have the same item and be continued with "Auto".
Explanation of input fields Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of input fields (table) Bulkhead Name Frame No Functional Element Cell Additional Commands Copy This command copies a bulkhead or parts of it. If the same short cut is used for the target bulkhead, only a new reference is generated. If a new short cut is given for the target bulkhead a new bulkhead will be generated and all members of the source bulkhead are copied (plates, stiffeners and girders) to the new bulkhead. Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Use this command to delete all members which are not referenced by the bulkheads.. Name of the bulkhead. Basis Frame number for the bulkhead. Name of the functional element. Name of the cell.
Rename
Explanation of input fields (heading) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of input fields (table) Cell Sym. X relative to Xref Name of the cell. List-box for the symmetry designation. Distance of the point in x-direction from the reference-point of the bulkhead. The value must be given in [mm] or in "a","<n>a" or "a/<n>" Syntax. For a vertical transverse cell all values are equal. Since frame numbers are used to assign such cells to bulkheads, the same cell can be used for different bulkheads. Combo-box for the Y-value of the point. This value can be given directly by an absolute coordinate in [mm] or by a reference to a Functional Element, or another bulkhead cell, which lies not vertically. Additionally an offset can be given. For this, the resolved coordinates are shifted by the given offset. Combo-box for the Z-value of the point. This input is similar to the y-value. List-box. It describes how to connect this point with the next point. The choices are: - 1 for straight lines between the two points. - 3 connect the points along the Functional Element named in this row and the next row. This type of connection is important for the connection of two functional elements especially for the generation of FE-models.
Z Line Type
Description of cells in longitudinal direction Cells of bulkheads in longitudinal direction are to be defined in clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Each X-position is to be defined by two points. In case of different definition of the geometry in forward and aft direction (F/A) four points are required. The definition of the first or last X-value of the cell can be one ore two points. Warped cells are not possible.
Additional Commands
Rename
Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. /off All off means that for each cell only the definition line is shown whereby with all on also the complete geometry description for all cells is shown.
All lines on
Explanation of input fields (heading) Bulkhead Name: Frame No. and F/A Combo-box. Only plates of the given bulkhead are shown. Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of input fields (table) Functional Element Item Cell Y-Z Start Combo-box for the name of the used bulkhead Functional Element. An optional description may be entered. Combo-box for the name of the used bulkhead cell. Combo-box for the definition of Start of Plate - Begin The program takes the minimal y or z value from the definition of the cell. - Auto Start of Plate at the end of the preceding plate. - Y= Entry of an absolute value for y in mm. - Z= Entry of an absolute value for z in mm. Combo-box for the definition of End of Plate - End The program takes the greatest y or z value from the definition of the cell. - Y= Entry of an absolute value for y in mm. - Z= Entry of an absolute value for z in mm. for transverse plates only: - BV= Entry of a breadth in y-direction in mm. - BH= Entry of a breadth in z-direction in mm. for all other plates: - B= Entry of a breadth in mm. The value for the start of the plate can be given as follows:
Y-Z End
X-Rel.Start
Begin + <value>
End + <value>
<value>
The program takes the minimal X value from the definition of the cell. An additional offset in the X-direction can be given. The program takes the maxiimal X value from the definition of the cell. An additional offset in the X-direction can be given. Distance of the point in X-direction from the reference-point of the bulkhead. The value must be given in [mm] or as a, <n>a or a/<n> syntax.
X-Rel.End
Note:
Use Begin and End in X-Rel.Start and X-Rel.End if the plate is at one X-Position only.
ML
List-box, which defines the moulded line: - Aft Moulded line is located astern in the ship longitudinal direction. - Forw. Moulded line is located forward in the ship longitudinal direction. minimum thickness of material in [mm], given by the user. List-box for the symmetry designation. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. Dialog-box for the sizing criteria. See also Definition of Design Criteria. Dialog-box. The given attributes serve to further describe a plate. see also: Plate Arrangements
Additional Commands Rename Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one.
Explanation of input fields (heading) Bulkhead Name: Frame No. and F/A Combo-box. Only plates of the given bulkhead are shown. Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of input fields (table) Functional Element Combo-box for the name of the used bulkhead Functional Element.
An optional description may be entered. Profile definition. Combo-box for the position of the first stiffener. The alternative inputs are: - y=<value> z=<value> Entry of an absolute value for y and z in mm. - <Funct. El.>+<value> <Funct. El.>+<value> Intersection point of the given functional elements. An offset can be given for both coordinates. This offset is added after the intersection is calculated. A combination with absolute coordinates is possible. End of the 1st stiffener of this input line. Syntax as described above. The value for the position of the first stiffener can be given as follows: - empty the stiffeners are longitudinal (Y-Z Start/Y-Z End used) - Begin + <value> The program takes the minimal X value from the definition of the cell. An additional offset in the X- direction can be given. - End + <value> The program takes the maximal X value from the definition of the cell. An additional offset in the X- direction can be given. - <value> Distance of the point in X-direction from the referenceframe of the bulkhead. The value must be given in [mm] or as "a", "<n>a" or "a/<n>" syntax.
X-Rel.End
Note
:if X-Rel.Start/X-Rel.End are not empty then: - one of the Y/Z columns has to be empty - n is the number of stiffeners between X-Rel.Start and X-Rel.End (a is unused) - the stiffeners are transverse - the stiffener is orthogonal to the Plate
End connection for the beginning of the profile. Alternative entries: - S Sniped - C The stiffener is connected to a longitudinal. The unsupported length of this stiffener as well as the unsupported length of the longitudinal will be reduced. - B (l*h*t) Bracket - BF (l*h*t*bf*tf) Bracket with flange End connection for the end of the profile. Alternative entries: see 1st row directly above. Number of additional stiffeners. List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - ML at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side. - MR at the moulded line of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side. - OL at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards left side. - OR at the opposite side of the plate, the front (flange) side points towards right side.
Stiffener spacing in mm or in "a" Syntax, which generates a stiffener on each defined position as defined in Frame Table (Y and Z -Direction). For this the frame table must be used at "Start of Stiffener" and "End of Stiffener" (constant in one column). Vertical or horizontal depends on stiffener orientation. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the bulkhead plates. If, however, the plate is located on P+S, the stiffener can be located on S, at P or on P+S. - P On the port side - S On the starboard side - P+S Symmetric on both sides List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table.
For the FE-model generation, stiffeners are only considered when they are connected to a longitudinal functional element with a gap below 150 mm.
Sym.
Mat.
Note:
Additional Commands Rename Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one.
Explanation of input fields (heading) Bulkhead Name: Frame No. and F/A: Combo-box. Only plates of the given bulkhead are shown. Definition of the actual cross-section.
Girder which consist of several parts must have the same functional element name and the same item. Each part following the first part must begin with Auto for start of girder. Use a new item for a new girder.
Item: Attributes:
An optional description may be entered. Dialog-box. The given attributes serve to further describe the girder.
L-beam (a web with one flange. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. H-beam (a web with a flange on each side. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. T-beam (a web with one centred flange. The orientation of the flange is to bottom respectively to the outer side. Stiffeners and Cutouts at Webs - Mark Check-box for attaching a row to a girder - No. Identification number - c Distance of the first stiffener or centre of cutout from: the functional element (parallel) start of girder (not parallel) - a Spacing between stiffeners or centre of cutouts - n Number of stiffeners or cutouts - Parallel Check-box, if marked the stiffeners are parallel to the functional element the girder is attached to. Otherwise the orientation is vertical to the functional element. Type and Dimensions Profile or cutout definition (O for cutout) ML: List-box for the definition of the moulded line: - FR X-Direction of the girder is located forward in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points right. - FL X-Direction of the girder is located forward in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points left. - AR X-Direction of the girder is located astern in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points right. - AL X-Direction of the girder is located astern in the ship longitudinal direction, the front (flange) side points left. Combo-box for the beginning of the girder. The alternative inputs are: - y=<value> z=<value> Entry of an absolute value for y and z in mm. - <Funct. El.>+<value> <Funct. El.>+<value> POSEIDON calculates the intersection point of the given functional elements. An offset can be given for both coordinates. This offset is added after the intersection is calculated. A combination with absolute coordinates is possible. - Auto Connects this girder to the end of the preceding girder. Ending of the girder. Syntax as described above, except the keyword Auto.
It is also possible to give the name of a bulkhead stringer for Start of Girder and End of girder. The syntax for this is: Bulkhead name:functional element:item. The stringers can be selected from the combo-box.
Y-Z Start:
Y-Z End:
Note:
Mat.:
List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table.
Sym.:
List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the stiffener has to correspond to that of the bulkhead plates. If, however, plate is located on P+S, the stiffener can be located on S, at P or on P+S. - P On the port side - S On the starboard side - P+S Symmetric on both sides
Web and Flange hWeb 1st row Beginning height of web. Height can also be given in "a", "<n>a" or "a/<n>" syntax for determining the height out of the longitudinal frame table. Ending height of web
Use for both heights the same syntax (either with "a" or without "a").
bFlg 1 row bFlg 2 row tWeb tFlg End Connection (1st row):
Beginning width of flange Ending width of flange Thickness of web Thickness of flange Description of the bracket at "Start of girder". The "Attributes" are also used for the brackets. - Lk length of bracket - h height of bracket - t thickness of bracket - bflg width of flange - tflg thickness of flange Same as above for "End of Girder".
Use this command to rename a bulkhead, a functional element or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one.
4. Design Criteria/Loads
4.1. Compartments
In this section, the compartments are described. The compartment defines the geometry/topology of a tank or deck in a more detailed way than previous versions of POSEIDON. With the description of compartment it is now possible to consider different cell descriptions at different cross-sections. Compartments are composed out of cells at different cross-sections. To define a new compartment you can add a new line behind the last line of an existent compartment. Enter the name of the new compartment and insert the frame no. for the cross-section. You can insert now the cells to the cross-section which are inside the tank at this cross-section. It can be done by right clicking inside a cell of the wanted area. Select the Insert permanent cell . from the popup-menu. Insert a new compartment description (a new line) for each cross-section where the geometry/topology of the compartment changes. The end of a compartment must be defined by a line which contains the frame number of the end of the compartment only.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Short Cut Frame No. and F/A Name of the actual department for the pre-view. Actual cross-section at which the department is shown in the pre-view.
Frame No Sym.
Frame No of a cross-section of the compartment List-box for the symmetry designation of a cell of the compartment.
Note:
The geometry definition for a cell can be opened by double clicking the row header or with the command "all lines on/off", which opens the geometry definition for all cells. The definition of the
cells should normally not be altered, use the insert permanent cell ... command from the preview instead. For a description of the columns for the cell definition see "Cells" on page 74.
Additional Commands
Copy
Rename
Use this command to rename a compartment. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one.
Convert
Coverts a characteristic cell to a compartment. If there are cutouts in the cell the compartment is automatically extended.
All lines on
/off
All off means that for each cell only the definition line is shown whereby with all on also the complete geometry description for all cells is shown.
Calculate volume and centre of gravity of a compartment. The results are presented in the info view. This command creates a 3D-view out of the compartment description of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table.
This method is for compartments, which have a constant shape in the cross-section on all Xpositions. Select an elementary cell which inside the tank. Make a right click inside the cell in the preview and select "Insert tank with Cell . from the popup-menu. When a temporary cell has been selected, a dialog-box asks for the new name of the new permanent cell. It is also possible to select the cell in the Comp. Name column from the drop down list-box. If there are cutouts in the cell the tank is automatically extended. This method is for compartments, which have different shapes in the cross-sections over the Xextension. Select the compartment in the Comp. Name column from the drop down list-box. For a description of departments see also "Compartments" on page 96 This method is for compartments which should not be assigned automatically during the sizing process. The design criteria for these tanks must be assigned by hand. Leave the Comp. Name column empty in this case.
With the Calc command, the data resulting from the geometry of the compartments can be calculated.
Note: New compartments can be created only while no filter for a frame number is active. Press the "all lines on" button when a filter is active.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No. and F/A heel. angle Definition of the actual cross-section. Design heeling angle, in accordance with GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 4, D
Explanation of the input fields (table) Comp. No.: Identification number of the tank, which also is used for the entry of the Design Criteria in the section Rule Scantlings. This number is generated by the program and can not be altered. This field shows the symmetry designation of the tank, It is no input-field. Tanks are always described only on one side. The alternatives are: P Tank at the port side S Tank at the starboard side Empty Tank on both sides. If the tank is defined with an elementary cell it shows the symmetry designation of the attached cell.
Note: If there are identical tanks on port and starboard side, both tanks have to be described separately!
Sym.:
Comp.Name:
Name of a compartment or of a characteristic cell, which is located in the tank. The design criterion of this tank is assigned automatically to longitudinal and transverse members if a cell or compartment name is given. If this field is empty the design criterion of this tank must be set for the affected longitudinal or transverse members.
Note:
A characteristic cell for the tank description has to be an elementary cell that means it may not be symmetric and may contain no further cells. If a temporary cell is selected as a characteristic cell, this is automatically given, because all temporary cells are elementary cells.
Medium:
The medium with which the tank is filled. The medium can be selected by double clicking the left mouse button. The alternative entries are: FUEL OIL LUB OIL FRESH WAT. CARGO BALLAST Density of the medium. Pressure. Length of the free fluid surface area (in the ship longitudinal direction).
free Width: Frame No aft.: Frame No forward: Top of Tank Yp: Top of Tank Zp: Top of Tank Ys: Top of Tank Zp, Zs: Height of overflow: part. filled tanks:
Width of the free fluid surface area (in the ship transverse direction). Frame No with the corresponding X coordinate for the aft end of the tank. (Each in the first row) Frame No. with the corresponding X coordinate for the forward end of the tank. (Each in the second row) The larger (= toward port-oriented) Y coordinate of the tank top edge (ship transverse direction, port positive, midship = 0). The Z coordinate above the base, which belongs to Yp. The smaller (= toward starboard-oriented) Y coordinate of the tank top edge (ship transverse direction, port positive, midship = 0). The Z coordinate above the base, which belongs to Ys. Height of overflow pipe above the base Are the tanks partially filled? The alternative entries are: Y yes N no Maximum filling height which shall be used for partially filled tanks. It is assumed that the tank is not filled higher than this value, except a 0 is given.
lev.:
Additional Commands All lines on Calc: /off : All on means that all tanks are shown, whereby with all off only the tanks, which are defined at the actual cross-section, are shown. Calculates the free length and width and the top of the tank of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. Use this command to rename a compartment or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Coverts the description of a tank with characteristic cell to a description with a compartment of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If there are cutouts in the cell the compartment is automatically extended. This command creates a 3D-view out of the tank description of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table.
Rename
Convert
3D Show Tank(s)
Explanation of the input fields No. Identification number of the deck loading, which is used in the entry of the Design Criteria in the section Rule Scantlings. (For example, C1 for load No.=1). It is not allowed to use the same number more than once. additional description. Name of a cell, which describes the cargo hold. If a cell is given the design criteria is attached automatically to all surrounding plates. Additionally the cell is used for the calculation of the vertical height of the cargo load if the Upper Edge of Cargo is not given. Name of a compartment or of a characteristic cell, which is located inside the cargo hold. If a cell or compartment is given the design criterion is attached automatically to all surrounding plates. Additionally the cell or compartment is used for the calculation of the vertical height of the cargo load if the Upper Edge of Cargo is not given. If this field is empty the design criterion for this cargo load must be set for the affected
Comp.Name:
longitudinal or transverse members. See also "Content of Compartments" on page 97. Deck No. Deck number to which the loading applies. In accordance with the Construction Rules, number 1 is used for the main deck, number 2 and 3 for the lower decks. Further decks may be entered, although they have no further effect on the sizing of plate scantlings. Cargo Loads in accordance with Construction Rules for Seagoing Steel Ships, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 7. A minimum thickness of 6.0 mm is applied. Frame No aft.: Frame No forward: Upper Edge of Cargo Frame No with the corresponding X coordinate for the aft end of the cargo hold. (Each in the first row) Frame No. with the corresponding X coordinate for the forward end of the cargo hold. (Each in the second row) the name of a functional element or the absolute Z-coordinate which describes the max. height of the cargo. When this value is given the repose angle is considered for the calculation of the height of the cargo load, otherwise the height is calculated by the vertical distance to the upper edge of the cell. This value is ignored for Static loads. Repose angle of the cargo. The repose angle is considered for the calculation of the horizontal loads, as well as for the calculation of the height of the cargo load (see above Upper Edge of Cargo). An angle of 0 corresponds to liquid medium. This value is ignored for Static loads. Static load on the deck. A static load should not be used in conjunction with a given cell, since all loaded members gets the same static load (vertical to the member). Density of the cargo. If this value is given POSEIDON calculates the static load for each plate considering the vertical height of the described cargo load above the plate. Wheel load under harbor conditions. For restrictions see also Load Static. Wheel load Print area of a wheel or of a group of wheels
Repose angle
Load Static
dens. C.
Wheel Load seagoing condition Wheel load under seagoing conditions Load Area Holdno. Cargo Type Wheel load Print area of a wheel or of a group of wheels Hold number. This value is automatically calculated by the extend of the compartment and the definition in section 1.7. Select the type from the list. Normally the M-Full type should be used to consider a completely filled compartment with cargo If another type is selected, it is necessary that a corresponding M-Full load in the same hold exists und the compartment must be equal to the compartment of the M-Full load. Then the Mass value will be used to create an internal compartment that applies to the given mass. With this approach it is possible to define only one compartment in 4.1 and use it for different filling levels. Cargo mass to be carried by the hold. This value should be zero for MFull loads. For all other types this value is used to calculate the shape of the load.
Mass
In section 4.1 it is possible to create additional cargo loads with the command create heavy cargo.
Additional Commands
/off
All on means that all deck loads are shown, whereby with all off only the deck loads, which are defined at the actual cross-section, are shown. Calculates the free length and width and the top of the cargo hold at the given Frame No. of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. Use this command to rename a compartment or a cell. Place the cursor on the name you want to rename before. After the new name is given, all occurrences of the old name are changed to the new one. Coverts the description of a deck load with characteristic cell to a description with a compartment of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If there are cutouts in the cell the compartment is automatically extended. This command creates a 3D-view out of the cargo hold description of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table.
Rename
Convert
Note:
Note:
All stack loads are calculated for an assumed weight of 100kN for each container. Use the load factor table of GLFRAME to adjust to the actual existing stack weight
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No. and F/A Definition of the actual cross-section.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Bay No.: C.o.G.X-Dir.: Identification number of the bay. Centre of the bay from A.P. in [m]. Use the "default" command from the context-menu (right-mouse button) to get the calculated half distance between Frame No. aft and forward. Frame No. where the aft respective the forward end of the bay should be vertically supported in the FE-model of the hull structure. Identification number of the row. List-box for the symmetry designation. The symmetry designation of the row - P On port side. (only for even row numbers) - S On starboard side (only for odd row numbers) - P+S Symmetric on both sides (only for odd row numbers) Identification number of the lower and upper tiers. Distance from centre of gravity of the row to centreline in [m]. Shortcut of a functional element on which the container are vertically supported followed by an offset in [m] to the lower edge of the container. The keyword "Auto" can also be given. For "Auto" the program searches for the Container below. If the stack is rested on different functional elements use the command Edit vertical support from the context menu of this field (right mouse click)
Note:
The longitudinal members of a transverse bulkhead are not allowed. The functional element must be defined at the y-coordinates of the foot points at the forward and at the aft frame number.
For Container on hatch covers the supporting functional element for containers must be described by linetype=7 in the region of the opening.
Guided aft/forward
Name of a transverse bulkhead with frame number or a shortcut of a functional element where the containers are guided and horizontal loads are transferred to the hull in heeled condition. Enter the value for the aft end in the first row and in the second row for the forward end of the containers.
Explanation of the input fields (table) Frame No: Bending Moment Frame No. or position in the ship longitudinal direction. In general at least the read-out points of the loading manual should be used.
Max. Min. Shear Forces Max. Min. Tors. Moment Additional Commands Def
Still water bending moment (hogging) Still water bending moment (sagging)
Set all parameters back to default values. The default values are based on the min. required section moduli according to GL Rules Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5.C.2 for the midship section. Creates a report for this section
Print Report
Explanation of the entry rows Frame No: Bending Moment Max. Min. Shear Forces Max. Min. Additional Commands Def Set all parameters back to default values. The default values are based on the values for seagoing condition and do not result in structural reinforcements. Shear force (positive) Shear force (negative) Still water bending moment (hogging) Still water bending moment (sagging) Frame No. or position in the ship longitudinal direction. In general at least the read-out points of the loading manual should be used.
Explanation of the input fields Position Frame No: Vertical Bending BM SF Horizontal Bending BM SF Torsion Mtor Torsion moments horizontal bending moments horizontal shear forces vertical bending moments vertical shear forces Frame number, where bending moments and shear forces will be calculated.
Note:
These values will be used only if they exceed the values as given in GL Rules and calculated in Wave Loads According to GL-Rules. Service range coefficients are not considered.
Explanation of the input fields Position Frame No: Vertical Bending BM SF Horizontal Bending BM SF Torsion Mtor Additional Commands Default Values Resets the table to default values. horizontal bending moments horizontal shear forces Torsion moments Difference of the moments and shear forces between the fore- and aft ship. Note: Section 4.4. vertical bending moments vertical shear forces Frame number, where bending moments and shear forces will be calculated.
4.5.4.3.
Definition of Waves
In this section, regions of the hullform are defined, in which dynamic pressures can be generated for the FE-models. For this, a simplified waveform is assumed. The resultant bending moments and shear forces can be calculated here also.
Explanation of the input fields Load No. wave length Lambda Lambda/L nom. Wave height Mue Wavelength (output field). For beam sea case Lambda constant 2*B/L. Wave length based on the scantling length L (input field). For beam sea case output field. Nominate wave height. The default value is Co according to GL-Rules section 4.A. (input field). heading angle between ship and wave 0 90/-90 Pos. of wave crest xp/Lpp Fr. No xwh dx Position of wave crest relative to the length between the perpendiculars at centreline (input field). For beam sea case output field. corresponding frame number length of the constant min- and max pressure at shell (input field). For beam sea case output field and set to 0. distance from wave crest to wave trough (input field). For beam sea case output field and set to 0. (max. (Lambda-2xwh)/2).
Due to the missing mass distribution of the vessel, the wave pressures are not balanced. Therefore, the moments and shear forces are calculated separately for the fore - and aft body up to L/2.
Note:
xwh
xp/Lp
dx AP FP
0.5L
z=psDyn/ T
/2=B
The preview-plot can show the moments and forces, shear and torsion curves or the form of the wave. Use the tabs at the bottom of the preview to toggle between these previews. Explanation of the input fields (heading) Load No Explanation of the input fields Position Frame No: Vertical BM SF minimal/maximal vertical bending moment minimal/maximal vertical shear force Frame number, where bending moments and shear forces will be calculated. Load number.
Horizontal BM SF Torsion Additional Commands Show Plot wave Moments/shear force Torsion Moment Load dist. Longitude Press. dist. Transverse Press. Overview Use this command to plot one of the following results: plots the simplified wave plots the moments and shear forces in vertical and horizontal direction plots the torsion moment plots the load ordinates in vertical and horizontal direction plots the pressure of the chosen frame number plot the pressure of several frame numbers minimal/maximal horizontal bending moment minimal/maximal horizontal shear force minimal/maximal torsion moment
Explanation of the input fields Position Frame No: Frame number, to calculate the minimal and maximal bending moments and shear forces
Vertical Bending BM SF Horizontal Bending BM SF Torsion Mtor Additional Commands Show Plot wave Moments/shear force Torsion Moment Load dist. Longitude Press. dist. Transverse Press. Overview Use this command to plot one of the following results: plots the simplified wave plots the moments and shear forces in vertical and horizontal direction plots the torsion moment plots the load ordinates in vertical and horizontal direction plots the pressure of the chosen frame number plot the pressure of several frame numbers minimal/maximal torsion moment minimal/maximal vertical bending moment minimal/maximal vertical shear force minimal/maximal vertical bending moment minimal/maximal vertical shear force
5. Results
5.1. Hull Cross Section
In this section, the results for the calculation of a cross-section are shown. The members defined in Hull Structure are sized in accordance with GL Construction Rules. Determination of the Parameters Necessary for Sizing by POSEIDON For each sized plate, POSEIDON displays one main row. If the plate is further subdivided by adjoining Functional Elements or stiffeners, additional rows containing the results for these plate fields can be shown. Each plate field is sized separately and the maximum thickness is displayed in the main row. Normally, only the main rows are displayed; however, the rows of the partial structures can be made visible with the command All Lines (ON/OFF). It is also possible to show the plate fields only for one plate by double-clicking the row header of this plate. Sizing of a cross section A complete sizing of a cross-section can be carried out with the command "Rules check". This section of the program can be used if the sizing of a cross-section is to be checked in a more detailed way or if alterations of the individual parameters are to be analyzed. This can be done with one of the following methods:
Press the "Show-button" in the main row of a member. All plates and profiles of the selected functional element are recalculated and the results are shown graphically. Open a main row by double-clicking the row header or open all lines with the "all lines on" command. Then press the "Show-button" in a sub row (can be identified by ==>). Only this line is recalculated and the results (and errors, if any) are printed in the Info-File in a very detailed way. The command "Rules check". All lines of this display are recalculated. Errors, warnings and notes for each row are written into the Info-File as well as an overview of cross-sections values. The command "Calculate geometric properties". First all scantlings as required become scantlings as built. With these new values, the cross-section is recalculated. Afterwards the command "Rules check" is executed.
Changes to dimensions and loading can be made only in sub rows. At the end, the sizing is to be checked. A # symbols in the assessment column indicates that POSEIDON has stopped the sizing for this member, because of undefined sizing criteria or measurements. The InfoFile shows the reason for this. The sizing is complete when the section modulus of the transverse section fulfils the requirements. After a successful sizing, the determined "as built values" can be saved by transferring the results to the Hull Structure section with the command "Accept calculated values".
Note: Remarks to the sizing of members: POSEIDON sizes transverse stiffeners inside the ice belt with m0=6. (See also GL Construction Rules, Part I, Chapter 1, Section 15)
The accurate buckling calculation can be made only when all required values correspond to the as built values. For this the required thickness is marked with a ">" character in the Info-File for the buckling criterion when there is a great deviation between the as built thickness and the required thickness.
For bulk carrier the safety factors for Sigma stresses (SS=) and for Tau stresses (ST=) are shown for the buckling criterion. When cutouts are found inside a plate field this is considered and indicated for the buckling criterion. If plates and profiles are checked for the ice class notation inside the ice belt, this is indicated in the row for the S (Shell) design criterion. The angle between waterline and the X-axis is not considered in the calculation of the scantlings.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No and F/A X: (1+av) Factors: SW BM hogg. sagg. Design BM hogg. sagg. SW SF Factor for the still water bending in hogging condition Factor for the still water bending in sagging condition Factor for the design bending in hogging condition Factor for the design bending in sagging condition Frame No. and direction for this table. These fields are no input fields. X coordinate of the frame. The value of this field results from the frame table and Frame No. av = acceleration factor in accordance with Construction Rules for Seagoing Steel Ships, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 4, C1
Design SF
Explanation of the input fields (table) Func.Ele. Item Attributes Identifies the functional element or member. The description given as Item is displayed here Additional attributes. CV, CH FB, HP, L, T, XT C XT lku,lko Swedges Type of Profile for transversely framed plates. Struts at profile For web frames Reduction of the unsupported length for the beginning (lku) and for the end (lko) of the stiffener.
Y coordinate of the load centre in [mm]. Z coordinate of the load centre in [mm]. Frame spacing. This value is preceded by a T in case of transversely framed plate. Unsupported length. Dialog-box. In this field, all Design Criteria that are to be taken into consideration during sizing are listed. The sizing is carried out for all Design Criteria. Several Design Criteria can be given in any order or by using the dialog-box. See also Definition of Design Criteria. Minimum required detail category for welded joints in component. The detail category is determined considering global hull girder bending stresses as well as local bending stresses at the end of the component (for plates: at connection with transverse member). The load cases acc. Section 20, Table 20.1 are considered Stresses from the vertical bending of the ships hull. The stresses are calculated for 100% wave forces and moments. The design stresses as well as the stresses resulting from the Still water forces and moments can be found by multiplication with the relevant factors given above. Shogg Stresses from hogging moments Ssagg Stresses from sagging moments Tau Reh Shear stress from vertical shear force Yield stress of material
Dcat
Stresses
Dimensions of the plate/profile as given. Required dimensions in accordance with GL Construction Rules Indicates the assessment of the actual member whereby the following assessments are possible: ++ (blue) more than 3% oversized + (green) between 0% and 3% oversized - (green) between -3% and 0 % undersized, but inside allowed tolerances. -- (red) undersized # (magenta) Member is not sized due to an error. Check the "info file" for this member to get further details. The "Show-button" is available in the main row of a member. This button initiates that all plates and profiles of the selected functional element are recalculated and the results are shown graphically.
The Calc-button is available in the additional rows and recalculates just this line. Error / Inf Indicates the number of errors and notes for this member which have been found during the Rules ChecK command. Use the command show corresponding sections to show a table with the corresponding sections of GL Rules for all notes, errors and considered sections. The highlighted links can be used to show the corresponding text of GL Rules.
A # symbols in the column assessment indicates that POSEIDON has stopped the sizing for a partial member due to indefinite loading, sizing criteria or measurements. This has to be checked and must be corrected.
Note:
Explanation of the input fields (additionally for option "Use FE Stresses")) Stresses for from FE analysis. For load case "maxcase" the loadcase with the max. v.Mises stresses is considered. FE-SigX: FE-SigY: FE-Tau: v.Mises: stresses vertical to the I-J edge at the centre of the element. stresses parallel to the I-J edge at the centre of the element. shear stress equivalent stresses at the centre of the element.
Stresses for buckling calculation from FE analysis. For load case "maxcase" the load case with the highest utilisation factor from the element buckling check is considered. The stresses are normal stresses, calculated directly from the node deformations. FE-X1: FE-Y1: FE-X2: FE-Y2: FEb-Tau: FE-Util: Additional Commands Calculate geometric properties All lines on /off Display on/off for the generated plate subdivision or individual profile on a member. normal stress in longitudinal direction of the ship at "start of plate" normal stress in the direction of the plate with in the cross-section at "start of plate" normal stress in longitudinal direction of the ship at "end of plate" normal stress in the direction of the plate with in the cross-section at "end of plate" shear stress utilisation factor from the element buckling check
With the setting "All lines off" (the default setting), the maximum dimensions and the centre of loading are displayed for one member in one row. In the row, the scantlings as built can be changed. With the setting All lines on, rows for the partial structures of the members are displayed under the rows of the member. These rows begin with ==> and are numbered. Here, the local scantlings, stresses and Design Criteria are displayed. In these rows, the following can be changed: - local centre of loading with x, y values - spacing of the partial structures or profile with dx, dy values - local Design Criteria and loadings - Yield stress of the material (Reh) Accept calculated values The values "scantlings as built" are transferred to the tables of "3. Hull Structure" in the corresponding as built fields. Recalculates/ resizes all members. In this, - section moduli, moments of inertia and shear distribution of the transverse section are recalculated with the as built values, - the local stresses are assumed, and, - the members are completely resized. There is a menu for the calculation and it contains the following alternatives: - as built=max(required,t,as built) During the calculation, the largest value out the fields: scantlings as required, scantlings as built, t (section Hull Structure, Plate-/Stiffener - Arrangement), is assumed for the as built dimensions. - as built=max(required,t) During the calculation, the largest value out the fields: scantlings as required, t (section Hull Structure, Plate-/Stiffener - Arrangement), is assumed for the as built dimensions. - as built=required During the calculation, the value out the field: scantlings as required, is assumed in the values scantlings as built. Show corresponding sections . Use this command to show a table with the corresponding sections of GL Rules for all notes, errors and considered sections for the selected member. The highlighted links can be used to show the corresponding text of GL Rules.
5.1.5. Masses
This section shows a detailed overview for the calculated masses, surfaces of tanks and lengths of welding. The mask shows the results from the last calculation of scantlings for the selected cross-section. The calculation of length of welding is still under development. All frames, for which a scantling has been made, are shown in this table. calculation
Notes:
The masses for longitudinal members are calculated at the given "Frame No" only. A linear, straight course in the longitudinal (X-) direction is assumed. Transverse members are calculated at the selected frame with mean frame spacing from the spacing to aft and forward. The weight of transverse bulkheads is given in absolute tons.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No and F/A X: (1+av) Frame No. and direction for this table. These fields are no input fields. X coordinate of the frame. The value of this field results from the frame table and Frame No. av = acceleration factor in accordance with Construction Rules for Seagoing Steel Ships, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 4, C1
Explanation of the input fields (table) Func.Ele.; Item Attributes Identifies the respective member. The description given as Item is displayed here, although in abbreviated from. Additional attributes. For stiffeners with end connection B or BF the dimensions of brackets are shown here (in red, if the values are not in accordance to the rules). The required values can be obtained by using the "calc" command. Y coordinate of the centre of loading in [mm]. Z coordinate of the centre of loading in [mm]. for floor plates only: bulkheads for girders: unsupported length between the longitudinal
for floor plates: floor plate spacing a l Compartment + Load Design Criteria: Listing of all Design Criteria that are to be taken into consideration during the sizing. The sizing is carried out for all Design Criteria. Several Design Criteria can be carried out in any order or by using the dialog-box. See also Definition of Design Criteria. stat.,dynam.,p2 Loadings for sizing (static,dynamic, p2) in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 4 Reh Scantlings as built Scantlings required Yield stress of materials (see section GLFRAME, Geometric Properties) Dimensions of the plate / of the profile as given. Required dimensions in accordance with the selected Construction Rules Stiffener spacing Unsupported length.
Note:
If # symbols are displayed in the column scantlings, POSEIDON has broken off the sizing for a partial structure of an element/ of a plate due to indefinite loadings, sizing criteria or measurements. This is to be checked and corrected
Additional Commands All lines on /off Display on/off for the generated plate subdivision or individual profile on a member. With the setting "All lines off" (the default setting), the maximum dimensions and the centre of loading are displayed for one member in one row. In the row, the scantlings as built can be changed. With the setting All lines on, rows for the partial structures of the members are displayed under the rows of the member. These rows begin with ==> and are numbered. Here, the local dimensions, stresses and Design Criteria are displayed. In these rows, the following can be changed: - local centre of loading with x, y values - spacings of the partial structures or profile with dx, dy values - local Design Criteria and loadings - Yield stress of the material (Reh) Accept calculated values The values "scantlings as built" are transferred to the tables of "3. Hull Structure" in the corresponding as built fields. Accept is not allowed while using a Reference Frame No.
Explanation of the input fields Frame No: Switch to a different frame by entering the Frame No. or an expression for it. By double clicking the left mouse button on the field, the user can choose from the described frames. The frame X coordinate divided by the ships length. The program automatically calculates this value. Moment of inertia of the transverse section about the horizontal axis in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. Factor for max shear stresses in this section. Distance between the neutral axis of the frame transverse section and the deck at side in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. Z-Co-ord. of the lower edge of the lower Flange.
Z co-ord Bottom
Y co-ord. Top Z co-ord. Top k Top k Bottom Cs Rules Fact. in Harb. C. Cs hogg. actual Cs sagg. actual Sigma p-D' Sigma p-B Tau p Tau L
Distance of the upper edge of the continuous longitudinal member from centreline. Distance of the upper edge of the continuous longitudinal member from base line. Material factor k in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 2 for the upper flange. Material factor k in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 2 for the lower flange Factor Cs in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 5 Reduction factor for the total bending moment (harbor condition) Actual Factor Cs in hogging condition in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 5.C.1.1. Actual Factor Cs in sagging condition in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 5.C.1.1. Maximum bending stresses p-D' at Deck or coaming in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.C.1 Maximum bending stresses p-B at Bottom in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.C.1. Maximum shear stresses in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.C.6. Maximum shear stresses in accordance with Construction Rules Section 5.D.1.
Existing section modulus at deck or fictitious deck section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. Existing section modulus at bottom section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. required section modulus at deck or fictitious deck section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5. required section modulus at bottom section modulus in accordance with Construction Rules I, Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 5.
Seagoing Condition Bending moment max , min Shear force max , min maximum and minimum shear force maximum and minimum bending moment
Harbor Condition
[Hz]
= t Mat +
i =1
+ padd
l a t E
nl ,na
plate length plate breadth plate thickness Young's modulus Poisson's ratio order of natural frequencies mass per area additional mass per area density of material density of liquid for hydrodynamic mass reduction factor hydrodynamic mass for partly wetted plate field
p
padd Mat
Liq,i partTk,i
partTk,i
d 1 2d + sin 1 l 2 l
wetted area l d
cutout cutout
Stiffener The formula is derived from the differential equation of the beam
= =
E profil 2 l2 q
[Hz]
2
( A + t a ) Mat +
i =1
+ padd a
l a A t
stiffener length distance of stiffener area of stiffener plate thickness moment of inertia Young's modulus reduction factor for unsymmetrical profiles (L-bar : 0.85 , HP : 0.95) factor for order of natural frequencies = 1.00 for 1.order, simply supported = 4.00 for 2.order, simply supported = 2.267 for 1.order, fixed ends = 6.248 for 2.order, fixed ends
E
profil
q
lhyd
The dimension and loading values can be modified only in sub rows.
Additional Commands
Calculate geometric properties All lines on /off Display on/off for the generated plate subdivision or individual profile on a member.
With the setting "All lines off" (the default setting), the lowest frequency for a plate is displayed. With the setting All lines on, rows for the partial structures of the members are displayed under the rows of the member. These rows begin with ==> and are numbered. Here, the local natural frequencies are displayed. In these rows, the following can be changed: - local scantlings - density of the liquied - additional mass
Date/Time frD' frB Warning Error Max. Det.Cat.: Number of insufficient Members Direct calc. Perf.
The date/time of the last performed calculation. ratio of the existing section moduli to the required at the position eD' (deck or coaming level) ratio of the existing section moduli to the required at the position eB' (bottom level) number of warnings during the calculation number of errors during the calculation maximum required detail category for plates and stiffeners of the hull girder.
Mark this field to indicate that an additional direct calculation has been performed. (e.g. a grillage or FE Analysis for a cargo hold, global analysis etc.) max. usage factor capacity check An explanatory description as a text can be entered in order to comment the results.
5.6. Stress
In this section, all stresses of the calculated cross-section are shown.
SWmax SWmin
The stresses can be plotted with the show button in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
The stresses marked in Red Blue Dashed are the max. stresses for the calculation of scantlings are the max. stresses for buckling calculation are the max. stresses for fatigue calculation
The stresses can be plotted with the show button in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
Func.Ele. Y Z
entries used for all structural elements bi, bj li, lj ti, tj radi, radj breath of single plate field at sides i and j [mm] unsupported length of single plate field at sides i and j [mm] thickness of single plate field at sides i and j [mm] radius of single plate field at sides i and j [mm]
additional entries used for structural elements HC3 and HC4 bk lk tk breath of single plate field at side k [mm] unsupported length of single plate field at side k [mm] thickness of single plate field at side k [mm]
additional entries used for structural element HC4 bl ll tl breath of single plate field at side [mm] unsupported length of single plate field at side l [mm] thickness of single plate field at side l [mm]
additional entries used for structural element PS Profile Type hw tw bf tf Reh type of attached stiffener height of the stiffener [mm] thickness of the web of the stiffener [m] breadth of the flange the stiffener [mm] thickness of the flange of the stiffener [mm] minimum yield stress of all attached members of the structural element [N/mm]
The capacity check calculates also the ultimate vertical shear force capacities of the hull crosssection for seagoing and flooded condition. The usage factors are displayed in the info file. For further information see also GL Rules I-1-5, Chapter 5, Section 8.3.
Note
5.7.2. Results
The command Rules check sizes a frame according to the Construction Rules. In the dialog-box Options the capacity check can be used. The capacity check calculates the ultimate bending capacities of the hull cross-section for seagoing and flooded condition in hogging and sagging condition. The usage factors
| M SW + US = |
WV * M WV
cS MU |
| 1 and US f =
| M SWf +
0,8 * WV * M WV | cS 1 M Uf | |
are displayed in the info file. For further information see also GL Rules I-1-5, Chapter 5, Section 8.
!Note
The maximum still water bending moments MSW and MSWf are taken out of 4.5.1 and 4.5.3.. The vertical wave bending moment MWV is taken out of 4.5.4.1.
6. Utilisation
6.1. Thickness Measurement for Longitudinal Members
6.1.1. Longitudinal Plates
This section can be used to enter measured thickness values. A new calculation for the determination of required scantlings can be made, whereby the cross-section values are based on the measured thickness. A thickness measurement is identified by the date of the measurement.
Explanation of the input fields (headings) Frame No: Measure Date Frame Number. Date of the measurement. This field is used to identify a measurement
tk (mm)
tk (%) measur. Min req tk (mm) delta tk usage factor, ultimate str.
corrosion allowance (as built) in [%] thickness measured in [mm] minimum required thickness based on measured thicknesses corrosion allowance (actual) in [mm] delta corrosion allowance : 1 (tk(actual) / tk(as built)) usage factor, ultimate strength mode The printed values are the maximum values from ultimate strength as defined below and the inverse safety factors regarding buckling acc. Section 3.F of the GL-Rules. The usage factor regarding strength are calculated on the basis of the following equation:
R
R
R eH
Fst
Fdyn
actions due to static loads (i.e. bending moment, shear forces, etc.) actions due to dynamic loads (i.e. bending moment, shear forces, etc.) acc. GL Rules. For dynamic loads resulting from external sea pressure the probability level for plates is used in general.
fst
fdyn
partial safety factor for static actions partial safety factor for dynamic actions
1,5 2, 0
1, 05 1, 4
load case for service conditions load case for extreme conditions (tank testing, compartment flooding)
usage factor for fatigue referring to stress ranges for the as built condition (see section 20 of the GL Rules) based on the no of stress cycles N given in section 1.1 "Options" of "PoseidonND"
Remarks
additional comments. The remark m is generated for members with a given value for measured t.
Additional Commands
Show Shows the cross-section labeled with one of the following selectable column values. These labeling can also be shown in the pre-view. DCat detail category. as built/min.Req. req. thickness without corrosion for as built values as built/ tk corrosion allowance according to section 3.K for as built values measured/min.Req. req. thickness without corrosion for measured values measured/ tk corrosion allowance according to section 3.K for as measured values measured/t column with the measured thickness. measured/t input as above, but only values which have been entered before are shown measured/ delta tk delta corrosion allowance for measured values us. fact. strength usage factor for strength mode us. fact.fatigue usage factor, fatigue mode remarks column remarks
The following color code is used for delta tk: Green for values > 0.5 Red for values > 0.75 for tk < 0 Determines the required scantlings, whereby the cross-section values are based on the measured thickness. Import of measured thickness. For a description of the file format see also Import of Thickness Measurement Data. The imported data is first displayed in a separate grid. Use the merge command to combine the measurement points with the POSEIDON model.
6.1.5. Overview
Actual cross-section values based on the measured thickness.
Additional Commands
Show See section Thickness Measurement for Longitudinal
6.2.1. Plates
Same description as for Longitudinal Plates on page 136
6.2.2. Stiffeners
Same description as for Longitudinal Plates on page 136
6.3.1. Plates
Same description as for Longitudinal Plates on page 136
6.3.2. Stiffeners
Same description as for Longitudinal Plates on page 136
6.3.3. Girders
Same description as for Longitudinal Plates on page 136
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Copy FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152 Copies a complete model parameter set
The latter parameter describes the way in which stiffeners are modeled. All parameters may vary over the length of the ship, i.e. different values may be defined per individual frame. Furthermore, it is possible to specify different areas of parameters at the same longitudinal position. For the mesh generation, the following principles apply. If for a certain frame no values are not specified, then the values from the previous frame will be used instead. If those values have not been given either, then the values from next frame are adopted. If this table is empty, global default values will be used. The same defaults are used as initial values anytime a new row is created. In general, it is always recommended to start with those default values and to change them only if required. The preview window shows the arrangement of nodes as defined by this table.
2 The model is created using Shell Elements. Stiffeners will be modelled either as Truss Elements on existing PSEs if they lie on an edge or by increasing the stiffness of the PSE in the longitudinal direction of the stiffener otherwise. 3 Plates are modelled as Shell Elements. Nodes are generated for the trace curves of the stiffeners and the stiffeners are modelled as Beam Elements. 4 Plates are modelled as Shell Elements. Stiffener webs are modelled in the same way as plates, i.e. they are composed of Shell Elements. The flange is modelled as Truss Element. Fact. This Value means how many stiffeners are collected at one FE node. Special factor 1 means that nodes, generated from the y-z frame table are ignored, when no other edge is situated on this node. With this mode a more "roughly" FE-model will be generated.
Notes: 1. In the current version, the values, which are entered last, are valid for the whole model. All previously given values will be changed as soon as <ENTER> or one of the commands SHOW or PLOT is issued. In general Mode 4 is used for detailed models only
2.
Area of parameters. Several rows can be used to define different sets of parameter values within the same transverse section. For each longitudinal position, the first row specifies the limits, which cannot be exceeded by any of the following boxes. If some of the box domains overlap, always the last definition applies. The principle is illustrated by the following figure, in which visibility is equivalent to validity of the set of parameters.
All fields are assigned AUTO as default value, being equivalent to the numeric maximum and minimum value, respectively, taken from the geometry of the transverse section. min. l Minimum edge length [mm]. Shorter edges will be merged. Cross sectional area lost in this process will be compensated by truss elements. Default value is 350 [mm] max l Maximum edge length [mm]. All edges longer than this value will be split up and new nodes will be introduced. The corresponding coordinates are derived from the geometry of the underlying functional element. Default value is 2000 [mm] Cutouts Mode Check-box, if checked the cutouts will be considered as cutouts on the elements (default) otherwise the elements will be ignored if the overlapped area of the cutout and the element is higher as the given ratio Ratio of the overlapping area of the cutout and the element.
Ratio
is equal to 3 or 4 respectively.
Consideration of Cutouts
POSEIDON checks for each 4-node element if it overlaps any cutout. If a cutout overlaps an element two different methods are available: Mode is checked (default): The element is described with a corresponding cutout as an attribute. GLFRAME reduces the thickness for such elements for the calculation of the deflections, whereby for the stress calculation the cutout is ignored. The element will be completely ignored if the reminding thickness is less than 25% of the original thickness or less than 1 mm. Mode is not checked. All elements with a higher overlapping ratio as given for the ratio-parameter will be ignored.
POSEIDON tries to move nodes to the edge of the cutout first, which gives a more accurate elementation around cutouts, especially for large cutouts.
Note: For the elementation around cutouts in longitudinal members the following conditions have to considered: length of cutout > max l as given above, and length of cutout > Step or intermediate Step, respectively, see Generate FE Model on page 151 The Cutout has to be divided by a minimum of one generation step in vertical and horizontal direction. See figures below:
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152
In this way constrained partial models can be calculated independently from the overall structural model. Each plane is uniquely defined by a coordinate axis, which is normal to the plane and a distance from the origin along that axis.
Note: Only the half thickness of plates is used for plates, if they lie in the same plane as the boundary section. If a boundary condition is defined twice, this condition will be generated in the FE model twice too.
X-Start
Y-Z plane (hull girder cross section) 2 Nodal forces in separate load groups acting on the hull cross-section according to the stress distribution for the relevant direction. For the XX-direction nodal forces according to St.Vernant torsional stress distribution are calculated. 3 Prescribed unit displacement for the relevant direction. 0.001 m for translatory degrees of freedom. Unit forces according warping stress distribution for the XX-direction 0,01 rad for the YY- and ZZ-direction 9 Degree of freedom is fixed in the corresponding plane. Note: Prescribed displacements eliminate the relevant degree of freedom. X, Y, Z Translatory degrees of freedom XX, YY, ZZ Boundary Value: Rotational degrees of freedom
Stiffness of the boundary elements in the FE model. This value will be used for all boundary conditions of this line.
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152
7.4. Loads
This is a tabbed form for the definition of how to generate loads for the finite element model. POSEIDON generates a separate set of load data into a separate load group for each load type defined in this section. The load groups are listed under menu item 10 of GLFRAME. Global load cases have to be defined by the user.
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152
Frame No forward:
Note:
The ends of the loading (frame number aft and forward) have to be located on a generation position as described under Generate FE Model on page 151
vertical static
heeled to Portside Starboard Check-box, for acceleration loads to portside Check-box, for acceleration loads to starboard side
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152
Note:
All stack loads are calculated for an assumed weight of 100kN for each container. Use the load factor table of GLFRAME to adjust to the actual existing stack weight
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model
Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. For further description see also Generate FE Model on page 152
Input fields
From To Step
Notes:
Start of the range, frame position as defined in section 3.1. (cf. Notes and Examples). End of the range, frame position as defined in section 3.1. (cf. Notes and Examples). Series of Spacing in the X-Direction.
1. If the from frame position is defined with an offset value, then the same offset applies to any frame position defined by a or<b>a respectively. 2. Finite elements will be generated for the end frame position of the domain in any case, even if that position doesnt match chosen step size. 3. Finite Elements lying in the plane of the start frame or end frame respectively are generated having half the thickness of the original plate. This is because the boundary conditions reflect a continuation of the model symmetric with respect to that plane. 4. The definition of the x-ranges (the lines in the table) has to be given always in the order which corresponds to the X-direction aft to forward.
Examples:
Fehler! Es ist nicht mglich, durch die Bearbeitung von Feldfunktionen Objekte zu erstellen.
Intermediate Steps Same Syntax as for Step. If this value is given POSEIDON generates additional cross-section. The difference to locations given by steps is, that X-co-ordinates which are near by the intermediate frames can be moved to the intermediate frames.
Other fields
x-coord. X-coordinate corresponding to start of the generation domain From. This value cannot be edited. If, for a certain start position no coordinate value can be obtained from the frame table this is indicated by '*****'.
Additional Commands
Generate FE Model
Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. A dialog-box presents some options to be selected.
Include All Transverse Members All transverse members, which do not apply to a defined generation step as defined here will be generated, otherwise they are ignored. Corrosion Addition (tcorr50) The cargo hold model will be generated in accordance with CSR-OT or CSR-BC
7.6.2. Results
Note:
The given pressure value relates only to the load group. The resulting pressure value of the finite element has to be multiplied with the load factors of the global load case.
In this section the adjustment of the global load cases will be done. The sectional forces and moments at the forward and aft end of the cargo hold model are applied so that the hull girder bending represents the target hogging or sagging scenario and the sums of forces and moments have to be zero for a full balanced model. The generated finite element model including the unit load groups and the not adjusted global load cases is necessary for the adjustment. The table of this section is empty after opening. The data of this table are significant values of each load group for each global load case. POSEIDON prepares the data for the adjustment by using the wizard command. This has to be done first. The adjustment is calculated by using the additional commands. After the adjustment the calculated load group factors for the relevant load group of the global load case can be seen in the row Factor.
Additional Commands
All lines on /off All on means that all lines shown, whereby with all off only the lines with a factor not equal 0 zero are shown (except boundary condition). Wizard command for reading in the FE-loads and preparing the loads for adjustment. During the process POSEIDON needs the information if a half model with symmetry a centreline is used and the distance of neutral axis to base line.
Deletes the actual table. This is only necessary, if another finite element model is to be adjusted or the current model should be read in a second time. Get a global load case for adjustment (a box is displayed to select the load case) Adjust the global load case. Therefore POSEIDON needs the target values for vertical shear force and bending moment (stillwater and dynamic part) and the frame position where these values should be fulfilled. The target zero crossing for the shear forces on the half model length is usually given by the internal forces and needs no adjustment (empty fields in the example).
Copy the calculated load group factors of the global load case to GLframe Shows an overview about actual and target values of adjusted global load cases Shows an overview about longitudinal strength data of the global load case After adjusting of the global load cases save the GLframe file in the bmf-format (named e.g. Project_UnitLoad.bmf). This file is necessary to reproduce the adjusted global load cases. For solving the FE-model prepare a second bmf-file. There all unused unit load cases have to be deleted in GLframe. to delete all unit load cases. Now, the Switch to GLframe section 4.5 and use the additional command finite element model including the adjusted global load cases can be saved (named e.g. Project_GloLC) and solved.
Note: The task of generating and adjusting a FE- model takes some time. If the available memory of the 32bit Version of POSEIDON is not sufficient, the 64bit version of POSEIDON can be started with the relevant POX-file and the cargo hold model imported to adjust and solve the model.
Additional Commands
Using this command plots of longitudinal strength data of selected global load cases are printed
9. FE Program GLFRAME
9.1. General
GLFRAME is a linear FE program for the calculation of two- and three-dimensional structures. It calculates deflections, reacting forces and moments as well as stresses. The input data can be entered directly in comfortable grids. A lot of checks regarding formal and logical correctness are made automatically. For documentation various plot routines are available. Other GLFRAME characteristics are: beams with various sections, i.e. complete ship sections with calculation of moments of inertia and section modulus, automatic search for maximum stresses in beams, plane stress elements (3 and 4 nodes) or shell elements with 6 active degrees of freedom per node with automatic buckling evaluation and optional stiffeners, truss elements, hinges, spring elements, nodal loads, beam loads, plane loads, dead weights, sparse matrix solver, supporting multi-processors. pre- and postprocessor for grillages, calculation of free vibrations, initial strains and stresses for truss elements prescribed displacements of nodes. calculation in time steps with equilibrium iteration spring elements with nonlinear stiffness trusses with nonlinear materials geometric nonlinear trusses and beams
The first four materials are given by default and should normally not be changed. Add a new line if necessary instead.
Density of the material. Yield stress of the material. Angle between n-direction of material and I-J-edge of element
s n I J
t = cross product n x s E-mod.: Poissons Ratio: Temperature: Expansions Coeff.: G-Modulus: Young's-modulus in n- s- or t-direction Poisson's ratio of the material in ns-, nt- or st-plane Temperature of the following material data thermal expansion coefficient in n-, s- or t-direction G-modulus of the material
9.1.4. Elementgroups
GLFRAME supports a subdivision in element groups for the element types beam, PSE, shell, boundary and truss. Element groups are identified by names (numbers are also names). The information mask for elementgroups can be activated from the element masks or from the plot mask.
One input line is shown for each elementgroup. The mask shows the name of the element groups and the number of elements for each group (without generated elements). The name < > is a special name of the first (initial) element group which always exists and whose name cannot be changed. The name of all other groups can be changed directly in this mask. Groups can be joined together by selecting the lines and using the command "join". A elementgroup, and all elements of that elementgroup, can be deleted with the "delete" command for the selected row(s).
Degree of freedom:
Four nodes shall be generated in an equal distance between node 1 and node 11. The generation is described in the input line of node 1 with 'Step' = 2 and 'Dest' = 11. The nodes 3, 5, 7 and 9 are generated by this input. The generated nodes will be provided with the degrees of freedom of the first node. The generation parameters are displayed in red if they are not valid, e.g. the node given in the column 'Dest.' has to be described. It is permitted that the node of destination itself is a generated node.
Additional commands
Generate Nodes : This command generates the nodes which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. This command moves the coordinates by dx,dx and dz of all nodes which are inside the given range of coordinates described by Xmin-Xmax, Ymin-Ymax and Zmin-Zmax. This command copies all nodes in the range from <First Node> number to <Last Node> number. The first copied node gets the node number <Target Node>. The nodes can also be moved in X-,Y- and Z-direction
Move
Copy
using this command. Warning: It is not possible to overwrite an existing node. Interpolate This command inter-/extrapolates one ore more nodes between <First Node> and <Second Node> at the given locations for X, Y, Z or L, whereby L describes the length from node <First Node>. The first interpolated node gets the node number <Target Node>. All following node numbers will be incremented by <Node Increment>. Warning: It is not possible to overwrite an existing node. This command generates constant spaced nodes between <First Node Number> and <End Node Number>.
Between Nodes on Circular Arc: This command generates constant spaced nodes on arcs similar to Between Nodes on Line. Intersection of two Lines: This command generates a node on the intersection of two lines.
Intersection of Line and Plane: This command generates a node on the intersection of a line and a plane. Temperatures Shows / hides the column for the "Nodal Temperature"
Node number for node I and node J. Before starting the calculation the program checks whether the listed nodes exist. The position of the local (x, y, z) co-ordinate system in the global co-ordinate system (X,Y,Z). The local x-axis always extends from node I to J. Two possibilities are available for describing the local y-axis: 1. The local y-axis is located parallel to a global axis : -1 - parallel to global X-axis (+ direction) -2 - parallel to global Y-axis (+ direction) -3 - parallel to global Z-axis (+ direction) -4 - parallel to global X-axis (- direction) -5 - parallel to global Y-axis (- direction) -6 - parallel to global Z-axis (- direction) 2. Positive numbers are read as node number K. In this case, the local yaxis is situated in the plane which is described by the node I, J, K.
Section No.:
Section number of the beam. Different sections can be stated at the beginning and at the end of a beam. A rectilinear geometrical course of the beam between the two cross-sections is assumed. Sections of beams can be defined in any way (see section 5.) End releases at the nodes I and J. A 0 means that forces respectively moments are transmitted in the appropriate direction. A 1 means that no forces respectively moments are transmitted. The columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 specify the direction. 1 = local x-axis (longitudinal force) 2 = local y-axis (transverse force) 3 = local z-axis (transverse force) 4 = around local x-axis (torsional moment) 5 = around local y-axis (bending moment) 6 = around local z-axis (bending moment)
Endrel 1 2 3 4 5 6:
Step NoS:
Generating parameter. The increase (step) of node numbers is entered in the first input line. The increase is added to node I as well as to node J. The number of beams to be generated (Number of Step) is entered in the second input line. The beam number is continuously increased when generating. Distance of the end of the beam with enlarging (for x-direction) respectively infinitely great (for y- and z-direction) stiffness, measured from node I respective J. A positive value for y or z causes an offset in positive local direction (y/l and z/l should be 2 if PSEs are connected). Length of the beam. No input field. When node I and J are defined the length of the beam is calculated automatically.
Rigid ends:
Length:
The generation parameters are checked immediately. The program checks whether the generated node numbers are valid and whether an already existing beam has to be generated. The program marks the generation parameter in red if they are not valid. The node and cross-section numbers are automatically restricted without giving error information when leaving the permitted area. The highest permitted number can be determined easily using this restriction. For the calculations of dead weights for beams see Section 10, Load factors.
Special "in plane beams for beams generated by POSEIDON, CSR-OT module.
Normally Poseidon generates beams with a rigid ends for stiffeners on plates. The CSR for Oil Tanker to use in plane beams instead. For this the input table alters:
Additional commands
Copy : This command copies all beams in the range from <First Beam> to <Last Beam>. The first copied beam gets the number <Target Beam>. The node numbers are increased by <Node Increment>. If the beam element shall be copied to a different element group the name must be given in <Elementgroup>. : This command generates the beams which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all beams of all element groups are shown.
Generate Elements
All lines on
/off
Shell elements have stiffness in all translatory and rotatory degrees of freedom of its nodes. Hence they can be used for modeling membrane as well as bending stiffness. The following limitations apply:
Shell elements with 4 nodes may be slightly warped although the angle between opposite edges should not exceed 5. Only isotropic material is supported for shell elements. Thermic element loads and pressure on the (i-j)-edge as described in section Element Temperature and Pressure are not supported for shell elements.
Membrane elements (Plain Stress Elements, P.S.E.) have stiffness in two translatory degrees of freedom per node.
Membrane elements with 4 nodes may be warped although the angle between opposite edges should not exceed 30.
Type: Node: I J / K L
for n n c:
= >
1: 1:
a=0 a = (L -2*c) / (n - 1)
Distance of the first stiffener or centre of the first cutout from the I-J-edge. The distance c can be calculated with the "default" command from the context-menu (right-mouse button) according to the following formula: for n = 1: c=L n > 1: c = (L - (n-1) * a) / 2 L = Length of the I-J edge resp. Vertical to the I-J edge at node I number of stiffeners or cutouts Attention! n > 0 is required for the input of stiffeners and cutouts. description of stiffeners the type and the dimensions can be selected from a combo-box. The following stiffeners are possible (dimension mm): HP height * thickness FB (flatbar) height * thickness L (angle bar) web height* web thickness * flange width* *flange thickness T (girder) web height*web thickness * flange width * flange thickness Area Area in mm**2 O (cutouts) (D1 * D2) D1: length of cutout in direction of "a" D2: length of cutout vertical to D1
Note:
Cutouts with round edges are considered in the stiffness matrix of the element for rough mesh models. A fine mesh model is necessary for a detailed stress analyses.
Generation parameter. The increase of node numbers is entered in the column "Step" which is used to increase the node numbers (I, J, K, L). The number of surface elements to be generated is entered in column "NoS". The element number will increase continuously when new elements are being generated.
The generation parameters are checked immediately. The program checks whether the generated node numbers are valid and whether an already existing beam has to be generated. The program marks the generation parameter in red if they are not valid. The node and material numbers will automatically be restricted without any error message when leaving the permitted area.
Additional commands
Copy : This command copies all elements in the range from <First Element> to <Last Element>. The first copied element has the number <Target
Element>. The node numbers are increased by <Node Increment>. If the element shall be copied to a different element group the name must be given in <Elementgroup>. Generate Elements : This command generates the elements, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all elements of all element groups are shown. Shows / hides the column for the "Element Temperature and Pressure"
/off :
Temp: Press:
Temperature of the element for zero stress Normal pressure on the I-J-edge of the element
Gen.Par: Step NoS Generating parameter. The increase of node numbers is entered in the column "Step". The number of spring elements, which have to be generated, is entered in the column "NoS".
The node number will be restricted automatically without any error message when leaving the permitted area.
Additional commands
Generate Elements : This command generates the elements, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all elements of all element groups are shown.
All lines on
/off
Identification number of the actual cross-section. This field can be used for further description. Frame number. This field is used for additionally description only Material number of the reference material for the cross-section.
The usage of more than one material for one cross section is allowed, but the material number of the dominating material has to be given. This also applies to cross- sections with only one material Only linear isotropic materials are allowed in this section.
Note
Dimension
Dimensions of the plate or profile. The required format is also displayed in a tool-tip. For type Plate: plate width * plate thickness PlateR: radius*plate thickness*angle[deg] of the segment Cycle: Outer Diameter * Inner Diameter FB: height of profile * thickness HP: height of profile * thickness of bulb L: height of profile * thickness of web * width of flange*thickness of flange
T: Theta:
Turning angle. For Theta = 0 plates will extend in the positive y-direction and for Theta = 90 they will extend in the positive z-direction. Theta describes the beginning of the tangent (see also a) for cylinders respectively cylinder segments. For Theta = 0 the web height for profiles will extend along the positive y-direction and the frame spacing will extend along the z-axis. In case of a negative Theta, structural members are mirrored along the y-axis before turning. Use -360 for -0. number of profiles. It is also possible to enter a real number below 1.0 for corroded stiffeners. frame spacing for profiles. y- and z-co-ordinate dependent on T for plates: Beginning of the plate (moulding line). for profiles: base point of the profile. For a range of profiles the first is used. Dialog-box. Use this dialog to describe the end-point of a plate instead of entering values for breadth and theta. The end co-ordinates of the structural member can be entered in this dialog-box as follows: plates: Theta and width are calculated if y- and z-coordinates are given. If a plate name is given instead of co-ordinates, the intersection point with this named plate will be used as endpoint. In this case the program only needs one co-ordinate, which determines the intersection point. The proposed sign for "Theta" can be changed. plate with radius: Same possibilities as for Type 1, radius and opening angle will be given, Theta has to be known. profiles: The program needs the co-ordinate (Y-pos. and Zpos.) of the (first) base point of the profile. As for Type 1 it is possible to give both co-ordinates or one co-ordinate and the name of the plate on which the profile is located. Additionally the angle of the profile can be given absolute or relative to the moulded line of the plate. An input of "R90" (as proposed by the program) means a right-angled position on the neutral axis of the plate whereby the direction of the frame spacing gets the direction of the plate (a negative frame spacing might be necessary to cause this). It is also possible to mirror the profile against its moulded line (i.e. "R90"). To position the profile(s) on the opposite side of the plate the relative angle must be greater than 180 (i.e. R270). List-box for the symmetry designation. List-box. A unique number identifies the material. The list-box shows the complete material table. reduction factor for compressive stresses reduction factor for shear stresses
n: a ya, za:
(End of plate)
The calculation of the ultimate bending moments and/or shear forces is the only part where the Kapa values are used. See "Capacity of Section" on page 176.
Attributes
Dialog-box. Attributes serve to further describe the plate. At this time, the following attributes are supported:
NES NEB
NEX cutout
effWidth
(non-effective shear) The member has no influence on the vertical shear distribution. (non-effective bending) The member has no influence on the bending strength in the ship longitudinal direction. (non effective shear and bending) A combination of NES and NEB describes a cutout in the plate with c=distance form start of plate to start of cutout; dyz=length of cutout in the cross-section. Dy/L not implemented yet. effective widths are described by the four factors be/b, bi/b, bei/bi and bej/bj with: be = effective width of plate bei = effective width (beginning of plate) bej = effective width (end of plate) b = width of plate bi = distance between web and beginning of plate
Additional commands
Torsion box : Calculates the torsional moments of inertia for girders in double hull construction according to the following formula: b * h2 1 1 + t1 t 2 b, h, t1, t2 have to be given. IT =
Post-processor
: :
Use this command to produce plots for all or any given selection of the described cross-sections, which can be selected in a dialog-box. Places a window over the section and copies all structural members, situated within this window, in a new section. After input of this command the program proposes a free section number and the min/max values of the window. (The program proposes a window being situated above the whole section). The copied structural members will be added to this section if the proposed section number is changed into an already existing one. Structural members, which are partly situated within the window, are automatically 'cut-off'. Concerning profiles, the base has to be situated within a window. Concerning cylinders respectively cylinder segments the initial and the final point have to be situated within the window. This command can also be activated from the context-menu (right-mouse-click) of the preview. In this case the window can be dragged with the mouse. This command searches for a free section number.
::
Description of mask
cross-section number check this field before overriding the calculated values area of cross-section shear area in local y-direction resp. in z-direction moment of inertia around the x-, y-, z-axis minimun torsional section moduli maximun torsional section moduli section moduli at Zmin section moduli at Zmax section moduli at Ymin section moduli at Ymax Density of material for the base material. E-Module for the base material. G-Module for the base material.
If the values are entered manually, it has to be verified that all values are correct and that the field "lock results" is marked. GLFRAME needs all values for the calculation.
Green for values < 950 Red for values above 950
Green for values < 95% Red for values above 95%
Description of mask
cross-section number Load case identification number X : Normal force Y : Shear force in Y-direction Z : Shear force in Z-direction YY : Bending moment around the Y-axis ZZ : Bending moment around the Z-axis XX : Torsional moment
Moments:
Warping Shear flow: Bi-Mom: Results max. Sig. v. maximum von Mises stress inside the cross section
V = +
2 2
Shear flow (secondary shear stress not yet implemented) Bi-Moment which creates warping stresses
max US
Description of mask
Additional commands
Recalculate All lines on /off : This command recalculates the capacity of the section If "on" is selected all existing plates and profiles are shown
Show summary
The items 2 and 3 are not available for CSR-OT models (there are no rigid-end values available)
Description of mask
The results correspond to the results of Summary of Sections on page 173 and Geometric Properties on page 173
9.3.8. Report
In this section a report of cross sections can be generated. The tables and plots will be inserted into the report document by marking the relevant items. The report document will be saved as a RTF-file in the actual folder.
Note: The values in the grid are not saved. In order to insert the page numbers into the report document, please mark the whole document with CTRL-A and press F9.
Plot Input With Plate Thickness: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled with plate thickness and without profiles). Plot Input With Profiles: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled without plate thickness but with profiles.
Plot Input With Plate Thickness: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled with plate thickness but with profiles). Plot Input With Plate Thickness: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section (labelled with plate thickness but with profiles). Shear Stress Distr. in Z-Dir: Shear Stress Distr. in Y-Dir: Shear Stress Distr. Torsion: Plot Omega Distribution: Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with shear stress distribution in Z-Direction. Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with shear stress distribution in Y-Direction. Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with shear stress distribution torsion. Mark this box to insert a plot of the section with omega distribution.
Additional commands
Generate Report Use this command to generate the report.
9.4. Loads
9.4.1. Nodal loads
Additional commands
Generate Elements : This command generates the loads, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all loads of all load groups are shown.
All lines on
/off
Additional commands
All lines on /off : If "on" is selected all prescribed displacements of all load groups are shown.
1.
2.
c<0 To figure two individual loads, the distance c has to be entered negatively.
3.
line load
c>0 The beam is only loaded with the share of load which is situated within the length L of the beam.
Additional commands
Generate Elements : This command generates the loads, which are described by the generation parameters of the current row. It is also possible to use this command for a selection, e.g. for the complete table. If "on" is selected all loads of all load groups are shown.
All lines on
/off
Name:
Additional commands
All lines on /off : If "on" is selected all loads of all load groups are shown.
In each input line one load group is attached to the global load cases through any factor. In each column there is one global load case. It is possible to enter names for load groups as well as for the global load cases. For the calculations of dead weights GLFRAME supports three special load groups. Dead W. X This load group contains the masses for all elements. Corresponding nodal loads will be calculated for the global X-direction if this load group is activated. This load group contains the masses for all elements. Corresponding nodal loads will be calculated for the global Y-direction if this load group is activated. This load group contains the masses for all elements. Corresponding nodal loads will be calculated for the global Z-direction if this load group is activated.
Dead W. Y
Dead W. Z
The specific weights for beams are given by the material of the used cross-section, for PSE- and truss elements by material of the elements. The described dead weights above will be multiplied with the entered load factors. For the dead-weight calculations see also material density for beams and PSEs. For beams only the length between the rigid ends is taken into account.
Additional commands
Delete GLC Copy GLC : : Select the global load case, which should be deleted. All factors of the column of the global load case are set to '0'. Copies the factors from one global load case <Loadcase> into the global load case <Target Loadcase>. Each value will be multiplied with <Factor>. The factors of global load case <First Loadcase> and <Second Loadcase> are added by this command. The result is stored in load case <Target Loadcase>.
Join
Add Deadweight
The load group for the calculation of dead weights is generated by this command. Select the direction: Direction = 1 for the global X-direction. (2= Y,3= Z)
: :
The global load case for the calculations of masses (to calculate eigenfrequencies) is generated by this command. Creates one load group (UNIT LOADS) and 6 load cases (UNIT LC X .. UNIT LC ZZ) with load group factor 1 in this group. to allow the calculation of unit loads. If these data are defined, GLFRAME automatically creates unit loads for the associated degrees of freedom and therefore it is not necessary for the user to define nodal loads for all unit loads.
9.5. Results
Additional commands
Filter Store/Add deflection : Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. These commands adds or stores deflections of a calculated nonsymmetric system. For a symmetric system with non-symmetric loads, the degrees of freedom have to be described as boundary elements at the symmetry line. The symmetric as well as the non-symmetric system must have the same degrees of freedom (equations). The calculation starts with the symmetric constraints, the deflections are stored using the "Store deflection" command. Then the non-symmetric system is calculated. Using the "Add deflection" command does the overlay of both systems. If "on" is selected all load cases are shown.
All lines on
/off
Additional commands
Filter All lines on /off : Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. If "on" is selected all load cases are shown.
Note:
The results are given in the local coordinate systems of the beams.
Additional commands
Filter All lines on /off : Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. If "on" is selected all load cases are shown.
Sigvxyy = Sigvxzz =
At centre of each edge, normal stresses are calculated from the node deflections. Remark: using PSEs with orthotropic material and different expansion coefficients for n-, s- and t-directions this stresses are not available.
2. stresses at element centre: = # shear: Smin, Smax: Beta: Maximum v. Mises: v. Mises C: Utilisation Factor: I-J: stresses parallel to the I-J-edge at the centre of the element I-J: stresses vertical to the I-J-edge at the centre of the element simultaneously operating shear stresses principal stresses in the centre of the element angle between the first principal stress and the I-J-edge maximum values of the equivalent stress at the centre of the element and at the centre of each edge. Equivalent stress at the centre of the element Utilisation factor of the element. This factor considers: - The above Maximum v. Mises value. - The critical buckling stresses for simple supported plate fields according to GL rules. The buckling calculations are made for an idealized rectangular plate, which matches best the geometry of the element. For stiffened plates, each field described by the stiffeners is checked. The program calculates the critical buckling loads at the stiffeners respectively at the element edges from the normal stresses at the edges. Also the shear stress is considered.
Note:
The utilisation factors for non-rectangular elements are only approximated values. The maximum value of all checks for one element is displayed. A value > 1 indicates an overloaded element.
Additional commands
Dialog-box. Several options to filter the results of the table are displayed in a dialog-box. Displays columns with Max. v Mises and Utilisation. factor acc. GL
Additional commands
Show Lambda acc. CSR-OT Displays columns with yield utilisation factor acc. CSR-OT.
For further details for the membrane stresses see also Stresses in Plane Elements. On the second line bending stresses at the centres of all edges and at the element centre are shown (the order is given in the table header). The given values contain no membrane stress contribution and refer to the top of the element. (The cross product of the vector from node i to node j and the vector from node i to node k points to the top side of the element.)
The total stress at the topside of the element is hence given by the sum of the membrane part (first row) and the bending part (second row). The total stress at the bottom side of the element is given by the difference of the membrane part and the bending part.
In the columns marked by (1) the stress parallel to the (i-j)-edge is given. In the columns marked by (2) the stress normal to the (i-j)-edge is given and (3) refers to the corresponding shear stress.
9.5.10.
Eigenfrequencies
Using the command "Fe Model: Dynamic Analysis" it is possible to determine eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of the modeled structure. Prior to invoking this command, masses must have been input (density larger than zero and/or additional loads) and a global load case "EigenFreq" and the three load groups for deadweights must have been generated using the command "add masses" in section Load factors. Usually the factor for these load groups is 1.0. Additional loads (nodal, beam or plane loads) can be added to the global load case "EigenFreq" by adding a factor in the appropriate column in section Load factors. Since these loads are input as forces, this factor must reflect the corresponding acceleration to obtain additional masses. Therefore the factor for these load groups should be 1/9.81 = 0.102.
Explanation
It is possible to choose between two types of dynamic analysis: all frequencies in interval: Y calculate all eigenfrequencies and -modes in the given frequency interval between "frequency low" and "frequency high" N calculate the number of eigenfrequencies and -modes above "frequency low" as given by "number of frequencies"
Furthermore, an upper bound for the maximal relative error in the desired eigenfrequencies can be specified under "max relative error".
Numerical method
The Lanczos method with diagonal mass matrix is applied. That is, all masses are lumped on adjacent nodes. The Lanczos method calculates eigenmodes iteratively. All eigenmodes are normalized such that they have unit-generalized masses. A few (e.g. the lowest) eigenfrequencies and -modes can be found fastest by specifying "all frequencies in interval: N" and a small number for "number of frequencies". Then, the time required for the eigensolution should not be much higher than the time for one static solution. For large systems and if many eigenmodes are requested, solution time will be a small multiple of the time for a static solution. If many eigenmodes have to be determined "all frequencies in interval" should be set to "Y".
Displaying results
The found eigenmodes can be displayed in the same way as the static solutions to different global load cases. Here, the first eigenmode corresponds to the first global load case, the second eigenmode to the second global load case, etc.
9.5.11.
A summarisation of the forces and moments of nodes are shown in this table.
9.6. Grillage
9.6.1. General remarks
"Grillage" is a pre- and post-processor for two-dimensional grillage structures. The pre-processor can generate FE models by either using beam- or shell elements. The post-processor is only for beam elements available. Models using shell elements can be analyzed with the Results section of GLFRAME.
General Data
Mark this field for complete double skin structures. For structures which are using box girders partially only see "Girders and Stiffeners" on page 198.
The input scantlings are gross thicknesses. Mark this field to perform the calculation with net thicknesses (gross thicknesses reduced by the corrosion allowances).
Generate FE Model
This command starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. Select either the generation of beam elements or shell elements. 1. Generate Beam elements Each girder is entered into an element group with group designation "GIRDER No.". The girder number and the distance to the starting point of the 1st girder section is part of the cross-section designation. With this information the cross-sections can be identified The loads are plotted as beam loads. Surface loads are counted among load group 1, container loads to the specified load group. Insert Stiffeners in GLFRAME-Sections: Mark this field to consider continuous stiffeners in the crosssection definitons.
Note: The stiffeners are not checked against buckling or local loads.
2. Generate Shell elements All loads applied will be created as nodal loads. Max. Edge Length: This value limits the maximum length of element edges.
For shell elements the evaluation has do be done in the result section of GLFRAME.
Preview Window
The preview of the "GRILLAGE" tables uses a tabbed view. It can show the plate definition, a girder or the results of a girder.
For the results the following entries can be modified: Girder Number Loadcase Max. Case Buckling of plates Buckling of stiffeners List-box. Select the girder, which should be shown. Global Load Case. Select this for the maximum loads from all load cases. Enable or disable the automatic buckling calculations of plates with this option. Enable or disable the automatic buckling calculations of stiffeners with this option.
Global constants
Spring constant Minimum girder length = 1.0D10 kN/m = 200 mm (considered in program)
Remark The breath of the nearest plate field to the corresponding girder is used for the calculation of the effective width. For the buckling utilisation in the result plot the max. plate field for the complete girder is used.
9.6.2. Plates
Plate 1 represents the contour of the entire grillage system in the X, Y-plane. All other plates defining thickness variations in plate 1 must, therefore, be located within the area defined by plate 1. Where more than 2 plates are located on top of each other, the highest number plate is used. A plate of thickness 0 is an air gap. The generated width is searched for up to an air gap only. With a view to correct generation these plates should have the highest numbers. In the case of twin-hull structures air gaps are not admissible. For twin-hull structures, to begin with, as outlined above, plate 1 and the pertinent thickness variations are inputted. For the 2nd plating use the copy command to get the same contour in the X, Y-plane to that of plate 1, afterwards the Z-coordinates can be modified. All Z-coordinates of the 2nd plate must be either greater or smaller. Subsequently like for plate 1, plates can be inputted which define any thickness variations in this plate. All other plates, the contours of which correspond to that of plate 1 and having different Z-coordinates, are ignored. In each line the corner point of a plate contour is indicated.
Note: A red box inside the table indicates a plate with an edge, which is too short. This might be the edge from the last point to the first point of a plate.
Mould.line
Moulded line List-box. Select either "lower side" or " upper side"
Note
In twin-hull structures the moulded line of the first described plate is used. The moulded line of the 2nd plate is located on the other side!
Preview Window
See also in section General remarks.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model Copy All lines on /off : : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section General remarks. Copies a plate description. All coordinates can be moved by an offset. All on means that the geometry information for all plates is shown, whereby with all off only the plates are shown.
StartX,StartY
lw
EndX,EndY
hpr
Web
hwa
twa
twe
hwe
bfa
Flange
StartX,StartY
lf
EndX,EndY
Mould.line
Moulded line List-box. Select either "lower side" or " upper side". Lower side: Stiffeners and girders located on the lower surface of the plate Upper side: Stiffeners and girders located on the upper surface of the plate
lw box
Remark: If a girder section is described as a box (box>0) and the following one is not a box, an offset between both can be given. This offset will be connected by a support beam unless the connection would be realized by a transversal girder. The max. offset may not be higher than (box/2+web thickness).
hwa hwe twa twe bfa bfe tfa tfe lf hpr bai bei M.No. sup. cond.
Web height at start or, depending on identification key, height and/or web height Web height at end Web thickness at start or, depending on identification key, thickness and/or web thickness Web thickness at end where lw=0 or lw=length of section twa=twe Flange width at start or, depending on identification key 'L' and 'T' flange width Flange width at end Flange thickness at start or, depending on identification key 'L' and 'T' flange thickness Flange thickness at end. Where lf=0 or lf=girder length tfa=tfe Distance of thickness increase in flange from starting point of section Height of Cutout of profiles Flange width at start towards right Flange width at end towards right Material number at start/end (see GLFRAME Section 6) Supporting condition: 0 free 1 rigid (compression and tension or rotation) 2 rigid (compression) (see remark) 3 rigid (tension) (see remark) 4 symmetrical Only used in z-direction for calculation of effective width. To create symmetrical models the moment about Y has to be fixed too.
hinged (joint)
Remark: With models containing supports of type 2 or 3 GLFRAME internally uses the nonlinear solver. Therefore only the load sums of the first load case are displayed during calculation, but all load cases will be calculated correctly. For sup. Cond. 2 the stiffness curve 1 of non-linear boundary elements is used and for sup. Cond. 3 the stiffness curve 2 is used. The stiffness curves are also stored in the grillage file.
N Le C
Number of individual loads for calculation of effective width (1-6) (for linear loads N=6) Factor for overall length. Overall length means the length of a girder and/or the length between two Z-supports. Plate compressed (yes/no) (analysis with or without buckling)
Remark: A constant spacing is assumed for the complete effective width if buckling stiffeners are arranged parallel to the web and if the plate is compressed. Stiffeners are not checked regarding buckling.
The effective width is calculated in accordance with the GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 3E.
StartX,StartY
lw
EndX,EndY
dz
twa
twe
dx
2c
No. Type
Start X, Start Y, End X, End Y Start and end coordinates of a section lw box Distance of thickness increase in web from starting point of section or identification key (HP/FB/L/T) in stiffener at plate 1. Identification key: "DH" for twin-hull structures and additional identification key (HP/FB/L/T) at plate with 2nd Zcoordinate.
The stiffeners are defined as outlined above. twa twe n c dz, dx M.No. sup. cond. Web thickness at start Web thickness at end Number of cutouts on the girder web Distance of 1st cutout from Start X, Start Y For all following cutouts: The distance to the preceding cutout is 2c. Height, width of cutout Material number at start/end see "Materials" on page 35 Supporting condition: 0 free 1 rigid (compression and tension or rotation) 2 rigid (compression) 3 rigid (tension) 4 symmetrical Only used in z-direction for calculation of effective width. To create symmetrical models the moment about Y has to be fixed too. 5 hinged (joint)
Remark: With models containing supports of type 2 or 3 GLFRAME internally uses the nonlinear solver. Therefore only the load sums of the first load case are displayed during calculation, but all load cases will be calculated correctly. For sup. Cond. 2 the stiffness curve 1 of non-linear boundary elements is used and for sup. Cond. 3 the stiffness curve 2 is used. The stiffness curves are also stored in the grillage file.
N Le C
Number of individual loads for calculation of effective width (1-6) (for linear loads N=6) Factor for overall length. Overall length means the length of a girder and/or the length between two Z-supports. Plate compressed (yes/no) (analysis with or without knuckles)
Remark: A constant spacing is assumed for the complete effective width if buckling stiffeners are arranged parallel to the web and if the plate is compressed. Stiffeners are not checked regarding buckling.
Preview Window
See also in section General remarks.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model All lines on Copy /off : : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section General remarks. All on means that the information for all girders is shown, whereby with all off only an overview of the existing girders are shown. Copies a plate description. All coordinates can be moved by an offset.
9.6.4.1. General
This section defines general data of the vessel.
L H T Cb V0 (1+av)
Scantling length Depth Draft Block coefficient speed Acceleration factor acc. Section 4.C 1.1 of the GL Rules
9.6.4.2.
This section defines the loads acting on the grillage system. The loadcases correspond to those given in the GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 17.
Y X
dX,dY Substructure
Displacement of container stack for generation Indication of girder(s)/stiffener(s) to which a load is applied Syntax: <Type> <Material> G/S <Number> G/S <Number> Typ: 'B' Bracket or Cantilever 'C' Carling If a load is considered to be applied on one girder while the grillage has symmetric girders, the C has only one parameter.
If a grillage has nonsymmetric girders and the load is applied on one girder, the Bracket type has to be used. No input: End disc not located on the grillage structure. If only the type is indicated, the program will search for the closest girder/stiffener only. Mass hm LCB LCC t.PS LCC t.SB Mass of container stack Centre of gravity of height of container stack Load group for load case B (cargo on hatches) (see GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 17) Load group for load case C (tilting to pt. side) (see GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 17) Load group for load case C (tilting to stb. side) (see GL Construction Rules, Part 1, Section 17)
Remark: Load group 1 is reserved for surface loads for all load groups. If load group 0 is inputted, no loads will be generated.
Preview Window
See also in section General remarks.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section General remarks.
Input description
No. Item Loadgroup Load on Girder Number of load Text field Loadgroup Selection of girders, to which the surface load is intended to be applied. Syntax: <From-No.> TO <To-No.> STEP <Increment> or "None". All loads are generated in load group 1. With the keyword "None" the load group 1 will not be attached to the global load cases. Surface definition
Preview Window
See also in section Plates.
Additional commands
Generate FE Model : Starts the generation of a FE model based on the specified parameters. See also in section Plates.
The stresses are plotted on the web of the respective girder. The upper image shows the web with the bending and shear stresses, the lower image shows the web, with reference stresses.
The value Wmax means the section modulus at the plate side and Wmin means the section modulus at the flange side of the stiffener. The required moment of inertia is not implemented yet.
Use this command to add data from a second POSEIDON file. See also "First Tab Form: Project Data" on page 29 where it is described how subsystems are defined. POSEIDON analyses the selected file and extracts the information that can be imported. In this release of POSEIDON, the following parts can be imported: Frame Table Y- and Z-Direction Hull Structure Design Criteria / Loads: Compartments Design Criteria / Loads: Tanks Design Criteria / Loads: Decks Design Criteria / Loads: Container
The frame range, from which the data of the subsystem shall be imported, can be defined in the following dialog box.
In the next view the functional elements of the subsystem can be mapped to the actual names. This means that the functional elements of the subsystems are renamed during the import process. Functional elements of the subsystem can be ignored by deleting the entry of new name.
The import is started by pressing the Merge button. After completion the save-as dialog is shown to save the new merged file. Be aware to use a new name!
10.2.
Use this command to add data from a second GLFRAME file. The program automatically corrects the serial numbers of the stored subsystem. Use the dialog as shown below to describes how to combine the subsystem with the actual model. All elements receive a new group number (ASS 0, ASS 1, etc.), if the element groups shall not be joined.
Input description
DX: DY: DZ: RX: RY: RZ: X: Y: Z: Translation vector. All nodes of the subsystem will be shifted by this vector. Description of the rotation around the global axes. The rotation will be carried out after the translation. Reflection. The sign of the corresponding co-ordinate will be changed after the translation and rotation is performed. Attention: The loads and the local beam co-ordinate systems must be checked afterwards. Means that all nodes of the subsystem will be joined with the actual existing nodes if the deviation is inside the given tolerance.
Note
The option join nodes doesnt work correctly with given generation parameters, all generation parameters of nodes and elements must be removed before using this option
The numbers of the subsystem will be increased by the given value. Element groups, which have the same name, will be joined.
10.3.
POSEIDON can import thickness measurement data from an easy to create ASCII file. The file must have the extension ".txt". To import the data, use the import button of the utilisation table.
1. Identification row for a type of structural elements The row starts with one of the following keyword: Longitudinal Plates Longitudinal Stiffeners Transverse Stiffeners Transverse Girders Transv. Web Plates Transv. Web Stiffeners Transv. Bulkh. Plates Transv. Bulkh. Stiffeners Transv. Bulkh. Girders
2. Measurement points. One row for one point. Thickness must be given in mm. Syntax: <ShortCut>;<Item>;<Original thickness>;<measured thickness Portside>;<measured thickness Starboard>
Example:
Longitudinal Plates Frame No: 179 "shell plating";"B2";19.0;18.4;18.1 "shell plating";"B3";19.0;18.3;18.2
10.4.
Import of Geometry
POSEIDON can import geometry and topology description from an easy to create ASCII file. The file must have the extension ".frm". To import the data, select a file with the extension ".frm" in the file select box from the File/Import command. The imported data supplements the data already existing in POSEIDON. Should a conflict arise (for example, when a functional element is imported which already exists in POSEIDON), a warning is issued and the process can be aborted without overwriting the existing data.
{...,...}: LINE
Co-ordinates for the geometry are given in mm CIRCLE a circular connection with the next point. The radius can be calculated because the gradient of the tangent at the starting point is used from the previous line.
RANGES <int> Number of ranges in which the frame spacing is constant FPP <real> Offset of the forward perpendicular (in mm)
Frame No:
POINTS <int> Number of the following dimension points (minimum 2) FA {F,A,H} F A H optional entry of area of validity in the ship longitudinal direction:
valid forwards (Forward) valid rearwards (Aft) valid only at this position (Here)
If no area of validity is given, there is no limitation in the ship longitudinal direction. SYM {P,S} Symmetry
P S
valid only for the port side valid only for the starboard side
Example file
# Example file, in order to show the syntax PRINDIM LPP 195.4 LWL 195.4 PRINDIM B 29.8 H 50.5 T 10.1 LFRAMETAB RANGES 4 FPP 190 REFFRAMENO 246 -7 720 4 800 47 790 255 790 FUNCELE SHELL FRAMENO 5 POINTS 17 0000.0 9461.2 LINE 1425.1 9617.6 LINE 4102.1 9970.3 LINE 6258.6 10315.8 LINE 8060.2 10679.9 LINE 9955.3 11209.4 LINE 10668.5 11465.4 LINE 11827.8 12021.6 LINE 12736.9 12631.7 LINE 13191.3 13025.3 LINE 13502.8 13336.3 LINE 14023.6 13980.9 LINE 14564.4 15011.0 LINE 14780.9 15755.6 LINE 14886.7 16555.2 LINE 14900.0 16978.8 LINE 14900.0 21400.0 LINE # This is only an example comment FUNCELE SHELL FRAMENO 65 POINTS 20 0000.0 0000.0 LINE 5043.0 0000.1 LINE 5454.9 0005.0 LINE 5826.4 0026.4 LINE 6188.2 0076.3 LINE 6809.2 0208.0 LINE 7630.0 0460.0 LINE 8205.7 0692.3 LINE 9348.8 1317.6 LINE 10020.2 1804.2 LINE 11417.9 3122.2 LINE 12097.6 3944.0 LINE 13231.4 5598.6 LINE 13739.5 6465.3 LINE 14056.2 7092.3 LINE 14587.6 8519.4 LINE 14749.8 9143.2 LINE 14839.9 9592.3 LINE 14900.0 10383.1 LINE 14900.0 21400.0 LINE
10.5.
The Scheepsbouwkundig Advies en Reken Centrum BV has us informed that the program PIAS/Fairway includes now an export option to create hullform data for POSEIDON in the above described format.
10.6.
The NAPA-Macro nap2pos.mac (Version 2.02) is designed to generate hull cross sections at arbitrary longitudinal frame positions and to write these data to a file using POSEIDON input format. After this, the file can be imported to POSEIDON by using the menu item Hull Structure -> Import Geometry. In order to control the generation of cross sections of the hull at specified frame positions, you can chose either a range of positions (by start position, end position, step size) or a list of individual frame positions
(e.g. "8 23 45") as input. This list can be supplied manually or can be read from a file. The latter is recommended, if a large number of cross sections with irregular spacing shall be generated. Before starting the calculation process, the final list of frame position is listed for cross checks. After this, a number of points is generated at each section and connected by lines. The actual number of these points depends on the chosen accuracy. Choosing a smaller tolerance, you will end up with a larger number of points per section. As usual for NAPA, the macro is executed by ...>!ADD nap2pos.mac Then the user is asked to specify his inputs interactively. He can, for instance, chose, whether he wants to export frame table and principal dimensions. This is useful, if he intends to set up a new POSEIDON model from scratch using these section data. However, if there is an existing POSEIDON model and somebody wants to add a few more cross sections, it is highly recommended not to export frame table and principal dimension in order not to overwrite the existing values in the POSEIDON model. Finally, the contours are calculated, exported and viewed on the screen. Points to be exported are highlighted. Inputs Output File Name of the Output file Default name is <Project name>.frm Default path is ~napa/temp/ Object Name Output Principal Dimensions Output Frame Table File Input Input File NAPA Object for which cross sections are to be generated Default value is HULL Shall Principal dimensions be exported? Default value is Y. Shall frame table to be exported? Default value is Y. Shall the program read individual positions from a file? Default value is N. Name of the Input file containing individual positions Default name is <Project name>.inp Default path is ~napa/temp/ Range or List Input mode for frame numbers R L First Frame Last Frame Step Size Frame List Tolerance Range (default). List of individual positions
Start position of range Default value is smallest frame number End position of range Default value is largest frame number Step size Default value is 1 List of individual positions Default value is 50 Computational tolerance Default value is 0.01 [m]
10.7.
Notes:
The FE-program GLFRAME of Germanischer Lloyd is now embedded in POSEIDON. The data of GLFRAME can be saved and loaded with the Import/Export command of the File menu.
GLFRAME data can be stored in two different file types, in the .glf file format and in the .bmf file format. The .glf files stores the complete input data in ASCII format. The .bmf files stores the FE-model in a binary format. This format can also be used to export a FE model to other programs. The results of a FE calculation are also stored, when available
This program section is intended for a systematic buckling assessment of plates and stiffeners of longitudinal and transverse members according to the classification rules using stresses obtained from a finite element calculation. The buckling field and stiffener geometry are calculated automatically from the Poseidon input data, the field properties thickness and yield stress will be derived from the finite element model. The stresses will be computed from the attached finite element model defined in BMF format. For accessing the finite element results to be used for the buckling assessment, the Poseidon plates and the finite elements must match both the geometry and the functional element/element group names. Beside the standard buckling loadcases defined in the GL-Container Ship Rules (I Part 1, Chapter 1, Section 3 F) and the CSR-Bulk Carrier Rules (Chapter 6, Section 3) the following non trivial buckling field configurations are treated: In case of buckling fields with an edge length ratio of A/B > 1/5 the buckling field will be subdivided on the basis of the CSR-Bulk Carrier recommendation for side shell plates (Chapter 6, Appendix 1) into B*2B rectangular fields. Each of these artificial buckling fields will be checked for buckling as well as the original sized buckling field. The check for buckling of corrugated walls will be performed according to the CSR Bulk Carrier (Chapter 6, Appendix 1) recommendation for corrugated bulkheads. The face- and webplates of the corrugated wall will be assessed separately by subdiving the face- and webplates into several rectangular fields. Each of these artificial buckling fields will then be checked for buckling.
To the current date the systematic buckling analysis is not applicable for buckling fields in way of openings without edge reinforcements. In this case a subsequent post process by the user is necessary. Therefore the actual rules for CSR-Bulk Carrier (Chapter 6, Appendix 1) or CSR-Oil Tanker (Section 10, 3.4.1) shall be considered. Section 9.6.1 Result, Long.Members (Single Buckling Field)
Limits:
Define the colouring of fields and stiffeners according to the computed buckling usage factor, which is the value used for checking the rule buckling condition. If the buckling usage factor is: - less than the oversized value, fields and stiffeners will be coloured blue - between oversized and undersized value, fields and stiffeners will be coloured green - greater than undersized value, fields and stiffeners will be coloured red constrains the region for assessing buckling frame number defining the beginning of the assessment region frame number defining the end of the assessment region can be: - S - P - P+S for assessing only the starboard side for assessing only the port side for assessing starboard and port side
safety factor to be used as defined in the classification rules Displacement: Compute stresses for buckling field assessment by the Displacement Method. This method is intended for buckling assessment of cargo hold models (finite element size <= buckling field size). Use element mid stresses for buckling field assessment. This method is intended for buckling assessment where stresses are derived from a global finite element analysis (element size > buckling field size). Each buckling field will be assessed with each stress of the underlying elements. In case of finite elements being smaller than the buckling field this leads in general to more conservative results than the Displacement method.
FE Stress
11.2.
Overview
This program section shows the computed buckling field geometry for all longitudinal Functional Elements. Placing the mouse on a displayed buckling field will show the geometric properties of the buckling field.
11.2.1.
Longitudinal Members
This program section shows the computed buckling field geometry for all longitudinal Functional Elements. Placing the mouse on a displayed buckling field will show the geometric properties of the buckling field.
11.2.2.
Transverse Members
This program section shows the computed buckling field geometry for all transverse members. Placing the mouse on a displayed buckling field will show the geometric properties of the buckling field.
11.2.3.
Transverse Bulkheads
This program section shows the computed buckling field geometry for the transverse bulkheads. The geometry is plotted as 3D plot per default. A 2D plot is still available using the tab "2D" at the bottom of the preview panel. The 3D plot uses the GL3DViewer (see ***0.3.4.7*** and ***0.4.3***). Functional elements will be highlighted corresponding to the selection of the functional elements table. In the 2D plot placing the mouse on a displayed buckling field will show the geometric properties of the buckling field.
11.3.
11.3.1.
11.3.1.1.
Options
Longitudinal Members
Plate Thickness
This program section is intended for overwriting the thickness of buckling fields in a given application region. This can be necessary if the element thickness in the finite element model is reduced or decreased because of idealization reasons. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
11.3.1.2.
Stress Conversions
This program section is intended for defining a relation using the original finite element stress for the variation of stress caused from a local thickness modification. This relation is only needed for computing design variations of undersized buckling fields (see section 9.7) by modifying the field thickness without performing a new finite element computation with modified plate thicknesses. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
mod
t bucklingfield = t changed
EXP
Value can be: const (EXP = 0) sqrt: (EXP=0.5) linear (EXP = 1) First Frame No: Last Frame No: Sym: frame number of aft boundary of the application region in longitudinal direction frame number of fore boundary of the application region in longitudinal direction can be S for application region only on starboard side P or application region only on the port side P+S for application region on starboard and port side backmost boundary of the application region in transverse direction front boundary of the application region in transverse direction lower boundary of the application region in vertical direction upper boundary of the application region in vertical direction
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
11.3.2.
11.3.2.1.
Transverse Members
Plate Thickness
This program section is intended for overwriting the thickness of buckling fields in a given application region. This can be necessary if the element thickness in the finite element model is reduced or decreased because of idealization reasons. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
11.3.2.2.
Stress Conversions
This program section is intended for defining a relation using the original finite element stress for the variation of stress caused from a local thickness modification. This relation is only needed for computing design variations of undersized buckling fields (see section 9.7) by modifying the field thickness without performing a new finite element computation with modified plate thicknesses. The definition of the application region is graphically supported.
mod
t bucklingfield = t changed
EXP
Value can be: const (EXP = 0) sqrt: (EXP=0.5) linear (EXP = 1) First Frame No: Last Frame No: Sym: frame number of aft boundary of the application region in longitudinal direction frame number of fore boundary of the application region in longitudinal direction can be S for application region only on starboard side
P or application region only on the port side P+S for application region on starboard and port side Ymin: Ymax: Zmin: Zmax: backmost boundary of the application region in transverse direction front boundary of the application region in transverse direction lower boundary of the application region in vertical direction upper boundary of the application region in vertical direction
Additional Commands:
Copy Rectangle: define the application region in the 2D view by mouse selection and transfer the boundary data to the table.
11.4.
Load Definition
This program section can be used to constrain the validity region of finite element results to be used for buckling assessment. This can be necessary if applied loads only causing reasonable results at dedicated areas.
Factor:
11.5.
Pressure loadgroups
This program sections serves to indicate FE loadgroups as hydrostatic or hydrodynamic pressure loadgroups for the stiffener buckling assessment.
Additional Commands:
Def: All: insert loadgroups fulfilling pressure loadgroup naming convention into table insert all existing loadgroups into table
11.6.
11.6.1.
Results
Long.Members (Single Buckling Field)
This program section shows the single buckling field results for all longitudinal members. The buckling assessment is based on the GL Classification Rules and stresses derived from the finite element results.
right column:
SigY:
right column:
minor row:
left column:
membrane stress parallel to the B side at finite element centre (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) shear stress in buckling field plate used for assessment shear stress at finite element centre
Tau:
id of most critical loadcase usage factor of the most critical loadcase if evaluation method is FE Stress: ratio of the smallest usage factor of all underlying finite elements for the critical loadcase to the critical usage factor. if evaluation method is Displacement: ratio of the the usage factor based on the FE Stress method for the critical loadcase to the critical usage factor based on the displacement method.
Error:
id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error. Following errors may occur.
1. Error Code 4. 1
3. Meaning 6. No buckling fields could be computed for the referring functional element group in the specified frame number range. 9. Rules check was not successful for the considered buckling field. 12. No Poseidon plates were found for the considered buckling field. 15. No finite elements were found belonging to the considered buckling field. E.g. in case of FE group name and Functional element name mismatch. 18. Buckling field has a complicate boundary condition which could not be mapped to an appropriate boundary condition used for the buckling check. 21. Yield stress of the buckling field could not be determined from the yield stress of the underlying finite elements. 24. Finite elements of buckling field consist of different materials. 27. Considered buckling field is not rectangular. An equivalent rectangular was taken for the buckling check. 30. 33. The stress computation based on the displacement method failed. This may be caused by a geometric mismatch between the Poseidon geometry and the FE mesh. 36. An unknown error occurred. 39. The von Mises stress already exceeds the yield stress of the buckling field.
7. 2 10. 3 13. 4
8. Error in Rules Check. 11. No plates for buckling field found. 14. No element for buckling field found.
16. 5
19. 6
22. 7 25. 8
23. Cannot designate unique material steel or aluminium. 26. Field is not rectangular.
28. 31. 10
34. 11 37. 12
40. 13
42. The shear stress exceeds the allowed value of 110N/mm^2 divided by the referring material factor k. 45. Finite elements belonging to the buckling fields are defined with reduced thickness to model a hole or cutout on the buckling field. This configuration could not be automatically assessed for buckling. 48. Pressure loading of the buckling field could not be computed from the finite element load. 51. Stress computation used for the stiffener buckling check could not be determined by the displacement method. 54. Buckling field is not planar. 57. Buckling fields includes hole. The buckling assessment has to be done manually.
43. 14
46. 15 49. 16
47. Error in pressure computation. 50. Error in stiffener stress computation. 53. Field not planar. 56. Hole data on buckling field.
52. 17 55. 18
green coloured buckling fields: usage factor is between undersized and oversized value purple coloured buckling fields: usage factor could not be determined
Additional Commands:
Data to Rules Show Buckling Field transfer selected major row data to GL Rules for detailed investigation show selected buckling field geometry and support conditions in detail
11.6.2.
Long.Members (Stiffener)
This program section show the stiffener buckling results for all longitudinal members. The buckling assessment is based on the GL Classification Rules and stresses derived from the finite element results.
major row: uniaxial stress in stiffener direction computed from displacements of end points of stiffener major row: membrane stress of underlying plate vertical to the stiffener used for assessment major row: shear stress of underlying plate used for assessment
SigY: Tau: p:
id of most critical loadcase usage factor of the most critical loadcase type of critical buckling case, can be: lat: for lateral buckling tors: for torsional buckling web: for stiffener web buckling flange: for stiffener flange buckling id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error.
Error:
For further description see also Long.Members (Single Buckling Field) on page 226
11.6.3.
This program section shows the single buckling field results for all transverse members. The buckling assessment is based on the GL Classification Rules and stresses derived from the finite element results.
support condition of buckling field parallel to the A side used for assessment support condition of buckling field parallel to the B side used for assessment frame number of buckling field centre in longitudinal direction y-coordinate of buckling field centre in transverse direction z-coordinate of buckling field centre in vertical direction minor row: major row: minor rows: major row: minor rows: major row: left column: ids of underlying finite elements gross plate thickness used for assessment thickness of underlying finite elements yield stress used for assessment yield stress of underlying finite elements membrane stress parallel to the A side at the beginning of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the A side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the A side at finite element centre (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at the beginning of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) membrane stress parallel to the B side at finite element centre (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) shear stress in buckling field plate used for assessment shear stress at finite element centre
right column:
SigY:
right column:
Tau:
id of most critical loadcase usage factor of the most critical loadcase if evaluation method is FE Stress: ratio of the critical usage factor to the smallest usage factor of all underlying finite elements for the critical loadcase if evaluation method is Displacement: ratio of the critical usage factor to the usage factor computed by FE Stress evaluation method for the critical loadcase
Error:
id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error.
For further description see also Long.Members (Single Buckling Field) on page 226
11.6.4.
Trans.Members (Stiffener)
This program section show the stiffener buckling results for all transverse members. The buckling assessment is based on the GL Classification Rules and stresses derived from the finite element results..
major row: uniaxial stress in stiffener direction computed from displacements of end points of stiffener major row: membrane stress of underlying plate vertical to the stiffener used for assessment major row: shear stress of underlying plate used for assessment
pressure at underlying plate id of most critical loadcase usage factor of the most critical loadcase type of critical buckling case, can be: lat: for lateral buckling tors: for torsional buckling web: for stiffener web buckling flange: for stiffener flange buckling id indicating buckling fields were assessment could not be performed correctly. Placing the mouse above the error code shows a short explanation of the error.
Error:
For further description see also Long.Members (Single Buckling Field) on page 226
11.6.5.
11.6.6.
Trans.Bulkheads (Stiffener)
11.7.
11.7.1.
Variations
Single Buckling fields
This program section can be used to modify the relevant design parameters of critical buckling fields to study their influence onto the usage factor without adapting the finite element results (stresses). All critical buckling fields are transferred to this program section and can be manually or automatically investigated. For each critical buckling field a variation computation can be added by selecting the proper row, pressing F6 and modifying length, width, thickness or yield stress of the buckling field. The variation computation is done by using this parameters and iterating over all defined loadcases.
considering the Poisson effect) right column: membrane stress parallel to the A side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) SigY: left column: membrane stress parallel to the B side at the beginning of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) right column: membrane stress parallel to the B side at the end of buckling field used for assessment (including stress modification considering the Poisson effect) shear stress in buckling field plate used for assessment usage factor of the most critical loadcase
Additional Commands:
Calculator: Magic Wand: transfer selected row data to GL Rules for detailed investigation modify buckling field parameters A, B, thickness and Reh automatically so that buckling usage factor is 1.0
11.7.2.
Stiffeners
See also Single Buckling fields on page 234 and Long.Members (Stiffener) on page 229