Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
\WEUNI\
-^IIIBRARY^/
'<fiiaDNV-sov^^^
y/smmi^^'"
SMElfjv.
^ojiwd-jo"*^
^OF-CAllFOfi'^
JJliliiivSOi-
^'S^JAINH 3V\V
"V.
AWtUNIVtKVA
1
1f
'EUNIVERS/A
<ri130NYS01^"
^IIIBRARYO/
1^
'toUVD-dOV"
^J^JUDWSOV^^
%Sa3AINn-3Uv'
^.OfCAllfO%
^^^AavaaiH^"^
^!rtttiNlv^Ki/A
.5!rtEUNIVER%
^lOSANCflf/^
0/.
o
.^WrUNIVER%
^lOS|ANCElr^
^m s
ii(?=
^TilJOKVSOV^"
AYif
-#.
'^-SOJIIVJJO'^
>i,OF-CAllFO%
%0jii7jiv'
^of-CAiifr
'-fiij;'i
;ti>
^f?Aav8n-i>N'^
.\\v
\OtUNIVtKi/A
^O/r
12^ 15^)1
%7^
\)sm\ms//;t,
wmi^
^m^.nws:.
MNOIWV
xMLIBKAKr^;/
\i
-<
^^OJIIVJJO'^
'OUJiiVJ
i^->
MANUAL OP PUSHTU
Major
POLITICAL OFI'ICKE
G.
ROOS-KEPPEL
f.kg.s.,
;
c.i.e.,
i.s.c.
KUYBER PASS
EXAMINATION IN PUSHTU
AND
KHAN
ASSISTED BY
k.b.
ASSISTANT POLITICAL OFFICER KHYBER PASS MEMBER CENTRAL COMUITTH! OF EXAMINATION IN PUSHTU
HUMPHREY MILFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
London
Editiburgh
Glasgow
Melbourne
Copenhagen
New York
r
Toronto^
Calcutta
Cape Town
Shanghai
Bombay
Madras
(^K,
PRINTED IN EXGLAKD
i\ h'^jrr^
AUTHOE'S PREFACE.
Since I have been President of the Central Committee of Examination in Pushto,
I
have had
many
as to
inquiries
and whether
1 could
Examinations.
my
correspondents ask
to
me
to
Clarke's Persian
official
and a dictionary,
study
IV
AUTHOR
S PRErFACE.
tlie
fairly
if
intelligent
across,
n,
even
he
is
trained
Munshi.
mars published,
viz.,
They
are expen-
heads of beginners.
grammars
of this
book
studied these
my
but
it
-written
throughout
the
Roman
its
(Jiaracter,
value, as no
as
to
the
transliteration
of
many
and
Munshis' in
" Vo-
published Pushtu
"^Guides,"
'*'
" Phrase-books*'
Sentences."
AUTHORS PREFACE.
4
me
to be valueless.
seiitences
They
consist of masses
of
words,
and
phrases
strung
together
indiscriminatelv.
year'^ ago,
Pushtu was
language.
difficult
it,
Few Europeans
teaching was
in
attempted to learn
the
and the
or
hands
of
three
four
Munshis in Peshawar.
Within the
and
to
proportion.
in
The number
the
of really good
Pushtu teachers
be
Punjab
could
almost
counted on
the
fingers of one
rtian
who
Very few
any
the\'
and phrases
in the text-books,
and of correctmg,
They
is
arslow business.
6
VI
AUTHORS
I
i^KEFACE.
hope
this
Manual
will,
by supplying a
sys-
to Iparn h:3
If
Pathan.
his
Munshi
but to
is
is
a Pathan by birth, so
mu6h
the better
many
met Pushtu
sometimes
vile.
is
is
Chapter
I.,
and
the
"colloquial sentences"
of
in his service,
and
make him
cai<j-
places
retired
in
Sepoy
on a small
t
:
wage
to practise on.
is
The Manual
Part
is
I.
concise
grammar, original
as far as it
possible for a
grammar
to,
be
so,
digested
AUTHOR PREFACE.
Part
II.
Vll
Chapter
'lessons
I.
graduated course of
vocabulary and
ele-
thirty
(including
examples)
and
advanced standard.
tliese les'sons will
(The^
first
tNventy
of
be
found
sufficient for a
beginner, Avho
is
Standard Examination.)
Chapter
II.
Examinations of the
Part
III.
last
APrENDICESj
I.
In-
II.
Pushtu
III.
The Hegjdations
Pushtu.
for
Examinations
in
viii
author's preface.
for
The candidate
mination
is
advised to
study the
grammar
t|>en
tOj in
work
Part
and exercises
Chapter
I.,
at the
same
timfi translating
Pushtu sentences
in Part III.,
him a month.
He
II.,
Chapter
II.,
and
at the
into
III., cor-
of colloquial sentences
fifty sentences.
an average of
The
total, therefore, is
some 1,500
sentences.
If
vocabulary.
There
is
a certain
amount
of repetitiori in the
111.,
but
have
thought
it
better
to
lea^e
them
as
they are.
AUTH04l's PUEFACE,
IX
varies,
The form
of
the
sentences
constantly
l^atha.n.
many
Any
suggestions as to
slips
a second edition.
my
gratitude to
allowed
me
*
to
make
also to
Qazi
assisted
Pushtu of
to
the
Part
III.;
and
Sahibzada
of
unrivalled knowledge
AUTHOR
PREFACE.
share in the produc-
tlieir
is
idiomatic
r
Landi Kotal, Khyber Pass,
G.
ROOS-KEPPEL,
I
<
Cajptain.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
The Grammar.
I.
Xii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
II.
PAGB
PART
Chapter
I.
and Exercises
Chapter
II.
......
studefnts
.
'
7.1
Pushtu
more advanced
36
PART
.167
APPENDICES.
I.
(in pocTcet)
II.
Comparative table
Transitive Verbs
of types of
, .
Pushtu
.
(in pocket)
in
III.
The
Regulations
. . .
for
Examination
t
Pushtu
308
PART
I.
PUSHTU GKAMMAK.
PA-RT?
I.
PUSHTU GEAMMAB.
t
'
SECTION
I.
of Speech.
Of
J ^
L/'
(> ^
and
g or^
and
Jf
viz.:
L/'
to
and
CJ
and Persian, but
to Pushtu, Arabic,
anu
to Pushtu, Persian,
2.
These forty
letters are to
be considered as consoleft.
The
same
4.
initial,
the letter;
tn the following table, Column I. shows the form of Column II. its name in the Roman character
III. tfie
Column
forms.
corresponding English
letter or
B 2
I.
6
5.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Althougli
all
and
^ are
points
or
short
vowels
Zabar
( ),
Pesh {), or in conjunction with hamza ^. The vowel-points Zabar {) Zer ( j'and Pcsh _i,
,
MSS.
the consonants
^ or
^,
I
viz.
J-
= =
thus
thus
or
pronounced rd
pronounced
ri
r'^
ii
thus
pronounced rd
must invariably
^ or
:
^,
i>J
= = =
a
e
thus
thus
1.
pronounced rd
^^,
^
pronounced
ree
w or 00
is
thus
pronounced
or
^_^
,
roo
is
When
formed
;
for
followed by
a diphthong
example
^
iJs
au or
ai or
^_J
on,
ce,
pronounced as in hough
'pronounced as
>i//i.
,
When
and
accompanying vowel-points,
ciation
for
example
PUSH'UU GRAMMAR.
J.i"
hot,
pronounced tod
^.;'.J^-
pronounced ger
viz.
:
clidpSr
the
three
by the vowel-points , -^r and and ^; the three long, represented by the same vowel-points when fo^owed by 1, ^ and ^_^^, the two diphthongs, formed by the combination of -with . and j_j respectively; and the two majJnd vowels,
not followed
}^y \, ^
when
stood.
and
are written
DESCRIPTION.
HOW PROXOUNCKD
IN ENGLISH.
^Short Vowels
< 2.
an ass
burr
jj the chin
zinna, like
gtir,
8in7Ui
3.
s.i
raw sugar
like
French
wind
Long Vowels
Joo a houndari/
Jjj
\3.
^"
produce
Jji a promise
Jjugj
Diphthongs
a flock
birds
of
'
like
Norwe-
gian Sceter
tol,
Jo
"Majhur
{
IV eight
like bowl
like
2.
(JSjki-
tribe
khel,
male
8
G.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
In addition
to
(i.)
(alif); it
lengthens
the sound.
Thus, J^.T
io fitrn
round,
hat.
a very long
"
'^tashdid""is an
it
sound, thus,
it-tifak.
(iii.)
""
wasl,''
vowel-sound of the
This sign
origin.
(iv.)
last letter of
is
and pesh
')
This
is
these
thus, U'ijj
it-tifakan, hy chance.
PUSHJU GRAMMAR.
>
'
SECTION n.
^
,
In Pushtu, as iu Persian and Arabic, there are the Noun, the Verb, but ,three pa^i'ts of speech, viz.
7.
:
>
an in English, the
though
it is
being inherent in
its
noun
numeral o
(one) for
demonstrative pronoun
articlxB,
{tJiis)
CHAPTER
I.
THE NOUN.
,
9.
A
;
noun
it
is
of
an
object
indicate time.
substantives, adjectives,
numeral
present.
10.
liouns,
and
In
Pushtu
the
noun has
(1)
(2)
Nomisiative
(abbreviation N.).
(
Accusative
Ac).
10
(3)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Instrumental or Formative (abbreviation In.;.
Genitive
G.). D.).
(4)
(5)
Dative
Ablative
Locative
Ab.).
,L.).
Vocative
v.).
Gender.
11.
nominative singular.
12.
in
All
the
nouns of the masculine gender terrrinate nominative singular in one of the following
ways :
(i.)
(lie
zahir), in ^^
and
those ending in
(ye ma'^ruf),
Examples
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
Most nouns terminating masculine,, Example
(ii.)
:
11
in
a consonant are
CSaS ,
5
'-r'^i-^
etc.
Tq
In
this rule,
many
exceptions.
a good
many
exceptions
female,
the
noun
is
feminine because
1
denotes a
,
such as
,^
sister,
a dauglder,
^y
disregard as obvious.
are the
more important
J^^.
12
14.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
All nouns of the feminine gender terminate in
the
nominative
:
singular
in
one
of
the
following
ways
(i.)
in
(he khafi),
iu ^-
ma'ruf preceded by hamza), in j^ \ye ma'ruf) denoting condition, and plural nouns which terminate
(ye
in
feminine.
Example
NOUNS
TERMINATING IN
PUSfiTU GRAMMAR.
13
15.
The
by separate words, as
FEMININE.
X
,. ,.
jyo
,i-
a mother.
a sister.
^.
a daughter.
^jM a man.
s
dA^ a woman.
..J
bull.
<i*J^
an
uncle.
an aunt.
o,
l,,^Jui
buffalo coir.
(uv
x>^
is
a mare.
or the
(i.)
the feminine
by adding
(he kliafi).
Example :
FEMININE.
MASCULINE.
^Ji
thief,
<di
i^js^
a female a hen.
thief.
CJj-
a coch.
(ii.)
the
original
to
iu
their
last
syllable
restore
it
agrci,in
in a shortened
tion.
^
Example
MASCUL?IE.
FEMININE.
^^'y
^jyuj
Oj
shepherd.
iiXjJL
a Fathan.
o>
^til-*.;
^^
coicherd,
&ki^
14
(iii.)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
in
the femito
,^-
nine
is
Example
MASCULINE.
FEMIltlNE.
<^
^.1
,
an
antelope.
il^J'
ijuw
/^''^(^^^ o,''^^lope.
^juh
j,^'
a doq.
hitch.
,
a grandson.
'^aS
a granddaughter.
(iv.)
nine
is
the femiFrom masculine nouns ending in formed by changing into ,^5. Example:
I 1
MASCULINE.
lisjis
FEMININE.
a parrot.
L^y^
in
(v.)
the femias iu
nine
is
into
^,
FEMININE.
'j.i)
j.ii
C-^j'
a washerman. a
helper.
a washerwoman.
a female
s.j,
tC^^S
helpter.
or
by dropping the
MASCULINE.
>-><,
j^-
and adding
as
FEMININE.
x.a:>-.<
a shoemaker.
a female shoemaker
or a shoemaker's wife.
j'jo
an elephant.
latter
u.ij'jt
a female elephant.
the
Note.
former,
The
form
is
more-inuuse than
wliicJi is
becoming
obs^olete.
PUSHTa GRAMiMAR.
15
Number.
16.
The preceding
10 sliOTr
sections
mains
how
the plural
are obtained.
the
nominative
singular^
The
gender forms
its
nominative plural in
its
termination.
(1.)
17.
By adding
:
the termination
,1
or
;XJ^
for
nouns
respectively.
Example
SINGULAR.
PLURAIi.
Ci3uc a chief.
^J^^
u'"^V-
cL^L; a leopard.
.to
a snake. a house.
a
hill.
..
uV'*
j^
J:
^y^
^'.J:
j^
a ravine,
^iJ,^^
16
PUSHTU MANUAL.
(ii.) By adding tbe termination % iu monosyllabic nouns with the radical -. Example
:
<.
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
19.
17
Example
PLURAL.
^vjj&'^w, ..i^-J^'
^
>LiM jfcLwj
soiaier. a soldier.
^S'
J.i^
a murderer.
,.,ljL.>i-
20.
by adding ^1 or
Example
SINGULAR.
18
PUSHTU MAIJUAL.
SINGULAR.
PUSmtJ GRAMMAR.
24.
19
are
in
Also
Pushtu
collective, and,
plural
termination
meaning
:
is
to
Jtii.
theso.
Examples
are
Ji
huttfir,
wheat,
(2.)
Feminine nouns ending in any consonant except form the plural by adding ^r-. Example
25.
:
SINGULAR.
ji
PI.UUAr,.
a mad. a regiment. a
quilt.
.3
'^j
fj^j>
^^,
ij^'^j>
When ending
Example
*
:
in
they form
SINGULAR.
PLURAL.
i^'.^Aj...
yLjo a she
cat.
or
a she vionJcey.
^
I f
ov
;'^
\'
>''!
Feminine 'nouns ending in the pluial. Examples
2.
:
^ remain unchanged
the
iu
>
is-
girl.
t
Sr >
^
,
v*
'''''
moon
c 2
20
27.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Feminine nouns ending
in
:
by changing
to
^.
Example
SINGULAR.
iuvj
PLURAL.
virtue.
evil.
l^^
^Jo
28.
O^
in
i
clian|re
it
to
^.
Example
SINGULAR.
PLURAL.
Hs^ a woman.
<tywl
ls^
'
a mare.
in
l5:J^
29.
adding
j'^/ when denoting animate objects, when they denote inanimate. Example
:
SINGULAR.
PUSUtu GEAMMAR.
21
Examples
,
L<r,.'i'
dust.
Xj^
rice.
^_SJ;}^
snow.
^J^^j^\
barley.
and 'many
>
o'jhers.
Case.
31.
Accusative cases
(and,
in
nouns which remain uninflected in the singular, the instrumental case) are identical with the crude form
of the noun,
>
....m
thus
(i.)
an intransitive
tenses
of a
verb,
and future
Example
^1.
(--vibo
Yakooh eame.
The 'man
'
JJ
I-jIjL^ i^ s
will
(ji.)
In sentences formed w^th the past tenses of verbs the nominative follows the
instru-
transitive
mental.
Exaippje
8j!..
^^
^jui
(l^he
fojc.
22
32.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The Instnimental case (which
of
is
identical with
the
imperfect
transitive verbs.
It represents in
is
being placed
(in
norns in6apablo
of the
of inflection)
at
the
commencement
sentence.
Example
<xljb^
Ua^ Ci3jb
CXii) ,^|J^
JJfclj^
33.
In
the
Vocative
case,
the
noun
is
usually
^^\j
but this
may remain
V
(i.)
8,
is
added
nominative
singular.
Example
*j)j}
^JiJ3
<-^'
brother I
Note.
The
first
form
(with
is
more
in
use
is
the
:
last
letter
of
'
the
nominative
<
singular.
Example
)
\
^^ '
daughter
I
^
^^ "
jy-'J
mother
JJ
PUSHTU GEAMMAE.
(iii.)
23
objects,
tlie
In
nouns
denoting
inaninuttti
tbe
nominative
''
vocative
Example
j>S
^^\
{my)
home/
-''-*
L^'
L_>'
joy
r
(iv.)
is
sorrow
In
i^lural
nouns
Example
^-1
soldiers
j1^
^^\
hoys
34.
means
of prefixes
and
affixes to the
35.
The
Genitive
is
formed by prefixing j
to
the
Example
t>
<
"idJli
'
^
^ly:
t>
^l uliXc
'
t)
J'^ ^^'o ^
T\e Dative is formed by affixing formative of the^ noun (in conversation aJ, Example commonly used for jj)
36.
.
:
<jo
to
xij
the
are
sJ,
24
^li ^L>
j_^j
\3
PUSHTU MANUAL.
^
c^
j>S
..i^
He
He He
He
to his
house,
ij
to his Iwuse.
to Jiis to
ij"
jsJ
,S
.^
house.
^j
li'
^'.
has gone
hisJiouse.'
is
i^^
used,
but
this
is
now
37.
The
<)J
Ablative
to
case
is
formed sometimes by
In the former case
prefixing'
by
or
this prefix
and the
affix
^.
is it
euphony,
:
when
terminates in a consonant.
Example
^
?
from
the house.
i,J
A)
is
Example :
i}
from
the house.
38.
is
formed by
(which
*'
prefixinr^
is
^'
<):.>
affix ^jxS
principally
'desire(^ to
express
in
or
ixi").
Example
^.'xm
.'^
&.>
<S.>
PUSH'^U GKAMMAR.
25
U^ J^
"
^.>
*'"
^^^ house,
hills.
(vu^
^j'z
in the
^J^
(Jol^
<icj
at Cabul.
39.
40.
(i.)
Masculine Nouns,
26
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Second Declensiou.
PUSHTU GRAMAIAR.
(iv.)
27
:
Fourtli Declension.
28
(ii.)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Feminine nouns ending
in J^.
In these the
They
Second Declension.
'
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
Third Declension.
29
30
PUSHTU MANUAL.
THE ADJECTIVE.
42.
rules as
number and
is
noun
or
it qualifies,
whatever
its
Note.
When
One
an adjective
used
it
t-o
qualify
two
more nouns
of different genders,
is
used in thb
masculine plural.
Example
tico
man and
women
are
ill.
The adjective
is
its
noun,
except
when
it is
follows the
noun which
(i.)
it qualifies.
Example
a good woman,
a had man,
^Ks**"
d^
i-Jj"*"
Sr'^^
,
a
(ii.)
croolu-d stick,
-ji
,>
fiie
woman
is
good,
8J
Aa> ^Ks^*
tiie
man
is
had,
^-j
ji^
,^u
i-Ji*"
tiie
stick is crooked
^ii
>-
-Sy
(
44.
(i.)
Decleksion op Adjectives.
'-
PUSHTU. GRAMMAR.
line^
-31
like
^
masculine nouns of
in
tVie
First
Declension/ addin<^
the plural.
They
of the
forni the
feminine by adding
to their
mas-
Fourth Declension.
Adjectives ending in
like
(ii.)
are
declined
masculine
nouns
the
Fourth
to
Declension.
Adjectives ending in
like
js
are
masculine,
of
and
are
declined
masculine
nouns
s
the
Second
in
in
form
in the feminine,
of
like feminine
nouns
the
Fourth
Note.
rules,
There
are
to
these
45.
Comparison op Adjectives.
The, Pushtu adjective has no comparative or
the idea
(i.)
by means
32
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The Comparative is formed by putting the (ii.) compared object in the ablative ca'se, the adjective remaining in the positive^ and agreeing with its noun
in gender,
'
number and
Lead
is
'
case.
Example
:t-
ivoman
is stronger
than a
girl.
(iii.)
The Superlative
such
as
is
noun
wtich
of
is
multitude,
J^
object
:
a^A^b
<xL^
&c.,
with
is
compared.
Example
This mare
This horse
or
or
^J ^3
J_jamT
JCAa
aJ
^^I
,^1
1l3
Aoj JwjI
J
of
JcIas^
jy
,'J
;N"ote.
The
first
noun
multitude Jj
is
more
in
use than the last two, which are stpctly speaking noc
34
47.
in
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Numerals (both cardinal and Pushtu as adjectival nonns, and
ordinal) are use'd
hawf-, like
nouns,
48.
With
the
exception
of
jj
one,
the cardinal
They are
of
by the addition o
is
which end in
like a
its
by
its elision
before the ^.
one, has
no plural form.
Its
masculine form o
declined
noun of the
fourth declension.
The Ordinal Numbers are formed (w/'th the first and second) by adding ^ to the They form the feminine by the addition cardinals. Example of 5.
49.
exception of the
Cardinal.
UASCDLINE.
FEMIN'INB.
three
men.
Ordinal.
three wovicyi.
MASCULINE.
the third
num.
The only exceptions to makes the ordinal J^l Jirst ordinal ^,J second.
which
.0
t^^\o,
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
35
be
50.
expressed.
Example
36
53.
8.1. all,
PUSHTU
.M
AMI AT,.
universality.
s ,1.
Example
,S^
,
(ill
four.
s,l.
54.
Multiplication by degree
^..\
is
expressed by using
^>
the particle
and any
Jo
othe^.
jcj
^i
^jd
y>,j^A.
^j
mean
twice as
much,
thrice
as
THE PRONOUN.
55.
may
be classed
Personal Pronouns,
ii.
iii.
Demonstrative Pronouns,
Relative Pronouns.
Reflexive or Possessive Pronouns.
*
iv.
V.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Interrogative Pronouns,
Correlative Pronouns,
Indefinite Pronouns,
Pronominal Adjectives.
56.
js:
thou;
is
^_^^i
or Aia
he,
she or
it.
Of these
sj,
^xiJt
^, and
^J
are not.
They
fUSHTt GRAMMAR.
^7
3
bo
38
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Pm
PUSH7U GEAMMAR.
dJtj)
39
is
wliioli
is
then
declined
*
like,
a feminine
little
is
but this
is
no\^
above decle'nsion
commonly used
the
tform
as
well
as
masculine,
the
singular.
'
>
57.
The Pronominal
i3
Suffixes
^^ or ^ me,
my, &c.
^-J or
t]ice, t]uj,
&c.
;
^ him,
them,
Jiis,
&c.
,-o
their, &c.,
are
commonly
all
and vocative.
J
the
c/nly
reumant
her,
it
of the original
personal pronoun,
now
ai
.J
to him.,
<xj
..
it
or them.
Examples
40
Kote.
ftJSHTtJ
MANUAL.
with
tlio
"Wlicu
S.i'.
,.
is
also 'used
is
verb
as^
usually
omitted, and
is
:
common
C-^.'5
Give
Jiitii
the \jun.
^H9
d^i
Tahe
the
'p
id
^^
<JS. iy^
is
ours or yours.
^j^J
is theirs.
58.
The
viz.
:
Demonstrative
that,
Pronouns
are
four
in
number,
which are identical with thq third personal pronouns given above; and the two proximate demonstrative pronouns, ^d and \d this, which are
^d
and
n^
declined thus
Sing-ular.
PtJSHTlJ
GHAMMAB.
41
Plural.
42
^Jl}
,
PUSHTU MkNUAL.
X:>-
CS*.^
Xt^
j
.i>
wTaoever
mny
rome.
^yi,,^
^_c^^^s>-
^^
^y^
whichever
i/ou'Jihe.
ijou like.
'
x^
whichever one
^_f>.^
x^ x^
61.
in
There
is
strictly
^hich. can
tlielr.
be taken to mean
Example
j'uo
JU
JU
,
(J.Ai^
We
He
<;^^i>. Xi
vl
ijj^
;J.ji-
is
declined
regularly,
to
:
both in
the
singular
and
plural, according
of adjectives.
Example
When
the particle
is
Xj
is
of
the particle
sometimes dropped.
Xi
Exairple
alxir
We
ivill
go ourselves.
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
'
43
We
will go
on our feet.
I heard
it luith
my
ears.
62.
(i./
are
Example
^.
"-^r-
Who
are 7/ou
^
j_jj
i_5^
<)J
'^
Ir^
43
TFAo.se
*^
brought it?
(^l5^ J
*;j
<|J
'
To u'hom shall
1 take it?
(ii.)
Example
^p
3
jci
What
is it ?
^1.
What
WJiat
do yoxi
sai/ ?
tiling is tJiin
(iii.)
j,J,
and
is
declined
Example
^
iii
<xi.
.
*U'
^y J
ij,
Which
tribe^
do you belong
is
to ?
^^j x*S
jj*>j
TV/dch regiment
L>
that
k^
y^S
^i^ lJ'V.^
44
i^^ is
fUSHTtJ MANtJAL.
frequently used iu place of *^.
ivhat
y>_
It
means
sense
either w]io,
or which
several
when used
are
iii
the
of which
the
one of
present;
botli
parts
in
take
tlie
'
regular inflections,
:
but
only
used
sinsrular
-J
<Ku.
aj
Jj 'J
^}
J,
Jl^A
rd
or)
.d
3
'
Who
(iv.)
hoys?
^L.
and
JS^.*
^L.
how many, or
hoio
much^ are
:
How many
7neii
have come?
How much
loill
you
sell
it
fur
How much
'
cattle do
you own?
63.
The
(in its
Correlative
Pronouns
are
tj^^d
and
^yo^
this
non-interrogative sense),
both meaning
and ^jK,^
&.d,
Example
PDSHTO' GRAMMAR.
ij<^d L/i^y^
45
jjj^i_j
^ V'^
muck as
much).
a thing
of
,
TaJce as
mdch
When
referring to
,
tlie
be done,
^J\d thus
(the
is to is
^^lj)
commOnly usei
in place of
(^*ijJt
ij^^ii,
^ ij^^L
and
aj5-
^^'ti are
commonly
used adverbially.
64.
Indefinite Pronouns.
:
In Pushtu the Simple Indefinite Pronouns are cL/j^ someone, anyone; ^xi some, something, anyone,
anything;
^^
or ^^xL. some;
2^
anyone, anything,
l:>^
in the
;
oblique cases;
^J^
and
^ and 2^ are
indeclinable.
auLi
Example
u^ J^ 1^^ ^
JlL^
^xi'K
^^
'^y^
^iL
There
is
someone.
1^
Give me something.
^^'^'^^^
Jj
15^
cJ^^
iolj
^
<u
vf^
^^^
2^
Say
nothing.
46
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Numerous Compound
from
the
nA..
ludefinite
:
above.
Thus
jd
every,
Jb
with
C/j^,
thing, y) .a
and
l)^
similarly,
another and
.J another
make
i-l^^
and cii^ ,y
another, some-
one
2:i^
else,
ajs.
(Jj and<.:*:i
else),
.y or
Jj another.
* j^
i^
which makes o
anyone
^li^
makes
C/^ i:^*
are
in
common
MASCULINE.
PUSHTU' GRAMMAR.
47
.
(i.)
With
the termination
^i
or ij,
Example
noun
From From
the infinitive
Ji
to
bind, the
iiJ
binch'jng.
the infinitive
JjJ^
to forget,
the noun
,i6^jjJb forgetting.
(ii.)
By
commonly
are,
employed
how-
inflection, being,
J may be dropped
The
thus
infinitive JIj
to
go
may be
either
or yj
the
a;j
in going.
(iii.)
With
termination ^.
to
(in
the
root,
the
anil
in
of the infinitive
being dropped
verbs ending
when
Example
to
The
<
infinitive
I
Jj..<,.
noun
^i.Jo,.
hearing.
jjjlvj
The
infinitive
J'w*.
to
Iceej.),
^
(iv.)
keeping.
With
of
the
termination
to
the root,
the
the
final
When
48
PUSHTU MANUAL.
is
short, it is
lengthened in
*
Example
infinitive.
The
J!
Jj*^
to
to
eat,
fornjs
the
noun
,
.li^ eating.
The
infinitive
,J.x^
see,
forms
the
noun
<bl^ seeing.
(v.)
root.
J.
to
the
The
infinitive J<^;i^l
heard.
(vi.)
By
terminating in
or ^J^^,
participle
terminating in
to
^^'
i^-
Thus the
infinitive Jjo.tij
stand
still,
to
^. Jj .J.
J^'
to
or
seize
cCJ^Jj ,Jj
and the
or
infinitive
seized'.
{^^
^yJ^
prr-iiary
by the
^)'^,
1,
^,
Ui',
or^
Uju.,
>-Jyj,
^y; thus:
PnSHTti GRAMMAR.
49
tlteft.
Jx
thief,
with the
affix
becomes Hi
^_^
iA>^
pleaded,
becomes ^^-^^
pleusure.
(LJjLo
affix Ui^^
becomes
Ij^jua^Juc*
hospitaliti/.
becomes
(jujjuou-
,juum lohite,
with the
affix ^Jl^
becomes
Iljljuu.
J JoV^)
affix
J^
becomes
^ii*Jo\fj>.
acquaintance.
separate,
i^j<i
with the
affix
.J
becomes
^j%Ji5oo
separation.
DIMINUTIVE NOUNS.
68.
affixes
^
,
^,
^
^_^
Sometimes
sake 'of
^ is prefixed to
;
^^, and
for the
euphony
consonant
:
Example
girt,
with the
affix
o becomes
B
^^''^
little girl.
50
^5 a pony,
a
PUSHTU M'ANUAL.
with
the
affix
^J becomes ^yii
little iiony.
rat,
with
the
affix
Cj
t
bi?comes
CS^*
^
a mouse.
ram,
-^ith
the
affix
a male lamb.
CHAPTER
II.
THE VERB.
69.
Verbs
:
in
ii^to
two
classes
i.
Intransitive or Neuter.
ii.
70.
The
to fall,
Intransitive
to
verb
denotes simple
such
as
JtXj^^
actSoii
to
not
passing
an
object,
flow,
Jjo J
JjoJ /
to tvander.
infinitive^
termination
to the root, as
iJj^
to rise, (Jj"^ to
go out.
(ii.)
jo,
and which
iJ
retain S> throughout the entire coiijdgation, as Jj>^ to fear, ^}Si^ to fall.
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
(iii.)
51
tion
of
as
JtXj^jij^
to
become
informed,
Jjsj^ouj to
become
light.
71.
They
ablative case.
72.
are
conjugation, while
those
ending in J Jo are regular, and are conjugated like the example JajJ to fall (see Appendix sheet).
Derivative
intransitive verbs
are
regular,
and are
(see
Appendix
sheet).
73.
J may
be roughly
Class
Jiirjie
1.
Those
of present
by suppressing the
Example
Root
:
i^:i.^^^Xx^
Present
Perfect
Note.
Juu**^
*j
sit
or
I*
am
sitting.
:^
^Xx^^S^.^
in use
have
sat.
ciitvj'J is
more
nowadays
than^X*,'.Ju^.u*^,
which
is
E 2
52
Class
2.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Those
and which
foi'm the
by sup-
pressing u::^^ and substituting j or J, reverting to Example the root form in tenses of past time.
:
Infiriitive
ijj^j
roll.
to roll.
Present
Perfect
:
^ji. I
j^j_
^'x-^J:,
I have
rolled.
Note.
Those
in
which
c:ji,
or
reverting to
:
Examples
:
Infinitive
^Jj".
to
go out.
Root
cu^
Present
Perfect
;^
I go
out.
^ ^^
:
I have gone
'out.
I
ascend.
(ii.)
Infinitive
^yis>~ to
Present
Perfect
:
\ v>- I
*j
ascend.,
ascendtid.
ij-^ ^ have
,
74.
in
J come
PUSHTU GKAMMAR.
under the
are
Infinitive
:
53
exceptions
above heads.
The
principal
J^
or
to
burn.
hiirnt.
Present
Perfect
*
:
*^vw I
*j isy*^
hum
am
^ have burnt
JJo
,or
been burnt,
Infinitive
to go.
Present
Perfect
:
^I
^_
go.
,Jb or
j^ I have gone,
75.
The
Transitive
verb
denotes
the passage
of
action
^om
76.
Jaj m!
hear,
and
Jj*jXjuj*j
to ask.
77.
intransitive verbs
by the addition
of
transitive,
conjugation of transitive
They
The primitive
the
causal
transitive
governs
the
accusative,
the
dative case.
78.
Passive Voice,
verbs
can.
causal,
and derivative
54
of
PUSHTU MANUAL.
the past participle with
J Jo.^
and Jyij the participle agreeing with its subject in gender and number. These two auxiliary verbs are conjugated at length in the Appendix, and it is very
simple
to
of,
Example
Active
Voice.
Infinitive
,i'
to hind.
Past Participle
,JJ
Passive
Voice.
Present:
Perfect
:
^
>j
.j^^
^Sj I am bound, or I am
have been bound. ^^J I
being hound.
^J::^
Imperative
iJL
^S
Be hound.
verbs
79.
Primitive
transitive
:
may be
classed
Those
to
time from the root, and those of past time from the
infinitive.
example Jj
Appendix
II.
Example:
Jjb^
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
of past time.
55
may
be divided into
tense
(i.)
Those
vferbs
whose
root
ends in
li
These drop
the
t)
of past time.
Example
J'^i^'
Infinitive:
to hear.
Root:
^ioj^l
Present: ^.^1
Perfect
:
hear.
^^
lS^'^J^'
''^^"^
heard.
(ii.)
c:^*:.
it
change
it to
in tenses
of past time.
Infinitive
Example
:
{JXii^ ^^ want.
:
Root
^jl.^^
Present
Perfect
>
:
^jl^ I want.
^d
^IjLfjy:
'v
I have wanted.
ci^
(iii.)
change
it
it
to
in
Example
r:!
^^ open.
Root
c:^i|^
Present
Perfect
:
^^\;i I open.
^d
iJ-'^\.'-
^*
^ have opened.
56
(iv.)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Verbs
of
penultimate syllable
more than one syllable, in which tho is formed by a short vowel, and
Example
: ,
Infinitive
(Jj ^
speah (which
is
both transitive
(
and
Present
Perfect
:
intransitive).
^\^ I speak.
^p ^L U
,
I have spoken.
(v.)
L:l,^*.
or c:^^
change
Example
Infinitive
Root
c:^j.
Present
Perfect
J^ I throw.
^t3
ixio^
I have
thr^own.
Most verbs
Glass
3.
The small
class of verbs
a complete conjugation.
Example
PUSHTI?
Infinitives: J^ju
GRAMMAR.
to
57
to
and
JJojl>
take away,
lead away.
Indicative Present
^'sjo
I lead away.
Subjunctive Present
^ V
Imperfecji
!sjj
Past
(.i_Jo
Jed
away.
Perfect
^d
^J^J^
80.
The
which
is
formed
by adding J
It is regular,
and
Causal .Verb.
ji- news,
Example
to
inform.
to
^juw
81.
wldte,
whiten.
The Compound
{to do)
or
{to
J^
when
J^i
:
become
or, to he)
when
j<->-
intransitive.
neivs.
Example
^^
inform.
JSj6
y^ )
(to
he or to
become informed,
58
PUSHTU MAIIDAL.
The conjugations of these
auxiliaries are to be
found
in the Appendices.
82.
(i.)
ic is
hibition,
which
verb by the
Example
^
^y
go {thou),
do not go {thou).
ji
go {you).
(ii.)
Negation
is
tion, jj,
which, like
^
the elision of
It is
used with
all
is
prefixed to
Example
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
^l' I
go.
59
'
--
I do not
go.
In
the
tenses Which
is
:
are
formed
with
the
prefix
placed
between the
prt^fix
and the
verb.
!^xample
JCbl,
,
to
struclc,
(X5)l.
AJ
U
is
I did not
strike.
Jcj
Example
^d ^
^^
Jjy ^j^
83.
The
Personal
or
Pronouns
in
are
present
(either
expressed
understood)
various
:
forms
in
all
tenses of verbs.
>
(i.)
^
iJiib
tliou.
yJ^
^ffSb
you.
they.
he.
This
is
expressed or understood in
all
tenses of intran-
verbsj
when
it
60
(ii.)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The
affixed personal
pronouns
SINGULAR.
PLUI-AIi.
Isfc
person.
j
jj,-
1st person.
^ ^
These
2nd person.
3rd person.
affixes,
2nd person.
3rd person.
^.
of intransitive
and in
all
MEDIAL.
PUSHT% GEAMMAR.
with the object (expressed or understood) which the nominative case. Example :
is
61
in
^ Jj
,
jG
J bound
thee.
s.li^
<xia>
/ hound
him.
(ii.)
and object
instrumental case, and the verb agreeing and person with the object. Example
:
in
number
Jj.
8:
He hound me
is
;
(lit,
hi/
him
am
hound).
This
formation
it
simpler than
looks
conversions from
tenses of
the
to
the
second
verbs,
form
will
of
past
time
in
transitive
soon
Example
i.
SECOND FORM.
Ij
&ka> :
He bound
me.
us.
us.
^.ji.
S'i^ y*.'o
J.<
You hound
J.i\
J^
r
ii.
We
hound
Jj^
yts>
them.
Example
^j
J,)
J ^jl^
J'hh.d
hound
^^
^]^
y l^
the hoys.
hound me.
62
Example
iii.
:
PUSHTU MANUAL.
FIRST FORM,
.!
SECOND FORM.
J J
^Kla
'o
Til on
hadst
^^
Jj"
yl^!t> ^'
T/ie
?>o?/s
had,
houpd
thee.
Example
5
iv.
<-
J ^J^^ ^f^ II
the hoys.
<^
^i^cl
^] ^Jj'
y(^)^
^^
The hoys
hound
had
bound. 1dm.
Example
.j
1
v.
J ^jl^ jivo
We
had
^J
Ij
yl^ j^
hound, us.
TAe
/j07/s
hound
the hoys.
had
Example
vi.
A ^J ^J'^
^'j'
Yon had
^^
J^yJl^^o
The hoys
hound the
hoys.
Example
,j
1^"
vii.
^J^
^iit>
They had
^j
J yiKisb
,.xAj&
The hoys
85.
^J
and
jjjLi
in
is
^ti
when
a remote.
Example:
pushtIj grammar.
d CSjy'i Have you a
^ "^r!^
t>
1
63
rjun ?
<Kxi,
x'jJ^
I have a gun.
Is
tliis
^j
<-l^jo
j_^J
your gim
gun.
^ CSjji
It is
my
80,
The Verb
is
difficulty in the
study of Pushtu,
In order to enable
one of transitive,
They
will
The Table
:
of Intransitive
Verbs (Ap-
pendix
I.)
includes
The simple
intransitive verb
J Jo J
to fall.
The derivative
intransitive verb
J Jo J J
to
become
hot.
to
become.
The auxiliary intransitive verb ^ / am the substantive verb to be, which has no infinitive
in Pushtu.
The
compoand
intransitive
verb Jjuo J J
to
become hof.
The
irregiditr
verbs
,JXi
to go,
JJxl. or JJoi.
to
come.
64
The Table
cludes
:
PUSHTU MANUAL.
of Trausitivc
Verbs (Appendix
II.)
in-
to hind.
The causal
to heat.
(or derivative)
(
transitive verb
ti'ansitive verb
J J"
or ^jJ
to do.<
J J* jJ
to heat.
By
guide,
should
be able,
with
the
man
of fair intelli-
CHAPTER
III.
THE PARTICLE.
87.
Particles are
The
The
Preposition.
Interjection.
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
6.5
88.
THE ADVERB.
They
are
quidiS).
js^
sJI.
S'l^ perJifirjs.
^
i^wJt)
ju'.^
If
thus.
...
slowly.
suddenly, by
Jj always.
^
i
at all, enth-ely,
it
even.
<bkj
behoves.
89.
are
itpon
oj-i
backwavds.bachi
xf\
"^'ound aboxit.
dj
i.j
abover
-
is^j-
where."
everywhere.
<
[ here.
d^y^
iJijs..
jSb
uJj within.
near.
Jo somewhere
noiuherer
els?.
li'^ji
Ai'^i)
<xa: i.Csi
below.
Jo^
Xjj..
oj'o jJ^
behind
there^
I /I
^ipside down,
top^fjf-turvey.
ijciibb
f^
outside.
Jo
u;
fro at.
66
90.
are
at last.
^j.j idj
^J*r:\
,. ,^
successively.
^^ ahvays.
<x)o
J"
yesterday.
the
(Jo
for
ever.
tjo''
day
heforf
yesterday,.
^J^.l
j'i
li
even
till
now.
^^
,j
(Jj
^J
the second
day
'.$00
lastnltjht.
before yesterday.
'jut
to-morrow.
c?y
ux?
i_$jSp>Ji>
jj.^
after
to-
never.
morroiv.
'A^ (Jj
^
til
nowadays.
second day
when.
noi^
ti<?7
^
^. o
^sK
<)J^.
<xK
and
\xc j^
noiuadays.
.i'
when?
dJ^
<xj
(XK
occasionally.
.a
always,
at
cvfr
tiine.
any
.U
^,;
.L
rn
^wj'/i.
&=^ )6
ri>
ichtnever.
^j;
firstly.
j^ to-day.
^Ijm;
always,
^O'Tly.
quickly.^ jj jj
-.i
^^i
^^.
\J^
*.
noic.
l^s; formerly.
/low
o/i5eit ?
\M
again.
ji,^
many
timea.
PUSHTU GRAMMAR.
91.
67
^
how
this
Jt)
however many.
whatever.
everyone.
everyone.
to
V-^=
j.
much. ?
j^^L
't)
.J
much.
5#
Jt>
^^ n^
,a>
however much.
tl/j^
-.^j
tJt>
Lsly
little.
Ss- J
the
extent.
utmost
zj\ij
more.
some.
every.
ti_>l> ;j>eJi
^
jX
beyond degree.
unlimited.
jc^\_>
92.
CONJ UNCTIONS.
:
tTliese are
,1
or
68
PUSHTU MA^'UAL.
93.
THE TREPOSITIONS
and
suffixes)
are:
of.
|rS^*
JC;
m hetiveen,
the midst
on.
in
of,
5i
J _
^
>j
to.
^.
ii.i'
.'i
from.
1 1I.
ji
up
to.
&s^
^^'.j
at, with.
aJjove.
ijM
sii
together with.
d below.
94.
INTERJECTIONS.
Interjections are
:
The common
j]
or ^\ oh
PART
IT.
PEOSE COMPOSITION,
PAET
chapter
II.
i.
Prose Composition.
Chapter
I.
working up
>
to
the
Higher
Standard Examination.
>
is
going up
first
for the
Lower Standard.
Although the
test,
required to read.
72
PDSHTD
MAWtJAli.
PROSE "COMK
74
ITouso
rUSHTlJ MA'KtJAL.
rU0Sl5 G^MPOSITIONT.
75
'J
Hax"
husband
is
is lazy.
^-J
c:^^vl
^j^4*^
^_^ii>
i)
Whose dog
Have you
1*his
that
?
^t^
*xi<
^^^ '^ J
AiJfc
guu
JCs^ ,J '^^l^"^
''^
horse
is stivDuger
than
^ (ir'^
'
''^^^
v^'
'"^
that one.
Tllis
^Ci isA^^
sword
all.
is
the sharpest
JSJ
"i
SI
^>
^yi
^jyi
1*^
of
EXERCISE
That man's horse
horse
sharp.
is is
2.
The
is
This sword
is
His wife
is
lazy.
This husband
haj^py
I
have
It is
He
has a sword.
are
This boy
I
the strongest of
all.
Who
you
am
that
inan's son.
76
Service
tUSHT(J MiiNDAL.
^JJ^^
.k^
A A A
cavalry soldier
cavalry sergeant
((^5'^, S)
Jiiltdd
jj'^
. ,
cavalry regiment
The verb
(See Appendix
I.)
Examples.
Who
He
is this
man
.li
'--'S^ ^Ji**"
^_^-'a^ (j^;;ij
^^
is
an infantry soldier.
?
^J
i))
In which regiment
isV'-; i^-<y^
!JJ
Where
is
his
regiment?
is
xij>-
^J
^^^L;
Whose
horse
this?
^J
'=>-
J ^_^I Ij
^jJ^SjtSii J
iL^
He became
terday.
a sergeant
yes-
^JarjJ
^j,.jj:iio
Whose swords
They
are these?
'^^
-EXERCISE
3.,
Where
I
is
their
j
reofiment
It is in
Peshawar.
am
a corporal,
PROSE
[
C/OM POSITION.
11
sergeant
is
My
in
tlie
Whose gun
?
is
this ?
It is this soldier's.
?
Is
Who
She
is
are
these girls
soldier.
They
is
Wh^Sre
mother?
I
ill.
Was at home
(in
78
Grass
PUSHTU MANUAL.
au'.
Wood
J}
^^6^
;:ii-
river
People
Tribe
,
u'
J:!--j*'si"
Name
^ft
^^'^:^-'e
^;
^1/'^^
stony plain
^ >J^
i)
!$
,J^
Intransitive verbs.
(See Appeudix
I.)
Togo
PROSE Composition.
79
Ij'
Jcl
Did you go
yesterday
?
to
the
plain
Jj
<xi'
^,
.j^^i
^jjj
My
I
city.
.^.i
^^^
Jo
^4,
<x.>
* ;
J
:>;
live
came here
it>
^^..>
_ *>^j'
<x!i!j
the
^lil.
EXERCISE
4.
city.
This road
The
forest is bad.
The people
and
who
go to the
Avood.
plain.
The soldiers came from the forest to the They have five hundred horses, and have
to the plain for grass.
come
The
These
men
arrived
in the
They
will live
These
women
stayed seven
is
days (nights)
in
my
big house.
Whose
fruit.
this
it.
garden ?
It is mine".
The water
the
forest.
flows through
]\Iy
wife
She sometimes
go
?
comes to the
city.
When
will ,you
shall
Of
you?
I live in
stony plain.
80
PUSHTU MANUAL,
PROSE COMPOSITION.
g^
Transitive Verbs.
(See
Appendix
II.)
To
eat
82
Tell thatinan to
FUSHTU MANUATi.
bring water.
ij^^
Jis--
jcjl^
xi
^j^
Aii
The food
hours.
will be ready in
two
kJ^;^
i^j^.
^
^j^
<xK
*;'^
^J^
When
did he return ?
to the village.
^^1
ijjj.i
<xAa
8jy ^
J^ X'^-
EXERCISE
Bring a bed and put
carpet near the bed. food ready
?
5.
it
under the
tree.
Place a
Is the
We
It will
be ready in
an hour.
Take away (lead away) the horses. I will sit on Have you the bed, and you can lie on the carpet.
a
pipe
have tobacco.
he has heard.
He
did not
fire
hear.
Now
He
is
bringing
city.
Give
is
me
fire.
The
tea
is
no
who
are
Is
I
I will
and when
and
fruit.
Call
my
servant.
He
is
lying under
tobacco.
Tell
him to Vring my
PROSE
84
I
PUSHTU mAnual.
was
reading-
your
letter
x'x^^
jj*^
^^
- uiji
yesterday.
Sit on the bed.
-xij.^^^
,_^^ ^>.^
^.^
lie
has
^i
JUi:
^j^i
lb
^j^^'
<xS.K
Bring
my
horse.
,^1
EXERCISE
This
6.
man
my
sister.
He
writes a letter to
uncle's letter
it ?
me every
eaten
day.
I will read
is
when
have
my
food.
This tea
very hot.
Tell
my
is
servant to bring
this villao-e
?
me some
fresh water.
Whose
sit
It is
my
father's.
Let us
on a
come to us. What are the crops They are wheat and rice. The
river flows through the village.
to
in this village
Ava'cer
from the
this letter
Send
my brother.
He
will
all
also send
him
message.
all
the food.
go back to the
PEOSE COMPOSITION.
85
LESSON
Early
VIT.
^j
'ju?
To-morrow
Morning
Evening
"
js^
^W'*^
oi'
^W*-*
<)u,,
Noon
Late
c:^^^ 3
c:J;J
all
-
'o
Wealth
Cattle (including
':^>-i
kinds of
JU
^,^
iys^
animals)
Cattle (bulls, bullocks, and calves)
A A A A A A
mule
sheep
(m.) ^_/j}^
if-)
^^
\*c
cow
goat
chicken
thief
im.) jj _
^i^-
(/.) S;J
J^
Jx
'-^A'i^fT
Verbs.
To To
kill
Jjj
,
die
Jjsji^ws)
.
To
To
strike
binjl
Jjfcj
.
or
J^
.Ijo^
J^
^}^^.)
To carry
ofif**
or Jj^
To understand
Ja^^v;
86
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Examples.
i*j-^yi
^'^'^
*.i
^J
This
man
understands
,^
-xa^,;
jJct
f.;
^ct'^
''^
Hindustani.
He
has
come from
the
^ti"
^ ^'r^ ^
'^
j^^
'^
to-
morrow morning.
The thieves killed two men
JU
Jj j ^.-^ s.j Jx
.5
jStj
^^^
EXERCISE
7.
We
are going
mountains to-morrow.
There are
many thieves
They
in the mountains.
Yesterday thieves
my village.
and two
(cavalry)
My
sheep are
ill,
have died.
wrote a letter to
'the
sergeant at Chaprahar.
my
?
cattle
is
Which
the
I will
We
will
go to-morrow morning
early.
PROSE 'composition.
87
My
uncle
is
dead.
must go
go
to
my
village for
T will
this evening.
My uncle
go
to-
It is
now very
we
will
late,
morrow.
soldiers
(It
is)
Call
the
and
t'he
servants
go to that large
LESSON
VIII.
Example
He
He
*El*e
told nie
lie
told
killed
ufr"
'-o
'^
j j ^'i .3
J.-.
<'^
said
the man.''
To ask
AJ
a;u.^j
A.'xi,.c
or
AJ
^.jG
To run uAvay
}^J^
EXERCISE
8.
Who
says his
is
that^^man
is
Ask him
says, "
his
name.
is
He
")
name
Jan (He
My name
Jan
88
I asked
PUSHTQ ma'nual.
him what village he came from (from which village do you come?), and he said that he came from Dakka (that I came from Dakka). The sergeant has come.
(I
saw) seven
(-1)
asked them
who they were (who are you ?) and that they ran away. He said that he would not go (I will not They said that they had killed seven men go). (we have killed seven men). When Jan asked him He first said his name his name, what did he say ? was Ahmed, but afterwards said it Avas Mohamed.
LESSON
IX.
PEOSE 'composition.
89
ij<-
A knife A
medal
brave
(large)
xaJc
oi*
^-.j'o
man
..
or .S^^ or ^^ij<
.d^^At
Bi-ave (adj.)
To be wounded
J'^*-^ c3^v'
*^^
J'V^^j"
jfc..>
wound
*i-; or
Examples.
He
is
(Government)
^^^i
Sy
<xia
servant.
He
has
fourteen
years'
^-j
Sy ^^ ^.L:L
..
45
jcAa
service,
^J
^Ij"
^^^jj^^i
^,.1
f.;
^1
through
>
cam-
jpaigns (wars).
2 J <xL.^
1^/*^^
<^
EXERCISE
9,.
Yes, I
am
Did you
Tirah
go to the war
Yes, I Avas
wounded
in the
90
expedition.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
How many
many
years' service
have you
service,
one for
In a
a brave
man
my captain told me I was You are a brave man"). In Masjid many of the enemy were
The enemy were very badly armed (the weapons of the enemy were very bad). Thev had swords and knives, but no guns.
LESSON
PllOSE COMPOSITION.
91
ExAMI'JiES.
^_s-l>
.iXi
-.'i*
^J^^^
"
-'
^i'jai ij
^
cannot
under-
<o
. .^s>-
.aU-
l)
,i
stand what
these hill
^ ,aa.>
people say.
Al
^^J>^
(J:^=-
^^i
cJ-i
;
^o
men, and
with
will
take
Aj s
.!
me
twenty-five of
^j^0
my
followers.
A^^j
ci^jj,y;^.u^J jo S^'xj^
He swam
^ xia
EXERCISE
10.
cannot get
is
acj'oss
deep
(as there
much
you swim ? I can swim, but not well Tn the darkness I (but I cannot swim well). could not see the man. I cannot speak Pushtu, but
water).
I
two months
I shall be
The people
they * cannot
understand
Hindustani.
can you
92
PUSHTU MANUAL.
I
can take
fifty
of
my own
fifty soldiers.
LESSON
XI.
A A
letter
i\^^ or k=^
An
order
^^
('*:6.-',
message
To be able
J^/i-
To recognize
To open To shut
J-Jo^j
^ycU- Jj-^-V
J/ ^1^
'^^^
or J^i"
^^
J;^
Jjtj
or
Jji' i_sjy^.
To run To write
t^.^j'-'c
or JjsjJxj
Ji^
Examples,
across
j^*S.
^^^.J^^_.
He
said
that
be
could
*^ ^s^yx.^
^j
Xs^ ^ xkx
recognize the
tliief.
PROSE COMPOSITION.
I
98
&.>
sLa,
sJ:,
Lj
.} ^.^
<iiiyj^
'Jl],
That man's
run very
nephew can
fast,
Uj^j*
'^^^^^
,c:'^
^'^
"^
he can
J. ^^la^ ^^x.^
u^^iO-*^
J
^J
<Xj
^^
Jl^ia Jj ^J^
^d ^j^
^^
^^o./
^
{I'i
jlT
I cannot.
^JJ
He
sent
that
me
message
ill,
j^J
xi
^'
^ ^j^
>
i'j
j^
^1
^'^^
he was
and
L>)
,Jj'
(t.>
^^
EXERCISE
'
11.
plain.
He
started,
me
understand' English.
man?
he
is
the
yesterday, and
who
man whom I saw in the hills told me that he had come from
is
Peshawar.
He
says that he
a corporal in the
94
4th.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
father
I
is
ill.
cannot
LESSON
On
Verbs.
tlie
XII.
To To
strike
kill
Jjbj
J/j^
^}J Jiw or
Jij\
To murder To hurt
u3j^
J^i^ cSX'i
To oppress
To
call
,
JL
Examples.
I
<)cAai
'w<
X.kSb
'w<
He
^i
^-^^
<^'^
^J
PROSE COMPOSITION.
95
*-.>
^J,
^_jj
^^
j^^iio
ij
have called
you..
'--o
nie.
*j
^J
Jjbj
lLxG' sj
U
^
strike
me ?
^^>^
killed him.
^^^
''^^ y^^
Xs^
<)c^
^^^^ j
'^>'
Jo
^^
you hurt
me
yesterday.
*j (_?vl^^3^
,_^t>
!^
c;^/^-
Whose
is this
dog
is
U-
t>
^_j~w.
Ij
Probably
Khan's.
it
Ahmed
4^j X) ^^J^
c*..k.-^1
EXERCISE
I
12.
He struck me yesterday. Wliy did he strike? You have murdered him. He called you yesterday. He could not kill me. He has oppressed me for a long time. Thou hast hurt me. You have all oppressed me. Who is Probably he is a I do^ not kno^^^ that man ?
have struck him.
Sepoy
(he will be a
Sepoy^
96
PUSHTU MANUAL.
LESSON
I
XIII.
will
go myself.
^L
^ihss:^
<xj
s:
He
himself said to
me
.1 Aj',
^>af
xiLo
Why
j_^^>i,
<o
J ^J^
Av^
self
little
boy
like
you can-
tJ^U ^^^j
^*i,
,
^.
,
^jli>
J.J'
Ism\L
Aj
,i^
Ij
What
What
is this
thing
^j
is
>i,
jc^ Ij
sort
of
a beast
y^d
j^^
CS.ijL Ij
Q^
this ?
Where
coin
aJjvXo
J6'y-
<):^^
He
arose
again.
and
sat
down
ci^^^'Ja***^
Uj
^1
^j^^'o, iJch
^L ^j^
j$^
jj
aJuusr &
Write a
letter for
me.
'
^!j
&.^
a1 I.
^|3j>-
j!^
Go
I
to
.^^
^^j^
^d
^x^s^\ ^
^^^
ljIIT
jc.ia
my
own.
^J> CJ,j
J..tj>-
PROSE COMPOSITION.
G/ve
97
dcS
my
compliments
to
Ju'^.
A^
j,
(^jli-
b)
jJ^^
CXU
J
him
Jui/L <uJii
<t:>-
<Xjjj
come
in.
will
go myself
in
his
^'o-
JCj
<xii,
<xl>isr
jo
!Jy
place.
^jj
themJ.^,
^^^ i^-<
J.Ai-
f;^^
EXERCISE
I will
13.
come
I
yourself, perhaps
my
(in
my
place).
Is this horse
your own?
A man
Of what
?
like
you can do
this
my
?
work.
He
is
as brave as
Kifstum, and
tribe
is
as just as
Naoshirawan.
is
man
n,ie.
He
an Afridi
he has come
here to see
Where
my gun
put
it
He
He
wood and
grass.
The chief sends his compliments, and says he will come to-morrow to see you. Go out of my house. What is this thing ? I do not know what it is. Ask him why he did not come himself when I sent
H
98
for him.
T Avill
come with
nic.
LESSON
In a narrative,
XIV.
when
used.
may be
well
15^^
J'^f*-^.-!
To get up
To escape
To climb up
J^^ ^.
^^ Jj.j.^i=>(JjU
A
To To
way
seize
fall
'
' '
AjJ
Ji^^j
J'Vijj"^
'
To get down
Examples.
could
*J^=-l('f*i.
t^i
^J*^^
(_?
<o
^"sxiol^
PROSE 'composition.
T'he river
99
was in
100
PUSHTU MANUAL
fROSB COMPOSITION^.
T^o steal
101
01-
J^i'ii
J^j
(
Only
J'^ or
ij^
merchant
elder*
An
grey-beard
^j-l^ uH'^
Dear, expensive
u'r
To buy
To load To
fill
)
Examples.
The
Afridis
are
better
JO
}JJ
i&s>-
'^=
^}
,j}
^j^
f..^
8^1
<x^) s^ A^^
'Metford
.rifles,
and
Martini
^^'.
'o)
ijVi
rW
{^s.
^_3^^^
^\
have only
rifles
few Snider
ji^ JidXxAi^
three
packets
of
x>.
animunition at a mark
to the east of
tlTe
village
yesterday.
102
Bring lue
I will
for
PUSHTU MANUAti.
my
sliot-guu,
^i^}
8^1
'ti^l;
'--^.-l^'
't^
'^
go out sliootiug
little
^..j
^^
<x.
<x!
,^^
0"~'
wliile.
l<^'^.; j
if"^^
This shot
is
too coarse,
finer ?
J,-
^^
-^ lJjI-^
<)cxiJ
^j^
,d
'"^
have you no
As^
He
is
ruosE c'oMPosiTrox.
103
people.
The
hill
people can
At
that
The
elders are
good
the
shots,
now
I will
go out
shooting to-morrow.
my
shot-gun ready.
snipe and duck
I
The
many
in the
LESSON
104
Rich
PtJSHTtJ MA'A'tJAL.
fROSE C'OMPOSITION.
105
EXEECISE
The
chief of this village
is
16.
mand
he
is
ment ?
He
The
his
father
services for
brino;s
river.
Government.
The
irrigation channel
He
is
many
dependents.
He
is
at feud with
the people of
independent territory
who
LESSON
The seasons
XVII.
^^^1
the
(July
and
August)
x*
autumn
(September and
October), and
^^?
winter
January).
106
Rico
I'USHTd MANUAL.
PROS
15
rOMI'OSITION.
107
To ripen
Year
This year
Ja^st or J
Last year
Rain
The harvest
Famine
Seed or seed-gfraia
108
rtJsHTtJ maI^uaL.
Many
Afridis will
come
<xl
tj'^.r^}
.
>i
r^.*^
h^
*i
J J
down from
the harvest.
Jl^ jm
<Li,
j^]j jJ J^ J:
This year
(Jv^
<xj
Jl^^o
a;!
JO
' ,
.^
than
last.
EXERCISE
17.
Among
in the
much work
in the
autumn, and
rains.
Many
There
is
good.
hills,
but
little in
famine.
PROSE COMPOSI'I'ION.
109
LESSON
A month
Pfithfins
XVIII.
Jw^Lk^
Their year cor-
responds with
Arabic names.
ARABIC.
rUSHTU.
Muharram
Safar
Rabi-ul-Awal
Rabi-us-Sani
Jamadi-ul-Awal
Jamadi-us-Saui
Rajab
Shaban
Bamazan
Shawal
Zil-Kaida
Zil-Hija
,
110
rOSlITU MANUAL.
A
The days
iveek
di'jjco
or JCx^^
of the
week
are
ENGLISH.
PKOSE coMrosmoN.
Ill
.1
The
villagers
pray
at tlie
^
<icl
a.;
<in^~^
ei^vl;;
^-^
,i
<^
(-^'-j
i*
c^
l?^
^:L
and Friday.
(aJ'^uO
EXEECISE
18.
mosque at Bagh in Maidan. My nephew is very ill we will take him to the shrine of Kaka If you start to-morrow you Sahib at Nowshehra. will arrive at Nowshehra on Thursday morning.
;
spring
the
caravans go on
go only on Fridays.
To-day
is
Satur-
day
he
may
to-morrow, which
Monday.
LESSON XIX.
The cardinal points are
North
South
East
,
:
'
t^^vkJJ
(J-tH^
(!_j:^)
i'^^^<dju>
West
(1^)
iol^,.;
.y or
112
PUSHTU MANUAL.
into contact ^^ith
of
so
the
European system
measuring
time
is
making progress
among them.
:
The following
,
terms are in
common
-
use
An
hour
a^j/
minute
o'clock
^i^^
jc;sr
One
jso
Two
o'clock
etc.
j^sr
Ti.Ci
etc.
Examples.
We
shall
arrive at
home
^^
jy^
^'
i^-.-!
;*J^:i^
^j^
in three hours.
y.j-^ji
^^ssr
Half past
five.
^^AJ^i Jcs\!
|,;^_
!s^l
j^iU ^Ij
-r^'-^
l;;-^*
l)'*'
The
original
Pushtu measure
of time
is,
however
^"^ or cL^'ol*
The
early
call
to
prayer,
about an
Noon.
^^-mAa.U
The
second
or
afternoon
prayer,
PROSE COAIPOSITION.
113
ioJjU
^'.-il-o
after sunset,
about 8 p.m.
^!L*.4.U)
JU/i,
JuuJ
Midnight.
jiU x^Jl
The
(lead
of night, about
a.m.
to
3 a.m. (literally
meaning
2"*^^
still).
Examples.
Leave the
of
fort at the
time
to
xi,
.'.
dl
tji jJ
JU
iJ-t^i^
uLkjoIc
i^
the
early
call
jsi->-^^
,!)1
^_j^i^
^^
prayer,
to
^
^o
(^^ ^^f*
Xj y^ji.
^1
J A> yiyir^.
.y
^w ^1
j;^
through the
return
t\^ ^j
^ ]^.
^aj
u^
^^
jo
^ y^
a^jui
^
jo
.J
a half
homV
march.
yi
.1^
,
We will
and
'
start at midnight,
Jc^oJ
^.
<Jo
}y<
return
early
to-
^i/j')
-'^^
)=^*'
^^
morrow morning.
A A
pursuit party
JC-
Raiders
raiding party
114
PUSHTU MANUAL.
EXERCISE
The
thieves
19.
hills
to
the east
midnight.
I start at
How
far
is
If
my home
(house) by
the
time of the
by dawn
were
the
people
of the village
twenty men
LESSON XX.
Common
Pathaus
:
saiutations
and
expressions
used
by
j^
<U
^_^$Jj^
May you
common
expression on
meeting anyone).
PROSE COMPOSITION.
'
115
also not
is**^ t-^i^
May you
Ma}'-
be
tired.
^j)ji^ X*
^^/i, .JLo
,^y~>-
(the usual
,
above)
lil,
jjJ>JL)
You You
are* welcome.
x^^j <xK,a
<K/i,
J.O J
t^'lj^i-
Good-bye
you)
!
(God
be
with
L5^
s
^J
J
i'ouj
j6'
^Ijoj_^ltXs>-
I entrust
you
to
God.
pro-
ti'ol
i^
aJ'wj
J',s^ji- d
iX/i
t_5^Jsi-
happy.
ji'o
j^
May
sperous.
p
<oL.^
^^
o-*^^
t_^'i^>^
*/ ^^j J
,
<u,
^-0
iXj
Good-bye
[lit.
in front of
i^j^
The same
to you.
XiJi
Shame
Mercy
J^\
116
*Cxlc
PUSHTU MANUAL.
^LJl
^LJl -XjAij
(answer
idJl
ftMij
In Grod's naqie.
*^
^i
^Ij
By God
jdJI
O God
EXEECISE
20.
\
poor
Who
(it
is
that coming
It is
Take
No,
must go
Good-bye,
Khan
Sahib, I entrust
you
God.
PKOSE COMPOSITION.
117
Examples.
In a certain village there
*law
s^
xo ^jjj
aL;
was a
girl
who was
so
Xs^ ^
J:jij.jL,
ic>^lt)
<t-
L^^' 7^ *'^J
o'vl^.J*
^a>
li
said that
up
to the pre-
^_us^j^g)t){Lisr_aJ^^t>
.
l))
aj
(j_^./i,
lju..O ^_j.::sn.A
never been.
Day and
night, winter
and
re;
^
^^^
-J-
^1
.^1
i
<x>
.^ ^1
^,i
.^-i"
(Jjki^
^jlAa
own house
ij^'ri.
5^*i
^sj^
^^
!$.j^
^Ju^^jl
<)c^
if
j j;ix
^^J
jj'
t^^
j'Ji
^J
j^y J>.^
\r^^^;;
,for
it.
father,
who
^^ ^
&L. i(^
a:j
^
^
j
<)G'
Ij
aj
^c?..
kib
Si ^
(_fr-wj
^y\
man, said
is
bj
her.
What
the
^l^x*
rd'^
uw
.i'
i^ ^
zj
Aa
a::?-
_ ^-^^j*!
^J4*^
remain in
l^^'
j^ti L-.'vjuw
"^^
lii
She
is
said,
The reason
tJJ>^
llj
go out."
118
PUSHTU MANUAL.
EXEECISE
21.
who was
lie
But
if
at
One day a
reason that,
friend
Avinter
said
to him,
What
is
is
the
head."
like it
He
up
very much."
The
You
are
lying
LESSON XXII.
Falcon
JuXi
m,,
Crooked
j^
f.
j^s**"
tj
!^
Au
old
woman
(literally,
^-^^^ or
a white-headed woman)
i^'f (CrA^
'
Beak
Alas
!
^
s^y:*^
* or
^U^l ^U;i
V.^Njuai Jo
Poor wretch
PROSE COMPOSITION.
119
knife
PUSHTU MANUAL.
for the
^^x^
%J^
,1^
a ^*a
xj ^5j'-'
One day
was
it
^1
SJ^'i^^il
,>,
xict
..
s^j
'
lost.
i^
^Ji
EXEECISE
22.
One day it flew away and alighted on the house of an old woman. The old woman at once seized the
falcon.
When
she looked at
it, its
beak appeared
exclaimed,
to her to be crooked.
The
!
old
woman
will
How
When
you be able
cut off
upper beak
made
the
now you
The
up grain and
PROSE bOMrOSITION.
122
PUSHTU JIANQAL.
EXEECISE
23.
men were
sitting
had
five loaves
man happened
They
replied,
When
peace.
You
are
welcome.
Come
with us."
He
therefore sat
When
traveller
He gave
owners of the
Take
this
it is
your bread."
PEOSB COMPOSITION.
123
To inform
124
PUSHTU MANUAL.
in this."
The people drove that good old man out of the village, and he cried, " Mercy mercy!" They said, " Think well, old man there v'ill probably be some good in this." A good old
some good
!
man
is
sometimes stupid.
LESSON
PfiOSE COMPOSITION.
125
To
arrive
126
PUSHTU MANUAt.
said,
camel-man
" I
who
are
After much quarrelling they went to the The judge said to the merchant, " Who judge. The merchant said, " I am a poor are you ? "
you
? "
man.
This
man
has stolen
all
my
p'roperty."
LESSON XXVI.
priest
IL*
A
A
A
To
place
fruit
(_f''^
J5^^
tju.
journey
travel
kill
or Jim
&i
Jjj' jA,*>
To
To
J;_5
find
JjJ^
Examples.
'
If
you live
in that country,
15'^^^
U^
*
<xj'
(-LxL*
Jo
&kx
x> xi x^
youwillneverbecomeill.
I
^^ Aj
.^s^'J
^rS?._iti
y
t>
of ob-
jSr^^
^JD^yc
^J^
'o)
,^1 xkx
8^
(sj Xjj
<xJu^
to
Persia
J'o
1
jl
aj'
^jL;!
x.^^^^
jw,^^\,>
disguised as a priest.
1^^
dj
PROSE COMPOSITION.
127
he
^b .^
15^';
;
''^r:^^
'v^
"^
^4
^ ^. ^
iJ^ cCcJ.^o
'sj
The prince
and
collect^ed a force
'J:.;5'o jl
./ 4.s-
.i^4J
Jiyil;^^
^^7'^^
'':'.^
"^
J-^
lJ
EXEECISE
26.
A priest
tree.
is
If a
man
will
never die."
of
obtaining this
fruit,
on
my
place, I
am
going on a journey."
disguised
years.
as
The king
cities
went
to
Persia
merchant, and
travelled for
many
He saw many
this tree.
When
am
hi?-
The king
is
dead, I
now 'king."
son,
The
LteSSON XXVII.
The
tree of
knowledge
j61 ^li
Wisdom
^^JJ^.^Jt> -
Ac
128
For ever
PQSUTC MANUAL.
Ja^
ac^^
joke
To search To joke
r
.,
J^^j
J/
J^
'
Examples.
He
many
^o ^S,
aj-
i^
^yi
aJ
v<
js
not good to
make
Jtj
Ju?
o'^^
w*.
Jx
EXEECISE
The king
"
priest
!
27.
many
years, 'and
The priest said, " You did not understand the meaning qf my words. The tree is the tree of knowledge, and if anyone
eat of the fruit of that tree he will live for ever.
You,
PROSE COMPOSITION.
129
LESSON
130
Bring
PUSHTU MANUAL.
me whatever you
find.
u.^K (<<> J
^..-
^
f
may
<xj
j jcj^
Jl
JO
^^>Mi>i3
ij'*^'^
EXEECISE
28.
in
open
his
He
gave orders to
men
to
find,
dogs or men.
They
therefore
killed
whatever
;
they found
cattle,
they
The blood
of dogs and
men
kills,
The
raiders
LESSON XXIX.
A
'*
pass
J.jy
o^-
)ijd
or ^^[c
*
aong
t*i^
PROSE COMPOSITION.
131
thought
detour
_ Jlxi-
To conquer To subdue
To reduce
To aunex
To To To
halt
sing-
JoJ
!5^)^
or
J^
J.J^
^'JU
ukj t_^;^i^ or
Jj
seize
To
attack
To guard
Examples.
llieAfridis are determined
t(!>
l/'^
)^
''^
'^'^^ i-^'^j-'^
rise.
We
will
^^^
'jU.-:
'''.;
^'^
l5^;J '^
<_^f:^>
y.
in Posliawar.
^^
do
-Ua
j^?-
jsj
J'-J^
-^^
come.
lJ*^1/
While
was talking he
out.
.il
&i!b
^Jo" ^w^i-
a:^
went
K 2
132
PUSHTU MANUAL.
BXEECISE
9.9
THl Yusafzais determined to conquer Swat. They started together and halted in front of the Shakot Pass, and spent some days there. The
Swatis guarded this pass night and day, and had
no thought
said to their
women,
"
would
them next
morning.
made
In
(after)
whole of Swat.
LESSON
PHOSE COMPOSITION.
133
lliXAMl'l.KS.
Give
me your
horse
in
U) ^^.L ^. t=s*
,
;^i^
lJ'^
^.
\j
'^
^1
(_)wV=^
(t/4*^ J'^?
^J
id.J<^^ J-^!^
Lj^'^'i^j
<^.-!
^ls-^:.
oi')
tV*^
^.J
t!.^
^-
r*
o**'
'^
^j
Jl
The
fort will
be attacked
j jda aJ'j
ili'
jcj
<kj
U^
to-morrow.
!5j
j^as-* *
J ^ia J
1
*ii- ^'
1.
Ki
^o 8^
will
buffalo
k&>
j:j
(l^U, o) ^x^^x^ lo
'^
instead.
A~>-
^^^J
J'^
'^^
EXEKCISE
30.
was attacked, Karlan's mother ran away and forgot him. When she remembered him, Umr, who was her brother, returned to look
the
\'illage
When
for his
nephew.
*After
much
behind in the
134
village, so
PtJSHTU MANUAL.
he put Kaiian in
it,
put
it
on his head,
his
Umr
had no son of
him now.
I will
keep him.
Do you
;
take this
cooking-pot instead."
Hanai agreed
and because
karlaij
PROSE COMPOSITION.
135
CHAPTER
Chapter
II,
II.
of Part
II.
advanced students.
have been
Pushtu
in the
Higher
Three
EXERCISE
31.
happened
in
this wise.
The
brotjier of the
Prime
gained
of the
a great victory,
other
members
-of
of
Government that
related,
hands
two men
so
might be
At
the head
136
of
it
PUSHTU MANUAL.
were the chief muUas and the chief physiThese pious men, well
entered
the
supported
from
without,
Shah's
chamber at midnight, and persuaded the weak monarch that the safety of his cfown, even of his life, depended upon the prompt execution of
rigorous measures against his Prime Minister and
his Commander-in-Chief.
EXERCISE
32.
low
hills.
This pass
is
cultivation of the
Mashhud Valley;
it is
though
there
is
little
beyond,
The villagers exist in constant fear from Turkaman raiders yet under a strong Government the whole valley of this river, right
carious kind.
;
down
to
Ak-Darband,
is
PROSE COMPOSITION.
in
,
137
there
is
the
highest state
of cultivation, as
abundance of water
in the river,
its
after
one mile
fort of
Nazarean, where
It
to a ruined
fort,
Inayatabad.
EXERCISE
33.
master.
led
against
forced
him,
him
to fall
on Shikarpur.
138
PUSHTU MANUAL.
entered into, in virtue
in
.of
An accommodation was
both obligations, and at the end of three years he boldly severed the
tie.
EXEECISE
34
for
him within
the ci^y*
much advantage
soon,
But he preferred
however, as
Istalif
As
Hamayun's
force
descended
from
he sent his
PBOSE COMPOSITION.
troops
to
139
attack
him.
hard-fought action
followed.
At
first
the sokliers of
Kamraa were
on their
fatal,
attack
day proved
disorder.
fled
in
Their
was taken
of
battle.
beheaded on the
field
Hamayun
pressed his
advantage, captured
the
artil-
commanded
the town.
EXEECISE
35.
Avril 1888.
The year following the XJsbegs, recovering from once more invaded Khurasan, and took Mashhad. They then moved on to Herat. Herat withstood them for seven months, and then,
their defeat,
of the
But the triumph Usbeg was shortened. The following year Shah Tamphan tidvanced with an army and recovered the whole of Khorasan but Herat was
'
140
PUSHTU MANUAL.
by Shah Tamphan, towards the end of the same year. Shah Tamphan wintered in the neighbourhood, and for the two following years the city
enjoyed peace.
EXERCISE
36.
But the
was
at its flow.
Kamran
relieved
Kolab,
Then,
marching
Kokcha River, and encamped near the town, of Rostak. When lying there his camp was suddenly upon and plundered by a large body of set
Usbegs,
who happened
to be passing by.
There
was no time
for resistance.
Kam-
to ask to
whom
the
camp belonged
PROSE COMPOSITION.
before they attacked
it.
141
was done.
escaped, but
for
Suliman
EXERCISE
37.
1889.
Candahar captured, Nadir marched on Cabul. That city, since the date on which I last menticftied
it,
had
In
undergone
had,
some
other
the
vicissitudes
of
forj;une.
common with
it
cities
subject to
Shah Jahan,
zeb.
'In
after
usual period of
interregnum, recognized the authority of Aurang1670, hoAvever, the Usbeg tribes in the
of*
north-east
Lieutenant,
independence
Little
more
to
proceeded
but soon
142
returned,
PUSHTU MANUAL.
leaving his Generals to
complete the
work.
It
was
not,
of Viceroy (1675) that the Emperor's authorityFroiii that period was completely established. to the time of which I am now writing, it would seem that Cabul had submitted to the Governors
EXEECISE
38.
At
tlie
The
left
win^
of
Persians bearing
down on
it
At
and
falling
upon
their
camp,
be
set
to
work
to
plunder.
This
act, it will
S'een, lost
the day.
When
wing of the Persians attacked the Afghans opposed to them and drove them back.
PROSE COMPOSITION.
Mij^hmud,
143
thought that
was
lost
and prepared
to flee.
All
lost
up his advantftge, the Afghan General falling back, drew the enemy within range of the swivel guns
his ranks
poured
in a
volley.
complete rout.
The
enemy
before
them
for
some
distance, then
wheeHng
left
EXEKCISE
39.
at
144
the
PUSHTU MANUAL.
easy capture of Aibak had
made a
g]5;eat
But the
still
inaction of
Kamran
come.
paralysed him.
He
hoped he might
effect
He
feared
vacillating
two conclusions almost invariably decides on a middle course exposing it to the two evils it had wished to avoid. So it was in this case. Hamayun
dreaded to attack the Usbegs,
act in his rear
;
against
revolt.
Kamran,
lest
result
He
and waited.
happened
him
to retreat,
and
Kamran
revolted.
EXERCISE
40.
October, 1890.
at
'
first
unwilling to
proceed to extremities against .a man whom he regarded as a friend and esteemed as a soldier, and
PROSE COMPOSITION.
145
The
result afforded
maxim
when an
oriental
chie^f,
between
*Nasir
his teeth,
words only
Khan not
contempt, but
his Wazir,
when
marched
forwai'd
EXEECISE
'
41.
Aurangzeb
greatest
alone
remained
unshaken.
He
to
his troops
nio;]it
of contest
up
to
146
PUSHTU
MANtJATi.
moment
fell,
of
"
!
The Raja
almost
At
Morad,
EXEKCISE
42.
As Pollock's army approached the hills i^hifch commanded the road through the Jagdallak Pass,
he found that their summits were occupied by the enemy. Large bodies of Ghilzais under different
chieftains,
were clustering on the heights. The practice of the guns was excellent, but the Ghilzai warriors
stood their ground.
They
still
poured in a hot
fire
from their
jazails.
PEOSE COMPOSITION.
147
It
was plain
was
in the work,
The flower
their
most renowned
but they had
leaders.
chieftains,
now
and other
;
our bayonets
but the
considerable
body of
to
the
for safety
and
left
the stronghold
by
British troops.
EXEECISE
43.
Eastern Afghanistan,
Ave miles
from Cabul
L 2
and
148
ninety-one
to
it
PUSHTU MANUAL.
from Peshawar.
lies for
The
first
line
of road
from Cabul
east,
the
due
The next ten miles, leaving the valley, commence by turning south, and proceed thr6ugh a long and
narrow
defile b'etween steep
and
of verdure.
Along the
defile,
which
only a few
twenty times.
the elevation
of the pass
is
At
above the
hills
sea.
Ten
eiffht o
feet,
EXEECISE
44
the field, and his hundred thbusand men, chiefly cavalry, selected from the hardy tribes that reside
first in
Mahmud
of Ghazni
was
army
consisted of a
that
lie
PEOSE COMPOSITION.
149
Fanned by Mohammadan
India, these
zeal,
and urged on by
men 'were
army
of any
success in such
Mahmud
tht^
advanced
Laghman, and,
Khyber Pass, and then secure the city of Peshawar and remain encamped near it for a few weeks to give his troops some rest. The news of the advance was carried to the Hindu
Rajas of India,
this
who
mo
FiXERCISE
45.
The Logar,
gi
fine,
head,
in the hills,
it
by another
This
is
150
PUSHTU MANUAL.
and rendered
nearly
ground
side.
is
This river
slight description of
interesting.
Cabul to Arghandi
twelve miles.
The road
runs through a highly cultivated valley abounding with orchards and fruit
trees
and
cultivation.
is
an ascent
till
is
a gradual descent
EXERCISE
46.
April,
1885.
PROSE COMPOSITION.
151
innr side to
The
women and
'
'children
intrenchment.
advancing by Dhad.
strong,
The army
of Medina, 3000
The northern
to the
A tent of
turns.
visited
him by
EXEKOISE
47,
The nature of
these outrages
is
thus described.
and
152
PUSHTU MANUAL.
reach by nightfall.
spot,
On
he
is
seized, gagged,
mountain nook, and there kept close under drawn swords till dark, when the whole party starts
by well-known but unfrequented tracks to the mountainous riv*er-bank, when he is ferried across the Indus and is detained till his relations pay up
'
lies in
the
day dawning or other obstruction occurring before the kidnapping party reach the Indus, in which
case the
encumbrance
gagged
idolator
let
afford
knocked
crevice.
EXEECISE
48.
April, 1894.,
PROSE COMPOSITION.
Cq,bul,was suddenly set upon
153
by a band of marauders it where the pass was who narrowest. Th^ men accompanying the caravan, about forty innumber,made a determined resistance
were lying in wait for
and shot several of their
after losing ten of their
assailants,
number.
with their
lives.
remainder having
had
cast
hills.
men whom
about four miles from the pass, and came into our
territory to apply for help to recover their property.
EXEEGISE
49.
The
siege of
154
continued
spring,
ing.
officer
a\\
PUSHTU MANUAL.
the winter of tlmt year and
the
summer, and autumn of the year succeedto the exertions of one English
Owing mainly
within
its
walls,
Bombay
who
had
been entirely
who
inspired
the garrison.
by
the
Russian
General
Boramski
and a
EXEKCISB
50.
situation
were
tl;e
same.
But
there soon
came
Avarnings
of the
storm.
On
commanded
Butkhak, by Colonel Monteath and encamped nine miles from Gabul, was suddenly attacked in
at
PEOSE COMPOSITION.
fence.
155
Sale,
repulsed,
and
marching
enemy on
joined
it
the '17th.
Sale,
and began
march
for the
Tezin valley.
BXEKCISE
51.
1895.
his blindness unaffairs,
placed the
Ahmad, reserving
For some time the
Punjab engaged
in
son of Moshud,
of which
father's
had heard of
156
PUSHTU MANUAL.
He marched
cousin,
defeated them.
Mohammad and
EXEECISE
52.
first
instance
to
Kandahar.
letter
from
The
Amir
more
important
affairs.
many
days in Cabul
to his first
when Burns
communications to India.
In these
to waive
PROSE COMPOSITION.
his
157
such arrange-
ments as Ranjit Singh might make with Sultan Mohammad. I'he purport of the Amir's reply-
was
that
he
than
Avould
his
sooner see
brother,
the
Sikhs
at
Peshawar
and
to
that,
though
good
office's
of the British
Government, he must
claims to that place.
decline
renounce his
EXEECISE
53.
1896.
own
success.
He
at
never realised
for
its
magnitude.
fire, first
him out
critical
of the
by th inaction
of that inaction
the
moment
of the
wing.
his left
so great
lost
guns
158
during the night.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
morrow of the victory he remained motionless. The repulses he had experienced at Kerman and Yazd sat heavy on Nor did he fully realise his position his soul.
the
until the spies
On
EXBECISE
54.
The army
The Bengal force, under Sir Willoughby Cotton, numbering seven thousand five hundred men of all arms, assembled
sisted of three distinct bodies.
at Ferozepore
for
Shah Shujah, numbering six thousand men, officered by British officers, was to start from a place well known by past experieiice to the Shah, Shikarpur and third, a force called the Bombay
;
PROSE COMPOSITION.
159
Passes.
fourth
Presidency by the occupation The whole force to be employed thus amounted in round numbers to twenty-one thousand
with the
of Sind.
Bombay
five
hundred men.
EXEECISE
.
55.
The
officer
who commanded it tried to enlist the to^vnspeople They were willing, but the tyranny in its defence. of the Commander Soon disgusted them with military
'
service,
But for
months the
siege continued.
At length,
by treachery gained
160
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The
Four months
having
the Usbegs
was a
final one.
EXEECISE
56.
The
them
state of the
.The
nobles oppressed
to
the
and compelled
This
The roads
travellers
were not
and
kill
Robbers would
seize
them or
No
one
The Sultan
unaware of the
PROSE COMPOSITION.
161
The
became
many
Large
rulers,
weak or
tAvo
slothful
down.
tracts of territory
who
built forts to
wrongfully acquired.
EXEECISE
67,
1898.
BaiduUah
Khan, who, according to the customs of the country, was the rightful heir. This without doubt gave
IQZ
oifence to
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The new king was ^'ery young and weak. li e had not the power to control the leaders who had put him on the throne. The country is a hilly one. The villages a^e built at the foot of hills, and small forts are erected These forts are guarded by in all high places.
many
people.
fighting men,
villages
different leaders.
These
raids
new
king.
The
result
keep
little
many
cattle or flocks.
They
cultivated very
land, and
One
often
Avould carry
to milk the
men, strong,
enlist&'d in
They gladly
the
army
result
and
loot.
The
power
way they
strong.
did not
silver,
formerly do.
so
and
FKOSE COMPOSITION.
163
EXEKOISE
58.
At
officer
who provided
the guides
knew where
was
going.
At midnight
The
horses
many men,
o'uns raised the dust. We marched as far as and o we could, and halted as we crossed the river.
three-
When
assured by
men
The heat and dust were very bad, and our mai'ch had been rapid. At the expiration of an hour we started again, and just at daybreak the first shot was fired. The enemy's position Avas strong, between two villages with a
have some food.
marsh
rise.
in fronft.
On
their right,
cavalry.
ii
'J.
164
PUSHTU MANUAL,
EXERCISE
59.
PROCLAMATION.
In the years 1873 and 1874 the Mahsud
Wazms
them
secure the
British
by members
good
faith
of their tribe.
As a guarantee
for their
1st
January
187'9,
a body of
tribe, who plundered the town Tonk and other villages, causing the loss of some
in British territory.
Since
the
Mahsudss
the
life
have committed
British
frequent
within
loss
border,
causing
further
of
disturbing
the peace
of British
In
Prose compositioi^.
165
prevent a recurrence of
it,
the
Government of
to the
Mahsuds
for
some time
its
past,
but hitherto
submission.
EXEECISE
GO.
Mahmud had
Safi ,
The
defeat of
Kuli
Khan
and by attacks on
its
The
em}3ire
Mahmud resolved to
by the Abdalis
to
which
have referred.
166
PUSHTU MANUAL.
different
would be
were that
by men who, though Afghans, were Abdalis. Before dealing his blow at Persia, he resolved then to march to the relief of Farrah.
strength, occupied
killed him,
and defeated
army.
From Farrah he
took a south-westerly
moved
towards Kirraan.
Surmounting great
difficulties
acknowledged
in the province of
was the
capital.
PART
III.
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
PART
III.
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
LESSON
I.
(1)
What
supplies
are
'"
('^
procurable
to
from
Peshawar
Charakauni?
barley,
We
^^
^^ '
^^ (^^
'
j
'
y l^ 1^
^^^J^l'
want
rice,
Jy ^ ^^Jj^^J'^r^
^.'$
^.
'v.)
(2)
Has
it
been raining?
Tell
(r)
....
nave every*
"-
^
^}^ J
(r)
thing ready.
^^ j^
i
^^
Xj X)
j^
^
?
(3)
The
regiment
will
^sr^ a;s^
i
^j
^
march
them.
at 5 a.m.
The men
'
"
'
"^
-,^
^^;--'
ij^
"^
'--^'>?^
*^
170
(4) Is there
PUSHTU MANUAL.
any
river
it
on
he
the road?
crossed,
How
can
by a bridge, boat,
or ford
(5)
Is that a pomegranate-
tree
No,
it
is
mulberry
(6)
My
brother
is
;
the
the
khan
of that village
is
lambardar
named Akbar;
is
and Khawas
dar.
the chauki-
(7)
flood
came down
Nowshera
re-
Oft/M
(8)
liain is
good
for the
country.
The
all
floods
have
destroyed
the crops.
is
The
Indian
ruined.
corn
entirely
(9)
Who
are
?
you? what
I have
do you want
come
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
to
171
make
a report, as I
am
>^.
There
was a burglary at
of
V^ J-f H u'^*-^^
*
^'^.-f..
iU,
the house
jiight.
Sultan
last
,^3
^j-^)^
lio
.0 j
.^-'0
(1.)
The
residents were
alert, all
L^^J
J^
sj
j'f
'^
^j
t^;'*'
J^
" "^
j'ooj
> \
{^y:,
-
^
\
^;
have
been
arrested.
Well done I
^'^ "J^^ ^
* (o
>ii
^ *^
^
u)
if"i
(11)
(11)
Is there
any shootof
a.i.
-i^-i.
dj
ti>.'-._wj
j
c
the
/.
1/
(12)
Have
the
quails
c^J J-^J;
^^
^;^-^
('O
c
^
come
in yet ?
(1.3)
You
prefer
people
geneto
^
,
J;S^
j}^
1
.J2
'
(ir)
rall^
hawking
^
^
shooting.
>
>
>
(14)
like
the look
of
^^^^
*,
,^1
^
Ij
(,^)
^
* ^V^'^' '^ v'^ t^^
A'<z,i Aj
be lame.
^^
(ic)
f-'^
^U J
X^
*
^^
^^
172
(IG)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
If
they
agree
to
^y^
'
i^-^ii
.
&J>
.
(n),
. ,
Government
will not be
terms,
there
,.
any expedition
'
^r.
>
against them.
(17) If they
^^^
} lLS-xs^ ^h-
commit
raids,
aii"
(iv)
we
will
make
reprisUs.
(18) in
Is there
?
much crime
^^
^^
c
a:;
(i^)
.^
your village
(19)
t>
-
j..j
^;.A^
...
'*'.
e;^7"
*
i
^'^^
victed of
"
>
^>
(20)
One
man
escaped
sic
,^1.
^,^
yi
(r.)
.-
to independent territory.
LESSON
H.
(1)
II.
S.
Pushtu.
cattle
October, 1886.
The
village
JU
^.K J ^"-i*-^
^j
.
(0
..
were driven
ground at daybreak.
1111
to the grazing
'",
*
js
'
^^
if*'*' - ^
Vi'*'
S^'*
y**^} ^ ^'
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(2)
173
jJ^a^
.
The
is
j y^}j-^
,
"-^
<xAi
.
(r)
;
heart of the
and
its
'^
sprmg
as
ice.
said to be as cold
SP
"
j.
"^-^ >
v
^>};
J-J^
^j
_j;jlj
J ^l^
(3)
^'j^
.
^^
i i
^
i
a:jL^j
j;.
(r)
^
t
Nisatta in
numbers.
Tney
->*-'
"s^-v-
i-5>"
J^J^
jlj ^1
J:,
t_5j;^
munerative prices.
(4)
The
city is populous,
y}
^\
^j
^
^'oTyii'^^u,
H
>^
kept.
^-^"^
^
y^
.
^' <^^^
(5) is
^^
^/^
^m^
^/'^
^Uj
(e)
- l/" ^/'^r
y^^
(6)
Order a native
officer
^S.^ X-.
._
jJ
^.
I'tV"
for supplies.
-''
"^
fj^
ti
u^
,9
^< ^^^
!;>
(O
C^^^jAJj
(v)
(7)
Take a hundred
tlie
so-
s^^j's^s.
.O^^p J^^j
/i
'
i
i
174
(8)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Heavy firing was mainon both winos
till
..l.t>
A ^jyj
,
^^-f^
J^
(^)
tained
1 11 nigntiall.
,.
J^r^^ ,0
^J^
j:j
^y..^ ^'i^^ ^
(9)
Tlie regiment is to be
x>
^j^ j
*
aJ
J'^. (0
"
<
^
,
The
and
enemy
thither
fled
ti
J
^U j^
7-
^,^"
.^,
J ^^^
'5-
(i .)
hither
down
u
^^
opened
fire.
* s^.j^^^
(Jj
(11)
|j &>.
i^>}^
^j^
1
..
is^ ('0
(<
,
.-.
the
affair
and
11
SP
J^j
^t
.
''^^^v
-^
'^^
'^ ^^
l
''^.-'J^
from others.
>
>
v-v
J^A;j
^ 9 ^ ^j^
(12)
When you
first
saw
^_^I,
^
J^l ^
^^
^
v^
^^
'^v
,
(,r)
he arrived there
(13)
S sJ
Jaj^^.
,,
If
spot
when
must
^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^
^
.^
(,^)
u>';
o-=^
'^'^
^i
'^ j
.^
u;'^"
you
have
noticed
"
\^^
j
^
l5^
^^
there,
besides
the
Jj^
-'^ ^^''.
^^^
COLLOUUIAL SENTENCES.
prisoner and the murdered
ij
175
^' k-Sj^
^ ^y^
J
^
J'^1
^
O-^.
o";^
(14)
If
i^'j
Jc>
(it=)
notice to the
Thanadars
of
the
enmity which
the
existed
-^ j> j-^j'^
o
^_^
\.:
\
o
Jcj
between
parties,
they
Jo^i^y
^,
/
s^
\
o^t)
r.
&^
'
...
s.^'
'''..
,
>
s.
v..
^io a>J:
.
(ic)
.
^
-^
"
d^
^
v
^''''
what
the
^^ ^..[^^Xk^
i
&.i_S) ^i}ji
(16)
^''j 1j
,
_ ,<^
,
U^ j joy
..
(n)
^
,
^
l>)
"-''
^^
Jui'
S?.
^>^' j
jl'
Uj
Jci
^J>
(17)
to cut
me
,ju,
.\j^
1>
A3
(iv)
on your
leg,
you
will
never recover.
(18)
Do you
r
cultivate
irri-
^.^'j
o-^.-^^
(i a)
.
>
^-/^
>
Sr
I
17^)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
There has been very
(19)
little
ji.^
.^y^K tJr-^'^
"'
, .
('0
^^
.
.
.^
-'^^
^'^ ^
^^
.
'^'^
^^ ^^
/-
^J'^lji
i
~T
>...,/
jcki
the J3ara
rivex-,
conse-
>
*Aj^j aJ^^^<!cj^L;j^^l
We
^i^
'
^cs.
^
t
.W
^
,
y^
(i**)
of
the
Indian
seed
^
-
The
S^^
- -^
"n i^ -^
^-"^^^^^
COIiLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
Is
177
(?)
there
ever
;
any
tlie
^^^
^-'-J
jo^l
^^,^
^^
J
^,
(r)
water in
it ?
Yes
in
when
snow melts
great deal
tlie
hills a
of water comes
^r^,'^
iown, and
across
.._"..
'
^
,^
ijijj
l^;^'
,
^'-'-^
-?
S^ >
'^
the
water
to
irrigate
^/"r."^
y^^
^y
y^i
^^^
^ ;^ ;J
(3)
What
of
?
is
the condicrops
this
^ j ^j^ 3 Jl<^^
^
^
"
(p)
.
tion
your
^ ^
C^
C^
'^
.
'
'^~
'^
J^
,-
'^ t^j;'
^J/
^-
^'y^
^
autumn
stacks
harvest?
hear
,Jb'
^-r^
-^*
^-^
^_yo &- ^
.^
>;
\J^''
do they cause
much
''^
^3^
Sr^y'/'
L^^y'v^^ ^
^J-^';!. >
them out
J ^'>^
Ma-
^1
^y^
9
(4)
am
going to
j^^
J
^
^^^ '^
Lt'
jJ
>'/^
(^)
tanni
to-morrow
morning.
Take
my
^i ^^i^
'''
"
'-\C
r^
^ ju^T J s:o
o o-
A=b=^
You
start to-night,
at
and
^^j"^ J
J^ ^J
U^
^
N
"^^
H
j
shall leave
o'clock
^. ^
^1^^
^^
in the
morning.
178
(5)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Is there
?
any spurt
in
fv^L
^jj^i
^JLo
^0
j:.;
(ol
the
district
Yes
there
and
also
teal.
On
any
the
rivers
there
.^re
amount
open
of duck,
and large
on the
flocks of sand-grouse
plains.
5.
(6) I
am going
out shoot-
jK*i> ij ^j<mj.s>,
^
-
^.j (t)
^J^
li"
ifi-
dogs
^
tr
8,uJ
cJ-
with me.
till
I return;
take
^A>^ O
them away.
J"
<
(7)
My
regiment
starts
for
Cherat
on
the
28th.
You go on
Tah-
Sj
'^
4>J^
,J
J;;
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
QS)
179
^J
ji^) (a)
Be very
careful
tlie
J^
l)
^^
lumbardars
of the
village
we
can't
be too careful.
^J
(9)
Has
last
there been
much
?
^ji
y^
^'^
'^'
Yes
month
there were
^^*7t^
y."^
U^^
1^
lJ^
mur-
thefts.
A
S:^
I?>
and
the
characters,
J- J
hands to stealing.
(10)
A
ago,
days
which
off
one
lambardar carried
wife.
Amir's
The
the
a
police came,
and
inquired into
the
-
matter,
but
took
deputy
bribe
off.
inspector
i'et
and
the
^
offender
The woman
for Ks,
-fit.
N 2
200
to
a chief in independent
ter-
180
ritory,
PUSHTU MANUAL.
and her husband had
to
ransom her.
(11)
How
?
is
it
the
river
X.^-'xL
JvXA
>jj
X~\
(l l)
crossed
is
Is
fordable, or
there
a ferry-boat?
Is
!$L>
.IJO
JCj
J^
i^ .\
c
Sr'ir-
.JO
j:.
rowed
?
How
deep
is
the river
^^
(12)
flood
came down
women
was
broke,
crossing.
The rope
in
all
the boat
- IJwJv
5)J
k^r-^^
5'
lis^lJ:,
women were
di'owned.
.1
.*
jK.>
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
181
LESSON
IV.
H.
S.
Pushtu.
October, 1887.
(1)
is
i>
^K
,
J
o
"
J-^ ^j/
/
(i)
n
the
Are the
?
>^^
jl Aj,
^
v
u,^' u
ii
t*
crops
iO^^ S^j
.-
(ci^^^oi^-)
9
^
v
.-.i.
>
(2)
of
any
^^
-
s-*^
\
L^ioo j
<
(r)
,
importance
thing
that every-
^
>>"
very dear.
rates. rain.
We
are
y^
^
'^
having famine
There
^J^j^
/
^
^
*r'.
ij^^i
'^^/
--,.
^=^=^
-
"^
has
vyel.',
been
no
The
'
^
^?.
up by
^J-o r^
j^^i
V* '-^
<_5:
who have
thieves.
(3)
:/j
What
have
description
yo,u
of
aiJiA.
,
^^
.
^
^
r,
f;
(r)
/
lauds
in
your
v
village?
>'
../
A^
y^'^^
H ^ ^/J^
<^
^-y
it
"^
182
(4)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Our lands
on
are all de-
^^
.
^^!^
/
..
,
^
\
^C^j
^
{\^\,
pendent
rainfall.
In
i,/
^^
^'^
^t
i
^^
^^^
^^^
<o^l
>
'
-^
^
.
skxm ^
r
jcj
^i"
r^
out.
j^
J
3'
^^
v-^^'*'
'*>-^'^
i^j'
i^ ( J_r^"
l^.)
J/l,;
^
(**)
^J
'^
Li-
(5)
(X.j
!^
^
"
15^;'
^
1
y
^
"
1
>
> ^
>
we do now.
Then
-^<^^ "^
yj'\'J
^^o^"^
('
^^y*^y
1
>.
""
""*
^. ^r^^'-^ ;'
^j
^'^y^
v'A
(6)
Trust
to
Grod
and
A^*^i>,
^1
|_j'j^
.
^
.
(n)
His prophet.
Jl<
Jj
x*^
^aC
millet,
Indian
corn,
_^lLij
.^
J;W
jjj-
and
all
will
be
Cj^y <^
a:jU.' _
^^
..
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
183
(.7)
What
?
?
is
the
name
of
?^_^j
^y k^
,.
J^
''
a:ii,
j
f
(v)
that villaoe
Who
are the
'
./
-"
lambardars
or
''
'^
v\
more
^ v_^t^
^jy
men?
^y^ f^ ^ ,;;^
'-^^rj
^
l^
=.
house, and
(8)
The name
is
of the vil-
lage
Shalbandi.
are
The
in
lambardars
two
are
number.
with
all
They
friends
^3
^
^jk^
fV^ J^^
J^
"^
^'^
^;^;
^
j^
"
misdeeds?
but
it is
Yes,
there
^^
J>~
^^
1^ 3
-
is;
^j^ ^
j^^- _
^ &^
^^
'"'
J^
yb
Iheir offences
home
to
them,
All the
J/
H y^
j-:.^
J^^'-^'^.i
on their
(10)
rally
* ^.^ 'jt
-'
J-^^'^
()
>
^
.c
The crimes
of
are gene-
^^^0
1
JL^I
1/
&^^-^js^
'v
thus committed.
All
..
the
men
feach
village
"^^^
^^
^
-^
...
"^^
(j^^^^^-^^'^j^ yr^^yJT'
^'^y,
sleep in
all is
^^
Wlien
is
J^^ ^y^,/ ^^
-
attempt
made
to
*^,j^
J'>^'^
4^-^ y^.^
^f'J^
184
(11)
PUSHTU MANUAL,
In the morning a
is
.s^ J
^^
JS^O
Hj
(i i)'
report
station.
made The
at the police-
deputy
with
is
in-
spector
arrives
his
constables.
stir
There
;
a great
made
but
the
1am-
u*^
;=
.^
jd?
jdjj)
(12)
What
river
?
is
?
the
name
is
it
(1^ t3ajuu
iXAa
(i
r)
of that
How
any
crossed
Is there
ford,
lJ-'
ferry, or
^.^
<kL
of travellers
(13) It is
a bad stream,
^j ^y
v...
jo j,^
^
\
jcAjd
(t)
'^W
Wf
There
it
;
is
seldom any
if it
water in
but
rains
^-^
^j
4)JI>
<Jj^i
fj^.'^
ij
JCj
in a particular locality,
down
comes the
^^^
<WS
^
JCj
- \^-J,
flood.
C^'^
io
>
J;i
"Li,
^^1^ j^^
then carries away
it.
;
U? ^tJy
^.j
jJ^.i
'^^
(14) It
u'^ f- 7^
11/
':^^
('*^)
-^
everythine; before
Last
the
fj;^
^
J^
u^ H
"-^^^-^^
away.
Now
^i i^
^/
J^>i>-1
J^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
it
185
jgaay
be
someone
else's
^'o
l^s-
Jj j
i^^l
.
chance to
suffer.
(15)
What
you
?
sort
of road
>
aj
&i
^^L ^d ^
,
((o)
.
\>
tave
Pabbi
from
here
to
*^
...
v
,
^'
Are there
?
trees on
>^ >
i^^^i^
v
j
'j.^
either side
What number
^ ''^^
of stages
(16)
t!/lj ^jJIaj.^
.
,
^l^,.;
j (n)
/
"^
grounds clean
Are sup-
c
'''
plies obtainable ?
They
will
____'
"^j^ ^^
^.
y
i
'
^'j^
.l
',
y:
(17)
Yes,
the
Bunnias
to proto
S^
,
<)6"
y'^Uij
<
yt
(iv)
,.
Owing
"
S-^^^
^
v"
**'
^>
lA-^-^
-.^
-^
-
c:^
s^
->
i^^
J^l^
be difficult to procure.
^^
^1^^^^^
(j^^^)
(18)
The regiment
will
^s=f.
^^k
vi
^-t
'^^
'^
('-)
^^^
be inspected to-morrow at 5
in the morning.
ral is
^^
f-'^
^,
^^
(k^U
'o)
^J-^^
"'
kJ^
C^r" ^''^
'^^
^>*^
186
(19)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
We
shall
be
quite
.^j jlxi
\
<x^ <^t dj
'y^ {\^)
Our men
have
^
\f
Vr^-'
S-^,
^C
'-^
**"
-^^
if-^
Jj^
(^L jS)
}
<)^
*
^d
^>f
&>^
to do.
>
(20)
boat
full of pil-
y'j^'^
^^ "
_
<^
J^^
^^.
(*)
^-
Getting caught in a
^ ^^
-
^^
^;^
ij j,^}'^^^
^^^l)
^)
u^ ^ "^f
I^ ci^U
all
j^
^|
sjo.^^]^
were drowned.
LESSON
H.
S.
V.
Pushtu.
the
April, 1883,.
(1)
Have you
?
seen
^L ^^^j
'*
\
i
,^^
v
'
'
^J^
1
()
*
Khan
to
What news
?
has he
"
give?
any rain
it
^^
^""^
'-^^^^^
^-
"f
^=^^
\
}
*
J-i
'^
^-> i_s^
had
fallen at the
taue.
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
There was no danger
187
(.2)
ill
{^^
,
Ij)
.
JiJ ^
. s.
^>_
/J^
.
.
(r)
v,
cutting wood.
,
The bun*
v-
,^.J.JU -'
<)0
^jJ^
>
2:^ i^i
<.
^^
^J -^^ ^J^'^ ^
K
'^
_._
i*^
^
,.
Our
^
^
1
a;j
J^^
. .
(")
barley, wheat,
in the spring.
and mustard
Later on we
>'
SP
v^
grow
rice,
Jy^
^_jt>
^ ^^j
- w$J:^^ v-^j^'
sugar-cane.
(4)
Is there
much water
?
;j4^
^S
^
H
a
^-^^^-^
"^
^'^^
in the
it
Swat canal
I hear
'
x(
a,
^ij^ ^^
^j^j'
"-'
v'"^^
(5)
The Khan
of
is
becom-
^j
^'^a^
\y/
..
(0)
Last year
the
Zamindars
fV'^V^^'^'^J^'^.J^-^-'
Aa
'9
_
^n
_
,
!ws-l
^
<xj
Jo^l
<i6
^Ij
^
,
They expected
fell,
rain, ar?d
none
'
^
^""^
(6)
The entrance
to the
S^-^'
.
'J^e
Jj"^
1
^
\
^
I
'\
i;
i^
t^;^
'>
,
-^j---;^'
L/^
s
z^
,
,'.i^
^"
Ji
188
Khan.
left is
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Further on to the
the masjid of Omar.
is
<b
f^jA
-
Xx^ ^y^ -^
I
_
'(Kj
The Khan
very friendly
,o'^ ^
^rvA~^ 5.-
Y^C
He
keeps
two chaukidars
from the
they steal
villages,
and send
gets
his
The
Khan
share in time.
i-j &.Z
'f-
(7)
What
asks
tell
do the police
^! JJS^li"
S^^^ i.L^^i_^
(v)
do?
and
headmen.
They
a story of their
trans-
This relieves
This
is
a regular Pathan
,ju.4j r
custom.
J! ,
lij
/i.
(^^
* id
(8)
wish
to
go
to
Abazai.
I
What
? ?
rokd must
take
bridges
none.
You must
search fur
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
189
(0
_
The Swat river comes (9.) down by Abazai. The Cabiil river flows by Michni. Both
unite
^jj]
<Kj
ajuu ci;iL<? j
i^X^.^
(Jjl^
'%*
j^>i>^
(c^l;
some
distance
from
&>
^J^ii
't>
_ i^j^i^.
^^^
Aii
Nowshera.
^j^ J^
Kaka
of
y".
^}
^^
,^
(i.)
(10)
The
Khels
(logs)
^U^
^j ^}jj^
1 1
bring lots
wood
down the
they
all
river.
This year
r
J^jyi-
" -^^^^^
^'^^
^j'^
^-^
^
/
''
are
very
unhappy
y^^ ^i'^
t
^-
^
L^
J^
their
Jmi
>
vi|
seized
by a tyrannical ruler.
^^
(11)
The
regiment
is
/^ ^1^
t>'-'
'^
j
"^
jci'
^i:^U
ordered to Cherat.
It will
l5
,^J
dXL
,
.
.
-
^- ^J ici' ^
aL'
very
good.
There
side,
are
.,
tj'ee:*
on either
with
>^>
>
^^'^ (^-^H
^^
i^ ^^'^
r
(12)
must
nias
^^^U
.
^;;.--.U
c;^y
^
_
,
(if)
}*^^
^i
.
^-
^Jj
every halting-ground".
shall
We
stage.
a:.;
a;^
^1/ 'oJo
.
U-t^
.."
-^
.
march stage by
will
The regiment
spected
be inGeneral.
? >I^
/>"*
^/
>'
-'
J ^
*^ 3
J^-
by
the
fS^^j^-
-3'^ -^y
M-
190
PUSHTU MANUAL.
^t^..
^.^
>^
^,;;J..;
jo
(^^>o?^'^
by 6 a.m.
^
IP
is
The Adjutant
1
^^
v'
1-^ c^ V
''^^^
lJ''^
-'
these parades.
Nevermind.
very fond
^'.v,-;^^r^U^.;;^:=-L^/i-^'.^'J
The General
of musketry,
-^^^j;'^
h
LI
'^Sr'^ d
S.i
We
shall
^^^^U
f
J^i^r^ .u^J
v;i
;
C/b
,
^:^*
.
do well.
(13)
jj
i^_
jj
J\^^
.'
,
(ir)
,
,
pilgrims
this
year
from
.
Bokhara.
They go now by
Trais
^>
.
" ^^"^
^^J u^^-^
,Aj
^(^^J.j
"
.
.
^^^.
.
in Afghanistan
t)
^
^j^iA
7:
.
very troublesome.
^^
j-
>
w-
v-'
(14)
How
do you go to
^i
j^^IiLaI^jJ
^_,
'
((f)
Dir? The road leads through Mardan over the Malakand Pass into Swat. The people The there are very simple.
mullas mislead the people,
^7;^ ^
^^^, Jj
.
J^
^^,
"
u/'^ iAi j _
^^^^
,
^'
^jj^
^U)U
b"^^
^,3
jl^^^
H kJ^
j'^
^St
&.^ ,1^
They
advise
them
to
speak
^^
j-^.^j^
_ ^-J
^r ^i
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
tlie .truth,
191
be kind to the
UjL,,
a:r^
poor,
(15)
Has
the
revenue
^^^
>
aJ^j
^!U J^ j*^
,
(I'j)
been collected
this
year?
"^ >
The wealthy
^
,1
^^l^loJa^^rsr 'o)
^j
^'^^ U
"^
u
^
1,
^^
>^
^^^
>"'
:!^:h^
y^
H cJ^'^t;
LESSON
H'.
VI.
S.
Pushtu.
October, 1888.
(1)
Who
is
the
Khan
he
of
^.L
^
Jj^
c
'-
this
village ?
.(^
Is
^ ^^'^ 7
^
(') c
'
wealthy
of
^
Jbj^
;
>j>
^
(
d^
j a^,^ <Scb^^^
^
'
does
he
pay
to
Govern-
ment?
"r^^^
Ji
xA' '^
-
192
(2)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The Khan's name
is
,'j^
^1
^^^
.J
'
'.i.
(k)
'
Akbar Khan.
He
lias
an
-^'"'^
^'-''^
ii/
"'
'^
'
^"'
&i^
^
^d
,.
<t.;
^1
^j) ^i Jc'^
' ,.
up a guest-house.
Es.
He
as
pays
re-
...|
50
half-yearly
^
'^
^,
<^
l*^
)
c:^-^^ a.
venue.
^i'nj 'U^y^
(3)
His village
is
situated
^^^
^
,
.
t/^^
, ^
i
t)
^_j5
^K
(r)
Lunda
river.
This side
is
'^^
very steep.
Even
small
if
a flood
p;arden
supplies
grapes,
him with
apples,
l5^ l/^^
*? ^ *T^
*^ - ^i.'^J
and quinces.
^^; ^^1
_^^l
^^^
(f
(4)
^^) ^^^xJ
^j
4_^^
'
<<j
provide
him
with
wheat,
- ijy.j^ ''^
^;^ - Lj'^j;
'.
f^
He
is
**** - 1-^^;:^*
^l
^1
j' -
^^
^^UJlx^j
^
(5)
Did
you
see
any
s.]
t_f/?^ ^
,
c;j
"^
r:*.
''^
('^)
ty
i/
-O -^
^ c5
\
r
i-'i
v-x
ls >'^^
*j <o
S
'H^'^
- 6J)
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
are in.
I
193
saw several
call-
<)cj
_ ^_JJ
t t
ij^\ ^Jr'
m
>^*^
/
(6)
The
snipe
shikari tells
me
and
^
jj.i
^}i
-
^'^j
^j^'i'
("*)
that
and duck
^
^\
,|
^Ua
'ii=-
He saw
on
the
snipe
^."^
and geese
river.
jj^
^\
J^^J^
^
>r-
(7)
is
3 i>_xo^
^
i
ju
"
i
<tjilj
i^
i/
(v)
work,
'^-*
>
^ / v
(,>
Numbers
^jV.'^rr'.'^ fj!^ ^ r*
,
^/.yi.^-J
*
!
f-
every day.
The
birds
in
kf
^
.
-^-^
<>^.
-'^-'
^?^
'^j-^J^-!
^
J
r
T^*^
you can
hours.
^_y^
i
*>
..
;'
many
<i:j
^j,
r-'
^
(8)
ij
^-^^^j^
c^ Hj^^
^^^
generally take
I ride
down
and
you
the
cross
for
artillery
parade,
by the
ford.
Look out
if
^J!^.jH2^
li j J
the quicksanfl
<f^
Hy ^
-
^
*
8,
j:
;j
^^^
'J
jo
1^
194
(9)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
On
the
is
river
by
:
y
^
4\i'o
(1}
"
\
Daodzai there
a bridge
is
a boat
either
-^
-^
which
is
pulled to
rope.
* so jui
&'_
bank by a
(10)
'
What
,
crime
is
there
in-
*J
^'^
^ ^^
^
fj
(')
in
this district
on the
crease
(11)
^^j^^
^kj
ij
p^.
In a blood-feud how
?
^^
^-Sj {xx^k^)
r,
(n)
1
(12)
^^^^
were burnt
he had Mowaz
Jj^'^^! "
j
(ir)
^
,^
Khan's
cattle poisoned.
Mo-
/t; ^ J-*
J^ J^y^
[j^
'-'
^^ ^
^J^.
J^T^]
JU*
(13)
^ ^i
../
JK
fj
IS^j^j
(ii^)
.^\."..\.
^
^^;>.
was
J
fj .l^^'-"
\
^
-^^>
-"
A man
mates.
had broken
into a
in-
^^ ^^^
,
^^^
(\
*
<:
'^j
i->^'*'
u^.3
(14)
pistol
The owner
at
fired his
j
,
aii;
j:.>
Jo^li,
.v$'
.
("^)
.
the
thief.
The
S?^
'
''
'^
v'"
*v
yard,
up the
"^^^j
^ /^J)^
~ yjyi
^-^^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
of 'the
195
aJ
house,
and
then
lane.
_ J^ti j
...
,
^^
..
^^^ J"
..
jJ'-jj
i
.)
.,
He
then
went
into
the
>
>
>> * c:^^il.>.iL
(15 J
The
regiment will
for the
^-^,.,^0^ j^ f^
^J^'^'
"^
('")
march on Saturday
Agror campaign.
It will be
^f^'^.^^ ^>'
^^^
,
C
<Xj
J^f
"'
<ic,.
a;*.o-
^^^-'.^
..
>'
"
^
._
^
> ^^
'
^''^
(16)
It will
march stage
Darband.
Is
?
^1 ^ ^^.
,
!^j,->.
^^ 0.^^"^ ('"'^
.
by stage to
the
carriage all
provided
>
^>
s^.l;
J- J
"^^^
S
a::
^^
sj
.
How many
ponies,
told off to us
camels, mules,
^J
/>
j J^o
.|
I
<io
i^
:>
ji
r^=^ v^-
y v^^
j i -^^
(17)
^j, ^a/o
.
<)J
J'/UJu (iv)
,
have
supplies
ready
-^'^'"
^/J"
"
'-'^
_ t_^jJ>i^
.
(^^"-^^
''^
^!/J
^
.{''.'
(18)
From Darband
is
the
;
rfji^s^,^^^ ^* jJo^j
(ia)
^
road
leads
very
difficult
left
it
up the
bank
of
-'
- **^
196
the Indus to
tlie
PUSHTD MANUAL.
Kot Kai.
^s'iS^]
^6^j^
^
-^L ^ ^^^
,
be faced.
(19)
^^
'
^
.
^^
(n)
f
f
,
Our cause
shall
is
just,
J^^ ^
'^
^1
^_ ssl^
xjj^
and
we
win.
The
'^
as ah'eady sunered
J
^^..
,
^\
ij^r^'^i
"
J-^
,
r^.'^
^.
have been
the
boat-
^J ^^
,
^^xi As^i
..
(r.)
Tell
collect
,,^.,
men
to
more
and
"^^
j'
-^
''
-y
remain ready.
i?jS!^
s^j^ l^'^
i?
tj;^
LESSON
H.
S.
VII.
Pushtu.
April, 1889.
(1)
Call that
man
name
here.
_ jJo
^
jl,
ij^d
^j*
<iia
0)
*
'
Ask
him
is
his
and
ta
"
(
"
'^~
\^
-*
'
Where
his house
)'
'^
rOM.OQUIAn SENTENCES.
If2)
197
.
My name
is iiist
is
Akbar.
<)c..
^^ ^]
^
'j:
.J
(r)
I live at
my
house
behind the
I't^'^
*
mosqne.
^j
^^
^j
(3)
What
They
^Icj l^J^
^
k
]
(r)
got
^^
'
^^
^V ^
'^^
'
/'
^
,
^,^ J
-^-^
'j
Bara
river.
The dam
-( .i^
/-.
-
Jt..J
j
,1/
I,)
is all
(4)
Tlie
^^aJ:
1
j
.
a:.wL^
,.
.iil
(t^)
.^
,.
,.
In
>>>>>
f^*-<
>
>>
the
j'-^ ^^^
^^ -
ij>.
^-:
corn.
o:^'
^5)
'heavy.
poiA-.
The revenue is not The people are very They r.pend all their
in civil and criminal
di^ _ s5
ai s.j.j
^JU
^
(0)
^^^ ^"-^
,
'
money
suits.
cJjowi J
yLjJ
L..
(6)
Is there a guest-house
?
^.^^
in
it
that village
Yes, and
0^ J^
!^
,
^'^
.,
^^.
('^
U^J
5
.1
-^
<);u
"^
s
He
^_$3
uLC'J
^Aa
.
j
.
liked
by
198
(7)
PUSHTU MANUAL,
(8^^'J
y Jjfc'o^^^.^ jii-
(v)
,
^liO &XS^
f^ ^^
^>.
- kjjl^
leads to murder.
<
(8) I
went
to
Daodzai.
The
river
had
to be crossed
twice.
was a bridge,
bank
(9)
to
bank by a
police
rope.
The
have hard
house-
work here.
Theft,
The prison
of prisoners.
(10)
kandi.
An alarm was
to inquire.
sud-
denly raised.
dars
The chauki-
came
(11)
The house
of Jumma
^ ^^
,
J^
...
a^A^^^
^
(ii)
..
Khan
..
^,.
'^>'
"
"-'''
S^.-^
j "^ J'^.*^
^l.c
^^-'^j
1 '^="
the courtyard.
^ V;^ ^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(^2)
199
Ij (ir)
What
it
bird
is
that?
^j
t
\
i^j^ ^^i
\
People call
they in
a quail.
Are
now ?
^'
^
^
"^
^ ^^/^
'^^'
^
\
k ^j
(ir)
^
jJ-
(13)
Send
^Jl^i _ ^_^j
^1^
"'
y&
>
out call-birds.
get twenty to
You may
thirty every
'^>'-^^
^J-
>*"
>^
^
i^j
morning.
* ^^J^i;
(14) Snipe
^_jji'^
i
^^^^
^
i'
.
^^
lj^*^
.
"')
very
scarce,
of
^
*k^
Vs^
^'^^
<^J /"
'
* ^j^
I
{^h
(
t
"-r^^-"^
(15)
am
fond of shikar,
^,S
ijj ^
j6'
^1^
'^
o)
.".
{^
>
..
^
^^i,
>^
>^
(^ J^
^
^^A^.
^5
'
i)
"
'^"
march on Saturday.
that everything
is
See
J'^
^^^<^
^ -;^
^^ ^c^
u<^'
ready.
^y ^^; y^.^ ^
^^^
(17)
j )jd
^j:^
\
jl
-^
^jW^l
*
(iv)
should be sent
11
Theteuts
;^^
..
yy
l5^ i-s-^;"^
^tr?'
2<")0
PUSHTU MANUAL.
(18)
How many
?
huimias
J-^'-J^J^^
^r*^^
.
*-^
^
^''^
^
-
are
there
company,
all
^"^
i^^j
S?
">^
^^>i
supplies ready.
JJ
<^=;-
i^jo - ^<.
t^J jj^i J
(19)
regiment.
^^^l.;
^-'v^-U
,
J-xj,^..
.,
,
(m)
. .
been good.
The men
strong.
are
young and
* ^^J
i-J^
s.lj J
1
i^^-^^-c ^'
^>^y o^-^
^Xi
W J
*i
^'.^
LJ t)
(_cJ
(r.)
for thieves.
^
^i
J
Ai-
It)
I
^ .
ft^ j^ <Xi
(_^<^
t_f'^ j^^.'^-o
,'X'kMJ
shot cartridges.
d ^
J)
>v ly -J
LESSON
H.
(1)
VIII.
October, 1889.
^jxS jJuuj
S.
Pushtu.
j:-
J..!^
ii;
(i)
i
No, the
Little
c
'^
stream
is
very low.
-j
^j-
snow
fell
on the Sofaid
Koh
^J
i
jJ<i fj
i
-t
i^^^ii
^^^^ ^^..'^
.
'.
COLLOQUIAL SENTKNCES.
(S)
201
Is
the
water-supply
I
snow? Are
tliere
no springs
on the river-bank?
Is
What
river between
Warsak and
Michni
(3)
How
..
^,^^
,)
J^
.^
(r)
by
ford,
bridge,
boat,
or
raft ?
is
^ xV
either bank.
^.
(4) I see that
;UJ
you have
on
rafts
and
inflated skins
this
T]se
river.
The boatmen
lan
oar in place of a
regular rudder.
The
cusis
tom,
though universal,
not perfect.
(5)
raft
of
wood was
It
Skx^ 3
^^s>.
!S^_
^ij
(o)
struck on a sandbank,
Later on
it
came
202
into a whirlpool,
PUSHTU MANUATi.
and
all
the
^^^
,
^^^^ ^y. H
,
,
^'^
,
'"^l/*^
, .
(6)
It is proposed to
make
*J
^^^^V
''
i
C^j*
i)
(">)
The lands
water.
at
the'
head of
can
^-^^
"'''^
^^
Wi^
^
x
Jv'
c^.^.
-^^y*
,
^^;' ,^;i<^
.
.
^ {^^J
/i
'T'J)
The country
..
.,/
(7)
How
on
?
is
the revenue
village
^^^^
c
'"
^U
"
^_^K t_j4) fj
^\
\
(v)
fixed
this
and
*a
calculated
One-third on
land
irrigated
from
the
{^'*^H3^^^J^ ^J'^r^J'^^i^
^ ^-^ ^/^^^ |j
^^^
i
(8)
^^j^^
-:
'
V ^ ^'^
-r
^.^^
Ibrahim Khan's.
of lime and
H^
'
,-t
"
pakka
bricks.
'^
"
There
is
an under-room for
v'^'^
-J^
o_^Xwiv
_jisr.
(9)
To reach
this house
a. 5^
^
"
Ju^-.^
-d^ ^^ (0 ^
vj,^ *
you
first
^
*^
^J}
' ^J} y^
J^'
COt.T,0Q,UIAL
SENTENCES.
208
it,
(10) jid
with
garden
filled
with mulberry
muUas
(11)
^.XJJi,
)ijsr^
JJ^ 5
(l l)
house
He has two. He
is
(12)
That
fat
khan's enemy.
all
^'s5-
3 t_^^
c^
Ai
'
r)
the police
officials,
who make up
(13)
Last
night,
about
<0
^>Jj
t\
'^
(ir)
Everything was
Suddenly I heard a
204
PUSHTU MANUAL.
aG'
.Sij^l _ s>
J^ j^
^^Ij^
<xJ
^-aU
to listen.
. ^J^\
^3
&
}s^S^L
^:.
(it^)
,He
said
a burglary
had been
owner's
\ ^ ^^ J 9
(y
'^'iyi>-
y.,,
^J^k
j^
.^
'^
_
J>)
attemptedonacertain house,
t\jS jC^'iS
He did
name.
(15)
not
know the
The
(j^^j
.
^^>'
!^
"
^
jc.
Jx
.
(ic)
the courtyard.
In making
^
^
,t
-^
^-^
^
''^'*'
^
''
^'
^ l5^^
.
-?
L/^-*
,
'^
-I.
bolted.
^.
#,
T ^
(16)
He
rushed up
the
,^
^ j.;
,^.
. -'
j;.;
<)G
c;^.^ (n)
.
lumped
fled to
-
...
and
the masjid.
that he
after
is
People suspect
i^j^t.?'^*
*^^ ^ ^^ ^ <::^z.\*^ ^i
-'
probably a seeker
knowledge.
(17) I
went to shoot
in
g.^
i..
^^^
i
j>-.-
so (iv)
the Tartarra
ago.
Eange a week
oi
^r^
i/
-^
~- >
We
saw a couple
urial.
/
%j
,)
-'
-'J
^J
v< ^u^j
S-L,h !$.J
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
{]8)
205
^..
In going up
fell
hill I
J
-^"
'Xi>.
jsJ:
i:>.
a)
stumbled and
stone rolled
down.
A
"
..
r^vv-J ^>
^..
f*
-^
^^xJ ^xj.^,
.
^1 s>J:.,
j ^^ rJ^
"
,.
^'-^-'
^^^^
^'^
"^^^
(19)
j:^
d^ ^^^ Lc
,
(_j j
jc.<
n
i/
in this district ?
snipe,
'
wild
'^^
"S^
^'
'"^
-
'^>>'
geese,
Now
^Jj^
lJJ'J'
I
is^ tVV^^
i/
\/
(20)
.
The regiment
will
^^s.;
,
.^^
r
^ ^
.
^-^^ (r.)
'
jJ
..
..
The bunnias
-^
"
"
'-^^
^-r^>>
y'^':^^
must have
supplies.
<c>-
,_^<^
iSiio.'o
'^}
^W.
^J
LESSON
H.
(1)
IX.
April, 1890.
S.
Pushtu.
Whoisthatman? He
^^;5
"
^S^
^cj-
is
^ -
()
of
Tangl
He
is
the owner
"
^
;
^
'^
xa]]
206
(2)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
How
jl>j!
,!(^L^i
^Lej
,_$^\
{*)
lands watered?
By
river.
a cut
_
"^
."r
The
Yes,
^^ ^ J3
^H
^'
s^
^j^^.M-A}jd6^Xxj^^:iJyo
(3)
His revenue
is
thus
^j-^^'^
^^
^jJ'v<,
(r)
lixed.
The
irrigated lands
The
a;i>v ^'>'^
^j^
*.:
_ ^^J^\sj^j
^
^^^
^^
^.,^
^,^^
^3
(4)
He
has two
guest-
.j
_ ^- j ^J ,_j^s^
^"^ ^2^ ^y^
s^ J
()
houses.
mosque.
LS"
Uli^^ALj..*
-r
1
hospitality.
after
.^z_/i^
,
,
s^.lj
j
.
ii
knowledge resort
mosque.
They
'
are a very
....
* SJ
tn
bad
lot.
^^
^/'-'
^j-:.^
^yt
^^ ijy^y
(5)
The
lands
produce
_
"
6j
^
.
mus-
cotton,
sugar-cane,
f'T"
.1
'
^'T"
.1^=^
l3
-
Ji
^i_
,
1.1^4,^
^'i
,1
,/
^^
-j
.^-^
sometimes as much as 60
*
..-j
rupees.
^^; ^>^
^i.
y^^j
COLLOQDIAT. SENTENCES.
207
(6.)
What
way
^J
<Xj
(i)
Not much
uST^.'^
^y^ -^
^j
^_s^y<J^'i'
There are
chikor,
i^^ ji'^
L^Vy'
^j<
y>-
'<->^^'
partridges,
snipe,
duck,
bustard,
and
L5^^
*
'^yJ^ - ^h"
geese.
^>-0^-JVV"^-l5^
jJ
(7)
,1^
i?-*^
s-^'"^
.
^j
''"'^
Shahi
..."
V-
.,
of snipe.
The
and
were
been
^
,
,
i
j,j-
f^
~
very wild,
frightened
cattle.
(8)
had
the
^_^'jo^j.
ji^
u'V*
i
(^"^'j
by
village
*^;JjJ7^.>-J- J^'^y^*;
^
I
v \
also,
^'^i^^i
(^^ '^
'^'^)
let
me
,
...,.,
^
:^
The day
slight rain
>
"V--
v
>
>
^^ H
\
all.
"i
-J
-I
(9)
Do you
No,
'^^
\^..i^^y^'>Jj^
,
.-.
^*>^
^
-
(0
i
here?
they have
,w
Some-
^*
u^
,
y^;j^
H ^J^ y
^^j
'^y^-. '"^
found in the
hills.
^^j^-:^^
(10)
Take
care
how you
Is there a
for
^
jrT
^^ j^^^
i^
(^i
:
^jc,
3iJ
i.)
ford?
Look out
the
^'^^ -
^^
^^Jyi-jyi
208
quicksands.
is
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Possibly there
sjSjt
_ i} J^
,...
^
.
Ar 5
.
JciS,
a ferry, or a bridge, or a
^
..^
A
,\
bank
to
^^
--^
vt-'jr..
..*-/^
bank by a
(11)
rope.
Last
year a
flood
river.
fj
Jj^ 5
_
J'l^
u^3j'.
("
jJ^Ji'.
came down
away.
sections
tlie
C^bul
;_jii
^\j
I-Jitx^
^jxS
^J
J - {JUiy^. {J uJ-H/^
i
the village
XT T, Nowshera
were
A under water.
of
^^
-
-^t
-^
i/
-^
^y >
y^
^^^
<^
^j^ ^J:^^
^ ^,^y
...
,,
~i3 ^/jf
^.
,^
,^
(12)
What
is
the condi-
^yof^ ^
u^ji^iH
'
('
""^
tion of crime in
Peshawar?
>'
joyi, 8^>
^
>
^'^
t__5l
"ji^
.
J
,
_ ^_^j
.s^^^j
'
and
^y
v^
>.
>/
(13)
Who
yet.
.
were
the
is
of-
^^j
-"
cJ^
fenders?
This matter
not
~
J.<j^^ ^ t
((r)
n
i
known
"^
(*->"*
U^3
Jc^s-
^
T
O'^
<-
.^
lti^jJu^
i
JJ^ '--^^
'
- >*
was the
^
j
amongst the
report
s? '
Kuki Khels,
A third
\^^yH
<-^'^v
f J'if"^ "f^
C0I-L()(^UIAI,
SENTENCES.
J
.as^ *j ,0 _ ^wj^'
..
209
lays the
blame on the
Laffhnifin.
Ud
Khels of
.,
^^ ^-ti^ ~
.
TT
(14)
The
It
village
was perto
^K
"
y
.
*j^^
''
aj'
,^ ij
^
^
-'^
JCr>-
f;
,
fectly still as I
went
my
.,..
-.,..
house.
^
^
J->
"
~
^)
-^
^^^
midnight.
to
As
got close
f^-^}
"-^
'^
'^*^
J<^*^ \^t
^
u-rH^
quarter
of
the
y>.
i^
* s>j^]^
(15)
.45 jo
J).
...
,Uj>>/ji> (10)
^
..
,
running
me,
asked
,,..
They
had
the
^
j
'.
f ^
(_jO
t>^7
''^^
j;=^
^j Ai
J^
He was
still
^y^ j^i
if
^_/i>
iJ
')'.>
'^'^^
t_5'-^
ij
^'^ 3'
''^'^
L^.O ^'^
(16)
How
?
^l^
>
^l^
(:
X
,
^
-J'.
^L ^
(n)
9
^
L/^
<)6'
l5^^'vv
j^
.
'x
'-^
'ju Ja~^^
.
..
j*-^
..
Jjv!
^.,
''^v
/ ^
^
^^ ^^ ^
J,,
^
.
'
V^
1
I
210
(17)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The regiment
will be
^
'^'^
L^^-vs^l^
J--^'t*.
(iv)
inspected
by the General.
muscom-
^^
<^.'.
,
^
'^
"
^'
-
^ " "^^^^
lJ^ v^:*.
^
t
^'
\
'
Be
y^'^l*
,,
4^
r:!
^
'
ketry.
Our
march
Sr^
'
v'
>
"
(18)
Are
the
tents
all
^j^
i
^Jy^
,
^_s"^^^
;
("")
ready?
What number
of
/
../
w >>>-.
^^/^
^"^
>
Three hundred
lour
^j*^
.
\
^'^/j-J^i^-
mules
camels.
(19) will be
and
hundred
\^
Supplies of
all
sorts
(jjo,y&
.
iXJlj
j'^^^Jt
,
jcj
(m)
wanted
at
each stase,
'
"^
'
w
^
>
>
^<
^>}i)
^'^^-^. - ^^jjlj^i
make
time.
all
arrangements in
..^^^.^^.i, J^j^l
^ J p^
"'
'
'
(20)
i,
y^
thieves.
Jii
-.
..'o
^
(r.)
,
-,/|
and Khyrabad
The chaukidars
on them.
are thieves,
^^^ _ ^d
,
^r^r
i^^lii
"
i_5 ^ "'-r^'^
J
^'
.
-i'
'^'^' r:^-=^
',.,.
it
^^
Jl
jo ^^J-ji*
^J^^
.loci
J
AJ'j
<.'>&.
COLT,OQaiAI, SENTENCES.
211
LESSON
H.
S.
X.
Pdshtu.
October,
1890.
(1)
is
^^ ^ ^J
,
"i
^,
^,L
^
'^
(i)
o
'
your name?
^^
j^dj.^
^^
lio^-i-
{^^V
What
year ?
is
,^3
^ ^_^^^ 3
^^1^^
aj ^r)
.
(2)
am
a cultivator, and
I cultivate
live in Yusufzai.
'
"^
^
_
^-^
1
^'^^*'^
my
j^y'^i ^
"-^.'^^
(Jti^^;' (*j^
produce.
Heisagreattyrant
^^^
all his
^^
and ruins
tenants.
"
^^
*
^^
^
^^
^
^/
i*")
To
(3)
Why
x>
.
.^^ j^
\.
<x.;
aA
/
'^^_5^^
/i
1
plain to
Government against
'"
.1
him?
use?
-^
^/
J
^
"
'^
^ _^-^
He
ol^^l
yl^lcSAi"^ AAa
chaukidars,
headmen, cha-
^
^
"^
U^^"
J^
'^^
J'o^l^
"
'
^1
prasis, Tahsildar,
and
'
all
are
in his pay.
j'
l/*^
<^Jji ^'^
P J
212
(4)
PT7SHTU MANUAL.
My
lands
I
lie close
to
^i^'ji
^
^
\
^J^ a ^sj
"
i'
\
(*)
the canal.
get the
first
'
my
>
'^^
>'*
^^^^
^""^
.
^^
x!
J^ J^ /^
f^
k >^
'
^
'
^
'
\^jir^
cJ'
j;j
j^'iijy^j
(5)
are
^
^'^
_
yo
-^i
u-^^j
\
^^^
"
*.
In the
Indian
cotton.
"rf.
autumn
we
have
corn, sugar-cane^
and
H
*
" '^yi
^^
'^^
_ ^^^^^^
^
i^
"^-^v
^^^.
J^ - ^J^
(")
(6)
The
^'
t^^'
\
^;
J
,
"
^_^
,\t
On
the former we
"
'"'^
^"r^j-^
_
'^
i^. 3j ^3*^/3^^!^^
On
the
^j^^
^;'_^ J
,"
-'
^^^ ^jj^^^
"
'r^ lt^.
-
v^'^j;
^
not heavy,
/j/^ ^
^Jj^ ^^
^^
to
be rich.
V.
-u-
<)C=-
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(7)
213
^^ J\^.
\i-i
jj
l|V*
"
"
^^.^^ ^
")
^
Michni.
a lot of
On
Mohmands, coming
_
,
^
(Jii'l,
^
<)6"
^^
^.^.'i
J[
-l
j^^i_ ^y^
"
^
'O
People
bank
to
<^
<^Ji^
^v^.
^i
^"^
- 2j
Whose house
is
that?
j
...
^ j_f J
,
^
,*i'
'vr*-
^xAa
''a)
It is
his
.,
gj
4V
14^^ <'s>-
(_f
iXi>-'i^
^1^ - *
^^
^'^3'^ <iiy^Jj.
1
1
^
'
,;^
"
-v.
He
is
t^'
ji.^
^-o^
^y
<-^
L^yj^
(9)
The
the river.
it?
^-'^'^
^ ^'^
t>
^^
(0
just
c:*^'.>^jfii-^i..::^^i-^^iib|Jb
is
}^ c:^U^
JJJ aJ
Peshawar.
(10)
Can you
?
direct
me
^5^^
'^^ij'^
^^,^_yj
j^^- 3
(,.)
to
Takal
Yes, go straight
road, and take the
("^ J^
down that
l5^
'H
3^
^-
o*
214
first
PUSHTU MANUAL.
turn to the
left.
One
^^
%j^^
<xi'
cJ-^XjS
'
Jjl ^
y
^3^^
* ^^I)
^"
^
'j
t''
^^
Fateh Khan.
Ji^ ^Is
^
o
,
^^i-'^
(11) I
^^
.
<xS
^:^jJ
.,
.
j*
o>!^
^^.
(n)
We
^^
>
(_^^
^
>.
^^^
i,^-.
^^'^
t
y
^1
.
U^;**"*
.ili
Two
(12)
What
is
the
name
of
*y ^^
^\
^_
'
^^^
^_5*i
i
(if)
c^
that
iheel?
It belongs to
.
...
'
-.
Shahi
(village)
There are
'^z
^ ^^^
" '^'^
"^^^
'^
,
at.
{ji^-j^[,\^)^^.^^^^^j[i^\
and are
"
Li>r^.^
U^}
'
'
(13) I
had two
shots,
and
^^
^/^
...
^^;*i ;'>
^^
\
('^)
'
n\
'"
^>--
vis
damp.
^^^-
The caps
-j j ^'^^
*
^^''^
u^*^
S-^'f^
^/
^^^1;^ ^j^.^
^^^
COLLOQUIAL SENTiiN'OES.
(14) It
215
^'^
,
was a moonlight
was
still
jos^
s^
...
night.
All
in the
~
^
'
lI*'^ ^"
.
.
village as I
alley.
^il
L*
(^
t
I
iXi>-
^j
,
J:
aL
J
,
s.cS*
,
\hat cry
fired.
heard a shot
'.^^AC ^^
The
cry
^-
"
'
(15)
was
in the
<)cj;'.i-
^"
.
K d
"^
'
-z
(lo)
^
^
<x.
^
^1
,
iS^ '^^i.
.
f
-
'^v)
^^^j
^
He
was ereatl
^
alarmed.
(16)
He
The
said
that
.^'sS
,
._.
^
,
^
$.
^i>
(if)
burglary
mitted.
had
been
thieves
comgot
^^
^l5 .o
oj'^
^.-^
_
8
^r^
Srr^
.1
and dug
J-i
^^
The
v/
'^
ov/ y
^'-u^'
(17)
He
^.
fired a pistol at
It hit
^'Ij
^di
^j
<ri5
(iv)
the thief.
right hand.
him
in the
The
thief ran
U^^
^ H -J}
j^j't
j'^
"
,
o'^'^
"-^
>.
up the
staircase,
ascended
^^^^)
..
.-.
^
.
'^^v
"T
v-
and hid
in
the
t^ ci^Ur^
^o
^d '^^>
*
<io*i
216
(18)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
They asked
the mulla.
AAA4.J &>
.,
JU
.
^^
^
''
(*5
.
He
was a
searcher after
wisdom. They
^"
<^^i^Ji j^-j
-*^
~ ^j
(*''^*
^i"^
(19)
J^
^1
hundred rupees.
Why
To
J ^ ' ^"^^
<)U<3JLo
...
^
^'^'
'^
<^ ^'^^
did he want so
much?
^^Xi>^ s^^ii ^j
# 8
nush up the
case.
Uj
(20)
The
regiment
will
-u^/^/ii^.^
_ ^
i
'^
'^
('')
march to-morrow.
ply ready
at
Get sup-
j^ ^^
*
^-i^
^|^^
every stage.
^^
Warn
the bunnias.
^J
^'i
J^^^-
LESSON
H.
(1)
XI.
S.
Pushtu.
has
Aiml, 1891.
i.L
You
say
there
d^
JiJ^
1
n^ ^\^
->
iS {\)
been no rain.
It has been
SP
'
-
>
->
months.
How
are
<itjj^ _ t^^j>j
^j^^ ^
\Jj^.
the crops?
s^-0.^^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
217
(2)
The chances
mustard,
of wheat,
dal,
^'xc
...
barley,
and
,.
,.
,.
,.
Later
^^
-f^
ii
\J
"
.
"-P^^
<S"^
l,..
^'^ ^ LJ^-
^
.
^^ ^
and
cotton.
Of
this
>..>...
we know nothing
at present.
(3)
Who
is
that fat
man ?
((.;j^
,
He
"";;
^) *^iy^ ^^ ^
-
^^
,^.
^_yJ
(")
owner of ten
thousand
^
^1
^^
'^'*
jaribs of irrigated
and
fifteen
'
L-^%j^ jj
^j^^
^,
^ ^^^ ^
^,
l^^
(4)
pay ?
of stream
rupees an acre.
the word
^\
which
is
equal to
two
(5)
" jarib."
His village
left
is
situated
^J^ ^j,^
^,
on the
J^
(e)
He
218
(6)
PUSHTU MANUATi.
Is there
any sport to
earn e is to
<kj
S .xli,
i
Xw
i/
<!^L
^..
<K"jila
(i)"
^
be
had?
found
What
in
^..
~i
be
Peshawar
;
later on
"i_5^
^^i
^5^*
i
' '-5'^*^
'St^jT^
^
v
in.
In the
^c
bustard
and sand-
"^
^ib^ r ^J'^ u^
b^-"
(7)
What
is
the
name
is
of
^_c5^y
n^L
this village ?
Who
known
the
^ ^d
"^
"
.
:i
(v)
^ ls"*
khan?
Is he
?
for his
o^P
'^^^
'^^^
^^^
^^^
hospitality
^ a:i aii*
i_^/;^
(8) I
want
is
to
go to Taru.
^Jji
.
JU
^.
.
<k1
.^'o
-.
sj
,
(a)
Which
can
I
the road?
How
the
s>
get there?
By
^^^
^'^ ^
C^l)
river, or
by
rail ?
H
aJ
'^-S^'^
''^^.
(*'^
(9)
Why
do you wish to
ii^
"
i
^
^i.
jcliii
(0
go there ?
offences
there.
Because a
lot of
^^.^ ^^.y<jL
^ * ^^'^
j.^ji
jcaU JCr^
bad
village.
J^ J^"^
l5^"
'...
f-."^
'
^.^
(10)
^
-^
aj>^
Sr^jr^^
^^"^
'^
'
*^
...
was a burglary.
cold
still
was a
^.,..
^.
^
"
^,
^
'
.-.c
night.
A shot was
in that
^
y^i y.
'>^"
k-^'^ JiU-^^^j _
'j^^
^^^
^s>,
^
J^^j^^.j^ "
,^^\^
.
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(11)
219
{n)
,
.-.
.^ i^.^^ ^^.^j^=^ S
.>
i
hole
wall.
'
"
made
in
the
south
^Jj^'^i,
^
^,y J
^,
T^
The
noise
_ 5 j ^Jyi;-
^JT"
master,
who fired
(12)
Who
been
\d tj .
,
^ sj
u/j^ Ji
,
(ir)
i
He must
alter
.
-^
have
seeker
-^
i
>
^
-'
knowledge.
* ij*
L_^i'Je
(13)
The
man went up
jumped
fled
<jJ
..^
.^
,
iJ^^^j
^
<xj
Jcis ((t~)
\x-
house,
into
^
*
SP ^
'^
the
lane,
and
to
the
^^y
^_$y>-< ^_J
'-^^'^^ y
mosque.
(14)
ci^'.JijJisr
.
^Ijjs^JU
(ii)
came
to
make
the inquiries.
.^mi
''
-i
^
i
He
fs
a very
long-headed
re-
"
yp
-^
fellow.
He
immediately
^J^-^^s^*^
^_ct)
^^-^
(y
J-
j^ 3 (Jx
A=^
'^>^j^^
^-^'j
* Sj
^XJ'iU
(15)
this ?
once
you
J
r^
'"'
St'^'
<K:>-
^"''^
.x^
^ -m
J^,
bring in
trans-border
220
people,
f erred
PUSHTU MANUAL.
the
case
is
transfile.
y
..
^^J^\
/
to the political
^,
^Jj^^
"
xiob
J^i
J^:>^
(n)
If
*^
Ij
~ -^^
J',s-
'^'^
-^ ^JJi-JJi
8.^
.
^^
,.,
"
J J
4_^j
,
aJ
which
to
is
bank by a
(17) I rode
^^
<jo
>^
"*
my horse down
I found it
^i'o ^^j-.lc
...
,4,
(iv)
"'
.
and quag-
'
(*^
***
-^^ ^-^
J ^^U
^
I
mires.
ous.
It
8^ ^s)
^^^ ^
^
^^
ao
'T/i.
(18)
The General
will in-
L^^^r^UJjJ^
Uc
(ia)
is
ready,
(^
J
j.a
ajs-
,^_5^-=^
-i^i
i^y
-^
\
- l5^ y;^
i?
^/^
<^ Jl=
J;s^ fj (m)
The regiment
starts
jo ^=r^
Black Mountainf at
^af "
'
6 a.m.
s^-
^^JJ^\^J x3
"^
j^^\ ^^j
cj'*^'^ "
S:!^
>'
t The " Black Mountain "is the name given to a transfrontier tract near the Hazara It is di^trict of Peshawar. called "Agror" by the tribeHmen.
(
.>v
<^
rs
xx
COt/LOQUIATi SENTENCES.
221
(20)
y'oii-'o^
3
v.
^^
/
^
^
^
(r.)
y
It
came
to
a whirlpool.
The
''
>
^j^
<xlcl^
j_^
f
L-j^^iJ
>
^^
\
the
..
\^'
LESSON
H.
(1)
XII.
S.
Pushtu.
October, 1891.
Take the
recruits to
^^s: <ks^
xj
^.Ij.^J.
\
(i)
\
^ ^-^ T' ^
Jo
j.
Jj-
^J'
\/
i^^^
\~
j3i
^
\
^S
\
.'uo'
ajibb
"
"
(2)
id
,
Lj^s^'wc
^.
-^
.'joas
(p)
for
you about
riflys.
theft of
these
suspect that
enlisted last
TT^o u?
s^
^p
^^
<xii
^ib ^ /~
'
\
^_^
4
222
(3)
PUSHTU MANUAT,.
I
.1
8iS
well-known
bad
character,
was
;
in the city
yesterday
COLLOQUlAIi SENTENCES.
I
22H
'>^ (''^
(7)
have
heard that
^ji
-'-^.n'
i
i^^|..'
..,
there,
^^^ ^'^/'
^^'^
''"^^
^\f^^
<0 *~
i
'^^y^
^^
^
<ti
^K
'
^'
the
hills.
'
^''*^>'
CI
"^
Aj
^V-^'-^' >'
jj"
-^-'^
l^i
don't
want me
^^^^
jc>.
jsj
js^
ifJ
<)Cr-
i^Mj
iJ
S wj
it)
(8)
am
willing myself
all
^
^
gj j^,^^^
^'
^a^ t^
(^)
to take yon
over the
T^^^^*
^^
.Lu j
!
''^^
w>
/i
'^^^ '^
your safety.
Malik, this
is
^
a bad
If
*i<L J
(9)
^j
Ij
cXi.< (0
i
^
i
you can
'^^
in order.
Government
will
"
jj
^'i
^
j^j
j^^
.
,jj^
,
aV
..i
have
.to
to take other
measures
^
-^
Ee-
^-^
--
^''^
lt^"^
member, until
this is satis-
^S J
'
--
{^s--
own
are stopped.
i_5-^^ ij^
H ^f^
s/*^
(10)
Sahib,
what can
a_5.
\,\
\^^^\.^
/
i
(i.)
.^
r (
do?
.-.
224
The
best
PUSHTU MANUAT,.
way
is
to
make
in
^li
.
Ij
J^
^
d^,
^
"
J^
reprisals
v
>
down
^-^
- ^
c_5:j
J;-^|;
(_^^
l5^
l-^
(11) Raiders
may
try and
sjj
'
d..xJ:^
..
^
.
cU.?
ti
(ii)
t
'
i
^^
)
>^^"
^
'^.^
S?/
>
*
(
J-^^
^ J3 j'^
ij^:^^
(12)
^^
\^'
'
3
\-
^s^ J^
<
^
i-
('O
.
did
much damage
the
^
^1
(.4^^ J
yo
J^i oKii>i
and
j^^
crop
^^
1-
^
^1
-Tf^' J
^
<>^
.
y^ ^^^^)
^
:^
J - ^jL, j
(13)
This
is
the
third
5 ^JxJ ^^K
.
fj
^
(ir)
murder in that
to
village due
this
blood-feud.
This
^^
^j^
(^^'^
'j>j
'^r^H''^^^'
'^^
^^
1^
^j
_
^
,.
'^r:
^_J^^
heavy
on the whole
^i^' ,^^
'^^
^-^
^
village.
^1}
i^ Jy
jl
COLLOQ,[TIAL SENTENCES.
225
JcAa
.
(14)
Was
no clue
dis-
jtUU*
''?-
^^
^
<o
(ii*)
'-
covered in
tliat last
case ?
/ ^
(15) Well,
tvas
Sahib,
;
there
j_^jjji'vi
"^
U^ Id-^^-U
^
(lo)
.
no evidence
but one of
r
"^-^ -S^
'V-^^^ j
\
I
-^
-^
''y**'
-'
J
/
''^r*"
.
^^
-7
'^
LESSON
H.
(1)
XIII.
April, 1892.
S.
Pushtu.
Who
is
is
that
man?
Where
*^^
<;>
^'^ ^
^
What
is
he doing ?
/-
What
'^^
C^^
.
>^
^_5J
^cO ^^
(.--^*>*^
(2)
His name
is
is
Ahmad.
^^
i\a--i
^
/, '
(r)
By He
trade he
a fisherman.
^><...
^^
-i
<
lives at Tangi,
and is the
,
^
*
>-'
^^J ij;^
^^-^
y KS^y
'^
^
^'^j"
(3)
He catches fish
in the
^"^^
'^ H ^l^^
,.'^. 5^.1
(^'
^;
226
PUSHTU MANUAL.
_
LSxi\
^
i
^jV:*^
A^y*"
^
'^
^^
,
ly
war.
His trade
is flourisli-
mg.
^(_> ;
T^
iiUj)
(4)
is
Where is Ab-xzai?
It
^5
^
'^
-?^-
^p\
J*^
'^
(^)
war
^^
^i^
aJ
''^-
LT/^-^
^.
>'^^::
,
ci.?!..^
3 _ 3
killed there.
"
^.^
V^ ^
^^'^
(5)
What
occurred then
,is.j
Sy:
c
\
A^
~\
'jo
(c)
The Sarkar
punish the
sent troops to
\
\
T"^
"
Utman Khels
(^;Aj
5000 rupees
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(7j
227
u-l^
..
,
I had
snipe,
my gun,
six
and got
sj jtir^!^
.
^^.^
.
("')
"9
.
five
ducks, and
^
three geese.
..,
,.
(8)
What
season of the
(*^
year
it
is it ?
In two months
..
^ >
will be spring.
will
then be
in.
v^-"
^^J
"
^.
i^jj^ ^"^
^
^^
^^^. ^^^
c^
.
(9)
What
grows
here?
t^jJ^
'J^^
^
.
^
(1)
, .
j;1L!j
Barley,
wheat,
mustard.
The bustard
of mustard.
- -^
~ ^j*^
<*:-;
^
.j-
..
- \,^.ji
In the autumn
^c
"
^^^^ ji^
^
f^j^
we
have sugar-cane.
^
7
j^
^
1
(10)
^ ^:
! ..
>
''
c.^',
a^
''
(1.)
got?
Ten jaribs
^"^^
-^
^/
'
-^^"^
The
.i"
<Kljksr,
>;
^
.
'
^^ ^^
.
.1
T-^^-'
-^^
j^j'*'
"
^^
(11) I
pay 'Government
[^H*; sj^ ^
^^^
"'
^'''
t)
my
^,
/
^
^,T_^
^''
^
^
This as
J^
'
^^"^
^y
iji^
Jo J
^t
\^,ij
(
Q 3
228
(12)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Has
S^j
-'s-,.
^^.i,
^^l.'j
^i
t
(tp)
rain?
'
My
^
lands
close to
tlie
'^
/
*>'
^r ^
^
.^
" / ^"^
^^
^*
canal.
On
this
account I
^^
^i
i_^(J
u/'^"^'
-
manage very
well.
^^S
^K
J^li
j"
o J
I
(ir)
Last
'
-f
-.O
^'^
-^
committed here.
were proved.
Only ten
aj^'ij^lj
t
^-Sj^t
.
.
^
,
j^-
u^irt
.
ii
(-
(14)
S (<x^i^
..,
!-.
'^i
y
^j^
^
J^
J
*^
''i
i/\
('t^)
^.
^"
j^iJi^
Ss^'
across
These
x>
^d S J
.
. i
offences.
-^
15)
What
follows then
JU
diXA*
^^_^
,J^->'
^
'.
'J^
;i v
'
o)
The property is taken to Akhor and kept there. Other men are charged, who escape. The police all take bribes.
.1
^*i.
'J
^
^
...
^il=m
..o
i
A.;
.
i
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(46) Last night,
229
xs>-
when
all
Sj
^j
a:..i,
'.^ (n)
was
still,
a burglary
was
He
enemy Akbar.
thief
was a searcher
after
'^V
r'-
;^
knowledge.
(17)
The
thief got
into
the
court-yard.
He
broke
The noise roused The man then the owner. fled to the mosque which
the door.
lies in
of the village.
(18)
Have
Yes,
any
orders
j:>
'jut
_ ^
t)
* 3'
will
be
inspected
to-morrow,
and
X*^Ki>-
i^*- J
'^"
march on Friday
for Cherat.
'
^J i ^/
^!r^
^-
VJ
'^v
(19) -Ask
the
quartertents
and warn
tjie
bunja>
x>
c<s^
-ij
t^i
J^'i-^
^^
stage.
The milk
o-ood.
^}
J-^'^
^J
i^iii
^ ^''
5lfJ
230
(20)
PUSHTU MANUAti.
On
arrival at
Taru
have
J
~
^l..;
15^;^
"
^
^
}j^
^
^
jSiX;!^
,
(")'
.
.
warn the
men.
police
and head-
They
must
^ -^
,
L/"^^
i6
<J^ t_cO ^
,
^ia
,
and on the
alert.
"
uy
>
^>V
J1J.J
LESSON XIV.
H.
S.
Pushtu.
Octoher, 1892.
(1)
Ij
_
-
The
^^y
^
.,
(1)
Kalpani
ravine.
Do you
^
r*^**
^^
-^
^
^'^'
I.
^ i_?'
^ j'^ ^'^
1^
Yes, I do.
The khan
_ ^^S ^^.^
Ai'
_ y&
(r)
,li^.>
He
famous
^-^^j
^J ^A y jiji yj
^..
(3)
He
has
two
guest
places,
all
^i
^j^ J
"
^^^^
ir)
^^JT
O^i^ ^^,
^^- <j:^^a^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
prayers
231
Xj
on
a
Friday.
friend
His
of
jj
^Ks-''^
.^
<l*.-o^
mulla
is
the
1.
Manki mulla.
J/^
(4)
What
lands has
the
khan got?
Two thousand
and one
c^'l.^.c
jaribs of unirrigated
- -
i-?'^
Z
^_c^'
^J
y^.
The Swat
,^..
"
\\\
232
(8)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
What
^j*
^.
*
jj,^ ^^^
. ,
<tOi
..
(^'^
~ '^^
^^^
^ "^
&j
aC
J^
Hashim
iJS^k jjS^ j li
Xujfc
o.J
Khan
is there.
^^
*^ Jt
y^.;
3I
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(J2)
233
Does
he
Yes,
like
lie
imsays
^j
....
u*'j^ tj
,,"
"^
^
("*)
f/i-.
prisonment ?
^
,^->
,
-'
and he obtains
free.
his
,j-^.j^< j-.'^
'^'^^j^.
*-'"^
The
'^i^j
V ^I'i^
;'
^/''^
for thieves.
^J^^.Ji^ y-^
^'^ij'^ - (^*^*
(13)
Sometimes a
thief
^
[**"
<xi.,'j
Jx
''
.3^^
^
i
(ir)
^
,
J
aj
..
^1
my corner
ready
Jl I.Uj
,
^
,,.
yJ^
ur:?. j'
,^
forme."
^x
(14) It
villaoe.
was
all still in
the
.&
jlis.^J!L
i,
L/^l5''^ ^
,
^
''^v
'
^^
,
shot
*
j:/i
'^
'
>c'-
^
(^
was
fired
in
the southern
ai j j,)
,^>^ J-:M^
d Xj
,
a^S
au
,
Jiss^^
^j,
j-
(
i
o)
-r.
running
He
y
'^
.
w
/"
>
:Ojl;j'^
.
''^ - '^Jj^j
'"^^^
f
man
fled
234
(16)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Being a moonliglit
^
'',
^1
sf
t
t-<j^ (n)/
\J>
night, tlie
man jumped
into
v"
>'>^
^"
*
way reached
^
the
'^^yljyi
cJ^
<-;^'^
y^.")
other bank.
(
17)
The
regiment, will be
l^^s-'.a5
^
J.jJ^
-^^
a;j
'ju?
v)
^
>
'
'^
H^^ ^
t^^
<<
"
i
ready.
^ -rP
(u)
-^
(18)
^4,^ _j^o
.
..
j:j
<icj
i^j;;).^
Tt
'
T
>-^^
7i'
*^
^"
i? '^'^
* <^^
j-^ "^j
yjij^
^'""^
Have all tents quickly repaired. The bunnias must Ten lav in food of all sorts.
(19)
H
H
^
jj
^,
^^^ ^^
^,^^^
"
'
^j ^^^^ 1^
"
'
"
wanted
at
- i^j^
^^
\jf^
^ji^
^y'
each stage.
j^^ ^^^
^
.,
jli^V
(20)
^^^^^
,
tXLj^
^ xf
^^
"^^
^'"'^
the river.
^1
\''
The heat
is little
-
^^ ^
^^
^-
^.
and there
i^j^
^^
^|
U"*"
'^
i^
^ ^^^ ^
,; ^^-^
^^ j
^*^
iJ^
^J
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
235
LESSON XV.
H.
S.
Pushtu.
is
April, 1893.
(1)
j^^-^. '^^^-v^^'^Jo
,
^yi
...
(i)
^
to begin in
Yes,
first
I hear so.
What is
?
the
'
^^
'
"^^
V^""
(V-J
'
^^
ls
thing to be done
^^?^ ^^ ^ ur ~
(2)
f^
^J^J
^
^!^J ^J^
*i "
' i
3
c
(r)
Every
field,
ravine, hillock,
>
^
.-.
"
'
The
y
'"
o"-^-^ ~
t
. ,
J^
"'
" l5*v ^. j^
'^,!
\
>!
a good man.
(3)
How
is
the revenue
fixed ?
calculated and
At
and
^JJ<i^.,^ ""
.
dXL
^
j;JU
,
"
(r)
^
><"
^"
'
>^
'*:'.
t_^^ - J^
^'*^
'"^.J
^'
T-y
i^j3
Those
fields at
the head of
<Uj ij
<<-; ^-'
J yy
^-^
^..
^j^^
(^)
(4)
How
is
the boundary
^^ ^,^ ^
^
^'J'
^l. ^j^
y^^
^
^^
W/^^J-^*
^.1^. ^^\^
,,^;^
has led
for
to
incessant
quarrels
over
twenty
s>i^
j*''^"
^"^
lj-'!;
236
years.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Something must be
done now.
(5)
shooting.
but
could
no
ford.
down
stream.
1*^'*'
J^
^J^
(6)
duck rose up on
bank,
80
S^
^J^
^^^
84^
J
<)i"
(l)
the right
shot.
which
I _ Aa^^o . ^
i)C5.
.i
()uu
I missed
two snipe on
the
left
bank.
too
flock of
geese
were
to
far
away.
Owing
(7)
Why
is
sport so bad
this year ?
little,
The
all
rain
was
and now
the jheels
birds are
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(^)
237
^e^J ^j~j'
"
.
The
fields are
now full
:
^1
,
wio.^l
.
aJ
('^)
of barley and
wheat
all
the
^
^
sugar-cane has
been cut.
in.
-'
Sr-
-^
k-^*^
,,
The
'
quail
are
coming
\^jx^ (_
<J,y^
,,
Sr^X^^/v
.
call birds.
You
r-
^t
>'J^\'-r>J
^. >
^'^^ t^^
y^.i
i^jyi
y^^
Jo^
(9)
jjy:
^i^
,
..
^ ,.."'
K
^.:;
(0
It
came
from
the
'^
Ai.^>
^
a.>
^^^^
-T
&; <xi
-^
<jcj'
western quarter.
The chau-
j'-^ji"^ _
]
^
;
^
:^
^^
j'^'^
(
~
"
committed in
Hoti.
The
fired
^^j-^
l/^^
sj
u^ ^^y^ H
,^. jj^
them.
^^
(10)
Has
the
regiment
^c,UJol;^^ <xl^
<.
.
^A;;3.j (i .)
^
"
,..,,/'
pends on them.
lads, the
Well done,
238
the
list.
PUSHTO MANUAL.
You
shall
have
j;.,
^'JL.
^
,
,^UCl;
''\
. ,
j^A^Jl.-
LESSON XVI.
H.
(1)
S.
Pushtu.
Odobn-, 1893. _
am going
to
out shootTell
iug
to-morrow.
be
the
at
^
^.^
jJ
;
,1^
^
'
'ju?
.
(i)
..
Shikari
present
^''^
''
-'
^>'
5;:;^'^
Nisatta, with
six coolies, at
i^ji
iy^
v-'';^'^*
'^
Is
?
-i
^ij^^ ^;^6'
^"^
What
At
sport
may
I expect?
^.
.
j^-^
c
j'^^
^.
'
^
<;
'
lS^^"_ff
i,.
this
season
duck and
in
t
"
>
geese are
river,
plentiful
the
^'-''-^
to be
^'^
,
H ^5^
^^i
')
J^:^^
had
^^ ^<j^
"
You may
find
some bustard
fields.
Li^l'
^
^>
^^ ^^^
'^
H i^^ U^
_?*-:
JO J
t/j-^ '^
^>'-;*
^p-*^*
^'
(**
J^-
240
PUSHTU MANUAL.
and the
village
must
be fined.
(4)
The
regiment
will
Mohamad been
out leave?
day.
To-day
It is said that
he
is
return.
(5)
deal
which
j-J
J
wells.
Be
Lp
At Akora
the
men must
rifles,
be careful of
their
as several thefts
cor.roQUiAi, sentences.
241
o-^ ^
(l)
(^)
What
is
the revenue
Is the land
?
<^^
.0.1'.,:
J^
of this village ?
irrigated or not
Much
of
the land
'the
is rice
land.
Since
been cultivated
extent, but
to a great
is
the country
was formerly.
(7). Are
there no hospitals?
j;jl-io
xiSSx^jJn
c<L
(v)
J jcJ S.J
.JD
doctor sahib
is
very kind to
the
patients,
who
receive
Government.
(8)
What
fresh
news
?
is
;'J
..
.1
It
1,
o
cJ
i.
feeling
and
figliting
among
is
being ruined.
not go that
Travellers do
all
U">
>t)'0_^
-.'
way now,
the
242
(9) I
PUSHTU MANUA1-.
hear a great deal of
jj
,
J,.*^ ^J
.
<xr^-
>^I
s;
..
(i)
salt
o'oes
from
Cabul
to
T^T
''
*
iTT"
'
'
^
(Jj^
,^y
^
,
<?
.
'
'
(<
Are there no
carried?
saltis
f;'.
- ^^^^
c
<xxj-s)
s^^J ^JjJ
mines in Cabul?
the
salt
How
,.
Chiefly
^J^'^H J^^
x^
'
Sr^ij
v;'>
''^^**'
,^C~:^
;'
by
'^'^
Khattak
carriers.
ij"^
j'
-?/"
'^
((>^^^)
(10) Select
{^^^ *
~
(' '^
Kagan
valley.
They
tlie
j^ ^ ^^ ^,
'
^ ^j^.
'
'^
.
u>,^
^s
^ Jo'o
^ia>
^^ J ^
3
and espeof
jj^
^
on
the
number
^
^^
^
.\
J^
.K
"'
''^
villages
and
the
supplies
s/'^'^
Ic.^^
y
^^^j.
'^'
c jJ>
'^
d^
.
How
far is Chillas
from Balakot?
fighting
How many
<d^ J
^
^
>
'^^
^l:^ ^
^^i^^^^-^.
..
JLo
^^
ixi.<;'j'
(^^t^^^^ o)
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
24'^
LESSON
H.
S.
XVII.
April, 1894.
Pushtu.
(1)
is
Jokj*^
^jLi'^^ i ^'
^
(i)
^
it?
Very
I shall go out
*
"
'*
^
'
j^y
-t
^^ ^
"'
j^
<o
Jvi,
,
my
bearer to wake
if
seven exactly,
asleep then
;
me am
tell
'-
'
,^
'^^
still
and
c:^i>^
3b
^iay
jl
^j
<)C3
^_^^ ^^>^
.vj^t
^jK^
|^_
^^^,
f'.l'j
b'^
jj^nj
^ ^J) ^ jj;^'v
^.
^j
(*^
U^j'
^
J^
.
''^ '^^ -
t_>J^'
^h'^
4-
^-
^^y j-^
^) Last time
I shot at
a;]
;o'j
-v
.^;
J^
^
.
;:^j
.,
(i*)
/
>
;
^^
'
^^
^.
[*J
^^^jji^^^
i
^.y^ ^^. -
ij%j^
%
'
my
'
"(*
'
't?^
^
^^
\
^"^^^C
i_5^.-j
i6^-^yaj<^
f>
\ \
^
i''
.:
244
(3)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Are yon keeping the
All true
^ ^yi
^^^
t>
^.xi
x^ ^^^ nj^
''^'
,
(r),
last or not ?
Mu"'
.,.,(
^
(V'^^i;
"
ls^3 ^
.
t3>*
....
*'^=^- ^^
.
Come with me
Last
before
you can.
the
,.
^^ '^
l^^l
&^
,
>>
' '^'^
O"^'
%jm
year
and
year
ifJL\j
several
in
111
raids
took
place
nlflp.fi
thfi the
J^
^'
j'
S^^.:^
winter.
^^
u>**^
^j
^^ H
i^
,
tJ
(4)
When
going to Mar-
jy ^^
jJ
Jidj^
.
(h=)
~^~v
..
->^v>v
-
v_?>
i.^
>*
by the ford
the water
is
in other places
j^y f^
c
^^j^_Jyi^
.
(
^
c
-iS
i
is
very deep.
I^
"
,\
-T-
tt"
and snow
'^^
^Jf^..
'^^
^-j}
e.'-*
s^'^
in the hills.
The
steep cliff
is
^ ^^^l (^ ^^
"
^^1)'
'
in
so
independent
territory}
j;,
S^^ ^^ ^ (-^iaj'
"
'^^
^f/;; ^ t^''^yj>
^K 3
^ ,^
^^ J
ixl
(5)
My uncle's
house was
^^^^^S
''
ySl^
'^^
-?
(e)
broken into
last night,
and
'^^^'J
t-^'^^'*'
^^
^T^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
stolen.
245
_ Jji iU
'i
a.;
^i>
^^
Ji;
y>
'^,.
<Kj
Jl^
"!
.,
i.
me.
I do not believe
^r
'
"
"
<Jy^' '^'^
a:.>'^uj <jd.l.
evidence.
The complainant
Sahib, he
lalsely,
-^O^xj
-
.^lj^^j,-jjb'Ji
^
|..
me
owing
to
''^-;
'^^
>^
an old enmity.
^^^^
i_?
jj ^^^j
J L_.o-
.c
* S:^/
^-'^'v 4'>'^'^
Av^
''
-^
r"
(6)
The
at
regiment
nine
will
^.
""
"
^>
H lt^
.''
^ u^
<f
('')
march
There
to-nieht.
^
"'
on Sapri.
e;y
^__,j
" \J^)
^ *^ l5^ '^ ^^
j
=^-^
^^J
.
J-^^
..
^y^.
There
is
'^
-^1/
-^f..^
^^
<?^
^^'
'"^
^! ^j^
'^ ^
'^^
,
<tj
^Uli ^^J
T^*^
sT
-
'
^^' '^
-
..
(7)
There
is
a great deal
year,
'uJj^lj
,
ssy^j
Jl^ y^
"
(v)
1
of sickness this
and
'
-'z
'
cholera
will
most
likely
>
^
\
'
spread to
careful
Peshawar.
are
Be
kept
^y'x^) X:^^yi
^i.^i.^ ^.y}
the lines
/
1
/| v
"*^
y.
-^
i^-'?'^^*-'^
i.j^^^a^
J^ *^
246
melons or other
allowed to
sepoys.
(8)
PUSHTU
fruits
iMANUAr,.
are
yljjt'a^
jc.-
t)
i^^-*
.
i_5'
.
y
.,
be sold to the
^'
"
^
('^
.
jjo
.
s^
,
<3^i^ ^
.,
,,
.
^
t
'
stolen
last night
from the
>.
'
cantonments.
thieves
are
Kuki Khel
suspected.
S:^^
If
^^ ..
I
^L
'
\j
^^
i^
'^^.
-
"j^
^^
j,.
-^^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
-^
S5^
*
j^
J ^J"^
^J
"
LESSON
H.
S.
XVIII.
October, 1894.
Pushtu.
(1)
Have you
ever
?
filed
How
the
do you act?
petition
I go to
^i
<^
-^
'
-^
"
writer;
he brings
V
^i^,
V/
_
-^^
(J
M-)^"
^'^0
-^^
'
'^
^
Uj
jj
/jJ
t
my name
pay
him,
on
it
I
-J
then
and
give
^^jj.
"'V\
3 J
^
:
f*^'^
^^
,
j 15^!;
\
^
tJ
^y
\^
my
case.
fJ >^
/^
S:?y>
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
(^)
247
j
(r)
examines
my
the
is
paper
then
,,
^
Sr^yj
pay
day
for
process -fees.
sent for on a
^_^y.
V
*-:
^^ -
Defendant
fixed.
^li'dX*
.,
^^.
We
both appear
the
.
\
with
our
witnesses;
/'' V.^^^''"
'"'^ t>"S:>V>'^*
-ij^^
case is heard
and decided,
suits last
y'^i^-^ yo^^-ai- j
!$j^j
Sometimes these
for years.
(3)
in
^ ^ o^^ V o
^
.
^ '^i
.
('^)
I'
\
-J
' l5'"^>'
"^^
^.-^
(*>-
_ 'JLyc,iu j
dA-Ki"
>_3
!$.t) .1
^>'-^^
and miners.
There will be
* i^jS
The General
'
will
inspect
<Xj
thein.
^""^
(4) so
Why
?
is
the General
"'
^'^
'-r-^^''-^^>
J'T^^
V*^*^
. ..
particular
about
these
?
,
y^S
^
"'-...
J.cJc'.3
parades
frontier
We
^"
''
"
^
i!^ ^^li
^
(..^
^^
ready for a
(-L^is-
Jd^
-
^Xa
men
they
fired
,^^
j^^^
'
_^^,
j^
^-
must
at.
hit
the
the
thing
^l^y L}^ji'^
^ ^*^ ^, ^^^
\J)
^.j
^r^
*
If
soldiers
^^
^ ^J
248
PUSHTU MANUAL.
J-J^^^
.
no good.
,^
^diJ
(5)
Who
is
th^t
?
man
aI.j J
j"'
.
<x
.'
As^
j_^^ acia
^
'
(o
.
He
the
the
chaukidar
of
village.
AVhat
is
he coming
affair
^
^,
-
^^
^j
^.^i^jii^
^ i^d -^^
<ki^y> X)
iiJjJ
here for ?
Some
must
j^-yjj ^^aJ..< JCxil
vil-
^J^\;
ij\0
.,..
i^;^^j
,
jl
4_^.
reportit.
station.
the police-
_^3
^^
^ ,^_
'
he says.
fhair
is
^^
"
the deputy-inspector,
^)^ ^^^s^
-xAa <t>.
^j^^
s^
jJct
^^^^
jo.
^ ^^
k^)
^
(6)
Well,
Ahmad Khan,
Last night at
A^
'
Q^
'
J^>^'
;,
(i)'
^vllat is it?
11
p.m.
was going
my
^^^^^
'"'
^^^
-
,^
^;, ^^^
\
^j
^f^
^|
i^
^
^^
<::^^
!^,
J*^
sT
^
^
^
.
A^
*"
^
A^i
'
'=^j^
i!^]^
.
^
\\
\/
"
^ *
j^
^>j^\^
ji.
^
\
t^AXi*
\-
J^
^ ^C
t ^^
gtabbed
by
dagger
J-'^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
the^
249
stomach.
Please come
quickly.
(7)
What
are those
are
men
doing?
They
looking
of Jamal Garhi.
object ?
With what
settle-
Because the
J AjJ',
J-.
ment
is
about to commence.
it
j^ L5^"^^ t^r"
*
JSJ JoOUw 8
The revenue on
light.
(8)
is
very
y.^
what
^^
^^
^^^j
^J>.:
(-)
The
may
;
consist of hills
some
;
depend
entirely on rain
and a few
ar* irrigated
a
separate
fields.
He fixes
on
each.
rate
iJ-i-J
J^ i^y>.
(9)
Is there
?
much
sport
in this country
Yes, there
250
cool an.
PUSHTU MANUAL.
In the forest there
foxes,
Jio.a. Xj _ ^_^^ i_>^^
.
1
;^
^^'^
^
are
found
jackals,
Last are
'
hares, deer.
These
;
^-^
"
^^
-^
'^
J ^^^ ^'
^^^^^
shikaris
a^u.^.=
^J^J
J ^i-
^^H^
^J^->v
^,^^^^
_^^
^Jl/^^^r^.^
^.'^
LS-lr"^
(')
\
(10)
How
do you arrange
I ask a certain
U)
^^
^
,
i^is. ojjj-o
\
for quails ?
\:.
khan
to assist
me.
He sends
..--*>
Jc;
>
^j^
^
men with
call,
call-birds to the
^Ai)-*ji^i OiXo
'
.
i^^ <w
.'
\
>
''^
\\
to-
ward them.
go there with
(_5*j
lJj^
k-^^:^' '^
}*:.
r*^
my gun
^^^^ ^
^'^^
^)-^\
"
^^i
^)x<'^}
^'
"-^ii^
<^&
^ ""r J*^
LESSON XIX.
H.
(])
S.
Pushtu.
I
April, 1805.
Who are
you?
am
i-o
ij
^_^j
"-^^^ ()
the son of a
village?
headman
fatlier's
of a
Sy*^-l
My name is Ahmad
Fatih
^ >
"^i*-
i*^.
lJ^^
'-ISx^
Khan, and my
^' J^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
Jang.
of
251
^^^
. ;
,
'
^^ i^)
t
l>/
-y
J'^^*^
..
Jamal
^Ve hold
;.
fifty jaribs
of irrigated and of
^
^<j
^
>*'
^^
Ujl
"
eighty-five
*
land which
its
fj
p
.
_^^i
^
^oJi
i
^.^;J^^
><
Does
to live
this give
you
enough
(2)
upon
?
irri-
^^^
'^
'^=r
'^
^
- *^ ^'^
.,
.^
^ j
^-
-^
^^
^,
^
-sj
.C<:
J^
\
- Jh^j)
r ^J^
',
_j>^
hundred rupees.
large lamily,
Ours
is
\
"
.-:
^j
-^^^
^X
^f^
'
.
and we require
have therefore
'^)j--- >
j^-j^^
'^
month.
We
^ Jj Cl^\^ (_jjJ|g^j_jiyj
"
to take to service.
(3)
My
^ ^i'^j
,.
i^^-.-
j>
>.
jh
(")
...
My
eldest
brother
is
"
L/**>
jam^dar in a cavalry
regi-
;1'^*^S^
^^^j
(JJJJ
.
ment;
is
my
second
brother
^'^',
^ jj.^^ jo "
^
-
^^j'j
^S
"^[^
the
third
is
naik in
the
H
_
f^J"^
Border
Militia. I
am deputy-
^/y
inspector in
Police.
the Peshawar
in charge of
It is
am
f^J'^'^J^L^U^r.jy^-'V
aJ
RustamThana.
twenty
Ij _
*.>
^viJ' xJ'J
-',
,
Ju,. j
:r.
,
,^
252
(4)
PUS"HTU MANUAL.
How
is
the
village
watchman appointed ?
is
He
S5->
5
^.
He
.Lp
for approval.
from the
is
village.
very
small.
The
vil-
lagers look
upon him as a
him.
no
trust
upon
On
usually false.
(5)
Why
is is
that
man
is
C5^J
b'
J^ ^'X
\j^
^--'
^kS)
[c]
running ?
He
coming to
What
the matter,
Akram ?
I
Last
J^
''":
'r/
L5^'
i-/*"^
c:^^'^
had got
to
^
1
^^
.>-
o>-
:'^.c
J
Ai
ii. (ij'ls-
.y
/'^:6
(6)
went and
learnt
airs-
^yli jXs- ^I
A^y^
^J
("1 )
that
the
^j
stabbed.
Who
did this?
It is difficult to say.
is
There
Joj^^lj ^^.'^ V.
J^-4,ti
-l^b
*j
^yJ^
(^> ^-vi
(_jt)
COLLOQ,UTAr SENTENCES.
Thi^ settlement has caused
bitter feuds in the families.
{^y*j ''^r!
k-^*^
253
One cousin
other
'
is hostile to
the
1$^'^ Ut^
cousin.
Land and
all
L.j'i
(^
''^.)
'^
yy-'^
(7)
What
orders
have
J^
7=^
"^
A^ X^lO ^^y^J J
^yf. ^^^^
(v)
regiment?
at
It for
will
march
^'^'^
L5^|;
a.m.
Chamkani,
hour on
Bara.
bank
cross
of
the
They
by
fords
and
L;^)
<*:.
^ki
(8)
Attack
the
village.
and back.
^^ j^ ^y
jii-1^ j)
regiment ?
Ask
for
them
to
be here to-morrow.
carts carefully.
Examine the
The road
is
bad, and
has
254
PtISHTtI
MANUAL.
j;!
J xj
,
s.K'J
-
,'i
s .i^.
.
^Jj^
Order wheat,
barley,
rice,
"
.^
-^
""
'^^
*^*
-'-^
The
^JLiJ^
^ Jxz x.
iJ\.
X>
(9)
in
^^i ^^^
.
this district?
Quail come in
^^
c
^^^
t/
*
<)^
(0
f
^
i
S^-^
_
""^ >
Deer have
all
disappeared.
see
i^'
'^
^jx"^
L^
l^'^
Now
hare.
a
u/-/"^
- ^_5^
j^
^i.
^l^
^^
j^Ja'
^^
(10)
report has
come
did
j
''^
j:^..
^j
.Ul. ^^i-
(i)
in that the
Mehtar of Chitral
How
his
"
u^'V;-^ Jj'^V^
[i]
^W
u. ^ "*
,K^
'
.
s^^
X^
"'
'^^i-^
^.Jij&'^JJL
hunting,
when
step-
Is
^^'^
^
^,j
j^
^
..
_(,,
< '^
^^"^
l^:
-^
^^ S^ Ma c
i.
"
^ .
~>l"t{"'
s
Yes,
v
^,
throne.
* uJ' '^^^
O'^ Jir^
"^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
255
LESSON XX.
H.
S. PiTSHTLT.
Octoher, 1895.
(1)
Who
are
are those
men?
is
^<^
CS^
^_sj^ i^ii
(i)
They
members
office.
of the
settlement
What
?
^jr
They
The
been
new
afraid
settlement
has
started,
t^ ^
-i.j
256
(3)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
do now
i^y
'i.i;.
JO i
U".,1
ir\
petition writer.
from him.
write out
He
will
then
ei^t).
my
claim* against
^dSr^
<XJ
'Ji
r>*i
Saadat Khan.
produce
it
I will then
e
>.\i
OuIl)
i) -
J-J^
&>
a
'Ji
'
day
for the
hearing of
my
^ ^^ d J l>^
^^J
(f)
claim.
(4)
Settle
the claim by
'o)
y'va.^Lc
fj
J^^^J
arbitration.
Friends of both
You
Eemember what
jab,
a Sikh said
"Do
JCr^^ 8
2Sti'o
J ^^.^
j^^oJ"
^->'j
(5)
What
It is
building
is
that?
of
Khazana; three
on
is
further
the Daudzai
JtH^
j);.*^
-^
(>^ ^< ^ Ji
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
Talisil,
257
^J'jd
\
A
by
large crowd
is
'^>i
'^>J
,
^y^_
^i^^
i
.f_^S
collected
the
gateway.
is
the deputy
a capital
>
.
'
"^
\
He
let
is
'-^
>
^-^
'^
r
;jy=^
;^
-^i
(-^^^''^V'^
silent,
and
me
do the
talkino-.
(6)
1
What is
bard ar
crowd collected
man
of
years of age.
a pretty
girl
He
married
fourteen.
to
.<.;
jh
^K
J-2-
- XiJ
do
so.
She
is in
love wath
Ahmad Khan. Last night, as the old man slept, the young man entered in the
courtyai'd.
--
CI/
The chaukidar
'fired
(;$, jcj
.'j
iA>>i^'
of the
killed
house
at
and
Ahmad
Khan..
258
(7)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
The regiment
will
jcMi
^
'
a;j
^j*
.
..
x^
-
<!UtA,s^ j>
(v)
Why
issued
^^^ "^
^^^
^^ ^ J^"^ '^
^-
&'
Because the
regi-
^^^
^,.
-
^ i_^^
^y^
m
1
^1^
Ss^ j
1
/
i
'
SP
to
assemble at Dargai on
1st April.
^' ^
^^
-^ iSlyi*
the
They
will
^ J^
\^2i H
^^,
''^
_
lJ'
".,
-
^
:;'
\
'
'^
^j^ ^,
.
^^^^
^^
^-'i
.K~
r >.
'
> ,",. .1
punish
""
"
\,
^'^
>^
"V
l^>>
u^/ ^h- ^^
1^^
->
^ ^^^^
J- 1^
(8)
v::r'^'J^o:;''^;^^-'^ ^
j)
J^'
(^)
for
the
Five
fifteen
^
^
\
^ ^S
.d
^
^
^^^^
^3
b^ JJ
^jd
\
\J^^^-^
u'*^;'
Three parts
at
^a=>"
^JL
"^
'^
.S
"^
'
"^
^j9^i^ ^i
-
u^ ji^^ H
,
.
At each
has
of
stage
a
"
^^
'
bazar
been
formed.
'^''
'
Food
every
description
4^/
j^ ^IjU y
oJ'-* ^\^j
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
fo?:
2'59
men aud
cattle
has been
s.Ljt)
JU^I^
\
w^
,i
- (_^J ^c,. AW
stored up.
-s
- x
\9)
Jij
>,
^.,1^
..
-.
..
a^j
^.
(0
shootina;.
it,
How am
r
I to get
and where
a.m.
.
Gret
up
at
^
i
^^
to-morrow.
Walk
It has
^^^^
.
.%
,^^
\t
''^s:^
<:j
U^
down
to the river.
.1
.t
"'
^s^'i^^
''^
"^
'*^'*^j'vj^
'^
The
,
j heel
^
.-.
^
^
the ferry.
'^
^
..^
o*" LT^OJ^^;! ^ -/
_
-^
w L^
^-
^j)
<i,
^Xi-^ ^:^' ^.
^ j^ ^
_
^:ajb
^L.
^)
jlj^jj,
^"i^.
'(10)
^J b J^
^^i -
Jo o
(i.^
Send
You
^ yn
ao
^^y ^
_s^ly: j
^j^-:.j
might, get
morning.
the
.
fifty
quail in a
^lU^a:^ j
i^JJ-"
^X
'^
^jai
r^;^^!
At the
y 32;^
y}^jz
J
" 3^T^
t-f/T^*
..<^^i ;ija.;
^^^iy
^-^
"^i
.The deer,
urial,
andmarkhor
;'
i^jj i^jj'^
^ u*^
s 2
260
PUSHTU 5IANUAL.
jj^yti
^'^^ - Ljhi j
iJ'^'^:!^
.
"^
^^
.\/,
'^
LESSON XXI.
H.
S.
Pushtu.
Ainll, 1896.
^'^'.<^ ^^.
How can
this be
/
-^V
^
.
f^^f- *J
\
(')
^.
managed?
paper.
P*
&J:^
'
^.
_^
ih
Kj^l^^^r
on
it,
to the
court.
it
The Judge
^ u^ ^ff ^ y
,
_^,
j;^ ^^
'
^^
',^
^'
^'i
j j^
i?
;,
(2)
j^^/
^ L_^^lc
(r
petition read to
him.
He
of
'^'r^
*
wished to
fendants
April.
summon
for
the de-
the
5th
f^"^-
H
v
'^'^*
The
plaintiff
said
..x'r-^x^>
i-
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
this
261
day
was
the
Id-i-
^^,^
^^Uj
^i.! ^''^^ j
The
^/i^-r-^'^^"^ -iS^
,u^ j (J^'olO,
'^j/-''
Judge
is
Your opinion
J^^
^rJ<^
'-'^^
quite correct."
(3)
A new
carried
settlement
out.
is
^_fJ:^^
, ^
(*::^^.'.l>Jo
^_cy
-
(-)
beinsr
What
in
<
sort
"
"^
lS^'^
",^
this village?
Lp
"^^
f"^'
lA*^
l5^
^.^^; ^^)
"
'
the
rivers?
?
What
^.^j ^ ^^^
_
"
is
the
water-tax
Who
I
fixes it ?
^;-
And
to
whom
does
the
will
appeal go?
be rejected.
hope
it
(1)
There
is
no hope for
sxj
.
i.L
^
^^
-
^jj.j} .o
(i^)
an
IS
appeal.
a bad
lot.
^
> ,^ J.>i- Xi
.
..
..
<^
.
^'> >
tO
.
does not
know
,a5,.j
.
,
JiUSi
,
equally
the
'-'i/i
^
r
Our hope
lies in
>
y>
262
fUSHTtJ MANtJAt.
your name,
village
^-t^J^y a*.
Iju.
'^j^ W)
1/
do
T77
^ -^
J
'*''
"
'"'
you
belong
to?
came
y
Aj
^
'
^
r-'
'^
^-
^
i-*
from Khazana.
It lies be-
oO
a;Aa jj ^j^ J
,
[*^.
yond Daudzai.
You must
bi*idge of
-'- ^ Sr-^
come over by a
boats.
"
1
>>*
There
you.
all
is
no ford to
a
-'
^J^^'
Jo
a^ J
_ ^a^^
help
What
this is
!
mis-
fortune
(6)
The produce
come out
there
of
of this
bar-
j\^^^_
^^K
^^d 3 d)
village is this.
ley, millet
Wheat,
in the
is fruit
y
^-^ j^ ^
.
<j'^;3^
'J>:'
(^
- t/-'
spring.
Then
^j^i ^j^' ^
^^j..
and
vegetables
sorts.
^ '^ ^^ ^L J
^f,
"
Last
of
all
'^v'^
^1^^^
jU^'^'
^-
l5^ U^: A^
^
.
^.^.^^. xi^jj^L^^^A^
""
.
[1)
dUit
,
^L
..
^^ ^K
'''.^
,
^j I^j^j (v)
.
,.
--A
y
The
noise
Jj Jj
quarter:
^
'
i^^< XjysXS^-L.tHjL^j^^
".
'
\
The chaukidar ran to see what was the matter. A man jumped down into the
street,
t
"
af
"
'
"
''^
(-^^'^
J 7
l/^ '^^^
Jcj
^^JT
Jtl^l
^^^^^^ Ji
J-I5. JcAa
COLLOQUIAri SENTENCES.
268
J^ ^'^
'^
into the
mosque and
after
said be
L^'^ V
l^
) i'
was a seeker
ledge.
knowr-
(8)
The
the
Thanadar
re-
^j^ . L^^^lj,^;
,
(.)
He
a
conwell.
/
matter
J 3 J^ ^ J u^
^.^.^^j
i.
'^^*'-*-*
He
said, "
This is
made up
it
x^jjj^
Ij
\
jc=^
^5j
case.
If I say in
any more
ruin.
-9^
i'
\\
''
may end
my
God
is in
^- j'
dci
f-^
^>y
_
"*
" , ''^--'^
man who
j j
^Ij^
sj
this calamity."
"
(9)
The Regiment
for
will
^
J
.
.
uc
(i)
i
march to-morrow
rud.
aro
Jam-
^
!^
)
o^ -
jca.'U
See that
ready.
all
supplies
^"
-^
The
every
bunnias
thing
C.*^'^J:^^/^i?cJ^:^V-^^^;':^j'
must
have
.^ ..b,.^^;^''.
"
collected.
Their
be
carriage
at
>
must
also
hand.
'^
^y'^j'-J''-
H*^
" s/>'
l''^'
^
l
What
require
i
carriage
do
vou
(10)
to
Carts
from
here
d^^^^
^
'
sj,
^la. ^>J J
c
(i."*
Jamrud.
200.
How many?
Then
About
how
'^^
''^^
^-
-'--^^'^^)^.
^u'*^'>*'
if<
nany camels?
About 500.
^))i ^)^
^^^
'^5^
264
PUSHTU MANUAL.
weight
can
five
What
carry?
for
this
they
i>
^ ^^/i,
^_c;j ^_c.ii)^,'j^,,:^.^
.
About
be
maunds
I
trust
*
..
^
"
"
''
...,
each
camel.
'
^
''^
may
all correct.
^:
i^::^-^^ i^
J;j
^:
<*^
LESSON
H.
S. Pltshtu.
XXII.
October, 180G.
(1)
^y
'*
'''
S^
.
<lS.L
,
csA:&
''
'i)
do vou
I see
many
r
-^
^
"-^i^^
>
''^
^
^
>
'
That
ekka,
fat
man
seated in the
i^j^.j
i
c-"^^
ls^^'^'^
with
long
is
grey
beard.
His name
is
Zaman
Khan, and he
held in
He
has
been
^'^
"^
-J'^
twice
to
j
^>"^
j^^ y
Mecca.
^^
^ l3^
J^ ^j^ '^
^^*
'-^-^
*(l^^'
^^/^
c:,^^'
^
J.>
j
(2)
Has he any
?
other
first
<<..
<xi
^
..
(.-)
good qualities
lie is
Yes,
/"
^ ^
very rich, he
is hbei-al
j-
c/^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
to
205
the
priests,
to
seekers
after
gars.
He
is
is
famous
for
his hospitality.
His guest
full.
house
always
May
^' 'j^
<L1j.aA
.<i3)
always
So be
it
J
*
(c-'*J
Ij^
C.'tS*' - ^5^-^-5
(3)
^^^
going
I have a
civil suit
against Ibrahim.
He
I
owes
to
Lp J-
J-
>
>
me 165
see
rupees.
want
the
petition
is
writer.
When
1 will
the petition
ready,
If
Ibrahim's property
attached,
not
L5*" L5
JUw.~>-U JJ ~Ui3
-J'^J'^
he
will
escape
iS
-^Ls^
Li,
>
(-5
>
(4)
What is
a settlement,
it
...o.jJio
mean
The measurement
of land,
^.
^<-5^'*^O^V-^^
The
great
land-owners
affliction.
are
in
This
calamitv
266
comes
years.
after
PUSHTU MANUAL.
every twenty
,^j-vj
^^
...
]
^Li, ^ j&
v
L
>
Il>
(^,^-^
]
'"
rates
and
^'
* l^^
-^
^"
JT^r
--'
irrigated lands.
j^f
l)^ ;^J
-$^
(5)
That
is
the 'village
is
.^^^)^>^ ^'^ti^
,,
\
(e)
-i-
chaukidar.
He
?
going to
%
"
>^
the police
hfis
station.
What
was
and
"
"'
f-j
"
occurred
He
p.m.,
still.
^^^^-^
(J-jy=-
^^
^
^^
^
y
-xi'
^^
was about 10
was
j^ ^^^ ^ ^ _^j^|^^,
everything
As
a
the
c^',.k^
^-
^
^
^5
^^;)li'^)Ii'
he reached
disturbance
the masjid,
arose
,^
--5.
^jji;
j6'o- ,J
J ja^.:
"'.,
>r-/
eastern quarter.
see
He
ran to
S:?7^^
^.^TIl
* ^j
,j^ ,^j^^ J^
(6)
The
police
inspector
<)j
c^'jLxJisc
.
..
;''^V''^
.
^^^<
.-'
went
to inquire.
He
asked
^^
'>-
^^^
*j;1
^^
'^^
r~;T
"
^-^'
him
Whom
I
do you sus-
^_5J
pect?
cot, a
was asleep on my
into
man jumped
and
I
my
up.
^ J^
"
^^,,j^^X
^^
^
^
'"'
.. !'
^3 ^l^J
-
court-yard,
the
stood
noise
u*'^
^J3^^^^J'^y-^^^'^y
*.
'
roused
me.
The
thief fired
his pistol
>^]^jj^
tj ^\
L^<id*^^j
.
at me.
Mv
cousin QAdir
'^ -
^^:^^'v!
'-^^^ih''
(^r-
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
Klian
is
267
'^ '"*
He
die,
is
15^'^?.
-
-^ij^ lt^'^
^
j
rr.
everything
goes
to
^' ^
L-r*^'^ '-'
^'___i,
LiJ"*" J'^-'
"'r*
^'^
him.
o" VvtJ^'^ii^''^>"^'"*'*^us^''"^
(7)
Wliat
is
the number
?
j-^"*^
^^ ^^'^k
-'
"^
^''^
of your regiment
is
What
name
?
it.
t^
^;^
^ l^^^^'.^ Jjo^ j
^j
[y
your
colonel's
Tell
me something about
station
u^ ^'-i ij^ H
^j.\^ JyA^
^^
L^-'
Our
was Jhelum.
in
JUs^
-<x.}}^^
^u
.,-
Orders
proceed
came
to
rail
April
to
J jT^^^ jZi
^
Chitral.
to
We
'^U
'^
^^
came by
mules,
Nowshera.
Tents,
,^j^s- ./^j^iiJbi
i,
.
carts
had
were
,^
^
been
rcctdy.
prepared
and
"^
>
w
y
>
We
encamped
by
l^!^
'^
- 3^ J'-^
^j
S:^;'^
* ..^ of
rice,
,^
1^^
^j^^
(a)
(8) ..Supplies
.^_j^).^j^ .^y^^ j
^
t t
wheat, barley,,
dliall, (clari-
chopped
ready.
'^J
'T"^ "^^
jliJjI^
,
'i^r^ ">
.'ooj^^..
m
"
^-'^^*^
straw,
wood were
river
all
jJu^
*^'
.jJj
j _sj
\-j
J^
The Cabul
The
was in flood.
gone.
in
'
^^
|^L<
_
^
s^j
crossed
<ij
^^j
^_5>
J-^
268
boats.
It
PUSHTU MANUAL.
was
difficult
work,
Mar-
We
(9)
What
Quail
sport
is
there
in.
?
c-^
lOwui
&^
(0
now
are just
Yes, send
cotton
me two
quails
to
the
fields.
So-and-so
yesterday.
got
fifty
Go
After
far.
away
Shoot
miss.
straight,
and don't
-
^J^^3
^} ^} ^^
^'^y^i
in the jheel
duck, geese,
coolan,
by the
banks
of
sesi,
stony
ravines
whilst
and markhor
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
>
269
LESSON
H.
S.
xxiir.
April, 1897.
*
Pushtu.
(1)
to,
^-,:J
^
,
?^d6\>.^ui
''''
(i)
.
,/
'
What
there?
your
business
^
^'^' "^
I wish to see
the
^^^ Jjol
^
-^
SJ-^.J
\,j^l^^j~
petition writer.
Akbar owes
~^^
'^
me 300
has
years,
rupees.
My
over
claim
three
to
extended
j%j\
d ji^ ^^^j
V.
^^
^j<^
^d
date paid
me
a single pice.
7- ^o ^ji J" J
*xAa
^ ^j
Sr^J^V^'^V
What
^^jJ^^^c
;,
(2)
s^'-.;;-?
Vi.
(r)
I will
^ 3^^
"
j^^,
^
_
../
j^j ^
-
^^ XiL
HS
will
my
':^^
^.
'i^ ,^.
^S
-^
l^-
Hf
him the
papers
the
process
will
fees.
My
^^ ^
_ J^J^^^^^
"'
^^^ '^
'^'"^
'^
then
go
will
before
'^
.
^.
'^'.
-jfj:
judge.
He
read
my
the
complaint, and
summon
^^ J "'
l^v-J
J l_,^'.^^ ^
^
.o^.i^^
'
^sff'
'^*^
him by a
certain date.
j,;'j
.oj_^.tf'i-^*;
jjJOJylc'x J^
270
(3)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
What is a
?
settlement ?
What
rights
on the people
{^y^j
'^-^'^
I*
i Xi iui
and
the
share
of
^1.1)
LS^ ^5'^:^V^ ^jlS^.
Not
so.
* <o
i^^
(4)
There
lands
;
is
one rate on
well
another
flooded
;
on
a
lands that
are
Then
Cotton
sugar-cane
gives
also
taxed
less.
yi Jb
<Xj
^J)
iXjJU
8 J
<LU.^ Xj
on
*{j! T'f
l-^:* l-^:^^
'^-'"^
;'^'^t^.-!
each produce.
(5)
Who
are you,
Khan?
^J
-^5^.
^^
-ci^
(*)
am
the lieadman of
Kha's-
zana.
What
now?
police
is
your busigoing to
ness
am
the
station.
My
last
The
2,000
thieves
rupees.
took
away
thing
?
Do
you expect
to recover any-
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
271
j^'ji^^o
(i)
(6)
The Thauadar
is
is
not
{j^y=^
^i^
,
They
^
'
j^ 3
^
,,_
^^
>
^r'
^,
say he
^ ^
and
bad
He
a
j_^j
'^1
^..
J'Jl'^i^
,-
\/
They
give
him
"^
-^-
lt^
>^>V
It is
- L^yji tr=^.
(Xjis.>
JS
u*^ J'<
It ^
i&^
^ ij^
^!-XJ^
^o
k
daily
in
this
t'^ ^"^
xj^
xj^
^j^
^j jCj^,
. ,
i^L
...
&L ^^^1
^.
.
(v)
...j
partridge or chikoor?
Snipe
are
^-^'^^^^-^'^- ^^'^
"<,.
"
.
'sTc^^';^^
,
have come
abundant
river.
in.
Duck
the
^J^j lj^'^
/
.
i^^jj
.
^
"'
on
Oabul
1/ '
'
"
near Pabbi.
Fish either at
-^^
TT
-^::
^J^
i
i^^'^
,
f-^j-'A
Abazai or Nausatta.
^1
*
-.f
1***^ iXAwjJ
JCj
l,>
,-'f >
(8)
Tell
the
Shikari
to
^'ou
Hare
Sandwater,
jj
in
-L/^V^'^L^^.r^^'-i^r*'^
v^
ri
grouse
near
the
272
PUSHTU MANUAL.
hills.
r
jijJ
Shoot straight,
and
'
do not miss.
(9)
Your
to
regiment
is
^L^ ^
.
i^
n
.
^j^iy^Kx^ (0
Sr'
^
ordered
will
Malakand,
on
It
^
r
march
Saturday.
it
^^
''
"^
The General
Friday.
that
inspects
on
^-^^-^
(J:^-^ ~ ^^j^
^^
,^
'^
Be
very
is
careful
.^lU
^
i?
.^^ ^,
^.^
"
;,
"
everything
transport
ready.
What
carts,
do
you
o'*'^^
^^
- S:^^'^
fii '^'
l^/
require?
five
One
hundred
hundred mules,
^ ^J:>^^J^,
-'
"s.
^j.<.L .
^^^^U
six
hundred camels.
r
^jU
'^'
J-
^^j^i
(10) Tell
your bunuias to
<)G'
y'-^Uio
J-^i-
(i.)
have
all
supplies ready at
yJl
the
winter
will
season, so lots of
wood
be wanted.
COLLOQUIAL SKNTENCES.
273
LESSON XXIV.
H.
(1)
is
S.
Pushtu.
October, 1897.
J^
''
j
'
^
,
CSyL
r
'
i^
0)
'^.
the
How
far is it
from here
^ ^
^^^
..
C^
(2)
You
is
*
,
J^^^>)^^'^
('')
villaoe
-'
to the north.
Which
road
^^j r-
^
;
i*
^
goes to
it,
t^
J \S^JiJ
^
^i
"Sr^*^
left-hand one ?
j^ ^ ^j
a;i-KJ
.,/
(3)
The road
is
straight.
jG ^^uili^l
sj
,
yi
-
(r)
....
It climbs the
ridge; there
trees.
-
..^
"''
are
stones
and big
"
You
will find
an ambush of
the
(^
v.
j^
^
i-
^Jt
^,
,
^-
- ^^"^ ji
,
...
(4)
^Jcls- ^i^^XL^i
/ ^ ^
Jcc
^
-?*-
J
-
(i*)
them?
steep
Can we go through
?
the fields
No, there
is
^
/-
i-
^^
<^'^j<^
.
?^
^ *>
cliff
in front of you.
will
(w^^^:'.
-j*
\j^
(
>\
^^
^
\ 1c
^
* ja,^
jcj
j^
274
(5)
PDSHTU
Praise Grod
'
-MANIJAT,.
we have
<<-
^'jo- j
.
^^
^
-'-'
.
.Lt
m
(e)
.
escaped.
,,
-^
was
good
killed.
They
are
not
^^
^
J^<
i/.
V'-^*
Cils:!^^! Jju.^J j
,,*/.
men.
-'
(6)
The
heaamen
will
^^;^5 cUi^,
,
^ e;'^
i
^^^
have
to give hostages,
and
"
i-"
'
*
,
"
Tell
him
to
cut
j5;'^t"
;
"^
'^
v
v..
''^.Ij;
Place
.:
...
1-:
kJ^^^ -^^ij'^'^vh.j^^
# ^
'^^'^.
\^^ j ^^
(7)
brought
my
leet
pistol,
^
-
^j?!;
..
^^-'-^^is
Ai^
-T
^i
"-*
(0
.l
^
-
xl*
my
body.
I left
My
my
were
bare;
sandals at
- \^y^..;i
jyj^
,
^^^
^
-pj
(J>^'
home.
if
was
so near that,
^^ ^;^
kJ
"
he had
fired at
me, he
^-
/
^ ^i
^
"'
^^^^^ ^\^^
'
J^
^J J^
t^^'-^l;
at
the
guide
and
j^'^^^j^u,^.^^.;y-
.. ^^.lioj
-
missed.
rOLLOQUIAT, SENTENOES.
275
{^)
,(8)
The
village has
two
and the
grand-
-r../
<
SrP
lower
ones.
My
senior
SP
father is the
head-
i-?^j
ij-^ y
i^"^
uLxLo
^
j^
-^
man.
He
is
a grey-beard.
(9)
He came
at
noon one
spriiia;
ij;^
^"
day
last
year in the
...
'^
^^.
J'^
-
'^^J^-
^^^ ^
He
is
^^
^^
,^;
autumn.
there.
J^AJ^..
,^1.
(10)
Shei-pur.
They hid
^J^ ^^ jy'jrt^
^^.
(')
arms
^^
, * v-s ^
m the crops.
aHrm.
went
seized.
An
old
woman
the
cry
>>
<);5..
>
^_J^ _
i t
,_5^
^^^ JJl^
'rry
was wrongly
"^
^'rr>
<sj'
lj-v
5
^1
^jl^
^i^
sp
Ai^
.1
t2
276
PUSHTU MANUAL.
LESSON XXV.
H.
S.
Pushtu.
April,
1898.
May you What village not be tired. May you not beis this?
(l)OPathan!
come poor
(2)
!
^^j^
^
'
ii;;^^!
(lS^ J
(
.
()
v ^^ -^^^^^^M ^^
* ^_^d r>^(^^juu.
1
It is
Spinkamr.
?
_ ^^'^<
Whose
you
sons
^^
i^ \ ^^ ^^^^
-j,"
(,)
How
?
^L^-V/i^
y^^ 3
*^l'
^ L^'i
-^j^S^i?
^
t^-^J;
many
have you
of the
am
the
son
head
^^-
j^
lambardar.
Zabta
Khan,
was
was
I
U"^ '^^^
"
r'
^^^^^^
,
who was
^^S^jj^^^CJixs^i^JrJ^^^iji^s^
,
.
my
a
^^'
/
"
He
man.
^"
j,^!^
.
have
^^^d ^_^j^
, ^
t
u^} -s^
i.
^^^
\
-r
...
The
eldest is
^
^/-^J^^^
"^
^"C"'
7^ years
is in
the youngest
L>^>i..>
^^t> Jb^>>^j
arms.
(3)
^
-
S ^_^J ^_^4;
.^^
,.
t)
^""^
Lf^'V'.
Have you
this year ?
good harvest
ii/
Our he Ids
done
are
>
mostly
locusts
unirrigated.
The
^^^
,
.
i^^"*^
,^-^ ^
/^
(
^_c*J
i
j"^
,
have
much
harm.
They
constantly
corn.
y^J^ '^ i^
ci^l; ''^'^^M^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
.(4)
277
(Jij^yi
I
To whom do these
belong
graze
?
^^J
J
I
(i*)
nills
Do
there?
your
I"
cattle
The
'^^Z
S:?>'*'-^
>Aam
hills are
of the
Alam Khel
Where
?
is
the road to
see that
Michni
Do you
hills
?
gap in the
white
stone
and that
road
The
it
under
the black
cliif.
Horse and
it.
(6)
Stand!
Post
the
round
the
camp.
Make
The
Put
grey
sheets
over them.
will
To-night there
be a moon,
will shoot.
and
the
enemy
278
(7)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
How many
hostages
of
If
will
YOU give us
sons
^%}^^J
^
-^Jss
cUi/i y^
-'^-V
i")
old
men
of influence?
^^
,
you do
L_-^r^U
y>
^J dJ j ^
*
^^^ jJo
jo
(8)
The
river cross
it is
is
it.
strong,
^_jo
j^j^j
\
^^
\
(^)
,
but we must
is
There
^>>v^j' -?
,
-
a ford, but
dangerous,
lost
in"
>
^
,
/>
'"
iyj^^^
'''i;^
ii
o* J^
,M
,
flood
comes.
;
Get
tie
>C
flated
skins
them
and
"^^
>
-
>
SP
>
together
with
ropes,
^'y^^
^j^
^-'^s)
^^
^^_
^^, ^j^^
j ^^^
^^^
j g,^j^
(9)
How many
horses,
a .i-
^^'.4,^^
,
.<xj^l^ (0
^
^,
arecollected?
Chaff, gram,
l^^^^^^^^^J
''^.^j
^^
^^^^
^^
j
.
lLX)^.
^1
tj/^
1/
wT^^-
wanted
for
them.
(10) This is
my betrothed.
"^
'^'^
'^^
'
^^^
''^
(
'
'^
^j _
^^
^y]^
^1^
'^-
Jj^
'
^
i
the
d.'^
bi^^^
S-^^-^*
,1.'
v Sr^'^J'*
*<)6 j
proper
time,
as
she
was
J-a^^ <x-<x^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
enticed
279
- {<^^
,.
away by her
eive
for
rise
lover.
<o
'^
^j^-Si
i^^i)
,
o)
\
This will
blood-feud,
to
yy
am
^
*
^-'
^ ^
^>)
"
^^
^")
ashamed.
(11)
ing.
(/^J
s^^-cj^
^i
^!^<^.^
The dogs
if
are barkis
i^fr '^j4-x^i^
-i/y
^5^
,-
See
not,
there
a thief.
at
"^^
v(
.
"
<
\-
If
throw a stone
"'
i?
them.
Look
you missed
any more
J>
'ia*-
^^
'
s^y
^
j
,'<$
l5^
\
^1
"
y\--
>
She
^^-^
kJ H"^
^ d^ ^^ ^
*
i
I'
8 ^>M
(12)
It is raining heavily,
y;^/-:
"*'
J^^\i)
'
_ ^^
^
.)^^ ^:i^
..
probable that
^
(*^^
s^-'
snow
will fall
on the high
^.
^-'V
y;/
'j^ *:
LESSON XXVI.
H.
(1)
S.
Pushtu.
live ?
October, 1898.
Where' do you
from here?
at
S^^^l
^
'
r,
Is
it far
Yes,
live
Nurpm-,
15 kos
*
.
from here.
u^-*- 1_^^^
^^L^^/^J^
'"^
')
280
(2)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Ou
what
business
\^^^^ J^
.
,
^'a-
M
-
i^
^
<J
('')
Have you
What
suspect
thief,
^J^^b-J^"-^ 'f^'^J
l^U.
S
tT
your tribe
^) JJ *^^ j
Jcli,
rifle
j.
^
.^
'
^
..
_,
you look
like
an Afridi.
j^
'
(3)
No
am
come
a poor
to
^1
,
^ j_^
..
^^:>^^
,
^'
.
''^
W
^^
l5
.
man.
city to
I have
the
'i
buy bullocks.
white
My
I
-^
7-
own
j^ (U'^'.V^
l)^
.
i*-?.
>
*
one
They
^'"'
"
'
"
* i/^
'^o'
'^'^ "
T^"^ '^J^
fj
^^,
(4)
Is there
any shooting
Yes, there
<r^
.
^^
.
d^Xv, ^li
(h=)
in this country ?
..
,.
j^
and snipe.
-'
'^
^^"
^
-
If you go to
the jheel on
side
^"(>i^
.
^^
*.
^" <o
i--,
^d
"
^^>^
.-.<
the left-hand
of
the
/-
^
"^
road to
find
^^
"
^
^'^4'
game.
^
the top of that
^'^
'^^
i_>'^>J
(5)
On
Aib^
<>L)
j^^ii:
^Aa J
^
....
(e)
...
'^
~
-
On
is
there
jm\A.
"-'
^' ^y*-
It
has four
^c^
;__5i^
y.
'*^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
q'larters.
281
Sarfaraz
of the
is
tlie
headman
quarter.
southern
a
young-
He
is old.
is
man.
He
will be a tyrant
when he
(6)
Why
The
are
the
men
have
^b "^.^y^
J; ji^
(l)
running?
a raid.
J'.
(^L
y.
^^L
They wounded five men with One man may die. swords. The watchman has put him on a bed and has taten him His arm is to the hospital.
cut
off,
is
wounded.
* 5J
^y
(v)
(7)
AJ'o .s^^.jl^J-L;^^
straight one.
it
Where
cresses
does
go to?
^It
the
river at
Sherpur by a boat-
bridge.
On
is
the
further
bank there
a sandy plain.
slowly there.
*L5'^ S^^'
;;.*
282
(8)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Very
after
well,
lead
my
Juu.!
,
i^S)
.
JC4.
)M^
>
i^)
mare
Tell
me.
syce
I will walk.
to
it
^
-
the
put the
will rain.
^'
'
^^^
^}^
-'>'
^5
-;
<^,
^
JJ-i
^"
t^j^^^ ^ *^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
if
283
^^.
>
is
^
\
^;^j
^
S-''^*''
f
^^-.^'i
^^
stolen.
LESSON XXVII.
H.
(1)
S.
PosHTa.
April, 1899.
What
is
your
live ?
name?
I live
&i.:>.
\^\i d^ d ^^ j)
Where do you
in
Bazar.
I
tribe ?
C^
i
"'
T^
o^
^
-
y7
*j.
.awj>-
iJ^^
.
Your
robbers.
people Sahib,
great
,.
i-.
we
have
"
" ^
^r'^-^
^
^J ^^j
/ J ^.J
\
i--^s-wo _
\
{^i
\
<f'lz
we do not
rob,
we must
,)
starve.
^^
.-.
.c
.^
,'
J -<
\
..
->
(2)
How
far is
it
to the
V*-?^ ^y*"
c5**''^
""'
^""^
It is
two
^^j
'
_
..
-^^^
^
'
-^
^
^^^j
Is the road
but
laden
it.
j}
^f^
"
^.J
J^-
^
"-'
"^ ^^^ i^
^^ijJ^i
mules
can -pass
over
the
?
When
's
you get
to
top
it
J^ ^ - ^ ~
No,
^^ Sr>;;^
t"^
&:i.>
^
\
^ ^/)
. i^
(^^ ^ s^
284
(3)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
What
is
village is that
\j^j
. ,
^i_?5
.
J^ ^^i" JcAa
,
i
(r)
-
That
crops
Booria.
What
by
the
^
(
,/ S:^
are
grown
^
j^
^^
^
^.5
villagers? Sugarcane,
wheat
the
-j^^-z^
[^^-^ -
^J^
l5-
^Srlr^
and
!and
Indian
all
corn.
Is
^. 1^_^
^
^tj;/
^
^^^
irrigated?
No,
rain,
rice ?
J ^^ ^: v
y
{J)
[^^'^ - ^'^^'*^
Why
(^^^
y ^-i^^
^i^J
^^^^^^^
The water-tax
(4)
is excessive.
Is there
any shikar
Yes,
will
(^il^'o^
-^
lil^ ^^^?.
c
.
I
(^)
in the neiahbourhood?
in those rice-fields
find
i/
<lS.^M)
you
^^ l/^
^^'^'^
^
.
^^^ u^^^.^
-^
i ,
^^.y^
j
y^
i
"
^
'*'
"*
'
"^
grouse.
H ^Tj^
J'
usr^ ^
'^
(5)
Who
is
that
man?
he do-
^^"^ cJyL
^j^
,
&ia
(o)
Thatisthe Deputy-Inspector
of Police.
What
is
S^-^ i^ -^^
')i\j^'^
<^
iji^d
inghere?
^
'
^c3 ^
Jii i
^h
'^^
I^w^^^-c
2S.
Was
was
there a
dark.
No,
it
moon ? Where
?
^ <S^ ^^-^
'-?.
',<
J ^/-T <Ji^
- ;
x
|/>\
,
u^^
l^ 'n
..
lt>
^J^ ^
-
.
^
<?
Why
have the
J>>
'^*^
U^>^
"
^^
'^
S:>;
OOLLOCiUlAI) SENTENCES.
285
pjolice
S^j
,
ljJ
'^
J.
'
^_jj,
/
.^juu.
men
annoy
>,
rich people.
9
(6)
^'^ ^y U^
.^
jj /
(_^;A.-;
("i)
at
daybreak to-morrow.
TT
^
../>
;:
(v^
t^^
i.^
"
^^. - ij^lj^l. ^.
:
3],-^.
H
>
There
is
a boat which
is
v"*
i;-
worked on a rope.
Tell the
'^^
'^
lA-J
^ ^}i
y,
^
,
^'^J'^Aj
_ ^1^]^.
The
J^
..
^ ^^ji^
ei^^
colonel's horse
stumbled
this morning,
"_
'
y^^'..^
C/i3JU
'
(7)
It is reported that a
is
'^^^
"'
^ c/';^
Sjlj
,
(^^
raiding party
hidden in
- t3 ^*.;
s^.*
^^
.
,j^ Ji
;
They
are are
^ ^
about 50 strong.
they armed"'?
martinis
How
few have
S:^/ '*^^^^.
. .
^-^
^>
''^^^
<^
\ .
^
"*^^^J
f
<^
^'^
. ^
"
and
matchlocks,
^^^i.
y j"^ <^J^ ^l
^
{J
-^ '^'^
^ j^_^
^^ ^_^^
j^^
286
sentries
POSHTU MANUAr-.
must
be
doubled
a
.
-
J x\j^
*
'^jo
J ^^
,
^
to- ^J.
^
,
to-night.
Make
hedge
.v.
^
may
be
J^ ^
^_;f
^j;^
^j-i
;J^'
LESSON xxvin.
H.
S.
Pushtu.
October, 1899.
(1)
How
two
far is it to the
It
is
^^t>
"
i_$)
,
!5..^^
^l^j
(i)
.
camping -ground?
about
Is
^\
.^
^
hours
march.
^^"
^^^^
^
^. \^^-.
v
.
^ ^'^j^ ^
>'
"^
-u^i?
'
v';
There
above
i^
>
* ^^
"^^
(r)
.
(2)
What
?
supplies
are
t^^^^
..
^^J^-.'.
>^^j
^
^^
obtainable
There
is
...,
'
'^^
1*^ ^
the
north,
and
the
Ay'^
_
3^
^'^
^y^.'^
y'tf^
.
^^^
"^
.^^.%],
"
"^
^/l
-
and
eggs.
Lr*
u%^
COLLOQUJAL SENTENCES.
(3)
rlie
287
aj
The
patrol will go
up
t.d &i
.
,-,'..;
c:^'i*^ (r)
,.
^,
of the Pass.
Do
not cross
is
the water-shed,
as that
^-^
^j^..f.
.
'
'*'**
"t
s,-^
is
independent
territory.
^
''^'^
'
'ii'
-<
back
^^
j>^
L^
'^
'^-:
(4)
What
is
that firing
^ ^_sd
c[s.
J ^^j
t
.^
a.^
(t^)
1/ ^
"
" "^
^ se
-
v'
Some
shots.
of
them
l/**^
ls-^ l5^^
j^
!
t^j l5^'
t
>
Li
(5)
Sahib,
want
u^^'r.
'^
^J
*
-^
v\
week's leave
without pay.
'
:^'"
My
d^ay evening,
and I
am
his
^^ x^
'J.
j*i.^
^>V'>[*
.
'*^-'
heir.
If I do not go home,
^ j
x^ _
my
cousins will
seize,
the
inheritance.
^^J^^C
^-
^'^^'^-^
^\ r
-''
|;
^^^^
(6)
Why
?
is
^,^
JO
,
J^ ^1^ ^^^ Ij
J
"
^i)
cultivated
'^
""
b.'w^
'
we cannot
Jyc
Xs^
L ^j
a^Lcj
sj
28S
PUSHTU MANUAL.
it,
get water on to
to
and owing
the
J
^
.1
_ ^}h>^j
y^
^
\
^.y
^'ji ^
the
drouo'ht
land
u/
'
'
^y
^^i
&i
sLkj
^iiku,
t<j
^1^
has
been
river.
so
little
water in the
^
'
^ ^.J-jx
"
u'"'*^
'
^"^
^.3
,^^^
snowing now
hills.
^ ^ ''^
&
I
^j
(8)We always send cattleescorts when we send our The people cattle to graze.
of
J>i^
"
L^
jc^
^
^
,&
a)
^r
.^^
)^ i"
^^
s.i:
\
'^^'-O^
^'^^-
the
hills
are
great
di^
t
j _^^1^I a^jj
^\\
^^
j^jj'j^.'^
^''
1^
^^
j'
our goats.
uW
U'^'ji
(9)
Why
^
.
^!j J,^
"
.
^J^
t
j;^
j:Aa
(1)
Sahib,
-^
^/
'
^
.
!*"
"^
^_^5
He
is
my
brother-in-law,
^i2i
^^^
'^^
^'^^ |J>Aj
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
ard we
quarrel whenever
I did not strike
289
6 meet.
Aim.
(10)
old
and
children
^/i>
t^;-
^y,
-J^s***
seriously
wounded.
village
The
will
people
of the
fine
1000.
The maliks
(11)
raid
took
place
o)
i^j
fj
ci^ljj 3
(i i)
op.Thursday.
Two buffaloes
who
are
The
raiders,
said to be the
Gumatti out-
Kanda
^}
S/J'"
Li^: u>u'^
^^'
L^
200
the
raiders
PUSHTU MAN A L.
[I
had martiuis
^'
jj
,
^^^-^^ i^-**^^
-P
\
_^''*"
and sniders,
/<
t.
(12)
villagers
^je-^
^^
^"
^K
3 (ir)
warn
Post?
Border
Police
S:^/j^^
J ^^ 5 ^
. s^j. aj
j\/\ J^.^
could not
the
attack them, as
^'^:^j
^^^^
^^
^J
"
^ h^'^
i^)
e:^^
paths were
very bad
^^^
''
j (^^ ^ ^^
^} ^ J^
'rr'jf
'^J^-'^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
the camels with
291
the
tents
on with
tlie
advance guard,
ride
and we
first
will
out the
>''j: Lf-!^""-?^;
^.p-'a^
^JT^^Jt^'"
mid-day.
ride
the
_
OJ
tMJ
,.lU
fC
We will
take the
as
greyhounds with
us,
we
may
two on the
(2)
Had you
told
me
earlier I
yesterday.
iu.
I sent
man
to
you
He
says that he
raiders,
all
met a party of
hid in a cave
and
Sj.<
<xi
night to
v^c
<t=^
,-Jl
JcAa
may
V
(.v^
J..
...
...
>/ V
u'-^y^
- [*r^
C^-'r!
U^
"02'
292
(3)
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Wliile the regiment
at Pabbi, on
Jt..
l^}jii
were encamped
some
rifle
thieves
and
rifles
stole
two Lee-Me^ford
a
bolt.
and
The
sentries
fired
at,
outside
the
camp
stains
were
this
found
in
the
nullah
morning.
On
and
one
of
empty
cases,
L/^^y
said
that
the
rifles
and
across
the
frontier
hidden
in cofiins.
(X.. <)L
i-Jlc
J^
^1}^Ju>
il
^J
^^^
(jj^o'j
Jy.tjji.^
yj^.
(4)
raiding
party
of
'^"^
about
raided
seventy
the
Aka Khels
of
t5 n!^
8jl
^J^
M
io_j)
mills
the
J,-^ .3
J^ivl^lyb'
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
village of Landai a fortnight
(^;J
293
,^)
ago.
They carried
j ^^^
"
^^,^_,
^^
off
about
^"^
j^ ^
tj-i-
V"^
^j^
''
ij
^
*
i^
^Ji^
J^
on
donkeys.
^- Jjj ^^ "
^.^'
J/j'^
l^'^
^
^If.
way
^} J^ H
1-
^j^i
^i O-^vJJ
jo
jT.;;!.^.
(5)
The
lor
regiment
will
^'o-^'j,^
J5,ot^
(c)
11/. break
sance
parade
to-morrow at day
reconnais-
Jo
^
ci^'i^
<Kj
<)i"
'
,t\ajk*i
.
towards
Shabkadar.
^.^j^
" ^
,'o <!c.i^:;lj
j
^
_^^i'jcliji
."
.,
be
taken
on
regimental
tents will be
^^*
jo ^_cj^
<
^
j:j
^^^
..
'
transport.
No
(.ySf^
^''^*')
- ic*^
taken. port
No
wheeled trans-
,,
^a
ir
^^"
e;];
^(.5^-?
^^
<^v
''^
^'^^
ram.
(6)
i,.
How
do you
divide
(i)
There
in
eleven
elders
my
is
^^^^ ^^ ^.
>
'
"
^^^
section,
s^*^
i-Sj^..j)
[j-i^ U*^)-^^j,*^y>./>
U^
3j'
"^'^
divided anpong
portion to
fighting
them
in pro-
^^^ ^_,^^
'^'^
the
number of
91 rupees
men
of each family.
is
My own
a year.
share
I divide this
among
$"
..^
294
PUSHTU MANUAL.
relations, giving $
^1
.,
my own
to
^^}^
.
^^
.
,
^l/lj^
.
^^
,
*.'.
of
my
^
j;
^'
'
^
;
with
whom
am on good
^j'i'^
u^!.;
j,^,^,
u^
y'3J^J!
l^
terms.
^j
J ^^ ^ ^^,
^j (v)
,
(7)
The usual
small
is to refer
way
of
in
^^S^j^^J^
j^^^sl^'
settling
disputes
Tirah
the case to
is
supposed
^^
"
^^
Jl
^^
"^
ing to
Muhammadan
^ c:^^^ S ^ j ^
,.^.
-^
y.
^^^
^*
{^^
.,
law,
^^-^ ^/fJ^ f
*
J
*
bribed.
'^Jj^ J u^'^
(8)
Owing
to the famine
rates
-xJ
las^
J "-r^^^i ^
(0
in
the
Punjab,
are
^^^y
^
f^^'>
JT7^
^^
^;^^
wheat
the
is
8|
seers,
J"^ Tv
^1
f^ '^^/j-'^
^^.l.O
^J^
The
have
y*
been
good
and plentiful
do
^ ^^Lsj ^^
,^
I
.
^ ^d
-v
.i
&>_
but the
poorer people
aj
O,^,
1^ d J
here, is sent
down country
'^i.
^'^^j^
Ch.j
^^'^
^y
^'^^i-
\J' -J
^ y A*
^^ J-^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
295
(9)
The new
settlement
will
summer
the
A
as
considerable
is
the revenue
expected,
much waste
cultivation
^
^
<i(LL.
^li ^-c^
.JuJ'-j
j>^
under
opening
of
the
y*! JJii-Ji
&~>>-<j
^i'*"
y
'^
'^
1^^"
new
canal.
Some Peshabecome
^A_^
jyX-ii.
)y^l
t>
'^*^
wealthy by buying up at a
jUj-=-I jcj
jLcI Jet
^jiysXiyi
now very
ever,
rich.
The
relaij--^
tions of the
^t)
(.^^A.^J
r"
V.)
^^
1^
claim
^.'j^/s>~ J
'^f t>
lkxki*i
i- _ iCii
ti
u^y u
(10)
Owing
to the
is
heavy
in flood,
is
J ^7
^'^
L3' ^J
vc
j:.
Jts^ s-JO_jl^
296
PUSHTU MANUAL.
v\
-''
\ *--"
^
\
inhabitants
L/**^
The
of
loss
di-
\^
cows
and
sheep^ have
-?'
^'^
-
numbers.
revenue
remitted.
Some
will
part of the
to
"
.,
nave
be
^^"
^"
LESSON XXX.
SPECIAL
H.
S.
PAPER.
Ap-il, 1900.
Officers.)
Pushtu.
(For Revenue
(1)
Occupancy
in
tenants
'j)
^jlc.J^
^
i
ij}jy*
"
i
^'^
\
>
are
rare
the Peshawar
v
^
'^
.-v
District, except in
Mardan,
*-
""-^^
^^^y
'^J^
} J^-'^ U V*
j'
'
t-^
j^^ J^ j^ P C5^
'
most valuable
'^
h"^
,
^
1
U^
^j
^H^^
i
^
jjj
^Jf^f^
^-
^)
s^'>S'
&c.
The
average
unin-
^^.^ J,L Jj
(^^J^^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
c'lmbered area per holding
297
^)
lS^)
.
J - i^j
,
viz.
10
acres
^J
i
i_sf..'^
is
there-
7
v-p,
fore
sufficient,
especially
v^ >
when the
^^* J^*^
^
-
^j^
Ci^a,^*^
borne in mind.
""i
SS ^_^0 J^'^
;ljJl
(2)
One
of the principal
^J
...
.
^
;
'>'
^^
..
<^
J^
t_^y ^. <^'y^;^
Punjab
supply
is to
^_^
^
^
-5^
^j^i.y
.
i
^^
"
of
and
carriage to
troops
passing
limits.
JPj^J-^
^,
'^J
-'
^
v
"'
J^
,^
lt>
t/y
c:-v.wj^JJo
somewhat
difficult
by the
^
^
\
-
A ^-^ Joj 5
^^
c
j^
issue of orders
by Governforced
.^
ment
forbidding
^/'^-?y C^^LS^
^=-
- u?^
^.J'^
J/ ;^
(_^)^^y
^
^^ ^
.^^Lud
^^
~
^
'r^r'
ci^^^jJu J^^\
^-
"r^J^
'^
2l^
and
most
of
the
^'^J
'J'j^^^
^S
298
PUSHTU MANUAL.
oUj^b J
^oii-
Jc^^^
,
.Ui*bj!,
dars" in procuring
carria2;e.
...
(3)
2^
"
(r)
''
\
\--
ment
the
direction
of
"-^
^^" "*"
"
-^
't'"^
'
ij^f- ^t
t
^^^:.'j
^ U^:^^
J*^
i/
'
^
..
^-^"
"
"
-'
^^f
> ^
!
u*^ y^
v.
^
'^J'*'
-
'
comthe
J-^
r
^,
^
Sj^
^^
^^1^
"
^'^'^j
since
j^^
'
^
l:^w^^.jjo
last settlement,
and
life
and
cJ^^J
c;""
tJ*'
i^^
.i
more
secure,
^^-> (JU
i \
^j^'o) ^-ju.)
"
t
5'
oi
5''r-'; "^
'^ 5
^
*_^
\'
''^'
L'J"*'
.
of
roads
and
boat-
\\-\
bridges.
-^
(4)
The
great
difficulty
in the
Bara group
^
.
}^
of private
^-^^
us"^-?' "
''
^^.
^
-r^,
^^^
'^
^"
,^
^},\
^l^
'j^.^
L/<*^
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
water-supply, which during
the
.
299
^^^
\
^^S ^^1
~\\
^
.
^J,
."
.
^-jui
hot
weather
It
is
is
very
to
i^';
scanty.
possible
^^^S^^ ^j'^
^ i>3i^
J^
"'
t^J^j
^^j^
A),
"
.
depended on
for irri-
~^ ^
J^
^'^
,.."'/
"
l))
'^^
.'*^<^
^ica Xj
g.ition purposes.
The
pro-
ject of a
sanctioned by the
Govern-
(vjr^rf-^
^
'Jj
<J^J ^^^1*
J^j**>
^
^^l^
*
shortly
be
"-^^-
^
*
i
\(
/-
^^
^^
(5)
/
"
an enormous
land-owners,
cases
who
in
many
^
(f
^
(->^
c:^v^^
:!
i_5y
I
^
.{,
^.-O
.v
have
accumulated
w;
the profit?
irrigation.
<Jx
]:
V^
C^
^r'*'
J\
(_?^'
'
.\^*
deserted
have been
completely
irrigated,
cultivated
and
a
U^3^
'^
S:>;^
^-T- ^3^
j'
JJ
w
\
and now
raise
The
distri-
"
^-^
"
^
/
^J^
^\
"^
however,
^^'^^
^
^
^
/
fA^*^^-^'**^.^'^^.
^
lA-.j
\
very satisfactory,
and
the
people
complain
of
<p
>
>
300
irregularities
PUSHTU MANUAIj,
practised
by
(6)
Sz^
^_5'^l<^
*s-
to
legal
deceased,
cannot
aside
If
orders
"
passed.
desire
you,
however,
"
that proceedings be
till
postponed
you
have
I will do so
but
if
for the
<Lt
J^< J
I
..
''
t)
AiJb
.J
j^^
JO (_$ 1^
I
)
you
have
will
be
supposed
to
Li'
jJLc
^li
k>
o)
^ji
jj_^
certificate,
and
also
will
the
suit,
which
is
barred
by
8.'..0
limitation,
be
given
,Jo J^^J'
^ AJi.^
Jis-
against you.
COLLDQUlAJi SENTENCES.
9
301
(7)
Kemember
that
when
and
obeyed the
has
applied
have the
sold,
attached
shall
property
I
so,
be bound to
do
and
proceeds
best.
for
as
may
think
It is therefore better
settle
you to
the
your case
with
decree-holder
^CU)
privately,
JO
<xl
O C^JUu
course.
for
j_^cXa< ,_5^^
after
(8)
In
all
cases in which
U)
,
^^
^'
^"
j.<,AJl
,
Jj
,
Xj
(a)
..
^
.^
;
^<)i*-
>
persons
arrested^
i.^
^-^J
^^
d^v<y
302
rusnTu manual.
J yj
^
x.>
b ^-. ^_^S
c
wr
Jj'JJ
*
ds\
\
'
to the spot
and thoroughly
^-^
&-
'^^
SP
-'-^
j
k
'
^jd
^
2S^'j
m
(
^j'"^
.
U'^^^'''
1
'
report
the
to
result
of
'
his
-
'
inquiry
the
District
^ cuUiAiisr ^_^^U.< j J
^^^-^
^
^jU
^j
'"^
Ju,
-^
^'
^'ju^^"
j^ j ^ /j
"
^^' ^ (^.^s^^jXLaS
,
^j^
^\^ \il^
'^i
-,
J.j
pro-
No
^r
i?
u^A*
^.
.
^Jji ^
^i'^
4\;U
neces-
^jAii ^^jJ
>>
jo
.....
^..
"
""
i
(9)
After the
expiration
^^
^^^
i>L <t>x
,
^O
,1
<xl
^^^j^ii^ji^'
be
..
'*
v^^
cii-o'v*^
1 .
Jj
^z-
^^^
...
jJ
^-
^oV^
<[.
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES.
wkich a person
is
'j03
tried is
c^*'^
:.
^ i^i
.
^^
-^
f^
,
^
'
^^.
.,
',
^^
./
^
^^'
^
u^y^
^j^jX^j^*
j_^.
.
,
on
tlie
ground
is
that
the
accused
a person of violent
J
'
"
or dangerous character.
The
in-
^^5^=-
^
^j^
,^
"^
^^ e:..^j.A^ ,.^*^"
1^
of
an
offence
is
"
^^
H
^ ^^^
ls
^j^ ^^
'
volving
sufficient
dishonesty
to
not
the
a
i^"^
'^''
l^^
^JT
justify
^ ^;]^j
^
^^
"
^
1^
S;^> ^;'>
r/^
-^
^^j-
'>:>.
^:
'Mr
^^cS
JlxK-o
{j^
(10)'
This
is
the fourth
^_c/
,
''
^^'
^'
'^^j
^y^ Oy
-J
,
y-H
*
'^
The
thieves were
of a
\
^
\\;.
^
^^^^ ^
mound and we
them.
fired
upon
*i_f jT j '-^J'^ji/y^
-?
-jJ -i
!/^
\
\j
I do not understand
^^
^^
^__^
304
prophecy.
eloped
PUSHTU MANUAL.
>
-J.
His
a
daughter
slave
tjj^-;^^
8^ yjf
i
^1^..
J^
j
^^'^
i
\
\
\
with
and
(*
^
^\.<
Jr
^!r
T
i.i
How many
have yon
fighting
men
S ^_^t3
^L j
^jJ,
in your
village?
^
"-'
j^
^
^^y.
_
^
,^-^
^.
^,
Yoke,
threshing
-
oxen,
floor,
V.)
- ^'^f- - Ct^ *
y^
plough,
camel;
\^
^^]
^^^^ (^
wolf,
locust.
parrot,
cow,
dung,
^U-<xi^a.i-V..>>
APPENDICES.
APPENDICES.
APPENDIX
A
I.
APPENDIX
A
II.
APPENDIX
Regulations
for
III.
Examination in Pushtu
by the
P.
I.,
vol.
ii.,
see. xxiv.,
part
v., paras.
65 to
77.)
308
PUSHTU MANUAL.
Higher Standard.
Examinations in Pushtu by
are held twice a year
(in April
tlie
Higher Standard
at the
and October),
following centres
At Peshawur, by the Central Committee At Dera Ismail Khan, by a Local Committee. At Meean Meer, ,, At Quetta, At Gilgit, At Chitral,
The Examinations and Tests are
(a)
:
A
in
MAKK8.
from
100
ii.
100
Ic)
Translation
and
of
with
sentences
read
cut by one
Examiners.
(d)
....
Total
the
100
as to be at once intelligible.
100
400
APPENDICES.
309
reporting
to
the Central
they award.
(a),
(c),
and the
character
to
which are
the
Roman
the
candidate's
dictation,
are
forwarded
Central Committee,
and
{d),
credit,"
657o
of the total.
LowEE Standard.
Exauiinations in
Wednesday
all
in January,
July,
and
October,
in
military stations
The Examination Committee consists of 3 officers, whom must have passed in Pushto by the Higher Standard, and the remainder by the Lower
one of
Standard.
Reading
ac-
^^^^^*
100
310
{b)
PUSHTU MANUATi.
Conversing with the Examiner, or
with a native, on subjects likely to
occur in the
performance
of
regi-
mental or professional
transaction^ of ordinary
duty, in the
business, or
life.
.
100
To
2)ass,
each ^subject.
<6
PHnted
Lo.vno.v
Asn wokixg
go.
>
21
Los Angeles
This book
is
DUE on
stamped below.
Phone Renewals
310/825-9188
rUNlVtKi//,
;UNIVER%
^^BC'DYRL
V0V15'
IJONVSOV^^
|llBRARY6?/^
"I
kAlIFO%.
^ME-UNIVERJ//
i
\Wf-ur'^
-ir.
a
L 009 589 870 6
k
';
A A
-^
;::
/^
ex
^.OfCAllF0%
OfCAUfO/?^.
I
"^^^Aavaaiv^
"^
^<?AtiV
YSOl^"^
uT^AwrFrrr
'^
/>.
-.
o
CAF-rAMFf'
:G/a;
^^
.\W{-UNIVER5//,
rU
Cc.
<^M-UBRARy/9/C
^l-UBRARYv'
>-
.WFDNIVfR
-=
CtL