BlackCat Logo Helpsheets

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Helpsheet

BlackCat LOGO
COMMANDS

fd bk rt

moves the turtle forwards moves the turtle backwards moves the turtle clockwise through a given number of degrees moves the turtle anticlockwise through a given number of degrees allows you to move the turtle without drawing a line allows you to draw again clears the screen and returns the turtle to the centre hides the turtle shows the turtle again repeats the commands in brackets N
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lt

pu

pd cs

ht st repeat N[ ] times
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Helpsheet

BlackCat LOGO
USING LOGO AT THE GREEN LEVEL (1)

Using Logo at the green level is a good introduction for pupils who are familiar with using Roamer commands as the keypad displayed at this level is very similar to that of the Roamer. Commands may be entered by selecting the buttons on the keypad, so the following sequence of commands will draw the letter T.
90 40

100

80

carries out the commands entered.

Introducing Repeats The above icon may be used to carry out the repeat command at the green level. For example, the following sequence of commands will draw a square: 100
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90

repeated 4 times
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Helpsheet

Use the Teacher Options (<CTRL> T) to set the turtle speed to slow to see the commands carried out more clearly.

BlackCat LOGO
EXTRA HELP AT THE GREEN LEVEL
A ruler and protractor are available by default at the green level. These may be switched on at the red and blue levels by selecting Extra Help from the Options drop down menu or by using the Teachers Page (<CTRL> T). Using the Ruler To display the ruler enter the forwards or backwards commands without following it with a value. Press <ENTER>. The ruler will appear as shown. Running the cursor along the ruler will cause the distance in pixels to be displayed in the box. Click when the distance required is shown. The turtle will move that distance. Using the Protractor The protractor works in a similar way. Enter the right or left command followed by <ENTER>.
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Helpsheet

Rotating the turtle will cause the angle in degrees to be displayed. Click when the required amount of turn is reached.

BlackCat LOGO

USING LOGO AT THE BLUE LEVEL

When using BlackCat Logo at the blue level the following icons are displayed down the left hand side of the screen:

Sends the turtle to the centre of the screen

Clears the screen

Toggles the pen up or down

Changes the pen colour

Changes the pen width

Changes the style of the pen

Changes the shape of the turtle

Displays a number of backgrounds

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Helpsheet

BlackCat LOGO USING REPEATS

(Repeats may also be introduced more simply at the green level see the green level helpsheet) The sequence of commands to draw a square with sides of 100 units is as follows:
fd 100, rt 90, fd 100, rt 90, fd 100. rt 90, fd 100, rt 90

This may be shortened by using the Repeat command to the following: repeat 4[fd 100 rt 90] (***You must use the square brackets located on the keyboard as indicated.***)

Type the above commands in the command window followed by ENTER. The turtle should draw a square.

Use the repeat command to draw squares of different sizes. What shape will the following commands draw?
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Helpsheet
repeat 2[fd 60 rt 90 fd 120 rt 90]

BlackCat LOGO CREATING PROCEDURES

Follow the instructions to create a procedure called square.

Click on the Procs tab on the right hand side of the screen followed by the New icon. The following window will open asking you to enter the procedure name. Type square followed by OK.

The Procedure Editor window will open.

Insert the cursor after the word square and press ENTER. Enter repeat 4[fd 100 rt 90]

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Helpsheet
Close the window. Type the word square in the Command Window and the turtle will draw a square.

BlackCat LOGO

SAVING AND EDITING PROCEDURES

Editing Procedures Procedures may be edited or amended as follows: Select the procedure you want to edit in the procedure window followed by the editing icon: The Procedure Editor window will open. You may then delete, amend or insert commands. Saving procedures Procedures may be saved to any folder on your computer or to floppy disk. To load a procedure that you have previously saved choose the arrow icon in the procedure window. The dialogue box shown will appear. You can highlight any procedures you want to use followed by Add. They will be

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Helpsheet
placed in the list in the Procedure window shown above.

BlackCat LOGO
USING PROCEDURES TO CREATE PATTERNS

Once procedures are created and saved they can be used to create other procedures or patterns. Create a procedure to draw a square or load a procedure you already have created. Click on the New Procedure Enter the word pattern. icon.

To create a circular pattern of repeating squares type: repeat 30[square rt 12] (ie. The turtle draws a square then turns through 12 degrees. This is repeated 30 times to make 360 degrees.) This should pattern procedure draw the shown below.

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Helpsheet

BlackCat LOGO
IMPORTING LOGO WORK INTO AN ART PACKAGE
Any pictures or patterns created in Blackcat Logo may be transferred to an art package to add colour, resize or add any other effects you wish.

(If you do not want the turtle to appear in your picture type hide turtle or ht)

Go to File Save as Image and enter a name for your picture. Close or minimize BlackCat Logo. Open RM Colour Magic. Select File Open and locate your saved picture. Use the and colour to add picture.
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fill tool palette colour to your

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Helpsheet

BlackCat LOGO
ACCESSING THE TEACHERS PAGE

Pressing <CTRL> and T at any point will take you to the teachers page, shown below.

This shows you the program settings for each level. Under the heading Options two features you may wish to change are the size of turtle step and the turtle speed.

Changing Turtle Steps The turtle step is set by default to 1 screen pixel, which is very small! At the green level, you can change this to medium (10 pixels) or large (100 pixels). Changing Turtle Speed The turtle speed is set by default to fast. Changing this to slow at any level allows children to follow a sequence of commands more easily.

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Helpsheet

Select the option you require followed by Save. You will be asked if you want to lose the settings for that level. Select Yes. (***If you want to make permanent changes on a C2K system you must first log on as a technician, otherwise changes will only last for that session until you exit the program.***)

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