Zinc Sulfate

Pronunciation: (zink SUL-fate) Class: Trace element Trade Names: Concentrated Zinc Sulfate - Injection zinc 5 mg/mL (as zinc sulfate 12.32 mg/mL) Trade Names: Eye-Sed - Solution 0.25% Trade Names: Orazinc - Tablets, oral 110 mg (zinc 25 mg) - Capsules, oral 220 mg (zinc 50 mg) Trade Names: Verazinc - Capsules, oral 220 mg (zinc 50 mg) Trade Names: Zinc 15 - Tablets, oral 66 mg (zinc 15 mg) Trade Names: Zinc-220 - Capsules, oral 220 mg (zinc 50 mg) Trade Names: Zinc Sulfate - Injection zinc 1 mg/mL (as zinc sulfate 2.46 mg/mL) Trade Names: Zincate - Capsules, oral 220 mg (zinc 50 mg) Rivasol (Canada)
Ads by Google

Luxury Rehab Australia

www.sanctuarybb.comExclusive, Private, One-on-One Treatment for Addiction

OxyHeal Health Group

www.OxyHeal.comHospital Wound/Hyperbaric Programs Hyperbaric Chamber Manufacturer

Learn all about omega-3s

www.siberiantigernaturals.comALA, EPA, DHA, fish oil, flax oil - one great article explains it all!

Pharmacology
Acts as an integral part of several enzymes important to protein and carbohydrate metabolism, wound healing, maintenance of normal growth and skin hydration, and senses of taste and smell.

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Some studies indicate that ingestion with certain foods may inhibit zinc absorption. It is poorly absorbed from the GI tract (only 20% to 30%).

Distribution
Major stores of zinc are in the skeletal muscle and bone.

Elimination
Approximately 90% is excreted through the intestines; approximately 2% in the urine.

Indications and Usage

Dietary supplementation; supplement to IV solutions given for TPN; treatment or prevention of zinc deficiencies. Ophthalmic solution used as mild astringent for relief of eye irritation.

Unlabeled Uses
Treatment of acrodermatitis enteropathica and delayed wound healing associated with zinc deficiency; treatment of acne, rheumatoid arthritis, Wilson disease.

Contraindications
Direct injection of undiluted solution into peripheral vein.

Dosage and Administration

Astringent Adults Ophthalmic 1 to 2 drops into eye(s) up to 4 times daily. Dietary Supplement Adults PO 25 to 50 mg/day. Supplementation in Patients Receiving TPN Full-term infants and children up to 5 y of age

IV 100 mcg/kg/day of zinc added to TPN. Metabolically stable adults IV 2.5 to 4 mg/day of zinc added to TPN. Add 2 mg/day for acute catabolic state. Premature infants (birth weight less than 1,500 g) up to 3 kg IV 300 mcg/kg/day of zinc added to TPN. Stable adults with fluid loss from small bowel IV Increase dose by 12.2 mg of zinc per liter of TPN or 17.1 mg of zinc per kilogram of loose stool or ileostomy output.

General Advice
y y

Do not give injection undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein. Add to TPN solution.

Indication & Dosage

Oral Zinc deficiency Adult: 50 mg of elemental zinc tid. Intravenous Zinc deficiency Adult: 6.5 mg elemental zinc (100 micromoles) daily. Ophthalmic Minor eye irritation Adult: In combination with a vasoconstrictor, 1-2 drops are instilled into the eye 2-4 times daily. Incompatibility: Mixing sodium borate, glycerin and methylcellulose with zinc sulfate may cause preciptation.

Special Precautions Adverse Drug Reactions Drug Interactions

Oral/IV: Monitor CBC and serum cholesterol to detect early signs of copper deficiency, especially if prolonged high dose use of zinc. Topical: Consult medical advice if relief not seen within 3 days. Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, gastric irritation, gastritis. Prolonged use may cause copper deficiency (e.g. sideroblastic anaemia, neutropenia) Reduced absorption of both zinc and oral iron supplements, penicillamine and tetracyclines when admin concomitantly. Phosphorus-containing preparations reduce zinc absorption. Zn sulfate reduces absorption of copper and flouroquinolones e.g. ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Reduced zinc absorption with calcium co-admin. Reduced bisphosphonates absorption with concurrent zinc admin. Absorption of Zn sulfate is reduced by milk, phytates (present in cereals, rice, corn, legumes) and some minerals (e.g. iron, calcium).

Food Interaction

Storage Mechanism of Action

Ophthalmic: Store below 40C. As an ophthalmic preparation, zinc sulfate precipitates protein and this is responsible for the astringent and weak antiseptic activity of Zn sulfate. It also produces mild vasodilation. Zinc sulfate can also be used orally or systemically as a zinc supplement. 220 mg of zinc sulfate (heptahydrate) contains 50 mg of elemental zinc. Absorption: Following oral administration, 20-30% of dietary Zn is absorbed. Distribution: Widely distributed but concentrated within the muscle, bone, skin and prostatic fluids. Excretion: Primarily via faeces at approx 90%; small amounts via urine at approx 2% and via perspiration. Electrolytes / Other Eye Preparations A12CB01 - Zinc sulfate ; Belongs to the class of zinc-containing preparations. Used as dietary supplements.

CIMS Class ATC Classification

Amikacin

Indication & Dosage

Parenteral Uncomplicated urinary tract infections Adult: 250 mg bid, given via IM, IV inj over 2-3 minutes or as IV infusion. Max Dosage: Renal impairment: Dosage adjustments may be made by (a) normal doses at increased dosing intervals or (b) reduced doses at the usual intervals. For (a), dosing interval (in hr) can be calculated by multiplying the patient's serum creatinine (mg/100ml) by 9. For (b), initiate at normal dose. Maintenance doses can be calculated by dividing the normal dose by the patient's serum creatinine. Parenteral Severe Gram-negative infections resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin Adult: 15 mg/kg daily in equally divided doses injected every 8 or 12 hr for 7-10 days. Max: Up to 500 mg every 8 hr in life-threatening infections. Max cumulative dose: 15 g. Doses may be given via IM, slow IV inj over 2-3 minutes or IV infusion. Child: 15 mg/kg daily in equally divided doses injected every 8 or 12 hr for 7-10 days. Neonates: 10 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses. Renal impairment: Dosage adjustments may be made by (a) normal doses at increased dosing intervals or (b) reduced doses at the usual intervals. For (a), dosing interval (in hr) can be calculated by multiplying the patient's serum creatinine (mg/100ml) by 9. For (b), initiate at normal dose. Maintenance doses can be calculated by dividing the normal dose by the patient's serum creatinine. Peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis may be used in case of overdosage.

Overdosage

Contraindications Pregnancy, perforated ear drum, myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity. Special Precautions Renal impairment; vertigo, tinnitus. Discontinue if signs of ototoxicity, neurotoxicity or hypersensitivity occurs; lactation. Safety has not been established for treatment period >14 days. Monitor renal function before and during treatment. Tinnitus, vertigo; ataxia and overt deafness. Potentially Fatal: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade. Amphotericin B may lead to increased nephrotoxicity and reduced clearance of amikacin when used together. Potentially Fatal: Increased ototoxic or nephrotoxic effects with other nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs. Enhanced neuromuscular blockade with neuromuscular blocking drugs. Increased risk of ototoxicity with potent diuretics. Click to view more amikacin Drug Interactions

Adverse Drug Reactions Drug Interactions

Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Category D: There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective). Parenteral: Store at 15-30C. Amikacin binds to 30S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria, thus inhibiting its protein synthesis. Distribution: Detected in body tissues and fluids after inj; crosses the placenta but does not readily penetrate the CSF. Significant amounts penetrate the blood-brain barrier in children with meningitis. Excretion: Via the urine by glomerular filtration (within 24 hr); 2-3 hr (elimination half-life). Aminoglycosides D06AX12 - Amikacin ; Belongs to the class of other topical antibiotics used in the treatment of dermatological diseases. J01GB06 - Amikacin ; Belongs to the class of other aminoglycosides. Used in the systemic treatment of infections. S01AA21 - Amikacin ; Belongs to the class of antibiotics. Used in the treatment of eye infections.

Storage Mechanism of Action

MIMS Class ATC Classification

Dibencozide

Indication & Dosage

Parenteral Uncomplicated urinary tract infections Adult: 250 mg bid, given via IM, IV inj over 2-3 minutes or as IV infusion. Max Dosage: Renal impairment: Dosage adjustments may be made by (a) normal doses at increased dosing intervals or (b) reduced doses at the usual intervals. For (a),

dosing interval (in hr) can be calculated by multiplying the patient's serum creatinine (mg/100ml) by 9. For (b), initiate at normal dose. Maintenance doses can be calculated by dividing the normal dose by the patient's serum creatinine. Parenteral Severe Gram-negative infections resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin Adult: 15 mg/kg daily in equally divided doses injected every 8 or 12 hr for 7-10 days. Max: Up to 500 mg every 8 hr in life-threatening infections. Max cumulative dose: 15 g. Doses may be given via IM, slow IV inj over 2-3 minutes or IV infusion. Child: 15 mg/kg daily in equally divided doses injected every 8 or 12 hr for 7-10 days. Neonates: 10 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses. Renal impairment: Dosage adjustments may be made by (a) normal doses at increased dosing intervals or (b) reduced doses at the usual intervals. For (a), dosing interval (in hr) can be calculated by multiplying the patient's serum creatinine (mg/100ml) by 9. For (b), initiate at normal dose. Maintenance doses can be calculated by dividing the normal dose by the patient's serum creatinine. Overdosage Special Precautions Peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis may be used in case of overdosage. Renal impairment; vertigo, tinnitus. Discontinue if signs of ototoxicity, neurotoxicity or hypersensitivity occurs; lactation. Safety has not been established for treatment period >14 days. Monitor renal function before and during treatment. Tinnitus, vertigo; ataxia and overt deafness. Potentially Fatal: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade. Amphotericin B may lead to increased nephrotoxicity and reduced clearance of amikacin when used together. Potentially Fatal: Increased ototoxic or nephrotoxic effects with other nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs. Enhanced neuromuscular blockade with neuromuscular blocking drugs. Increased risk of ototoxicity with potent diuretics. Click to view more amikacin Drug Interactions Contraindications Pregnancy, perforated ear drum, myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity.

Adverse Drug Reactions Drug Interactions

Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

Category D: There is positive evidence of human foetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threatening situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective). Parenteral: Store at 15-30C. Amikacin binds to 30S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria, thus inhibiting its protein synthesis. Distribution: Detected in body tissues and fluids after inj; crosses the

Storage Mechanism of Action

placenta but does not readily penetrate the CSF. Significant amounts penetrate the blood-brain barrier in children with meningitis. Excretion: Via the urine by glomerular filtration (within 24 hr); 2-3 hr (elimination half-life). MIMS Class ATC Classification Aminoglycosides D06AX12 - Amikacin ; Belongs to the class of other topical antibiotics used in the treatment of dermatological diseases. J01GB06 - Amikacin ; Belongs to the class of other aminoglycosides. Used in the systemic treatment of infections. S01AA21 - Amikacin ; Belongs to the class of antibiotics. Used in the treatment of eye infections.

Moriamin

Brand name: Moriamin Forte Generic name: Calcium pantothenic Indication: malnutrition, protein and

vitamin deficiencies,

anemia, convalescence, restoration and maintenance of body resistance, pregnancy and lactation, adjuvant in the therapy of peptic ulcer and TB. Drug classification: multivitamins and minerals
Mechanism of action: Dosage: adult 1-2 cap/day; children 1 cap/day Special precaution: may color urine yellow Pregnancy risk category Adverse reactions: hypervitaminosis (large doses) Contraindications: contraindicated for patients with

malabsorption syndrome Form: cap 100s

Nursing responsibilities:

Assess patient for signs of vitamin deficiency before and periodically throughout

therapy. Assess nutritional status through 24 h dietary recall. Determine frequency of consumption of nutritious foods