Q-1: why the transformer rating in KVA? Answer: Any device is rated depending on losses of the machine.

In a transformer the losses are iron losses which depend on voltage and copper losses which depend on current so there are no losses which depend on power factor hence transformer is rated in KVA. Q 3: Describe the condition for parallel operation of generator. Answer: Parallel operation of alternators is called synchronization. A synchroscope is an instrument for indicating the correct time for switching on. Three conditions must be fulfilled for synchronization. 1. Voltage must be same. 2. Frequency must be same. And 3. Voltage should be in phase position with respect to local series circuit. Additional requirement is that the phase rotation must be the same. Q-4: write down the difference between common base, common emitter and common collection circuit Answer: S. No. 1 2 3 4 Characteristic Input resistance Output resistance Voltage gain Applications Common base Low (about 100) Very high 450K) About 150 Common emitter Low (about 750) (about High (about 45K) About 500 Common collector Very high (750K) Low (about 50) Less than 1

For high For audio For impedance frequency frequency matching applications application

Q 5: what do you mean by harmonic? How does it eliminate from a generating unit? Q 6: write down the difference between micro computer and micro processor. Answer: Microprocessor: Microprocessor is a simple central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip (remember the word Single Chip). It includes Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit (CU), registers, instruction decoders, bus control circuit etc. but everything should be on a single chip. Microcomputer: A microcomputer is the association of microprocessor and the peripheral I/O devices, support circuitry and memory (both data and program). It is not necessary to be on a single chip (remember this point, not in a single chip). Q 7: what do you mean by switch-gear? What are the difference between switch gear and insulator?

Answer: switching, controlling, protecting the electrical circuit and electrical equipments is called switchgear. Switch-gear can automatically detect the fault in power system and disconnect the faulty part. But insulator cannot do that it can only make insulation between two conductors or something. Q 19. What do you mean by hard handoff and soft handoff in mobile communication system? Answer: In a mobile cellular communication network, a hard handoff (or hard handover) is a typical Handoff mechanism in a communication network which is designed to work by first breaking off from the initial connection with a base station before switching to another base station. This is done in order to retain communications in a session for mobile users after incurring a non perceptible and insignificant brief interruption. A Hard handoff is also referred to as Breakbefore-Make handover. Soft handover or soft handoff refers to a feature used by the CDMA and WCDMA standards, where a cell phone is simultaneously connected to two or more cells (or cell sectors) during a call. If the sectors are from the same physical cell site (a sectorised site), it is referred to as softer handoff. Q 16: why ac transmission is superior to dc describe. Answer: DC has massive losses when transmitted large distances. The lines must be large (heavy and expensive), so as to have minimum resistance. AC can be passed through a transformer, boosting the voltage to very high potentials, and by Ohm's law, if the voltage is higher, the current is lower. It is current through resistance that causes transmission losses (R x I^2), so by lowering the current, losses are minimized. Any losses of voltage at the receiving end of the high voltage line can be compensated for by transformer design, when the voltage is dropped back to domestic voltages. DC cannot be transformed. Q 14: draw the block diagram of a computer system. Answer:

Q -15: what is TCP/IP? Write the name of various layers. Answer: TCP/IP named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard. The Internet Protocol Suite consists of four abstraction layers. From the lowest to the highest layer, these are the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer. Q12: Define modulation? Draw the block diagram of a Signal transmission system. Answer: In electronics and telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a high-frequency periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating signal which typically contains information to be transmitted.

Q-8: Draw the circuit diagram, truth table, Boolean function of a full adder. Answer: A B Cin Cout s 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1