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People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
People involved
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Introduction
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction
Consistent model for classical radiation reaction. Grid-free electromagnetic simulation model. Simulation of e+ e cascading in intense laser elds. Exponential growth of pair production over a wide range of parameters.
Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Self-elds
To understand the origin of self-elds we consider the potential of a charge A (y) where j (z) = ec d x ( ) 4 [y x( )] . = e 0 c d 4 z (y 0 z 0 ) [(y z)2 ] j (z) ,
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
Remarks
e x ( + ) , 20 x( + ) [y x( + )]
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
= 0,
y > x ( ) .
Self-elds
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
dx + v= ( ) dt
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks
In simple words: The eld contribution of those elds at the world line of the particle is the self-eld. However, the eld on the world line is diverging. It is problematic to introduce point particles into a continuum theory as is Classical Electomagnetism (see Gralla et al.).
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
2 e4 E0 2 2 0 me c 4
eE0 a= me c
Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave
= =
e 1 F u , A = j c 0 c 2 Z 4 ec d u ( ) [x x( )]
Aself
e 0 c
d u ( ) G+ [x x( )]
LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
mr u
mr
1 2e2 e , u + u u u Fext u + c 30 c 3 c2 ! Z [] e2 . me 1 + d 20 c 3 ||
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich
me u
2e2 e u + F c 30 c 3
1 u + u u u 2 c
= = =
e F u d me c e ` F u u + F u me c e e F F u F u u me c me c d
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Fself
2e3 30 me c 4
F u u
e me c
F u
2e4
2 30 me c 7
F u u u
Valid if 2 a 1.
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
= A
f (), = k x, k
= k = 0, = 1 ,
LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
= = =
0 d(k u) d
k F
` k k f () ,
k u =0.
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich
()
k u(0)
u()
u(0)
e me c
u ()
u (0)
e me c
(f () f (0)) + e2
2 me c 2
u(0)
k u(0)
! .
Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
(f () f (0))
k k u(0)
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich
k F
d(k u) d
2e4
3 30 me c 5
People involved (k u) A
2 2
d(k u) (k u)2
()
= =
C A ()d ,
C =
2e2
e2
2 30 me c 3 me c 2
(k u)()
A () A ()
2
= =
a0 cos() ,
2 2
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
a0 cos () ,
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
(k u)() =
1
2 1 + Ca0
sin(2) + 2 4
1+
u2 c2
ux c
d d
LF in a plane wave 2 1 + 8( ) (Ca0 ) 1 LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
( )
2 2 2 8 q me a Ca0 = 1.48 10 e2 m L
Remarks
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
Radiation reaction is large if a large number of electrons can be accelerated coherently or a few charges are at high energies prior to interacting with the intense laser eld or the laser eld is very intense or a combination of all. The Landau-Lifshitz approach becomes invalid and quantum vacuum effects enter as soon as self-eld effects become signicant.
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich
d up dt d rp dt F ext
= =
e ext self F + Fp + m up
i=p
FiLW
People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
B self = E self .
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
= = = =
e 4
0 @
2 (1 n )2 R 2
1 n [(n ) ] c (1 n )3 R
1 A
LW
nE
LW
r (t) r q
n=
r r
|r r |
c (t t )
(r r )2
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
For I > 1024 W/cm2 quantum vacuum effects, like pair creation, may become important, since sufciently many hard photons are produced.
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction
Transition rates will be functions of the external electromagnetic eld. Energy-momentum transfer from the external eld will be neglected. Dressed transition rates must be computed (see Landau & Lifshitz and Nikishov & Ritus and Reiss, PRL 26, 1971).
Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved 2m
2
q2
!1/2
1+
q2
Pair creation is an electric effect, since |E(q)|2 |B(q)|2 0. To make pair creation viable in laser elds external eld congurations must be found, for which the electric eld is large or the magnetic eld disappears. Transition rates should be computed for those eld topologies in a non-perturbative way. This is not possible in the general case. One is forced to make sacrices.
LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich
e a0 me c
me c 2 e E0
f = .
F F
2 2 Es
E 2 c2 B2
2 Es
1,
g =
F F
2 8 Es
cE B
2 Es
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime
a0 k x
Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations
(, ) =
Z m2 2
x
d Ai() +
2 x
+ x
dAi (x) dx
x = .
( )
!2/3
0<
+
( ): dAi dx !
(, ) =
m2 2
Z
y
d Ai() +
2 y
(y)
The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
y = .
( )
!2/3
0<
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction
= .
m3 c 4
r e 2
Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction
= e E(t)
LL in a plane wave Remarks E0 t 2 The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
, E E0 =
E0 t eE0 t 2Es me
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
We can solve for the time. For the creation time ( 1) it holds that t . This time is much smaller than 1/ if: r m
3 15 V
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave
Es me
2 e E0
2 Es 2 E0 me
E0 .
Es 10
Es = 10
Es
Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved Introduction
For the number of e -pairs obtained in the laser eld with one initial slow electron it holds: 0.1 1.0 2.0 . I 3 10 3 1025 1.2 1026
W cm2 23
LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion
Conclusion
Simulation of QED-Cascading in Ultra-Intense Laser Fields Hartmut Ruhl and Nina Elkina, LMU Munich People involved
The quantum radiation regime is probably reached well below the Schwinger eld. With a rst cold electron present cascading sets in as soon as the intensity threshold is reached and growth is expontential. Codes that can handle the physics represent a new generation of simulation codes because of self-elds, rapidly rising particle numbers and dynamic scales.
Introduction Radiation reaction LAD equations LAD and LL LF in a plane wave LL in a plane wave Remarks The numerical model: The classical realm The numerical model: Quantum regime Conclusion