Ethics /terz,RN/

Nihilism Relativism Hedonistic worldview -

ETHICS ethos - ___________ - standard to examine and understand moral life MORALS specific ways of behavior or of accomplishing tasks MORALITY ____________ social consensus about moral conduct for human beings and society

JOSEPH FLETCHER morality vs. ethics 1. Morality - _____________________________________________ 2. Ethics - ______________________________________________

_______________________ branch of moral science concerned with the obligations that a member of the profession owes to the public. _______________________ - the division of ethics that relates to human health _______________________ - focuses on moral issues in the field of health care - a systematic study of human behavior in the field of life science and health care in the light of moral values and principles _______________________ - reinforces the nurses ideals and motives in order to maximize the effectivity of service. __________________ examination of all ethical and bioethical issues from the prospective of nursing theory and nursing ethics Ethical Principles and other approaches TELELOGICAL APPROACH / __________________________________________ Telelogy telos - __________________________ Maxim __________________________________________________________. Also termed as _________________________________ 1. The good resides in the promotion of happiness or the greatest net increase of pleasure over pain. 2. Fletcher If the act helps people, then it is a good act, and if it hurts people, then it is a bad one DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACH / ___________________________________ - the basic rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the intrinsic nature rather than upon the situation or its consequences - deon - ___________________ Person (Immanuel Kant) a rational human being with ___________________ and ________________ 1. A person is morally good and admirable if his actions are done from a sense of __________________ and ___________________. W. D. Ross consequences have value 1. Theory of PRIMA FACIE DUTIES _______________________________________________________________________ Duties of fidelity Duties of reparation Duties of gratitude Duties of justice Duties of beneficence Duties of self improvement Duties of nonmaleficence VIRTUE ETHICS APPROACH - known as _________________________ - focused primarily on the heart of the person performing the act Intellectual virtue - ______________________________

Moral virtue- _________________________________

DIVINE COMMAND ETHICS - based on the theory that there is a ___________________________________ - for Christians - _______________________________ PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS

1. AUTONOMY autos ____________ nomos _____________________

- SELF DETERMINATION AND FREEDOM TO DECIDE Restrictions on autonomy: ______________________________ The person making the decision must be: 1._______________________ 2. _______________________ 3. _______________________ -

2. VERACITY - ______________________
responsibility of the patient to give complete information about his complaints responsibility of the health care team to provide information regarding patient care ___________________________ - the practitioner himself intentionally withholds information according to his sound judgment use of PLACEBOS nondisclosure and deception for the welfare of the patient - doing acts that directly benefits the patient patients bill of rights all activities provided to patients must be conducted with deep considerations of their values and dignity

3. BENEFICENCE - ____________________

4. NONMALEFICENCE - _____________________________
when death is imminent, the nurse should not abandon the patient nurses should not participate in treatments or procedures that will harm the patient Beneficence one ought to prevent evil or harm one ought to remove evil or harm one ought to do or promote good

Non Maleficence one ought not to inflict harm

5. CONFIDENTIALITY - privileged communication (based on trust) - the patient and his/her family are entitled to know information or facts within the limits determined by the physician Confidential information may be revealed only when: 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ Confidential information may also be revealed upon lawful order of the court

6. JUSTICE - _________________________________________________
priority for the needs of the underprivileged, the sick, the elderly and the disabled, the women and children health is a basic human right National Health Insurance Act of 1995 - _________________________________________ RA 7432 - _______________________________ - 20 percent discount in public establishments

7. ROLE FIDELITY - practice faithfully within constraints of the role Ethics Committee in Hospitals (_________________________) - discuss sensitive issues regarding ethical dilemmas in the hospital PATIENTS RESPONSIBILITIES 1. providing information 2. complying with instructions 3. informing the physician of refusal to treatment 4. paying hospital charges 5. following hospital rules and regulation 6. showing respect and consideration BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS OF RESEARCH SUBJECTS 1. ______________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________ MORAL PRINCIPLES 1. The Golden Rule: ___________________________________________________

2. The Two fold effect

a. b. c. basis of action the action must be ____________________ the intention is to achieve the good effect the expected good effect must be equal to or greater than the harmful effect that is expected d. the good effect must follow from the action, or at least, must happen as immediately as the bad effect.

3. The principle of totality: ______________________________________________ 4. Epikia: ___________________________________________________

5. One who acts through an agent is himself responsible 6. No one is obliged to betray himself/herself 7. The end does not justify the means 8. Defects of nature may be corrected 9. If one is willing to cooperate in the act, no injustice is done to him/her 10. 11. 12. 13. A little more or less does not change the subject of an act The greatest good for the greatest number No one is held to the impossible The morality of cooperation

14. Principle relating to the origin and destruction of life

INFORMED CONSENT __________________________ - self determination and freedom to choose and implement ones decision, free from deceit, duress, constraint and coercion ELEMENTS of informed consent 1. ________________________________ 2. ________________________________

3. ________________________________ 4. _______________________________ 5. _______________________________ NURSING CODE OF ETHICS RA 9173 BR # 220, series of 2004 REGISTERED NURSES AND PEOPLE Ethical Principles 1. Values, Customs, and spiritual beliefs shall be respected 2. individual freedom to make decisions 3. personal information acquired must be held in confidence Guidelines to be observed: a. Individuality and totality of patients b. Respect c. Uphold the rights of individuals d. Take into consideration culture and values - in the event of conflicts WELFARE and SAFETY are priorities REGISTERED NURSES AND PRACTICE Ethical Principles 1. Human life is inviolable 2. Quality and excellence in the care of patients 3. Accurate documentation hallmark of NURSING ACCOUNTABILITY Guidelines to be observed: a. know the definition and scope of practice RA 9173 b. be aware of their duties and responsibilities c. acquire and develop competence in knowledge, skills and attitude d. for administrators, be responsible for the growth of RNs e. be cognizant that professional programs for specialty certification by the BON are accredited through the ____________________________________________________________ f. nursing care and practice meet the optimum standard of SAFE NURSING PRACTICE g. insure that modification of practice shall consider PRINCIPLES OF SAFE NURISNG PRACTICE h. if in authority, minimize occurrence of ineffective and unlawful nursing practice i. ensure that PATIENTS RECORDS shall be available only when needed and required by LAW Ethical Principle: 4. Registered Nurses are advocates of patients safeguard RIGHTS and PRIVILEGES Guidelines to be observed: a. respect the Patients Bill of Rights b. provide information to patients and their families except when harmful c. uphold patients rights when conflicts occur Ethical Principle: 5.