USB DEVICES

VAIBHAV JAIN MALIKA ANEJA

USB DEVICES
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a new way of attaching devices to personal computers. The bus architecture features two-way communication and has been developed as a response to devices becoming smarter and requiring more interaction with the host. USB support is included in all current PC chipsets and is therefore available in all recently built PCs. Apple's introduction of the USB-only iMac has been a major incentive for hardware manufacturers to produce USB versions of their devices. The future PC specifications specify that all legacy connectors on PCs should be replaced by one or more USB connectors, providing generic plug and play capabilities. Support for USB hardware was available at a very early stage in NetBSD and was developed by Lennart Augustsson for the NetBSD project. The code has been ported to FreeBSD and we are currently maintaining a shared code base. For the implementation of the USB subsystem a number of features of USB are important.
Devices

connect to ports on the computer directly or on devices called hubs, forming a treelike device structure. The devices can be connected and disconnected at run time. Devices can suspend themselves and trigger resumes of the host system As the devices can be powered from the bus, the host software has to keep track of power budgets for each hub. Different quality of service requirements by the different device types together with the maximum of 126 devices that can be connected to the same bus, require proper scheduling of transfers on the shared bus to take full advantage of the 12Mbps bandwidth available. (over 400Mbps with USB 2.0) Devices are intelligent and contain easily accessible information about themselves

The USB mass storage device class, otherwise known as USB MSC or UMS, is a protocol that allows a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device to become accessible to a host computing device, to enable file transfers between the two. To the host device, the USB device appears similar to an external hard drive, enabling drag-and-drop file transfers. The USB mass storage device class comprises a set of computing communications protocols defined by the USB Implementers Forum that run on the Universal Serial Bus. The standard provides an interface to a variety of storage devices.

An USB flash drive like this one will typically implement the USB mass storage device class. Some of the devices that are connected to computers via this standard include:

external magnetic hard drives external optical drives, including CD and DVD reader and writer drives portable flash memory devices adapters bridging between standard flash memory cards and USB connections digital cameras various digital audio players and portable media players card readers PDAs mobile phones

TABLE LISTING VARIOUS USB DEVICES :

USB DEVICE 1. PEN DRIVES USE A Pen Drive is a removable storage device that plugs into a computer's USB port. Small enough to carry on a key ring, Pen Drives are great for transferring photos, music, documents and any other data from one computer to another INVENTION Pen Drives were invented by IBM in 1988 as a replacement to Floppy Disks FEATURES
USB flash drives offer the capacity of a modest hard drive, the portability of a cigarette lighter, and the plug-and-play simplicity of a modern peripheral.

BRANDS 1.Cruzer Blade(wate rproof) 2.Sandisk

PRICE RANGE Rs. 325(4GB)Rs. 1075(16GB) Rs.300(4GB)Rs.1050(16GB)

FIGURE

3.HP MICRO

Rs.350

2.USB HARD DISKS

A USB flash drive consists of a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk. Most weigh less than 30 g (1 oz). Storage capacities in 2010 can be as large as 256 GB with steady improvements in size and price per capacity expected. Some allow 1 million write or erase cycles and offer a 10-year shelf

Trek Technology and IBM began selling the first USB flash drives commerciall y in 2000. The Singaporean Trek Technology sold a model under the brand name "ThumbDri ve", and IBM marketed the first such drives in North America with its product named the "DiskOnKe

Flash memory combines a number of older technologies, with lower cost, lower power consumption and small size made possible by advances in microprocessor technology.

500 GB (2.0 and 3.0 DRIVE) 1.Seagate Rs. 2650 2.Toshiba Rs.2850 3.Western Digital +Rs.1200(wire)

storage time

y" which was developed and manufacture d by the Israeli company M-Systems. A wheel : 270 mm, leather wrapped steering wheel.Range of rotation adjustable up to 900 degrees. 2 force feedback motors. One set of gears between motors and wheel, including an antibacklash design. 2 paddle shifters. 6 buttons. A set of stainless steel pedals, including: Accelerator. (light spring) Brake (heavy spring) Clutch. (medium
1.Genius 2. Logitech 3.Razor Rs.1750Rs.6000

3.DRIVI NG WHEEL S (Gaming wheels)

A driving wheel is the preferred method of control for use in racing video games, racing simulators, and driving simulators. They are usually packaged with a large paddle style d as a steering wheel, along with a set of pedals for gas, brake, and sometimes clutch actuation, as well as various shifter controls. An analog wheel and pedal set such as this allows the user to accurately manipulate steering angle and pedal control that is required to properly manage a simulated car, as opposed to digital control such as a keyboard. The relatively large range of motion further allows the

user to more accurately apply the controls. Racing wheels have been developed for use with arcade games, game consoles, personal computers, and also for professional driving simulators for race drivers

spring) A carpet grip which keeps the pedals in position while playing. A shifter unit: 8 buttons. 1 D-pad. A gear stick with a six speed 'H' pattern gearbox. Reverse is selected by pressing down and changing to sixth.

4. JOYSTI CKS

A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks, also known as 'control columns', are the principal control in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either as a center stick or side-stick. They often have

The first electrical 2axis joystick was probably invented around 1944 in Germany. Ralph H. Baer, inventor of television video games and the Magnavox Odyssey

Most joysticks are two dimensional, having two axes of movement (similar to a mouse). A joystick is generally configured so that moving the stick left or right signals movement along the X axis, and moving it forward (up) or back

1.Genious 2. Logitech 3.Razor Rs.650-Rs.3000

supplementary switches on them to control other aspects of the aircraft's flight. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more pushbuttons whose state can also be read by the computer.

console, released in 1972, created the first video game joysticks in 1967. They were able to control the horizontal and vertical position of a spot displayed on a screen.

(down) signals movement along the Y axis. In joysticks that are configured for three-dimensional movement, twisting the stick left (counterclockwise) or right (clockwise) signals movement along the Z axis. These three axes - X Y and Z - are, in relation to an aircraft, roll, pitch, and yaw. An analog joystick is a joystick which has continuous states, i.e. returns an angle measure of the movement in any direction in the plane or the space (usually using potentiomete rs) and a digital joystick gives only on/off signals for four different directions, and mechanically

possible combinations (such as up-right, downleft, etc.). (Digital joysticks were very common as game controllers for the video game consoles, arcade machines, and home computers of the 1980s)
5.USB MOUSE

The PS/2 interface has disappeared from the new generations of PCs to leave the place to the USB interface. This change has to be followed by the designers of pointing devices, who should integrate the USB interface and allow an easy connection to new PCs. The USB mouse application requires the following hardware:

Runs with AT90USB Microcontrollers at 8MHz USB Low Power Bus Powered Device (less then 100mA) Supported by any PC running Windows (98SE or later), Linux or Mac OS. Less than 3Kbytes of Code Required X, Y Movement, Left Button Supported

1.Intex 2. Quantum

Rs.100-Rs.300

3. Logitech 4.I-Ball Rs.1100Rs.1350 (wireless)

 AVR USB evaluation board (STK525, AT90USBKey, STK526...or your own board) AVR USB microcontroller USB cable (Standard A to Mini B) PC running on Windows (98SE, ME, 2000, XP), Linux or MAC OS with USB 1.1 or 2.0 host The PS/2 interface is disappearing from the new generation PCs being replaced by the USB interface, which has become the standard interface between the PCs and peripherals. This change must be followed by keyboard designers, who must integrate the USB interface to connect the keyboard to the PC. The USB keyboard application

6.USB KEYBO ARD

Supported by Windows 98 or later, Linux and MAC OS No driver installation Display a simple text message Does not support keyboard LEDs management

1.Intex 2. Quantum Rs.200-Rs.350

3. Logitech 4.I-Ball 0 Rs.50

requires the following hardware: 1. AVR USB evaluation board (STK525, AT90USBKey, STK526...or your own board) 2. AVR USB microcontroller 3. USB cable (Standard A to Mini B) 4. PC running on Windows (98SE, ME, 2000, XP, Vista), Linux or MAC OS with USB 1.1 or 2.0 host)