The MBA students from graduate school, in lieu of the subject of values and ethics under our Professor

Dr. Leonarda R. Aguinalde, conduct a series of survey of young freshmen studying at UC, SLU and UB to gauge the attitudes about ethical behavior, particularly with respect to actions in school and the workplace. Freshmen students to demeanor ethical survey focused on social networking and the workplace and examined the ethical implications for teenagers who access to sites like facebook, friendster, myspace and twitter as an integral part of their lives. The volatile growth of social networks all over the world, the survey explored the amount of time that teenagers accessing social network sites while on job and schools and the extend how the teenagers will react and stood up to their postings. It also looks up whether teenagers behaving ethically or unethically while on social networking sites, whether they would stand up for someone who might be a dupe of inappropriate behavior or help encourage support on social networking sites. The findings and suggested of this ethical survey for freshmen students that the progressively more extensive use of social networking sites could pose a dilemma to corporate reputation, confidential information and productivity. The important thing to do for ethical behavior for teenagers is guidance in learning to make precise choices whether online or offline and training tools and role models to help with ethical decision making will help the future manager(teenagers) steer both their online real words. We used Slovin's formula to calculate the population of freshmen enrolled and to determine the total respondent to our research entitled Ethical survey through Social Networking and the workforce. It is computed as n = N / (1+Ne2). n=Sample size Ne=Marginal Error is 0.05 for a level confidence is 95% = 1348 freshmen for our respondents

Our objective is to present survey results of A, B, C School, Analyze Ethical, Social Issues raised by Social Networking, Examine Ethical Principles for conduct, Management Challenges, and lastly the Importance Corporate Policies for Ethical Conduct.

How many hours daily, if at all, do you spend using internet social networking sites such as Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, Youtube, Flickr, Friendster, email, etc. for nonschool related activities ?

The results of Ethical Survey for freshmen students for 2011 demonstrate the pervasiveness of social networking among teenagers. 32% of their time accessing social networking for non-school related activities for their lifestyle, communications with their friends and families abroad, peers, information regarding the day to day activities, and entertainment.

Some employers restrict access to social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter for personal use. To what extent would you consider the ability to access social networking sites, when you are deciding whether or not to accept a job offer?

Based on the survey accessing social networking by freshman students, about 471 respondents said they would somewhat likely considered their ability to access social networking at work when considering a job offer from potential employer and 294 respondents said they dont know, not sure considering their aptitude to access social networking sites. This comes many business establishment implementing policies regarding the limit access of social networking during workdays due to the reason of unethical usage of time theft, spreading rumors to co-employee, and leaking aptness information about an employer.

Please indicate your agreement or disagreement with the following statements: I feel fully prepared to make ethical business decisions when I joined the workforce.

909 respondents freshman students says they are strongly or somewhat agree to enter the workplace considering the fact that their ethical preparedness should be vary accordingly to their decision. However the rest of the survey says some of the freshmen student s disagree to enter the workforce because of the dilemma for unethical, for cheating in school, lying to their parents.

Do you ever use the internet to do any of the following?

The results of freshmen students ethical survey through social networking underscore the predominance of accessing social network 52% of population forecasted that they use cellphone, emails, searching for school related activities for their own purposes. Generally ethical use of these social networking sites, and those freshmen students are using and/or want to use them responsibly and not a maliciously doing.

Do you consider how the following people might react when you post comments, photos, or videos online?

Although their confidence in reliability of their online behavior, connotation of numbers of freshmen students do not consider the retort of specific groups of influencers in their lives when posting comments, contents online on social networking sites. Distinctively 74 respondents none of these reactions posting comments, 80 respondents do not consider potential reaction of the teachers and 87 respondents do not sure considering the reaction for posting comments online 902 considering the friends reactions of freshmen for posting comments/contents online.

How if at all, have you stood up for someone who was embarrassed, threatened, hurt, or harmed by someone else on the internet?

Freshmen students and some other teenagers do not post negative, embarrassing content about others, 352 respondents says they will stood up, talk in person for those who affected by such posting, whether by its own online posting or by other people contents, such as in person, 166 respondents says they never stood up for someone and did not react to the comments/content and 250 respondents they dont know/not sure for those who affected by such posting, whether by its own online offline posting or by other people contents/comments.

In what ways have you used social networking sites on the internet to help others?

Social networking has positive findings through UC freshmen ethical survey 649 respondents says that using social networking to encourage or support others to help the in needs of foods, clothing etc. Social needs for climate, earthquake through communication, and 185 respondents for others purposes of using social networking, and 230 respondents to create awareness for a cause. 145 respondents say that they have no intention to access social networking sites to help others even if it is online or offline. Demonstrating teenagers as a respondents are aware of social networking budding, galvanizing means of communication.

Question 2. Implication: Many of the students are not fully using the internet to its full advantage. Recommendation: We would also support educating employees about policies that will impact them. When these policies are in place, then they should be fully enforced in order for them to become a part of the culture and deter wrongdoings. Question 3. Implication: Freshmen still rely on their parents on value formation. Recommendation: Parents not only have a right but they actually have the moral obligation to be aware of what their children are doing on-line, and in particular what they are doing in their social websites. Question 4. Implication: 52% of the respondents answered they will not use the internet unethically; the other 48% is still significant.] Recommendations: 1. As HR Managers, we should be very keen in the selection process. 2. To come up with a psychological exam to screen those who have a tendency to be unethical. Question 5. Implication: Most of teenagers are likely to be with their friends in the internet than with their parents. Recommendations: 1. To utilize the employees circle of friends for the advantage of the common good. 2. For the HR to align and match the talents of their employees to their interest. Question 6. Implication: In relation to the question 5, it validates the findings of question 6 where the teens spent more times with their friends. Recommendation:

HR to align the talents of the prospect employees to their abilities. For someone who uses in person confrontation, the employee should be in desk customer relation position. Question 7. Implication: Social networking online is a new and wonderful form of personal communication that is here to stay, and that can serve the common good well. Recommendation: Parents, teachers and service providers who care for the safe and sound formation of younger generations need to teach them the best way to make the most of the phenomenon to ensure this new medium does not devalue such high traits of personhood like friendship, love and self-esteem.

The gather data suggested that there is an important need to raise the awareness of the ethical repercussion of social networking and to help instruct teenagers about how to aptly use of social networking site. This survey alerts parents, employers, and others to take the budding application and ethics of social networking seriously. To ensure high ethical employee behavior, every level of management and nonmanagement employees must fully understand the ethical implications of their decisions as it relates to their personal and professional values. Corporations need to implement a Business Code of Ethics and review with all employees.

What ethical principles can we use to analyze these situations? Golden Rule Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Immanuel Kants Categorical Imperative If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone Descartes' rule of change If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all Utilitarian Principle Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value Risk Aversion Principle Take the action that produces the least harm or least potential cost Ethical no free lunch rule Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone unless there is a specific declaration otherwise. Understanding Ethical and Social Issues Related to Systems Recent cases of failed ethical judgment in business e.g. Enron, The information systems was used to bury decisions from public scrutiny Management Challenges Establishing a Security Policy A security policy defines Organizations security requirements Controls and sanctions needed to meet the requirements Delineates responsibilities and expected behavior Outlines what needs to be done not how to do it Prevention Implement a layered security solution Make computer break-ins harder Firewall Limits network access Firewall Protection Antivirus software Scans for a specific sequence of bytes Known as the virus signature (e.g. Norton Antivirus) Departing employees - Promptly delete computer accounts, login Carefully define employee roles - Create roles and user accounts

IDs, and passwords

Back up critical applications and data regularly Perform a security audit Response Act quickly to contain an attack Eradication effort Collect and log all possible criminal evidence from the system Verify necessary backups are current and complete Create new backups Follow-up Determine how security was compromised Prevent it from happening again Professional Codes of Conduct To accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment; To avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist; To be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data; Business Code of Ethics This Code of Business Conduct covers a wide range of business practices and procedures. It does not cover every issue that may arise, but it sets out basic principles to guide all employees and officers of the Company. Areas of Concern COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, RULES AND REGULATIONS CONFLICTS OF INTEREST INSIDER TRADING RECORD-KEEPING, FINANCIAL CONTROLS AND DISCLOSURES PROTECTION AND PROPER USE OF COMPANY ASSETS Review Determine exactly what happened Evaluate how the organization responded Capture the perpetrator Consider the potential for negative publicity Legal precedent Hold organizations accountable for their own IT security weaknesses

Social Networking Sites Carry Ethics Traps and Reminders

By Tiffany M. Williams, Litigation News Associate Editor August 27, 2009 Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and MySpace are among the top social media websites that have transformed electronic communications and social interactions culturally. Inevitably, these communication techniques have also affected litigation practice and are brimming with ethical traps. A recent advisory ethics opinion in Pennsylvania is a reminder to litigators that rules of professional responsibility apply when accessing social networks. The opinion concludes that using a third party to contact a witness through a friend request on Facebook and using the information found in a Facebook profile in litigation is deceptive and in violation of Pennsylvania Rule of Professional Conduct 8.4. The communication omits a highly material fact . . . [and] would purposely conceal that fact from the witness for the purpose of inducing the witness to allow access, when she [might] not do so if she knew the third person was associated with the inquirer and the true purpose of the access was to obtain information for the purpose of impeaching her testimony, the opinion reasons. The Pennsylvania ethics committee further opines that the deceptive conduct would also constitute the making of a false statement of material fact to a witness, in violation of its Rule 4.1. While the opinion acknowledges that information in Facebook profiles is discoverable, the committee drew a distinction where elusive conduct was employed to access a Facebook page through deception, drawing an analogy to a videographer obtaining entry into a home by misrepresenting himself as a utility worker and installing a hidden camera. Lessons Learned from PA The Pennsylvania opinion reminds attorneys that although social networking may be prolific, attorney ethical obligations remain fundamental to avoiding deceit and/or misrepresentation. Despite the technology, the basic iterations remain the sameattorneys should avoid using third parties to access private space on the web for use in litigation that they have either not been granted permission to access themselves or is not generally available to the public. More and more litigators are routinely using the Internet as a discovery tool and are not opposed to using social networking sites. Social media has become a powerful tool, but lawyers need to be aware of the ethical pitfalls that can arise by communicating in this manner and that user rules can transcend the casual, personal use that young lawyers are often used to, says Elizabeth Acee, New Haven, CT, immediate past chair of the ABA Young Lawyers Division and current member of the ABA Section of Litigation Young Lawyers Leadership program. Young lawyers should be responsible with utilizing social networking and the worldwide web as litigation tools. Drawing the line starts with knowing your objective and coupling that with basic forthrightness, reminds Keathan B. Frink, Fort Lauderdale, FL, cochair of the Sections Solo & Small Firm Practice Committee.

Although deception should not be used to obtain witness or party information, information on the world wide web intuitively should not enjoy the same privacy protection as information maintained in someones private home, Frink cautions. In practice, experienced and young attorneys all seemed to draw the line at using third parties as a deceptive or covert method of gaining access to party or witness information without disclosure of the third partys association with the attorney. Lawyers must maintain the highest ethical standards in engaging third parties to act on their behalf, particularly in dealing with social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace, advises Michele D. Hangley, Philadelphia, cochair of the Section of Litigations Ethics and Professionalism Committee. I think the applicable ethical rules are pretty cut and dry; you shouldnt be deceptive or misrepresent your motives as an attorney to gain access to information to use in the context of litigation, says Hangley. Ethical traps in this area are not just limited to attorneys. The bar and bench alike should be aware. Recently, a judge in North Carolina was reprimanded [PDF] for friending counsel on Facebook and discussing an active litigation matter. See North Carolina Judicial Standards Committee, Inquiry No. 08-234 (April 1, 2009). Tips for the Technology Savvy Some basic reminders to guide an attorneys use of social networking sites for litigation include: Avoid using third parties to contact counsel, parties, or witnesses without expressly disclosing that the communication is on behalf of the attorney, law firm, or client. Never use deception or misrepresentation in communicationsincluding use of aliases and screen names that do not clearly identify you. Always identify yourself and the purpose of your communications. Understand and follow user rules associated with sites. Check with your state and local ethics boards for recent decisions to stay updated. Perhaps the savviest advice comes from Damien Thomas, Miami, member of the Sections Young Lawyer Leadership Program. My motto in using online technology is If it feels wrong, dont do it! Keywords: Social networking, ethics Source: http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/litigationnews/top_stories/socialnetworking-ethics.html

Is It Ethical for Employers to Use Social Networking Sites to Check out Potential Employees
The social media has transformed the interaction between people, be it friends, family, workmates or even just acquaintances. The information available through the social media makes it easy to know a person before and without actually meeting them. Of all the websites dedicated to social media, Facebook perhaps has the most fame and members. It i9s actually estimated that of 10 people 8 are Facebook members. This is perhaps the leading reason why many people look for past friends, classmates or even new acquaintances on Facebook. The trend has picked up even with potential employers, who check on new employees or applicants on Facebook. Many employers have admitted to checking out future employees and applicants on Facebook. Due to this infringement on private information that many proper are not willing to share with potential employers. While on one hand it is agreeable that employers have every right to find out all they can with regard with people they are considering for employment, it is also a fact that some of the information found on Facebook can be misleading or misinterpreted to make a candidate seem unworthy. The ethics of using Facebook as a means of check king future employees have often been questioned by the candidates themselves and the unions representing workers. There are people who have actually gone as far as blocking their profiles and information from potential employers, while others have created profiles that are more acceptable to future employers. The use of Facebook by employers is a most controversial issue. For employers, Facebook gives a preview into the character and potential of future employees. Previously, access to such information was a difficult task and almost impossible. For this reason, many employers found that at times they hired people who were not right for their business and companies. Future employees can easily misrepresent themselves to the employers presenting themselves as much more acceptable and worthy of the job than they actually are. For this reason, Facebook has made things much easier for the employers. By taking a look at a future employees information on the profiles and other features of Facebook, they can be sure that whoever they hire will fit into their organization and company better. For example there are some organizations including churches, religious organization and political organization who require future employees to have specific religious and political views or belong to certain doctrines and philosophies. Instead of having to take chances that the person they hire has actually developed the same vies as the company, the employers can check the information on Facebook and therefore pick only the candidates whose profiles and posted information indicates they have the same religious or political views as the organization. In addition, employers can have access to comments by the candidates friends and families with regard to the information they have posted on their Facebook profiles to guarantee that the same information is not misrepresented. Employers can easily judge the inherent value,

character and personality of the future employees and candidates for jobs in their companies. Facebook has lowered labor turn over in companies. Previously companies relied on information provided by the candidates for employment and the impressions received during the interview process. However, it is common to note that such information and impression though implied can often be misrepresented. It is easy for candidates to hide information, data and characteristics that would otherwise be considered as deal breakers for the future employers. These include political views, and certain characteristics that may not be acceptable to the company. When individuals who are not compatible with the requirements, rules and regulations of the company are employed, there is a high labor turn over. Such high turnover often proves to be quite costly to the employers, who once again have to spend money in the recruitment process. Recruiting, hiring and training of new employees are a costly process which many companies like to avoid. In addition, high turnover often gives a bad impression to future clients and customers of the company. Normally to check on future candidates would necessitate hours of extra work trying to access information and check referees, or hiring detectives to do the work for employers. While this is profitable to detective and search agencies, the process is very costly and unjustifiable to companies especially the small companies and employers. Facebook has made things easy for companies and employers looking to find information on potential employees without spending much. All they have to do is access the internet and gain access to the candidates information. However, it is important to note that many people consider access to future employee information via Facebook a violation of privacy. The information posted on Facebook is very personal. Whereas employers consider it important to sometimes know the religious, political and personal characteristics of future employees, much of this information is considered private. The personal information shared on Facebook is meant for increased social network and most of the time bears negatively to professional outlooks. The information is meant for friends and acquaintances and could be misinterpreted by future employers. The easy access to information is also an open avenue towards legal liabilities. Often companies have found themselves facing liabilities when it comes to accessing employee information and future candidates information via social networks such as Facebook. Given the volatility of the path taken on accessing information on Facebook, it is probably a wiser decision for employers to avoid such tactics. The law has taken a serious and dedicated stand towards protecting the privacy of individuals in this new age of the internet. Many people have found themselves in trouble for accessing private information without permission from the owners of the information. Whereas accessing information can be easy for companies and employers the effects can be detrimental. The civil suits for violating or flirting with privacy issues are many and the judgments of decisions made with each one vary enormously. This is why many legal experts see Facebook checkups as a minefield for employers. Facebook is an entire information package that is quite cheap and easy to access. However, the information found on the internet can not only be misleading but also untruthful. Almost 90% of the internet users admit to changing information in their profiles to become more suitable to outside employers and friends. In addition, Facebook has recently put in measures where people can protect the information

they have posted on their profiles. Gaining access to such information is therefore becoming more and more difficult for companies and employers. There are also some internet users who have admitted to making phony profiles that can be accessed by the employers but which contain a majority of false information. Employers therefore access what they may interpret to be truthful or somewhat truthful information; however, they come to realize quite late that the information is quite false. Facebook has its many benefits for employers, mainly by being a free flow information channel. However, for employers who check on potential employees via this social network there is need to be more careful. The information cannot be relied upon to make potential judgment with regard to potential employees. The benefits of accessing such information need to be weighed carefully against the detriments such as legal and civil battles in addition to false information. The chances of getting fully truthful information on the internet are quite low and although the information employers get on the Facebook profiles could be helpful in picking potential candidates it cannot be used to judge the character and potential of employees in the entirety Source: http://adrienne2.hubpages.com/hub/Is-It-Ethical-For-Employers-To-UseSocial-Networking-Sites-To-Check-Out-Potential-Employees

Ethics of Social Networking

Social networking is an excellent concept that basically focuses on serving the needs and interest of the masses in the virtual world. It builds a massive online community for the people to interact with their friends, family, relatives and even strangers so as to share their interests and activities. This blooming industry also offers its users with the opportunity to exchange media files and programs with the world. Its imperative services not only helps you to get connected with people, but also extend you with the opportunity to assist and cater the needs of your business. However, along with the benefits offered by this splendid service, there are certain elements of risks attached to the standardization of this social networking. This is due to the fact that online privacy is becoming a thing to worry about. These privacy issues have raised some questions about the ethical and social concerns relating to social networking. While you talk about social networking and its ethics, it becomes hard to ignore the following perspectives 1. Rights Perspective Social networking is a medium to get connected with the world and at many times it becomes difficult to estimate the amount of privacy required. Regardless of the fact that no one conceives his presence on a social network as his personal space, majority of people find their prospective employees by perusing their profiles. At such times it becomes hard for the users to exercise complete control over the images and personal information made available online. 2. Utilitarian Perspective The social networking technology that allows you to get connected with others and sometimes form meaningful relationships also includes some of the illegal and unethical activities like hacking and posting of threatening online messages that highlight possible harms of this service. For this reason, the social networks are now considered as a way of cyber-bullying and online-predation to attack the interest of a utilitarian. Thus, it becomes difficult to maintain a balance between the two as any limitations on one, restricts you to access the other. 3. Fairness Perspective There is a common belief that social networking websites are very useful in maintaining egalitarianism. You can never find out the gender, race, age and other

personality traits of a person while interacting with them online. This disembodied feature of social networking groups offers fairness and allows everybody to cater their needs without any restrictions or limitations. 4. Common Good Perspective Social networking can help you improve your social life and expand your social groups. A large number of people access social networking applications to get connected with people and share their media files and interests, while there are some people who might have different perspectives behind joining these sites. In this case it becomes difficult to find out the common good in this context, since there are no online social communities formed for betterment of the society and promoting common good of the users. This calls you to develop a new and improved privacy concept which can help you prioritize nuanced control over your personal and confidential information. Source: http://edu.udym.com/ethics-of-social-networking/

http://www.ehow.com/way_5475547_slovins-formula-sampling-techniques.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_slovin%27s_formula http://www.ja.org/about/releases/about_newsitem551.asp www.deloitte.com www.pdfdocspace.com/docs/67090/2009-teen-ethics-survey.html