1. Explain about any five input and output devices of a computer.

(05 marks)
Ans. nput Devices- keyboard- t is a text base input device, Mouse- This is a small device, we can used to select menu,
text and photos etc, This has two buttons, Scanner- This device used for direct data entry from the document into the
computer. Bar codes reader- This device used input data from bar codes. t is used in shops.
Output Devices Monitor- Display information on the moniter. Printer- Printers are used to print documents, Speaker- We
can listen our favorite sons through speaker.
2. Explain with an example how a decimal number is converted to binary numbers? (05 marks)
Ans. To manually convert from a decimal to a binary number, start with the decimal number and begin dividing by the
binary number base (base "two"). For each step the division results in a remainder of 1, use '1' in that position of the
binary number. When the division results in a remainder of 0 instead, use '0' in that position. Stop when the division
results in a value of 0. The resulting binary numbers are ordered from right to left.
For example, the decimal number converts to binary as Iollows:
109 / 2 54 remainder
54 / 2 27 remainder
27 / 2 13 remainder
13 / 2 6 remainder
6 / 2 3 remainder
3 / 2 1 remainder
1 / 2 0 remainder
ThereIore the decimal number 109 equals the binary number
. Draw a neat diagram of the organization of computer and explain about each unit.(10 marks)
38

Organization of a Computer

A computer is a fast and accurate device, which can accept data, store data, processthem and give, desired
results as output. The computer is organized into four units as shown in the following diagram.
!&

nput Unit:

Any device designed to assist in the entry of data into a computer is known as input device. nput devices
convert data from any convenient external format into binary codes that a computer can store and manipulate
internally. Some of the most common, most popularly used devices are following.
a) Mouse
b) Light Pen
c) Touch Screen
d) Keyboard
e) Scanner
f) OCR and MCR
g) Bar Code Reader
h) Joy Stick etc.



ain
Control Unit
ALU
Secondary
Memory
Output Unit

Input Unit
Output Unit:

Any peripheral device that converts the stored binary coded data into convenient external forms as test and
pictures are known as Output device. Some of the most popularly used Output devices are following:
a) Visual Display Unit (Monitor)
b) Printer : Dot Matrix and mpact/Non mpact, Printer, Daisy wheel Printer, Line Printers, nk-jet, Laser Printer
c) Plotters etc.

Central Processing Unit:

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer combined
in the sys
with the processing system of a computer. The CPU carries out actions with
information
help of Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU). This is done following a detailed set of
arithmetic instructions written in the main memory. t also uses the main memory for
the memory
temporary storage of information. Through the channels of information
specified t
"Bus, the CPU instructs various parts called device controllers to transfer
data between secondary memory and the main memory. The CPU accepts
the data from the nput unit processes it and gives the result/output to the output device. The data/result can be
stored for the use by storing it in the secondary memory. The total operations of the computer is synchronized
and controlled by the CPU.
The processing capacity of a computer is measured in terms the amount of data processed by the CPU in one
operation. The CPU has three important sub units.
1) Arithmetic-Logic unit
2) Control Unit
) Memory Unit
Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU is an electronic circuit used to carry
out the arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division. This unit carries out logical operations like greater than, less than,
be equal to etc. t performs the operation on the data provided by the input devices. A comparison operation
allows a program to make decisions based
he on its data input and results of the previous calculations.
Logical operations can be used to determine whether particular statement is re TRUE or FALSE.
The ALU operates on the data available in the main memory and sends them back after processing again to
main memory.
Control Unit: The control unit coordinates the activities of all the other units ed in the system. ts main functions
are to control the transfer of data and
information between various units and to initiate appropriate actions by the
arithmetic-logic unit. Conceptually, the control unit fetches instructions from the memory, decodes them, and
directs them to various units to perform the
on specified tasks.

Memory Unit: The main memory is also called primary memory, is used to store data temporarily. Although, the
CPU is the brain behind all the operations in the computer, it needs to be supplied with the data to be
processed and the instructions to tell it what to do. Once the CPU has carried out an instruction, it needs the
result to be stored. This storage space is provided by the computer's memory. Data provided by the input
device, and the result of that processed data is also stored in the memory nit. This main memory is like a
scratch pad. The storage capacity of the memory is generally measured in megabytes.
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes= 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1 024 Kilobytes= 1 Megabyte (MB)
1024 Megabytes= 1 Gigabyte (GB)
Different kinds of primary memory are Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). You
can read and write data in RAM but the data is volatile or temporary that is whenever the power is switched off
the contents of RAM is lost so its is required to store the data in the secondary memory if the data is required
for the future use. But you can only read the data from ROM and you can not write any thing into it and the data
is permanent. The manufacturer himself has written the data in it initially.

Secondary Memory:

This is the permanent memory. The data stored in it is permanent. But you can delete the data if you want.
There are different kinds of secondary storage devices available. Few of them are Floppy disks, Fixed (hard)
disks and Optical disks etc.
a) Floppy Disk
b) Fixed or Hard Disk
c) Optical Disk like: CD (Compact Disk) DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
d) Magnetic Tape Drive
4. Explain how mail merge is useful and efficient. (10 marks)
ANS. Va|| rerge used lor serd|rg lre sare dala lo lre |ols ol rec|p|erl W|lr pr|rl r|s/rer rare, address elc elc..

3ore l|re We reed lo pr|rl |ols ol |ellers W|lr lre sare corlerl oul lre d|ll rec|p|erl rares, lral l|re We use ra|| rerge.
nstructions

Open a blank document in Microsoft Word. Click "Start Mail Merge" under the Tools menu (found on the "Mailings"
toolbar in Word 2007).

Choose the type of mail merge that you want to perform. You can merge letters, envelopes, labels and even email
messages using Word.

Select the recipients that you would like to include in your mail merge. f you do not already have a list of recipients
ready in a Word file (listed in database form), you have the option of creating a new list. The mail merge wizard will
give you a selection of fields that you can add to your list. Choose the fields that will identify and personalize each
recipient for your needs. You can also add your own special field names. This could include name, address, phone
number, or even less common identifiers like website address or favorite ice cream flavor. Think about how your
letter or message to this recipient will be crafted when choosing fields.

Create your main document. The main document is the common letter, envelope, label or email message design into
which the information from the mail merge recipient list will be dumped. So, for example, for a standard letter you
would write your note in the main document and then have an address box at the top where the recipient information
will be dumped in.

Add merge fields into your document. First, position your cursor in the main document where you want to add the
merge field. Then click "nsert Merge Field"---this command should be shown on your toolbar or under "Tools> Mail
Merge." You will see a list of all the fields that you created in your recipient list. For example, put the <FirstName>
field after "Dear" in the beginning of your letter, or insert <FavoriteceCream> somewhere in the middle of your letter
where you mentioned the person's ice cream preferences.

Perform the mail merge. Select "Finish and Merge" on your Word toolbar. You are given the option to merge into a new
editable file that will list every recipient's individual document, merge directly to a printer or merge to an email using
Microsoft Outlook.
5. What are the different types of Operating System? Explain in brief. (10 marks)
ANS.
An (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a computer system that is responsible for the
management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer. The operating system acts
as a host for applications that are run on the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is to handle
the details of the operation of the hardware. This relieves application programs from having to manage these details and
makes it easier to write applications. Almost all computers, including handheld computers, desktop computers,
supercomputers, and even video game consoles, use an operating system of some type. Some of the oldest models may
however use an embedded operating system, that may be contained on a compact disk or other data storage device.

Operating systems offer a number of services to application programs and users. Applications access these services
through application programming interfaces (APs) or system calls. By invoking these interfaces, the application can
request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. Users may also
interact with the operating system with some kind a software user interface (U) like typing commands by using command
line interface (CL) or using a graphical user interface (GU, commonly pronounced "gooey). For hand-held and desktop
computers, the user interface is generally considered part of the operating system. On large multi-user systems like Unix
and Unix-like systems, the user interface is generally implemented as an application program that runs outside the
operating system. (Whether the user interface should be included as part of the operating system is a point of contention.)

Common contemporary operating systems include Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Solaris. Microsoft Windows
has a significant majority of market share in the desktop and notebook computer markets, while servers generally run on
Linux or other Unix-like systems. Embedded device markets are split amongst several operating systems.[1] [2]
Contents


1. What are the different options for selection in MS-Excel? Explain about its usage briefly. (05 marks)
2. Explain any five common Excel functions with an example. (05 marks)
ANS. Excel has a number oI Count Functions that will total the number oI cells in a selected range. The reason that there is more than
one COUNT Iunction is that each one does a slightly diIIerent job.
cel 2 COUNT Function
Ted French
The COUNT Iunction's job is to only add up the cells in a selected range that contain numbers. t ignores empty cells or those contain
text. I a number is later added to an empty cell the Iunction will be automatically updated to include this new data.
Excel AVERAGE Function
Excel`s AVERAGE Iunction is one oI the Statistical Functions that are included with the program. The AVERAGE Iunction can be
used to Iind the average, or arithmetic mean, oI values in a selected range oI cells.

Excel AX Function
The ax Iunction, one oI Excel`s statistical Iunctions, is used to Iind the largest or maximum value in a given list oI numbers. This
article includes an example to walk you through using this Iunction.
Excel N Function
The N Iunction, one oI Excel`s statistical Iunctions, is used to Iind the smallest or minimum value in a given list oI numbers. This
article includes an example to walk you through using the N Iunction.

Excel 2003 ROUND Function

Rounding numbers and rounding decimals is easy to accomplish in Excel. The ROUND Iunction is one oI the math Iunctions
available in icrosoIt Excel 97 to Excel 2007. This article includes an example to walk you through using the ROUND Iunction.

. What is Power Point Presentation? Why they are used? (05 marks)
!pt is oIten used as a short Iorm Ior the program icrosoIt PowerPoint. Users oI the program sometimes write that
they are creating a PPT presentation rather than write out the word !4er!4nt in Iull.
!5t is also the Iile extension used Ior the program PowerPoint. The .55t at the end oI the Iilename, such as
in mypresentation.ppt indicates to your computer that this Iile was created using PowerPoint.
amples:
ary emailed to her colleague that she had just created a PPT presentation Ior the next sales meeting, instead oI using
the Iull name oI the program ... PowerPoint.

4. What do you mean by graphics? What are the different graphics applications?

(10 marks)
5. Write the advantages and disadvantages oI internet. (05 marks)
Ans.
1) nformation on almost every subject imaginable.
2) Powerful search engines
) Ability to do research from your home versus research libraries.
4) nformation at various levels of study. Everything from scholarly articles to ones directed at children.
5) Message boards where people can discuss ideas on any topic. Ability to get wide range of opinions. People can find
others that have a similar interest in whatever they are interested in.
6) The internet provides the ability of emails. Free mail service to anyone in the country.
7) Platform for products like SKYPE, which allow for holding a video conference with anyone in the world who also has
access.
8) Friendships and love connections have been made over the internet by people involved in love/passion over similar
interests.
9) Things such as Yahoo Answers and other sites where kids can have readily available help for homework.
10) News, of all kinds is available almost instantaneously. Commentary, on that news, from every conceivable viewpoint is
also available.


Disadvantages:

1) There is a lot of wrong information on the internet. Anyone can post anything, and much of it is garbage.
2) There are predators that hang out on the internet waiting to get unsuspecting people in dangerous situations.
) Some people are getting addicted to the internet and thus causing problems with their interactions of friends and loved
ones.
4) Pornography that can get in the hands of young children too easily.
5) Easy to waste a lot of time on the internet. You can start surfing, and then realize far more time has passed than you
realized. nternet and television together of added to the more sedentary lifestyles of people which further exacerbates the
obesity problem.
6) nternet has a lot of "cheater" sites. People can buy essays and pass them off as their own far more easily than they
used to be able to do.
7) There are a lot of unscrupulous businesses that have sprung up on the internet to take advantage of people.
8) Hackers can create viruses that can get into your personal computer and ruin valuable data.
9) Hackers can use the internet for identity theft.
10) t can be quite depressing to be on the internet and realize just how uneducated so many people have become in
today's society.