Seminar On Safety

Technical Committee C.
4 Road Tunnel Operation Working Group 2: Road Tunnel Safety
Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Current Practice

Bernhard Kohl, MSc ILF Consulting Engineers Head of ILF branch office Linz / Austria Leader of PIARC TC4.2 Road Tunnel S f t R dT l Safety Contact: bernhard kohl@ilf com bernhard.kohl@ilf.com +43 / 699 / 14 530 158
23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires
Technical Committee C.4 Road Tunnel Operation Working Group 2: Road Tunnel Safety

Contents f Presentation C t t of P t ti
Introduction Principles Risk based Approach pp Conclusions
Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Introduction

Status Q St t Quo of Road Tunnel Safety fR dT lS f t
(23rd World Road Congress, Paris 2007)
dynamic d d i development of methods and t l l t f th d d tools experience, research results and public opinion in many countries lead to adjustments of regulations and safety standards there is consensus as regards the necessity of taking an integrated approach approach, but significant differences as regards the methods and assessment concepts the th EU Directive on Road Tunnel Safety is the first standard at Di ti R dT l S f t i th fi t t d d t international level

PIARC A ti iti Activities: Several TC 4 working groups address various subjects in their current work New PIARC reports available in PIARC Virtual Library http://www.piarc.org/en/technical-reports Integrated Approach for Road Tunnel Safety Risk Analysis for Road Tunnels Tools for Tunnel Sa e y Management oo s o u e Safety a age e Operational Strategies for Emergency Ventilation Human Factors and Road Tunnel Safety Regarding Users

PIARC A ti iti Activities: Reports in preparation to be presented at the World Road Congress 2011 in Mexico Current Practice for Risk Evaluation for Road Tunnels Improving Safety in Existing Tunnels Good Practice for Road Tunnel Emergency Exercises Design Fires in Road Tunnels Fixed Fire Fighting System

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

Basic P i i l I t B i Principle: Integrated Approach t dA h take the whole system into account

Different approaches to road tunnel safety Diff t h t dt l f t Prescriptive based approach
a tunnel is safe if it is designed in line with valid regulations Specifies particular safety features, actions etc. to be included in the design of tunnels, in processes etc. without considering the individual characteristics of the tunnel.
Risk based approach

a tunnel is safe if it meets predefined risk criteria allows a structured, harmonized and transparent assessment of risks for an individual tunnel and the comparison of different safety measures coming up with the best additional measures in t i terms of risk reduction and / or cost effectiveness. f i k d ti d t ff ti

Prescriptive based approach P i ti b d h Traditional approach to tunnel safety: pp y regulations in tunnel design guidelines Examples of t E l f tunnel d i guidelines addressing safety aspects: l design id li dd i f t t ( ) German standard RABT (2006) US standard NFPA 502 (2008) Austrian standards RVS (09.01.24, 09.02.22/31/41/51, 09.03.11/12) (09 01 24 09 02 22/31/41/51 09 03 11/12) French guideline: Technical Instructions for Safety Dispositions in New Road Tunnels
9

Risk based appraoch Ri k b d h
What is the purpose of a risk based approach?
to check general consistency of safety planning to choose between alternatives to demonstrate safety in case of deviations from prescriptions to optimize safety planning in terms of cost-effectiveness a performance based approach for the assessment of safety standards
10

Different approaches to road tunnel safety Diff t h t dt l f t
Prescriptive b P i ti based approach and risk b d h d i k based approach h d h have t b to be used as complementary elements of the safety assessment process.
11

Elements of tunnel safety management El t ft l f t t Safety organisation: definition of responsibilities for tunnel commissioning and tunnel operation (tunnel operator authorities independent entities) Safety inspections Feedback of experience (safety exercises, systematic documentation and evaluation of relevant incidents and accidents) Safety documentation
12

Tunnel safety documentation T l f t d t ti Includes all safety relevant information of the tunnel Living document Must be updated continously
Design stage Commissioning stage Operation stage
13
Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principle

Contents f f t d C t t of safety documentation t ti Description of tunnel infrastructure and access to tunnel Description of traffic situations, transport of dangerous goods Information about tunnel operation p g , y Specific hazard investigation, risk analysis Organsiation, ressources for operation and maintenance, system of feedback f f db k of experience i Emergency response plan Evaluation of significant incidents and accidents Evaluation of safety exercises
14

15
Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach
What is Risk Analysis?
A big family of different approaches, methods and complex models combining various methododical components for d l bi i i th d di l t f specific tasks systematic analysis of sequences and intery y q action effects in potential accidents thereby identifying weak points in the system and recognising possible improvement measures risk analysis makes the quantification of risks feasible
23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires 16

Risk Assessment Process
17

Quantitative System based Approach: investigates an overall system in an integrated process, obtaining risk values for the whole system
Input: Influencing factors
Tunnel length Traffic volume Portion of ... heavy vehicles
Modelling of Consequences
Results
Logical tree
initial event accident scenarios
Abbildung einfgen
Expected risk value (fatalities/year)
R
RISK
Risk di t ib ti Ri k distribution (F-N-Curve)
18

Qualitative or semiquantitative Scenario based Approach: analyses a set of relevant scenarios obtaining information on frequency/consequences for each individual scenario
Select relevant scenarios scenario 1 Analyse development of scenarios Investigate effects and consequences of scenarios optimize design
scenario 2
scenario 3
eg. evacuation
19

Different types of risk can be addressed in a risk analysis: Societal risk: harm to a specific group of people Individual risk: harm to an individual person Economical loss Damage to environment Damage to immaterial values
Focus on societal risk of tunnel users
20

Societal risk risk indicators: Expected risk value (EV) long-term average number of statistically expected fatalities y p per year
1,00E+00 1,00E01
Frequency /p peryear
FN di diagram shows magnitude of consequences in relationship to the (cumulated) frequency of a hazard
1,00E02 1,00E03 1,00E04 1,00E05 1,00E06 1,00E07 1,00E08 1,00E09 1,00E10 1,00E11
1 10 100 1.000 10.000
Damage[fatalities]
21

Background to risk evaluation: Risk analysis scientific process of identification, structuring, quantification of probabilities / consequences of risk Risk evaluation socio-political process including ethical, political and societal factors
Risk evaluation is strongly influenced by risk perception
22

Example for a quantitative system based approach: Frequency analysis
Logical tree
23

Frequency Analysis event tree approach Initial event accident scenarios
Example for resulting scenario: front-end collision, involving collision HGV, fire (as consequence of accident)
accident rates
relative share of accident types yp
24

Example for a quantitative system based approach: Frequency analysis
Logical tree
Abbildung einfgen
Consequence analysis
25

Consequence Analysis Mechanical damage of accidents: Data b D t base: accident statistics; tunnel specific influences are difficult to estimate because representative tunnel specific accident statistics are often not available
Abbildung einfgen
26
Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based approach
Seite 27

Consequence Analysis Mechanical damage of accidents: Data b D t base: accident statistics; tunnel specific influences; difficult to estimate because representative tunnel specific accident statistics are often not available Consequences of tunnel fires: Many influencing parameters; statistics insufficient; estimation of consequences requires complex modelling
Abbildung einfgen
28
Seite 29

Modelling of consequence of tunnel fires in time steps
Relevant parameters: Fire development Smoke propagation, influenced by tunnel ventilation ( p p g , y (initial air flow in tunnel, detection time, response time of ventilation system) Self rescue of people effected by fire & smoke (information (information, reaction time, human behaviour, vehicle constellation in tunnel, distribution of people) Estimation of consequences

1st step: Modelling of smoke propagation
Typical smoke distribution for tunnel with longitudinal ventilation
31

2nd step: Modelling of self rescue of people
bidirectional tunnel with longitudinal ventilation Situation after fire break out people start to evacuate
Situation after several minutes: people reach emergency exits
people in safe area


PIARC WG2: Report Risk Analysis for Road Tunnels Risk Tunnels provides a description of basic principles and characteristic methodologies of the risk assessment process presents 6 practical methods and gives recommendations for the use of risk analysis
Contents of Report: Basic Principles and Practical Application Methodologies for Risk Analysis and Risk Assessment State of the Art of Risk Analysis in different countries Presentation of 6 Practical Methods Conclusions
33

PIARC WG2: Report Risk Analysis for Road Tunnels Risk Tunnels demonstrates the practical application of different risk analysis methodologies by showing examples in the form of 7 case studies
PIARC Report Appendix 3: Case Studies Austrian Tunnel Risk Model TuRisMo France Specific Hazard Investigation p g Dutch Scenario Analysis for Road Tunnels Dutch TUNPRIM Model Italian Risk Analysis for Road Tunnels United Kingdom Case Study OECD/PIARC DG QRA Model
34

35
Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Conclusions

Results of PIARC W k R lt f PIARCs Work Recommendations for the Practical Use of Risk Analysis Select the best method available for a specific problem Be aware, that you are using a model, which is a (major) simplification of real conditions Use specific data for quantitative methods Risk models inevitably deliver fuzzy results y y Relative comparison may improve the robustness of conclusions drawn
Risk analysis should only be performed by experts with sufficient experience and understanding of the methods they use
36

Seminar On Safety

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Seminar On Safety

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Technical Committee C.

4 Road Tunnel Operation Working Group 2: Road Tunnel Safety

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Current Practice

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Current Practice

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Introduction

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Introduction

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Introduction

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Current Practice

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

Risk based approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principles

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Principle

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Current Practice

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

What is Risk Analysis?

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

Expected risk value (fatalities/year)

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

FN di diagram shows magnitude of consequences in relationship to the (cumulated) frequency of a hazard

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

Risk evaluation is strongly influenced by risk perception

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

relative share of accident types yp

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based Approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based approach

23-26/03/2010, Seminar Buenos Aires

Approaches to Road Tunnel Safety Risk based approach