Vegas Global Cities

The Brookings Institution
Metropolitan Policy Program

Audrey Singer, Immigration Fellow
Las Vegas: Global Suburb?:

Migration to and from an Emerging Immigrant Gateway
Global Immigrant Gateways Workshop

George Washington University
January 12-13, 2006
BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
METROPOLITAN POLICY PROGRAM
It is important that we have a project on
the West Coast, and where better than
Las Vegas which is a destination, and
Southern California where people can see
it and ride it. It is expensive, but we can’t
continue the growth in the western part of
the United States and still rely on just
roads and air.
--Rep. Don Young (R-Alaska), in support of a

magnetic levitation train between Anaheim
and Las Vegas
Look, I've had guys from a little farm in
Puebla [Mexico] who were some of the
best chefs I've ever seen. Phenomenal.
Anything you taught them they could
learn, and do.
Stephen Kalt, Executive Chef,

Corsa Cucina,Wynn Las Vegas
Why has Las Vegas grown so quickly?
Las Vegas has become more like the rest of

America just as the rest of America has become
more like Las Vegas
Neon, entertainment, gambling, sex! All bigger

part of popular culture, normative American
experience
Las Vegas has become more like the rest of

America: suburban growth, inner city decline,
traffic congestion, sprawl, …and more Spanish
speakers
Why has Las Vegas grown so quickly?
The Last Detroit: the most unionized city in the

US and the service economy
It’s not California: recession in the early 1990s

led to mass exodus out of California
Las Vegas has a diversified economy: major

transportation, inexpensive storage space, low
operation costs
Low cost of living, new housing, endless desert

space
Las Vegas in Context
Great Salt Lake
Salt Lake City

§¨¦
I8
0
Reno
UTAH
Carson City
L ake Tahoe
Sacramento ¦¨§
I70
Stockton NEVADA
San Francisco
San Jose Lake Powell
Fresno
North Las Vegas §¨¦
I15
Lake Mead
Las Vegas
CALIFORNIA
¦¨§ I5
Henderson Hoover Dam ARIZONA

Bakersfield
Oxnard
¦¨§
I40
§
¨¦I17
Riverside
Los Angeles Phoenix
Salto n S ea
¦¨§ I1 0
San Diego
¦¨§
I8
Tucson
§
¨¦ I19 BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
Population Change in Las Vegas, 1960-2000
Total Population, Metropolitan Las Vegas, 1960-2000
1800000
1600000
1,563,282
1400000
1200000
1000000
852,737
800000
528,000
600000
400000 304,744
200000
139,126
119% 76% 62% 83%
0
Total population
1980 1990 2000
1960 1970
Source: Census METROPOLITAN POLICY PROGRAM
Migration In and Out of Las Vegas
Gross and net migration, Las Vegas
In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
92
94
90
96
98
02
04
00
-
-
89
91
93
95
97
99
01
03
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
Source: IRS METROPOLITAN POLICY PROGRAM
Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Los Angeles
In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
19 -90
19 -91
19 -92
19 -93
19 -94
19 -95
19 -96
19 -97
19 -98
19 -99
20 -00
20 -01
20 -02
20 -03
4
-0
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
96
19
Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Riverside-San Bernardino
6000 In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
90
92
94
96
98
00
02
04
-
-
89
91
93
95
97
99
01
03
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Phoenix
4500 In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
-500
0
4
-9
-9
-9
-9
-9
-0
-0
-0
91
93
89
95
97
99
01
03
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
Los Angeles Metropolitan area dominates inflow
Sources of Gross In-migration to Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, Selected Years
1990 1994 2000 2004

Metropolitan Area
# % # % # % # %
Los Angeles* 9,762 14.5 15,251 19.8 12,695 14.9 15,566 16.0
Riverside-San
Bernardino 2,286 3.4 4,632 6.0 4,251 4.9 4,451 4.6
Chicago 1,519 2.3 2,246 2.9 3,140 3.7 3,201 3.3
New York 993 1.5 2,223 2.9 2,537 3.0 3,182 3.2
San Diego 1,841 2.7 2,697 3.5 2,512 2.9 3,968 4.1
Phoenix 4,213 6.3 2,190 2.8 2,387 2.8 2,281 2.3
Reno 1,415 2.1 1,310 1.7 1,218 1.4 1,288 1.3
Total In-migration 67,222 77,171 85,300 97,147
*includes Orange County
Source: Internal Revenue Service METROPOLITAN POLICY PROGRAM
Increase in the Foreign-Born, Las Vegas, 1980-2000
300,000
258,494
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
74,304
50,000
35,062
112% 248%
0
1
1980 1990 2000
The nation’s primary Gateway States are shifting
From Northeast
and Southwest
To Southeast
and Mountain West
Contemporary trends in metropolitan immigrant
settlement
HIGHEST PERCENT FOREIGN-BORN, 2000
Miami, FL 50.9
Jersey City, NJ 38.5
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 36.2
San Jose, CA 34.1
New York, NY 33.7
San Francisco, CA 32.0
Orange County, CA 29.9
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX 29.5
Laredo, TX 29.0
Salinas, CA 29.0
Contemporary trends in metropolitan immigrant
settlement
PERCENT GREATEST GROWTH IN FOREIGN-BORN, 1990-2000
(Among Metros with >1M total population)
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC 367.2

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC 315.0
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC 270.4
Atlanta, GA 262.8
Las Vegas, NV-AZ 247.9
Nashville, TN 219.9
Denver, CO 186.6
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ 182.7
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT 174.1
Austin-San Marcos, TX 172.2
Country of Birth, Las Vegas 2000
Philippines 10%
El Salvador 4%
Canada 3%
Cuba 3% UK 2%
Korea 2%
Germany 2%
Mexico China 2%
47%
Vietnam 2%
Other
23%
Where did you live 5 years ago (1995), Las Vegas
residents, 2000
Native -Born Foreign -Born
Same House 38 % 26 %
Different House, US 61 % 54 %
Abroad 1% 19%
Percentage of foreign-born who moved from abroad
five years ago, selected metros, 2000
RESIDING IN
Los Angeles 23%

Las Vegas 26%
New York 33%
Chicago 33%
Phoenix 36%
Dallas 38%
Detroit 38%
Pittsburgh 41%
Atlanta 42%
Among FB movers, where did you live 5 years ago?
Different house in US Abroad
Korea 78 22
China 72 28
Japan 77 23
Guatemala 77 23
Germany 93 7
Cuba 66 34
Canada 82 18
El Salvador 86 14
Philippines 80 20
Mexico 71 29
0 20 40 60 80 METROPOLITAN
100 POLICY PROGRAM
120
Residential concentration outside the city limits
Change in the population without the foreign born
Population Change in Selected Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2000
90.0
Percent Change in Total Population
80.0
Percent Change in Native-born
Population
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Pittsburgh Chicago New York Los Angeles Atlanta Las Vegas Phoenix
-10.0
Las Vegas, Global Suburb?
Migration ‘system’ with the Southwestern region,

including Mexico
More affordable middle-class lifestyle, like the

‘burbs used to be?
Foreign-born population will continue to grow due

to social networks

Vegas Global Cities

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The Brookings Institution

Metropolitan Policy Program

Las Vegas: Global Suburb?:

Global Immigrant Gateways Workshop

--Rep. Don Young (R-Alaska), in support of a

Stephen Kalt, Executive Chef,

Las Vegas has become more like the rest of

Neon, entertainment, gambling, sex! All bigger

Las Vegas has become more like the rest of

The Last Detroit: the most unionized city in the

It’s not California: recession in the early 1990s

Las Vegas has a diversified economy: major

Low cost of living, new housing, endless desert

Great Salt Lake

Salt Lake City

Henderson Hoover Dam ARIZONA

Total Population, Metropolitan Las Vegas, 1960-2000

Gross and net migration, Las Vegas

In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Los Angeles

In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

6000 In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

Migration Flows between Las Vegas and Phoenix

4500 In-migrants Out-migrants Net in-migrants

Sources of Gross In-migration to Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, Selected Years

1990 1994 2000 2004

Total In-migration 67,222 77,171 85,300 97,147

*includes Orange County

1980 1990 2000

Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC 367.2

Native -Born Foreign -Born

Los Angeles 23%

Population Change in Selected Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2000

Migration ‘system’ with the Southwestern region,

More affordable middle-class lifestyle, like the

Foreign-born population will continue to grow due

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