2

ARGENTINA: AIRCRAFT-AERO BOERO

sizes
i

FMA

LrNrt-c Glrn: Non-etractble tailwheel type. Tyre

It 00-6 (main), 2.80-2.50 (raiJ). Hydraulic disc brakes on rriin unll.. I uilu heel ,teerable rnd fullr castoinc. Pown PLNI: One 19,1 kW (260 hp avco Lyioming O-)40-H2B5D fiar-'r1 gg1.. Jrir ing eirhcr a Sen,enic

.:1,,
t,.,.,.

rnent on port side. aft of cockpit, with external access. Sysrgy: Electrical power provided by one 50A alternator and a l2V batterv. Avro-lcs AND EeurpMENT: VHF radio stanclard. Flush litting internal tank iorward of'cockpit lor chemical. capaciti/ 600 litres (132 Imp galJons). Spravbars housed insicle wings. Cherjcal is dispersed. bv engine driven

AcccluuoolltoN: Seats for two persons jn heated and ventilated cockpit wjth frarned canopy. Utility compart-

fixed-pitch or a Hartzell or McCauley constant-speed tuo-blrde roeller uith srnrrrr. Tuo lulninium fuel lirnL\ D uing\. cornbined iarcit l()tt lirrer t4-l fmp gallons). Reluelling point in top of each tank.

.:.r,i

*{b-}

$*d3LX

pump, fhrough 1wo electricallv operated rolary atomisers beneath each wing. Twin landing lighrs in port wing

leading-edge.

DrlrlNsiclNs. EXTuRN^r-: Wing span Wing chord. constrnt Wing aspect ratio Length overall Height overall Tailplane span Whecl track
lVheelbse

0.90

l6in(5ft3%in)
2.0,1

(35 f't 9 in)

730m(23illl%in)
230m(7ftl;lin)

611

m ( li 8l, in) 3.07 n (10 ft 0% in)

Prototype of the Aero Boero 260 Ag two-seat cropspraying aircraft

Wr:rt;lrs AND LoADINcs: Weight ernpty

Anrrs: As for AB
Wings. gross Fin
R udtie

5
180 except:

l0m(lftEtrin)
(

Mrx T-O

l7 55 rn: I 03 m:

(ll

188.9 sq li) 09 sq fr)

Prrrtinlrr\t

Max ling loading Max pou'er lording

welghr

690 kg ( 1.521 lb) 1.350 kg (2.976 tb) 76 92 kgrn, (15.76 lbrsq fr) 6.97 kgikW (l I 4-5 lbhp)

0.59 mr (6

l5

sq lr)

Never-exceed

lt (at rnax T-Q weight): 115 knots (250

speed

knrh:

155 mph)

Stalling speed. flaps down engine idling 46 knots (85 kmrh: 53 mf Max ratc of climb at SrL 160 m (l.lE0 fr) nl Service ceiling 5.00 m ( 18.17-< T-O to 15 n (-50 ii) 280 m (910 Landing from l5 n (50 lr) 270 m (886 Range uith max fuel 432 nm (800 km: ,197 nil:

CHINCUL
cHtNcuL s.A.c.A.t.F.t.
25 de Ma_vo 4u9. 4' Piso. Buenos Aires Telephone. 32 567 I i 5 7 e|e.x. 012 270 MACUB AR

Wonrs: Calle Mendoza entre 6 )'. 7 (Casilla de Correo

Sn Juan

g0)

Pnnslt-.t: Juan Jos Beraza Details of Chincul's licence production of piper light aircralt were last given in thc I 9lJ4-85 -/rne'.r. although thc

company itself had not updated its entr), since l9i However. Piper announced in July I 98 thal the agreem; had "begun to shorv signs of renewed activity". with r., Archer kits recently delivered and two Warrior kits
orde.

FMA
FBRICA MILITAR DE AVIONES (Area de Material Crdoba) Fuerza Area

FMA lA 58 and tA 66 PUCAR

This twin-turboprop light atrack ajrcralt. nameci atier a typc of stone lbrtress built by the carly South Amcrican Indians. llcn lor the llrst time on 20 Augusr 1969 witb 6?4 kW (904 ehp) Galrcrr TPE33 I U 303 rurboprop engines. It was follorved on 6 Septenber 1970 by a sccond prototype. porvered bv 761 kW ( I .022 ehp) Turbomca Astazou XVI G turboprops, which were adopted as standartl for the initial

746 kW (1.000 shp)

lA 66. Prototype (AX-06). llrsr flown in late l9lJ0 s:: carreft TpE3jj-l l-601W turbopro:
-

Argentina

Avenicla Fuerza Area Argentina Km 5',,:. 5103 Guarnicin Aca Crdoba Telephoue ,150l I to,15015
I1,.r 51965 AMCOR AR Gr:Nt RAL I)tRE('TOR: Bricaclejr0 Roberto Jos Engroba

produclion version.

PnoucrroN DrRlcroR: Conrocloro Antonio F. Rizz:o Corallcr

lA 584. Initil (rwo-sear) production version. of which

Argcntina (FAA). which later odced 48 more, partly to rcplace aboul 24 aircraft iost during the lighting in the South Atlantic in 1982. Deliveries to thc FAA besn in rhe
the first example (A-501) mrdc its first flight on 8 November I 974. Total of 60 ocierecl originally for thc Fuerza Area

Four versions of the Puca have been built. as follorvs:

produclion form: Typr: Twin-turboprop ciose support. reconnaissance ;r counter-insrirgency aircraft; stntctural clesign basecl : \4TI .An0 ro h8-0 rfeeili(i,ion. Wtxcs: Cantilevcr low-ruing monoplane. Wing sect::

58C. Details in 198,1-85 and earlier -/rrclr. The lollowing description applies to the IA 58A rn its

Further development unlikely lollorving development of

ii:

Mrrxlrxlc

r:

Drttc.

ror:
ANI) DEvELopivtLN r- ANr)
0-1.

Comodoro Luis H. Pereva Viiln

Dlnrcron o

RESEARCH

PlraRrrlul DtRt( t'R. lq

Comodoro Albcrto Hctor [_inciorv Drnrc rrtr o Fr.rcur Tls r Cl:rurHr:: Mayor D. Horcio A. Orefice Interino Coulrtnc lL Mlxlctn: H. Francisco Lucino CHrl, cx PusLrc RlLr'rlNs: Vice Conodoro (R) Tidio A. Lazo The original Fbrica Militar de Avioncs (Military Air) citrle int onct.rtlt,rr,,n I0 Ocluhcl lqj- lr., central organisation lbr aeronauticl research and production in Arscntirra. Its nante was changed to Iistituto Aeotcnico in i943 and then to Industrias Aeronuticas v

Sring

(l.rll F.rclor\

\4ceirnre.del

frldo(lAVl)in lq5l. fn lq5^il hecrmc

component

State enterprise under the title ol Direccin Nacional clc Fabricacines e Investigacines Aeronutjcas (DINFIA). but reveted to its original title in 1968. It is now a

dit .i n the Argcnline Air Forcc. FMA corrprises two large divisions. The Instituto de Investigacines Aeronuticas y Espacial (llAE) is responequiprrrent rrlrl other cqurnment. The fjbric Milirar Jc Arronc, ir.clt controls lhe aircraft manulhcturing lacilities (Grupo Fabricacin) situaled in Crdoba. as rvell as the Ccnto de Ensayos en Vuelo r F lighr Te\t ( cnt re). tu u hich :rll lrrrtntfi pro,tuced in Argcntina are sent for ccrlificalion tests. The lboratories. lactories and other aeronautical division buildings occupy a tol.al covered area of'approx 253.000 m, (2,72j.265 sq ft); the Arca de Material Crdoba employs more than :.SOb persons. ol whom about 2.100 ae in the Grupo Fabricacin. In current production is the nationall!,designed pucar counler-insur-ucnl aircralt. The IA 6l pampa basic and rdr nced jet rraine fleg ior rhe rsr tinre in Ocrobe I 9g-1: a gr.-:herd r\l: iill f,s-ltid jn rtd-196 irr the rL)je.ted

ol the Area de Mateial

Crdoba (AMC)

complcted in 1986. Currcntly in serv jce wiLh the FAA's III Brigada Area a1 Reconquista (2'and l'Escuaclrons) and the IX Brigada (4' Escuadron) t Comodoro Rivrclavia. Early production IA -58A described in 1983-84 and previous "/are s. Sonre early production aircraft have been converted to single-sea1 conliguration. with extra fusclage l'uel tank in place of rear seat: lirther sinilar conversions mav be lanrred. Srr lA 5bA\ \ere delirereJ ro lhc Fuerzr Aere Uruguayr. and a lurther 10 were being offered lor export in early I 986. lA 588. As early IA 58A. but with more powcrful built-in armanent. in a deeper front fuselage, antl updated avionics. Prototype only (AX-05). which first flerv on l5 Mav 1979. For t ordcred l 'r FA A in lqRn, bul can(elled in liour of conlinued produclion ollA 5EA. Details in l9E2-83 -/alr. lA 58C. Improved singJe-seat version. described sepl

ot lq-h. ind thc lr.t e\dTnle *,t, ,lue t.

he

ra

elv

lional two-spiu semiltonocoque lail-sale structue : duralumin, with 075 ST upper and 024 ST lorver sk:r All-dual electicallv controlled hyclaulically actu:: trdrlin!-edgc sloLte(l fir1.. inho;rrd rrnd oulhuJrd ot (. engine nacelle. Modified Frise ailerons of duralu::with magnesium alloy trailing-edges, actuatecl bv r:: pull rods. No slats. Balance tab in starboard ailer:: clectricalll,operated trim tab in port aileron. Ft-rsr:r,tcr: Conventional semi-monocoque fail-safe srr-, ture ofdualu:lin frames nd stringers. built in lorri":: central ancl real main sections. Upper part of nosec: opens upward for access to avionics ancl cquipmenr Tlrr Ulrr: Cantilever semi-monocoque structure duraiunin; two-spar rudder and elevators havc n:_: le\ium allo) trriling-edge*. I rrcJ incidcncc rrrrllrnt elevators mounted ner top of fin. Curved dorsal rRudder and clevators actuated by pushpull rods. ,each fitted with electrically operated inset tim tab. LrNrrNc Gtnn: Hydraulically retractable tricycle r-.:wilh emergency mechanical backup. All units rei:.forward, steerable nose unit (33' lefi and rish fuselage. main units into engine nacelles. K-ronr.-:

NACIA 64.A215 at roor. NAC_-A 64,A212 ar tip. Dihel: 7' on outer panels. Incidence 2". No sweepback. Conr::

nd te.linp of rockels. -uundrng

sible lo thc design ofaircrafl. and Lhe desicn. manulaitur"

\TL

FMA
Rrnl:-fcdcr.hock ab\orbcr rn erreh uttit 5inple Dunlup uu nose Ltllil. tuin shecl' on lnrtln unil' l'll uith DunlopType III tubeless tyrcssize 7'50 i0 Tyrepressure

_ AIRCRAFT: ARGENTINA

,r*t

J lo uot. iis tursq in) on all units' Dunlop hydraulic disc brakes on mainwheels only. Parking and emcrgency grass brake. No anti-ski<1 units. Landing gcar suitable lbr

run strip opcration. Provision lbr 80 m (22 ft) takc-ofT

uri'ig
p1

ihr.. JATO

bottles aitached

to

es-Yf

underfuselage

'R.

P,rir'r Prrxr: Two 729 kW (978 shp) Turbomca Astazou X\lG turboprop engines. each driving a Rtier-Forest llLF-179 tree-blaile variable-pitch lully-feathering nretal propeller with spinner' Water injection system' tlow rate )'5 litt.t (0 S5 Imp gallons)imin ior 2 mjn' Electric de -icing of e ngine air intrkes Fuel in trvo AMC .le Vat.iial Croa) luselage tanks (combined "qr"u 772 litres; 170 Inp gallons) and one AM.C.self.apacit-y

lon.

."rlinniunk in each wing (combined capecity 508 litres; capacity 1'280 1 1 I Ip gtllons). Overall usable internal
Lltres

(igi lnp gallons) Gravity reluelling point lor al1 tiinks on top-o1' fuselage fi ol cockpit Fuel slstem-

Single-seat conversion of standard lA 58A Pucar

ln.lu.r,*o'u..unulatu tanks, perrnitting up to 30 s ol .nr.lt'. nighr. A lone r.tngc aurilirtr trrtrk u'able :r reit 3 I x'or l. I 00 lirre. r'0 or l-l) lmn !lluns I eun be a 3I8 litre
-riiachei to the fuselage centreline pllon' and -0 lmp gallon) auxiliiry tank on each underrving p'-lon'
1

95'1' Possibie-external fuel loacls re therefore llE 636' 382 lnp gallons); I . I 00 or I .736 lirres (70. 1'10. 2 0. 212 or lax internal and externrl usable fuel capacity is 3'016 litres (3 Imp gallons) Oil capacity I I litres (2.4 Imp

rrllons).
\acoNrNloDAlloN: Pilot anr:i co-pilot in tendeln on MartinBaker AP06A zcroizero ejection seats beneath single \\lC mouldcd Plcxiglas canopy which is hinged at rear .ind opens uprvarcl. Rear (co-pilot) seat elerated.25 cm l0 ini abov front seal. Rearview mirror io each crew :embe. Teleflex heated and bulletproof windscreen' l ith wiper. Arnour pltting in cockpit floor' resistant to - 62 mm grounci llre from 1 50 m (500 li) Dual controls .rnd blin-flying instrLne ntation standard Cockpits hetcd and ucniil"te.i by mixture of engine blced nd
:rternLl air.

S:irfus: Air-conditioning. de-icing and

nti-a systems

gailons)'min at I 75 bars (2.53lJ lbsq in) actuates landing brakes' !e"r. nops. noservheel steerinF and mainwhecl un rd(ll iia..nj.nt nncurttrtlc rrumpre\Sed :rrl ) \)'lcm -n!rllc I 'uplr rrrter injeeltorl ltlel ')\tem n\cr1rd auxiliary fuel tank lransfer''-ancl Rl!nt "c.umuiainrs. pi.rt .ngine only) Dunlop canopy scaling system Elec ,i,."1 ,yit.,. inciudes two 2E.5V 5kW Turbomca engine Jiren DC strterigenerrtors; two 250VA Flite-Tonics rr.itic inverters (main and standby). fed from DC emer:nl busbar. lor 115''26V single-phase AC power al ] trz: and a 2lV 36Ah SAFT Voltabloc 400A nickel;rinriu battery. No APU Main oxygen systen uses j l:ire ( L l tmp gallon) Benilix liquid oxygen bottlc and .-.r conrcrter; sepilrate gaseous oxygen supply lor emer:inc\ use. L'Htellier fire detection and extinguishing . 6. u ith Graviner cxtinguisher botlle r.: ,ttcs rsn Equllltlxr: Standard avionics irrclude Delta \ OR LOC-- ILS. Smiths magnetic compass! Sperry gyro :::r:!ssanddual artificial horizons, Bendix DFA-73A \)F:tceire. Bendix RTA-42A VHF com transcerver' S-:\:r RE-800 HF com transcciver' Bendix RNA-3'X -.,1R LOC glideslope receivcr' SunAir ACU-810 HF : -:.:: tnplifier. Delta audio amplifier' and intercom ,:::-.il iionics incluclc ECM, wether radar' IFF'
1

.rptional Hydraulic s)'sten' with airloil reservoir and-trvo :ngine driven putrrps c:rch delivering '1 litres (0 9 Imp

FMAlA58APucartwo-seatclosesupportandreconnaissanceaircraft,withscrapviewsoflA66(left)a lA58C I Pilot Prcss )

12'7' 20 or lrunchers each with nineteen 2 75 in rockets; a gu,. poci ancl two 3 ) 8 litre drop tanks: srx I 25 kg

l0

nt-

Lo,rt in si*teet

lb ior,u l4 ttnt .or,ticlges. plus onboard ECM: trvelve 250 napaln bombs; three 500 kg delayecl action bonbs' or two trvin-7 62 mm machine-gun pods' plus thrce ltuncontrining nineleetr 2 75 in rockets' SFOM ..r, reflector sight permits rveapon rcleasc al any 83A3"r.lt
clesire

in rockcts; six launchers

each rvith

4 66 kgrkW (7 66 lb :: Max pouer loacling Pprronilrxc:r {at AUW of 5.500 kg; 1 2 1 25 lb cxcept n :

Max rving

loa<ling

121''1

kgim'? (:15 97

lb s;

d liring angle; optional Bendix AWE- 1 pro,elease in step or ripplc modes of singlc gr",t..,
"lls welpons. pairs or sa)vos. rjxrERNAL: Wing span
at tip Wing aspect ratio
1.1

DrMLNSToNS.

50 m (41

lt 6% in)
ft
4

Wing chord: centre-section (consiant)

2 21 m

(.1

in)

"'; i 60m(5it3in)

694

:.::::-r. ..nlmunications system Standard

r::::-::

nar igation s-rstem. Machmete

r'

and VHF-FM
equipment

r, -::: .lul Pronecr airspce<1 and vertical speed r: :i:!-::. dul Kollsnan ltimeters' clual Air Precision :,:: ::-.: i:a\ indicatos. dual llendix acccleroneters' .1:-..ot\ tnlu' 'trrndb) t '1urrl bcaring . .-: .. - : . .: :: lnJ ..rlor'. ll:P o.itton indiiillor. dul r r: :.i: :..ition indicatcrs. Air Precision cllron-: : :l -, -l!e r engine rpm and AMC torque . r.. :-, Bri.n Leroux propeller pitch indicators'
.,-:::::_::

14 253 m ('16 |t 9 % in) Length overall 1 U.675 r (,14 fr 1 0 % in) Length of luselage 1 32n(4ft'1in) Fuselage: Max rvidth i 95 m (6 1i 4',/. in) Max depth 5162m(17ft7%in) Height overall 470m(15lt5in) Tailplane sPan Wheel track (cr I of shock bsorbers)

indicated): Vr criricrrl Vrteh nulnber:tl max T-O weight Never-exceed speed t na\ T-O rveight Mach 0 63 ('105 knots; 750 kn h: -1{'- :: Max lcvel speed at 3,000 m (9'E40 ii) 270 knots (500 kn h: I I I :: Max cruising speed at 6,000 n (19.680 ll) 259 knots (480 km h: l': :' Econ cruising speed 232 knots ('130 km h: l-- Max spee<l for landing gear extension (a1l reisl'':' -- -. I 50 knots (278 km h: r ancl landing gear doun \'- '' Stalling speed. flaps 78 knots (143 km h: '- :: 4,79 kg (10.560 lb) 1,0E0 m (l rll :: Max rate f climb at SLL 10,000 m (ll Service ceiling
Service ceiling, one engine

120m(l3ft9%m)
3 8E5

Wheelbase

rr

(12 ft 9 in)

Propeller diameter
DrMINSIo^-s. IN tIRNAI-:

259m(8f'tin)

" -: Ll :: _. -10[] :| T_O run 70: n: l : T-O to i5 m (50 f]) Lancling frorr 15 m (50 ft). lancling ueighi r: :' 6'rl :r: (l 1.2l lb) Landing run, landing weight as above I ' :1 : ii : Attack itdiusatT-Oweightol6.500kg(l':

Mir

grouncl trrning

out radius

6'000 rn 6 50 n

rI

-:::

lerding-edge ol each underlving r 1,1 r- :-,- . : 1: ght .rt nose\ hecl stul. fin-tlp antt ..-..1 ...r.::.,tlOn l:Jhl.. In\l.UInent

-' -- , - i :L ' t-t'rhc '1"(c nilul 'tali( ll"rl:'

til ienlperalure indicaLors. dul quatr!r!J ,- lf,el liO\\u rrn,l \V( l.,er qurntit l,:l tl llIl0.livrL 'uL' -:'.
-rnLl

Cockpit: Length Max wiclth Max height

285m(9lt4l;in)
081m(2ftEin)
2 90 mr (31 2 sq fl) 2 74 mr (96 8 cu ft) 30 30 rr': (326 1 sq 1't) 2 00 m'z (21 53 sq ft) 3.5'+ mr (3E 10 sq lt) 1 85 mr (,11 76 \q ti) + 60

reserves of initial luel: with I .500 kg (1.107 lb) of cxternal

lo-lo-lo
Io lo-hi

125m(4ftIl'.in)

.::it :n

Floor area
Volume

hi-lo-hi with 1 .200 kg

lo -lo-

(2.6'15

ll l nm tlli k::-: . j :: 1i5 nn llli \:rr. I : l -: 89 nrr t li| r:r:. l lb) of ertcrnl u;'r:'r::
1

tier":::

lt

lo-lo hi hi-lo-hi

*irh

llll!:ii

t'l

300 kg (1.161 Imp gllon:l tiertcrnl i::1r

:-:.::lSitnil :j, ,::: lbl of rrrdn'rn!: '::i

-ll{l nnr

I Lb nrr

+L'rj

1I:mr(lllSsqft) n: (19 5l \q ft) I6ll rrr 1lS ll sq ftl

lo-lo-ltr lo'lo -h i

ll,'r::r :-i .. J-i r::' l:,t

hi-l

hi
.:

F:::\ :-lng:

FN,1A

IA 58C PUCARA CHARLIE

ARGENTINA: AIRCRAFT_ FMA

experience gained during the FalklandsiMalvinas campaign ol 1982. is intended 10 extend its attack capability against such targets as helicopters and surlace vessels. and to enable it also to carry out a low level ir defence role. Unlike the single-seat IA 58A conversions described in lhe preceding entrv. it is the front cockpit rvhich is deleted in the IA 58C. This enables the existing built-in amament of lwo 20 mm and fbur 7 62 m:r guns to be suppiemenled by a 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon in the upper nose rvith, initially. 270 rounds ofammunition. Externally, provision is made to carry lwo CITEFA Martin Pescador (Kingfisher) supersonic tactical missiles underwing. or a pair of Matr R.550 Magic air-to-air missiles for self-clefence underrving or on trvo additional Alkan lrunchers rounted under the tips ol strengthened outer wings. The remaining cockpit has been enlarged. and given added arnrour protection against hits lrom )ight calibre weapons. Improvements and aciciitions to the avionics include rn OmegaivLF system with radar ltimeter lor nap-of-the-earth navigation; a radar rvarning receiver; new HF and VHF-FMTAM ccmmunications; HSI; and ADI with gvro pitform. Options include IFF. a Saab RGS-2 or similar lead-computing predictor sight. head-up displa,'.. and internal or pocl nrounted llares. chaff or jamming equipment. Provision is made for wing and lail unit antiicing.

The single-seat FMA lA 58C Pucar Charlie,

with addtional nose gun and external ordnance

gallons). Single-point pressure reluelling system. Engine air intakcs anti-iced by engine bleed air. AccoMMoDATIoN: Instruclor and student in tandem (in struclor at rear, on elevted seat). on standrd e.jection seats (Marlin-Baker on first prolotype) operable also while aircraft is on ground. Ejection procedure can be pre-selected lor scparrte single ejections. or for both seats to be fired fr-om lront or rcar cockpit. Dul controls slandard. One-piece wraparound windscreen. One-piece canopy, with internal screen, is hinged at rear and opens upward. Entire accommodation pressurised and airconditioned. Svsnus: AiResearch ai-conditioning system, supplied b high or low prcssure engine bleed ai. also provides ram air for negative g system and canopy seal. Oxvgen systenl supplied b-v- lox converter. Two indcpendent hydraulic systems. cach at pressure of 207 bars (3.000 lbisq in). supplied b, engine driven pumps. Each svstem incoporates r bootstrrp reservoir pressurised at 4 bars (5E 1b sq in). No. 1 system. with flos'ratc of l6litres (3 5Imp gallons) rmin, actuates primary fl ight controls. airbrake-s. landing gear and wheel brakes; No. 2 system. rvith flori rate of 8 litres ( I 75 Imp gailons)imin. ?ictuates primr\

Thc IA 5llC retains the salne powcr plant as the A version. except thlt the Astazou XVIG engines nol have self-start

capability and nodified nozzlcs to reduce their infra'red signature. Maximum take-ofl and landing rveighls renain
unchanged. Cruising speed at sea level (presumabl)- at max T-O werght) is esti:ated at 250 knots ('163 kmrh:288 nph). and payloadrrange capabilit), is expected to bc increased b! up to 20 per cenl. Some Argentinc Air Force oicils have becn quoted as saying that lhc FAA plans to retrofit its 70 or so lA 58As to

Tvrr: Singlc-cngined basic and advanccd Jet trainer. ArtFRltr: Incorporetcs integrated structures lor high load
components such as wing spar box and main frames, numericall' conlrolled. rnechanically and chemically millcd components: and the use o1 fibre composites. Wllc;s: Cantilever shouldcr-wing nronoplane. Non-swept tapered u'ings are of Dornier DoA-7 advanced transonic section, with thicknesslchord ratios of l4 59'o at root. I 2 5% at tip. Two-spar rving box forms integral fuel tank. H'draulically actuated two-segment single slolted Fowler trailing-edgc iaps inboard ol ailerons. Redundant primary controls, actuated b]-draulically with ssistance b'Liebherr servo actLLirtors. Stick forces simulaled by rtificial leel. Three-axis trim is operated electro-mcchnically. Fust-rcI;: Conventional semi-monocoque structureHydraulicall.v actuated door t]'pe airbrake on each side of upper rear firselage. TrrL Uxr r: Sweptback lln arrd rudder: non-swept all-noving urnhedral tailplane. Control surface actuation as for ailerons. Lr-prsc GE^R: Retractable tricyclc t)'pe, by Scr!o Hldraulcs Locl of Isrrel. rvith h-vdraulic extensionr rctraction and emergency frec-lall extensiorr. Oleopneumalic shock absorbers. Single wheel and low-prcssure tyre on ech uni1. Nosewheel retracls rearward. mainrvheels inu'arci into underside of engine air intake trunks. Braking system incorporates an anti-skid device: noscwheei steering is optiontl. Gear is designed lbr operation from unprepared surf'aces. PowR PLrNI: One 15 57 kN (3.500 lb s1) Garrctl TFETIl 2-2N turbolan engine. installed irr rear fuselage. rvith twin lateral air intakes. Sttndard irternal fuel capacit' of 980 litres (2 I 5 5 Imp gallons) is contined in :rn integral rving tank of 550 litres ( J 2 1 Inrp gallons) and a,1 I 8 litre (92 Imp gallon) flexiblc luselage tank with a negative g chanrber. An additional 4I 5 litres (9 I Imp gallons) can be carried irr auxiliarl lanks installed inside the outer rving panels. to give a max inte rnal capacity of 1.383 litres (-104 Imp

IA

58C stanclard. but whether this will be so, whether a production order will be placed fbr ncw-build aircraft. or whether re-equipment rvill involve a nixture of both will depend on the outcome of'flight testing. No ofhcial decision hacl been taken up to March 1986. The FMA's Grupo Fabricacin is sajd to be capable of producing up to three and a hallPucars pcr month. Antrurr: Fixed armment as for IA 58A. plus a nose mounted 30 mm DEFA 553 cannon with 270 rds. Two underu,ing pllon attachments, plus air-to-air nissile launchers undcr cach wingtip. Typical weapon combinations can include twelve I 25 kg bombs or 250 Jb napalm conainers; six 25 kg bombs with eight 5 in rockets' thrcc 500 kg retarded bombs: three 220 kg napalm tanks with lour launchers each containing iorty 7:l mm grcnades: seven launchers each lor nineleen 2 75 in rccketst lbur such launchers rvith a 100 litre drop tank. or thee launchers rvith trvo 300 litre drop tankst three such rocket larnchers ivith a pirir of-Matra Magic air-to-air nrissiles: tuo Magics and a 1.100 litre drop tank; or Lwo 300 iitre clrop tanhs plus an ECM pod linked autonalicall with the radar rvarning receiver.
1

FMA IA 63 PAMPA its militar, pilot training syslem, the Fuerza Arca Argentina dccided in the latc 1970s to To
modernise authorise the clesign of r new jet lrainer to replace its ageing

Morane-Saulnic M5.760 Paris IIIs. and in i979 FMA initialcd the IA 6l Pampa programne to meet this
requirement. An initial concept phasc included the study ol lour possible single-cngined and three twin-engined designs

turbine provides emergcnc! hydraulic power for No. I system il pressure in this system drops below minimum. Primarl electrical system (28V DC) supplied by an I 1 5kW engine driven slarter'gencriilor: secondar)' sLLpply (ll5r26V AC pouer at 400H2) ftom two static inrerrcr.: onbo"r.l hatterr ro' engine.tartin. AvroNrcs: Standard avionics package comprises tso redundirnt \ Hl- corn trJn\Lei\er\. inlercom .):lem. VORiILS with marker beacon receiver. DME. and ADF radio compass. Navigation system allows complete navigationllanding training under IFR conclitions. Attitude nd headin-s inlormation providccl by a threegyro platform. with magnetic llux valve conrpass for additional heading relerence. Wide range of other
avionics available. to customer's requiremcnls.

liight controls. rving flaps. emcrgency and parkinr brakes. and (if htted) noservheel steering. A ran air

before the present configlration, powered b-r a single Garrelt TFE73i tubolan engine. was adopted in early
980. Dctil clefinition of the design. rvind tunnel testing and orerall progra nme planning occupicd t he renrainder of that year. and rvas lollowed in early l98l by fhc slart of lhe current development phase. uhich uas scheduled to last until 1985. Uncler contrct 10 the Argentine government. Dornicr GmbH of West (icrmany is proviciing tcchnical assistancc during the development phase. including manulacture o1'the wings and lailplanes lbr lhe prototvpes and ground test airframes. Tu'o IA 63 airfr-ames arc being cornpleted lbr static and fatigue testing. The lirst flring prototypc (EX-01) nade a srccesslul first flight on 6 October 1984, anci lour further test llights rvcre completed bcforc. on l0 Octobcr. an 'otlicil'first flight was nadc to nrark the 57th anniversary
1

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of the lbundation of FMA. First flight 01' the second

prototype took place on 7 August 1985: the thircl flcw during the firs1 half of 1986. and three pre-production aircali rvere due to fly bcfbre the end of that ycar. Plars rvcrc to complete flighl testing and certification by Octobcr 1986. enablirrg the first 12 production Pampas io be delivered lbr bsic nd advanceci fl'ing training with the FAA b. March 198E. The initial FAA order. conflrned in October 1985. is br 6,1 aircrai. prirrarll' to rcplcc about J-i \loranc-Saulnier Paris III jct trainers. A furthcr .10. for u\c f,\ conbill proficiencr trainars. ma\ be ordered later.

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1990.