Ethylene Glycol Heat-Transfer Fluid

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Ethylene Glycol Heat-Transfer Fluid

Freezing point, viscosity, specific gravity and specific heat capacity of ethylene glycol based heat-transfer fluids, or brines
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Ethylene Glycol based water solutions are common in heat-transfer applications where the temperature in the heat transfer fluid can be below 32oF (0oC). Ethylene glycol is also commonly used in heating applications that temporarily may not be operated (cold) in surroundings with freezing conditions - such as cars and machines with water cooled engines. Ethylene Glycol is the most common antifreeze fluid for standard heating and cooling applications. Ethylene glycol should be avoided if there is a slightest chance of leakage to potable water or food processing systems. Instead solutions based on propylene glycol are commonly used. Specific heat capacity, viscosity and specific weight of a water and ethylene glycol solution vary significantly with the percent of ethylene glycol and the temperature of the fluid. Properties differs so much from clean water that heat transfer systems with ethylene glycol should be calculated thoroughly for actual temperature and solution.

Freezing Point of Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions

Freezing points of ethylene glycol based water solutions at various temperatures are indicated below

Freezing Point Ethylene Glycol Solution (% by volume) Temperature (oF) (oC) 0 32 0 10 23 -3 20 14 -8 30 2 -16 40 -13 -25 50 -36 -37 60 -70 -55

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Propylene Glycol and Freezing Points

Due to possible slush creation, ethylene glycol and water solutions should not be used in conditions close to freezing points.

Dynamic Viscosity of Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions

Search the ToolBox! Dynamic viscosities - - of ethylene glycol based water solutions at various temperatures are indicated below

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Dynamic Viscosity - - (centipoise) Temperature (oF) 0 40 (oC) -17.8 4.4 26.7 48.9 71.1 93.3 115.6 137.8 25
1)

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Ethylene Glycol Solution (% by volume) 30

1)

40 15 4.8 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.6

2) 2)

50 22 6.5 2.8 1.5 0.95 0.7

2) 2)

60 35 9 3.8 2 1.3 0.88

2) 2)

65 45 10.2 4.5 2.4 1.5 0.98

2) 2)

100 310 48 14 7 3.8 1.4 1.8 1.4

3 1.5 0.9 0.65 0.48

2) 2)

3.5 1.7 1 0.7 0.5

2) 2)

o o

C F

80 120 160 200 240 280

Length

Offshore Engineer

m km in ft yards miles nautical miles

1. below freezing point 2. above boiling point

Note! The dynamic viscosity of an ethylene glycol based water solution is increased compared with the dynamic viscosity of clean water. As a consequence the head loss in the a piping system with ethylene glycol is increased compared to clean water.

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Specific Gravity of Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions

Specific gravity - SG - of ethylene glycol based water solutions at various temperatures are indicated below

Volume

Specific Gravity- SG Temperature

m
3

Ethylene Glycol Solution (% by volume) 25 30 40 50 60 65 100

(oF)

(oC)

liters

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Ethylene Glycol Heat-Transfer Fluid

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in ft

-40 0 40 80

-40 -17.8 4.4 26.7 48.9 71.1 93.3 115.6 137.8

1) 1)

1) 1)

1)

1)

1.12 1.11 1.1 1.09 1.077 1.062 1.049

2) 2)

1.13 1.12 1.11 1.095 1.082 1.068 1.054

2) 2)

1)

us gal

1.08 1.07 1.06 1.05 1.038 1.026

2) 2)

1.10 1.088 1.077 1.064 1.05 1.038

2) 2)

1.16 1.145 1.13 1.115 1.1 1.084 1.067 1.05

1.048 1.04 1.03 1.018 1.005

2) 2)

1.057 1.048 1.038 1.025 1.013

2) 2)

Velocity

120 160 200 240 280

m/s km/h ft/min ft/s mph knots

1. below freezing point 2. above boiling point

Note! The specific gravity of ethylene glycol based water solutions are increased compared with specific gravity of clean water.

Pressure

Specific Heat Capacity of Ethylene Glycol based Water Solutions

Specific Heat - cp - of ethylene glycol based water solutions at various temperatures are indicated below

Pa (N/m ) bar mm H 2O kg/cm psi inches H 2O

2

Specific Heat - cp - (Btu/lb.oF) Temperature (oF) -40 0 40 80 120 (oC) -40 -17.8 4.4 26.7 48.9 71.1 93.3 115.6 137.8 25
1) 1)

Ethylene Glycol Solution (% by volume) 30

1) 1)

40
1)

50
1)

60 0.68 0.723 0.748 0.768 0.788 0.81 0.83

2) 2)

65 0.703 0.7 0.721 0.743 0.765 0.786 0.807 0.828

2)

100
1)

0.83 0.845 0.86 0.875 0.89 0.905

2) 2)

0.78 0.795 0.815 0.832 0.85 0.865

2) 2)

0.54 0.562 0.59 0.612 0.64 0.66 0.689 0.71

Flow

0.913 0.921 0.933 0.94 0.953

2) 2)

0.89 0.902 0.915 0.925 0.936

2) 2)

m /s m /h US gpm cfm
3

160 200 240 280

Unit Converter Scientific

1. below freezing point 2. above boiling point 1 Btu/(lbmoF) = 4,186.8 J/(kg K) = 1 kcal/(kgoC)
Note! The specific heat capacity of ethylene glycol based water solutions are less than the specific heat capacity of clean water. For a heat transfer system with ethylene glycol the circulated volume must be increased compared to a system with clean water. In a 50% solution with operational temperatures above 36 oF the specific heat capacity is decreased with approximately 20%. The reduced heat capacity must be compensated by circulating more fluid. Automobile antifreeze solutions should not be used in HVAC systems because they contain silicates that may cause fouling. Silicates in automobile antifreeze are used to protect aluminum engine parts. Note! Distilled or deionized water should be used for ethylene glycol solutions. City water may be treated with chlorine which is corrosive. Systems for automatic makeup water should not be used since a leakage would contaminate the environment and dilute the antifreeze protection of the system.

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Boiling Points Ethylene Glycol Solutions

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Boiling Point Ethylene Glycol Solution (% by volume) Temperature (oF) ( C)

o

0 212

10 214

20 216

30 220

40 220

50 225

60 232

70

80

90 100

245 260 288 386

100 101.1 102.2 104.4 104.4 107.2 111.1 118 127 142 197

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Increase in Flow required for a 50% Ethylene Glycol Solution

Increase in circulated flow for 50% ethylene glycol solutions compared with clean water are indicated in the table below

Fluid Temperature (oF) 40 100 140 180 220 (oC) 4.4 37.8 60.0 82.2 104.4

Flow Increase (%) 22 16 15 14 14

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Pressure Drop Correction and Combined Pressure Drop and Volume Flow Correction for 50% Ethylene Glycol Solution
Pressure drop correction and combined pressure drop and flow increase correction for 50% ethylene glycol solutions compared with clean water are indicated in the table below

Fluid Temperature (oF) 40 100 140 180 220 (oC) 4.4 37.8 60.0 82.2 104.4

Pressure Drop Correction with Flow Rates Equal (%) 45 10 0 -6 -10

Combined Pressure Drop and Flow Rate Correction (%) 114 49 32 23 18

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