Number Sense: Factors

How Do Stockholders Use Math?

Factors
FACTORS ARE NUMBERS THAT WILL DIVIDE EXACTLY INTO ANOTHER NUMBER. THE FACTORS OF 12 ARE: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, AND 12 BECAUSE EACH NUMBER CAN DIVIDE EXACTLY INTO 12 WITHOUT LEAVING A DECIMAL OR REMAINDER WHAT ARE THE FACTORS OF 18? WHAT ABOUT 60?

Prime Numbers
SOME NUMBERS ARE SPECIAL BECAUSE THEY HAVE EXACTLY 2 FACTORS THE NUMBER 1 AND THE NUMBER ITSELF 7 IS A PRIME NUMBER BECAUSE ITS FACTORS ARE 1 AND 7 IS 1 A PRIME NUMBER? HOW MANY FACTORS DOES IT HAVE?

Factors: Divisibility Tests

If the number is even, then 2 is a factor. If the sum of the digits is divisible by 3, then 3 is a factor. If the last two numbers are divisible by 4, then 4 is a factor. If the number ends in 0 or 5, then 5 is a factor. If the sum of the digits is divisible by 9, then 9 is a factor. If the number ends in 0, then 10 is a factor.

Factors: Divisibility Tests

What about the number 6? What about the number 8? What about the number 12? Can you think of rules for them?

Factor Trees
Factor trees can be used to nd the product of primes A product of primes is when we nd the basic building blocks of a number. The blocks are prime numbers. Whats a factor tree?

Factor Trees
Whats a factor tree? Well, lets see!

24 2 2 2 12 6 3

Factor Trees
2
x

24

A product of primes

Factor Trees
24 3 2 2 8 4 2

Factor Trees
2
x

24

A product of primes

Factor Trees
24 4 2 2 2 6 3

Factor Trees
2
x

24

A product of primes

Factor Trees
54 6 2 3 3 9 3

Factor Trees
2
x

24

A product of primes

Index Notation
What is a shortcut for: Multiplication is a shortcut for repeated addition of 5+5+5+5 the same number. 5x4 Five times Four

What is a shortcut for: Index Notation is a shortcut 5x5x5x5 for repeated multiplication 4 5 of the same number. Five to the power of Four

Index Notation
6x6x6x6x6=
5 6

Base Its the number that you are multiplying over and over. It becomes the BIG number.

Index Notation 3 4 5
5 6

6x6x6x6x6= Base

Index Number

The Index Number is the number of times the Base is being multiplied.

Index Notation
So what does
3 7

actually mean?

73? 10?

21?

None of these!

Index Notation
3 7

=7x7x7 = 49 x 7 = 343

Index Notation
5 2

= = = =

2x2x2x2x2 4x4x2 4x8 32

Index Notation
6 10

= = = =

10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 100 x 100 x 100 10,000 x 100 1,000,000

Working with Index Numbers

3 5

Index Notation
12? = 25 12? 5

4 5

????

Working with Index Numbers

Index Notation

5 x5 x 5 x 5x 5 x 5 x 5 = = 78125

7 5

Working with Index Numbers

3 6

Index Notation
=
12? 12

4 2

7? 62

????

Working with Index Numbers

Index Notation

6 x6 x 6 x 2x 2 x 2 x 2 216 x 16 = 3456

Are a special kind of Index Number. They get their name from the idea of. . .

Squares

4 4

2 =4

A square number is a number that has a special pair of factors that are the same number. What is the square of the following numbers?
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 4 9 16 25 36 7 8 9 10 11 12 49 64 81 100 121 144

Squares

Square roots are the opposite of squaring a number To nd the square root, we are looking for the number that would be multiplied by itself.

Square Roots

64 = =
2 8 ?

Highest Common Factor

The Highest Common Factor (HCF) of two numbers is the largest factor of both numbers.

54 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, 54 72 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9 12, 18, 24, 36, 72

The Highest Common Factor (HCF) of 54 and 72 is 18.

HCF Shortcut!
The HCF of 60 and 72?
1) Find the product of primes for each number 2) Find the common prime factors 3) Find their product!

HCF Shortcut!
The HCF of 60 and 72? 3 60= 2 2 20 10 5

HCF Shortcut!
The HCF of 60 and 72? 8 72= 2 4 2 2 3 9 3

The HCF of 60 and 72? 60= 2 72= 2 12= 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

HCF Shortcut!
5

Lowest Common Multiple

The Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of two numbers is the smallest multiple of both numbers.

6 = 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 8 = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72
The Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of 6 and 8 is 24.

LCM Shortcut!
The LCM of 60 and 72?
1) Find the product of primes for each number 2) Find the unique prime factors 3) Find their product!

LCM Shortcut!
The LCM of 60 and 72? 3 60= 2 2 20 10 5

LCM Shortcut!
The LCM of 60 and 72? 8 72= 2 4 2 2 3 9 3

The LCM of 60 and 72? 60= 2 72= 2 360= 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

LCM Shortcut!
5