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CCNP4 Layer 3 troubleshooting

Halmstad University Olga Torstensson 035-167575 olga.torstensson@ide.hh.se

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Network Layer Overview

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Interior IP Routing

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Troubleshooting Static Routes

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Troubleshooting Static Routes

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Debug ip routing

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Common Routing Problems

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Isolating the Problem


The first step is to isolate the problem.
Identify and document the symptoms

Some of the things to consider include:


Has anything in the network changed recently? Is there anyone currently working on the network infrastructure?

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Troubleshooting Commands
Commands used in this example and some of the commands that can be used for other routing protocols include: show ip interface show ip interface brief show ip eigrp interfaces show ip ospf interface debug ip routing debug ip rip debug ip igrp transactions debug ip eigrp debug isis adj packets debug isis update-packets

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

RIP
Incompatible RIP Version Types Mismatched Authentication Key RIP Hop Count Limit Discontinuous Networks

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Troubleshooting EIGRP
Mismatched K Values (K1 for bandwidth , K2 for load , K3 for delay , K4 for reliability, K5 for reliability) Mismatched AS Numbers Stuck in Active Duplicate Router IDs

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Common EIGRP Errors

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Troubleshooting EIGRP
Big show & Big D for EIGRP sh ip eigrp neighbors [ as_number | interface ] sh ip eigrp topology [as_number | active | pending | summary ] show ip protocols show ip route debug ip eigrp

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Troubleshooting OSPF - Neighbours


OSPF Neighbour state
Down Attempt Init 2Way Exstart / Exchange Loading Full

Possible reason for stuck in state


No info from neighbour Hello sent no reply 1 side blocking hello packet Normal on broadcast networks Access list, MTU size Neighbour sending bad packet

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Troubleshooting OSPF Adjacencies not coming up?


Layer 2 down OSPF no enabled Passive interface used Mismatched subnets Mismatched Hellos/Dead interval Mismatched authentication Mismatched Area Ids Mismatched Area types

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Troubleshooting OSPF missing routes

Routing protocols
Redistribution

Stub vs NSSA vs Totally stub


Default routes Summarisation

Route filters
access-lists

Virtual Links
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OSPF Mismatched Parameters


Mismatched Hellos/Dead interval Mismatched authentication Mismatched Area Ids Mismatched Area types

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External Route Installation Problems

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Route Summarisation Problems

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Troubleshooting OSPF Big show & Big D for OSPF

show ip ospf database show ip ospf neighbors debug ip ospf adj debug ip ospf events show ip ospf interface show ip ospf show ip route

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Common BGP Neighbour Problems

Directly connected EBGP neighbours not initializing Non-directly connected EBGP neighbours not initializing IBGP neighbours not initializing

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Directly Connected EBGP Neighbor Problems

Directly connected EBGP neighbors not initializing


Layer 2 is down incorrect neighbor IP address

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Directly Connected EBGP Session

AS109
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AS110
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Nondirectly Connected
Common causes for nondirectly connected EBGP neighbors not initializing are:
route to the nondirectly connected peer address is missing from the routing table. ebgp-multihop command is missing update-source interface command is missing

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Troubleshooting BGP Big show & Big D for BGP

show ip bgp show ip bgp neighbors show ip bgp summary

debug ip bgp [ A.B.C.D | dampening | events | in | keepalives | out | updates | vpnv4 ]

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Redistribution Problems with RIP

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Redistribution Problems with OSPF

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Redistribution Problems with BGP

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Documentation review
Define Problem Gather Facts Consider Possibilities Create Action Plan Implement Action Plan Observe results
No Yes
Troubleshooting tools 'show ...' 'debug ...' 'logging ...'

Si Si

Fixed ?

Document Process

Problem

Diagnosis

How Resolved

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Documentation review
Define Problem Gather Facts Consider Possibilities Create Action Plan Implement Action Plan Observe results
No Ye s
Troubleshooting tools 'show ...' 'debug ...' 'logging ...'

Si Si

Fixed ?

Document Process

Problem

Diagnosis

How Resolved

RouterA - interface S0/0 is shutdown

sh ip interface brief show running-config show protocols

No shutdown on interfaceS0/0.
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