\

THE

AMERICAN

SPELLING BOOK;
COXTAINING,

IHE RUDIMENTS
OF THE

ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
FOR THE

USE OF SCHOOLS
IK

THE

UNITED STATES.
Br A'OJB WEBSTER,
Esq.

THK REVISED IMPRESSION.

HARTFORD
PRINTED BY HUDSON
1809.
e^*

GOODWIN,

Distriat of Connecticut^

m.

BE it rememhered^that on the
in the truenty-eigJith year

\^th day of March ^

of the Independence of the

United States of America^ Noaii Web step., Jzm. of said District^ esquire^ hath deposited in this office^ the Title of a Book^ the right whereof he claims as Author, in the wordsfollowing:, viz* "The American Spelling Book, contaming the Rudiments of the

English Language, for the

iise

of Schools in the

United

States,'* in

conformity

to the

Act of the Con-

gress of the United States, intitled, " An Act for the encouragement oflearning-i hij securing the copies

of Maps, Charts and Books, to the Authors and Proprietors of such copies, during the times therein
me?itiond"

CHARLES DENISON,
Clerk qf the District of CoTiiiecticut

"1 District of Connecticut, ss. District Clerk's Office. J

A true copy of Record.

Test.

Chakles Defison,

C/^r.^'

/f57<f

PREFACE
American Spelling Book, or First Part of a Grammatical Institute of the English language., when first published, encountered an opposition, \rhich few new publications have sustained with success. It however maintained its ground, and its reputation has
been gradually extended and established, until it has become the principal elementary book in the United States. In a great part of the northern States, it is the only book of the kind used ; it is much used lu and its annual sales the middle and southern States Its merit is indicate a large and increasing demand. evinced not only by this general use, but by a remark;

THE

able fact, that, in

many attempts made to rival it, the compilers have all constructed their ^yorks on a similar plan some of them have most unwarrantably and illegally copied a considerable part of the tables, with littlt. or no alteration ; and others have altered them, by ad;

ditions, mutilations

and subdivisions, numerous and per-

plexing.

In most instances, this species of Injustice has been discountenanced by the citizens of the United States, and the public sentiment has protected the original work, more effectually tiian the penalties of tlie
lav/.*

of the American Spelling Booh, since its first publjto more than two millions of copies, and they are annually increasing. One great advantage experienced in using this \v ork is the simplicity of the scheme of pronunciation/ which exhibits the sounds of the letters, with sufficient accuracy, without a mark over each vowel. The muldtude of characters in PeiTy's scheme tender it far too complex and perplexing to be useful to children, confusing the eye, without enlightening the understanding. Nor is there the least necessity for a figure over each vowel, as in Walker, Sheridan, and other authors. In ninelenths of the words in cur language, a correct pronunciation is better taught by a natural division of the syllables, and a direction for placing the accent, ihan by a minute and endless repetkioji cf char*
sales

The

cation,

amount

actors.

iy.

PREFACE,

Gratitude to the public, as well as a desire to furni&h schools with a more complete and wtll digested system of elements, has induced me to embi'ace the oppovtimity when the first patent expires, to revise the work, and give it all the improvement which tlie experience of

my own observations and reflectiorre In the execution of tliis design, care has bsen taken to preserve the scheme of pronunciaiioni and the substaixe of the foi^mer work Most of the tables, having stood the test of experience, are considered as susceptible of little improvement or amendment ^A few alterations are made, with a view to accommodate the work to the most accurate i-ules of pronunciation, and most general usage of speaking ; as also to correct sonxe errors which had crept into the work. perfect standard of pronunciation, in a living language, is not to be e5tpected ; and when the best English Dictionaries differ, from each other, in several hundred, probably a thousand words, where are we to seek for undisputed rules ? and how can we arrive at perfect uniformity ? The rules respecting accent, prefixed to the former work, are found to be too lengthy and complex, to aiiswer any valuable purpose in a work intended for The geograplitchildren ; they are therefore omitted. cal tables are thro^vn into a different form ; and the abridgment of grammar is omitted. Geography and Grammar are sciences tliat require distinct treatises, and schools are furnished witli them in almndance. It is beiixived to be more iisefiii to confine this work to its proper objects, the teaching of the first elements of the ianOn tlrls subject, the opii^uage, spelling and reading. nion of many judicious persons concurs M'ith my own.
many
teacliers, ajid

iiave suggested.

T];ie

improvenents made

in this

work, chieily consist

Some of them are ingreat number of new tables. tended to exhibit the manner in which derivative words, variations of nouns, adjective;^ and verbs, are z\\(^. the formed. The examples of this sort cannot fail to be very useful; as children, wlio may be v. ell acquainted v/ith a word in tlie singular number, or positive degree, may be peqilexed when they see it in the plural number, or comparative form. The examples of derivation, will acin a

FREFACE.
ousiom youth
llieir

V
in

lo observe the

manner,

fi'oni one radical Avord, minds to some knowledge of the formation of the langu,dge, and the manner in which syllables aro added or predxed to vary tlie sense of ^vords.

branches spring

which various and thus lead

In the familiar lessons ibr reading, care has been laken to express ideas in plain, but not in vulgar language and to combine, v/itli the familiarity of objects, usefid truth and practical principles. In a copious list of names of places, ri\ ers, lalvcs, niountainj, Sec. which are introduced into this work, no labor lias been spared tj<;xhibit tlieir just orthography mid pronunciation, according to the analogies of our language, and the common usages of the country. The orLliograpliy of Indian names has not, in every instance, been well adjusted by American authors. Many of these names still retain tlie French orthography, tound in the
;

writings of the first discoverers or early travellers ; bu-. the practice of vrriting such words in the French manner ought to be discoimtenanced. How does an unlettered American know the pronunciation of the names, oidsconsin or ouaba^chc^ in this French dress ? ^Vollld he suspect tlie pronunciation to be Wisconsin and Waubosh i Ocir citizens ought not to be thus perplexed with an orthography to which they are strangers. Nor ought the iiarsh guttural sounds of the natives to be retained in

such words as ShaMangunk, and many others. Where popular practice has softened and abridged words of this kind, the change has been made in conformity with the genius of our language, which is accommodated to a civilized people and Che orthography ought to be conformed to the practice of speaking. The true pronunciation of the namxcofaplace, is that w^hich prevails in and near the place. I have always sought for this, but am apprehensive, that, some instances, my information may not be correct. It has however been my endeavor to give the true i^ronunciation, in the appropriate- En;

glish characters.

The importance of correctness and luiiformity, in the several impressions of a book of sucU genera] use, has suggested the projiriety of adopting efiectual measilves

PREFACE.
;

and it is believed thftt such measures are taken, as will render all tiie future impressions of this work, uniforni in the pages, well exe-^ cutcd, and perfectly correct. In the progress of society and improvement, some gradual changes must be expected in a living language ; and corresponding alterations in elementary books of instruction, become indispensable : but it is desirable that these alterations should be as few as possible, for they occasion uncertainty and inconvenience. And although perfect uniformity in speaking, is not probably attainable in any living language, yet it is to be wished, that the. youth of our country may be, as little as possible, perplexed with various differing systems and standards.. Whatever may be the difference of opmion, among individuals, respecting a few particular words, or the partlcul-.r arrangement of a few classes of words, the general interest of education requires, that a disposition to multiply books and systems for teaching the language of the country, should not be indulged to an unlimited extent. Oil this disposition however, the public sentiment alone., can impose restraint. As the first part of the Institute met with the general approbation of my fellow citizens, it is presumed the lalx>r bestowed upon this work,- in connecting and improving the system, will render it still more acceptable to the public, by facilitating the education of youth, and enabling teachere to instil inlo their minds, with the first rudin^ents of the language, some just idea;s of religion,

to insure tsliese desirable objects

morals and domestic economy.

N.

W.

New-HavSn, 1861

ANALYSIS
IN

OF
THE

SOUNDS

jEJVGLISH LJA'GUJGE:

in its more limited sense, is the exr In a more genedrcssion of i-cleas by articulate sounds. ral sense, the word denotes all sounds by which animalexpress their feelings, in such a tnamier as to be unde^

LANGUAGE,

stood by their own species. Articulate sounds aic those vr.hich are formed by the
voice, in pronouncing letters, syllables and Mord^j and constitute the sfiokcn language, which is addressed to the ear. Letters are the marks of sounds, and the first ek ipents o^TJiitten language, which is presented to the cys. In a perfect lang;uage, every simple sound would be ex-^ pressed by a distmct character and no character would have m.ore than one sound. But languages are not thus perfect and the En.glish Language, in particular, is, in these respects, extremely irregular. The letters used in writing, when arranged in a certain qustomary order, compose what is called an Alphabet. The English Alphabet consists of twenty six letters, or single characters and for want of others, certain simple sounds are represented by two letters united.
; ;
;

^"'

human

The letters
g->

or single characters are,

1)

a,

b, e, d, e,

f,

h>

jj

k?

m,

The compound
are, ch, sh, th.
i^y '^Si

u, v, w, x, y, z. characters representing distinct sounds

n, o, p, q,
r,

s,

t,

is also a distinct sound expressed and another by s or z, as mfiidon^ cziire, which sound might be represented by zh. Letters are of two kinds, vowels and consonaiita. vowel is a simple articulate sound, formed without the help of another letter, by opening the mouth in a particular manner, and begun and completed with the same position of the organs as, c, e, o. The letters v/hich represent these sounds are six Qy e, /, 0, 7/, y. But each I of these characters is used to expi'ess two or mor-e sounds

There
;

^s in long

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

are the voAyel sounds in the Encjliyi as in late, ask, ball, hat, Avhat.

The following Languageof c,

of c, in mete, met. of i, in find, pit. of 0, in note, not, move. of w, in truth, but, bush. of I/, in chyle, pity. The vowels have a long and a short sound, or quai.^iy ; and the difterent quantities are represented by difThus. crent letters. ' '. . C when shortened, ? ^ * ' > by <r, as ni let. late, < , ' ' ' ) ^ ^ IS expressed

m
.

ec, in feet,
I

by by

z,

in

fit, i^

m pl-ly
and a
in

09, in pool,

by, in pull
c,

Sc

oo in v.ool.

\ji^

m hall,

in holly

wallow. That the sounds of a hi late and e in let are only a modification of the same vov/el, m.ay be easily understood by attenduig to the manner of forming the sounds ; for n. both words, the aperture of tlie mouth and the configuration of the organs are the same. This circumstance proves the sameness of the sound or vowel, in the two \rords, though differing in time or qu^mtity. consonant is a letter which has no sound, or an imThe consoperfect one, without the help of a vov/el. nants which are entirely silent, interrupt the voice by closing the organs ; as b, d, g hard, k, p, t, which are culled mutc^ ; as in eb, ed, eg, ek, ep, et. The consonants which do not entirely interrupt all sound by closing the organs, are f, 1, m, n, r, s, v, Zj which are all half vowels or semi-vowels. To these may be added the sounds of sh, th, zh, and ng, in esh, eih, e2di, ing, v/hich our language has no Gingle char-

racters lo e:{press.

dipthongis the union of two simple sounds uttered one breivtli or articulation. The two sounds do not for there are two different positions of rArictiy form one but the transition tht organs, and two distinct sounds fiom one to the other js so rapid, that the distinction is scarcely- perceived, and the sound is thei*efore considered Dipthongal sounds are sometimes cfas compound.
IP
; ;

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

D*

presented by two letters, as in voice, joy, and sometimes by one, as in defy ; the sound o-f z/, in the latter word, if prolonged, terminates in c, and is rea-lly dipthongal. A tripthong is a union of tliree vowels in a syllable ; but it may be questioned whether in any English word, we pronounce three vowels in a single articulation. In the woixl adieu, the three vovvcis are not distinctly sounded.

has but one sound, as in

is

bite. s

and

always sounded like k or

like a before
<?,

like

I',

before

a^ o artd

and

y.

Thus,

ca, ce, ci, co, cu, cy,

ka, se,
he.

si,

ko, ku, sy.

it is

At the end of words

always hard like

k,

as mjiiU'

followed by i or e before a vowel, the syllable slides into the sound of //; as in cetaceous, graciou^^, social, which are pronounced cetashus, grashus, soshal.

When

D
o/]

has only one sound, as in dress, bold.

its
it

F has

o\vn proper sound, as in life, fever, except

i^i

has the sound of v. before a, o, and w has always its hard sound, as in gave, go, gun. Before <?, / and y it has the same hard sound in some words, and in others, the sound ofy. But these varieties are incapable of being reduced to any general rule, and are to be learnt only by practice, observation, and a dictionary, in which the sounds are designated.

where

can liardly be said to have any sound, but it denotes an aspiration or impulse of breath, which modifies the sound of the following vowel, as in hcail, heave.
I is
is

a vowel, as in

fit

or a consonant as in bullion.

the

mark of a compound sound,or union

which
jelly.

may

of sounds, be represented by dzh, or the toft g, as in

K
ways

has but one sound, as

silent, as in

in

king

and before n

is al-

know.
It is silent before k^

h[isbut one sound, as in lame.

as in walk.

10

An Easy Standard of Praniinciation.

has-

M
N
^3 in

but one sound, as in

man

and

is

never

silent.

has but one sound, as in not, and

is silent after

hymn.
has one uniform sound, as in
has the power of
A-,

pit,

Q
ifi

and

is

always followed by

u^

as,

question.

has one sound only, as in barrel.

as in rose and the syllable has

S has the sound of c, as in so ; of z when followed by z preceding a vowel,

the seund of*//, as in mission
;

or

r//,

as in osier

T has its proper sound,

as in turn^ at the beginning of

words and end of syllables. In all terminations in tioiiy and ^m/, ^z, have the sound of /?, as in nation, nuptial; except when preceded by s or x, in which cases they have the sound of ch^ as in question, mixtion.

U has the properties of a consonant

on, imanimity, &c.

and vowel, m unilive,

has uniformly one sound, as in voice, never silent

and

i:

W has
X
has
ist,

t'-:e

power of a vowel,

as in dwell

or a conso-

nant, as in well, will.

or of 5*2:, as in exfollowed l)y an accented syllable beginning with a vowel. In the bcginnkig of Greek names, it has the sound of r, as in Xerxes, Xentlie
;

sound of ka^ as in wax

and

in other v/ords,

when

ojjhon.

Y is a vowel, as in vanity a consonant, as in young. Z

has
its

a dipthong,

as.

in defy

cs.^

own sound

usually, as in zeal, freeze.

tsh in v^ords

Ch
the

liave the

as in chip

some words of Trench oririnal, they have sound of .sA. as in machine and some ^vords of Greek
in

sound of

of English origin,

origin, the

sound of A:, as
tl\e

in cJiorus.
in laugh,

C;h have
in light.

sound of/, as

or are

siltr.t

<\^'

An Easy
Ph have

Standard of Pronunciation*
;

11

the sound of /, as in Philosophy Stephen, wiiere the sound is that of t^.

except in

nasal sound, as in sing ; but when <? follows the hitter takes the sound of y, as in range. In the words, longer, stronger, youngei^ the sound of the g is doubled, and the kst syllable is sounded as if written bng-ger, &c.

Ng have a

Sh has one sound

only, as in shell
cc,

supplied by ti, ci^ and cious, cetaceous.

but its use is often ; before a vowel, as in motion, gra-

Th

has two sounds, aspirate and vocal-

think, bath

aspirate,

as in

vocal, as in those, that, bathe.

Se before
scale scoff,

or 5, nounced,
r,

are pronoujiced hke sk^ as in : before f, z, j/, like soft as in scene, sceptic, science, scytliiaA. Thus proa, o,
r,

u and

sculpture, scribble

sea,

see,

sci,
si,

sco,
sito,

scu,

scy.

ska, se,

sku, sy.

Formation of Words and Sentences.

Letters forni syllables ; syllables fonii words, and words form sentences, wliich compose a discourse.
syllable is a letter or a union of be uttered at one impulse of voice.

letters, wliich

can

A word of one syllable

of two syllables of tliKee syllaliles of many syllables

is

called a monosyllable,

a dissyllable, a trissyliable. a polysyllable.

Of
Accent
is

Accenty Emphasis^ and Cadence.

a forcible stress or impulse of voice on a letter or syllable, distuiguishing it from others in the si\me word. When it falls on a vowel, it prolongs tlie sound, as in glory ; when it falls on a consonant, the preceding vowel is shoit, as in habit. The general rule by which accent is regulated, is, that Lhe stress of voice fialls on that syllable of a word, which renders the articulation most easy to the speaiter, and

12

An Easy Standard of P renunciation,

most agreeable

to the hearer By this rule has theaecentofniost Avords been imperceptibly established by

long aiid univers-:d consent.

a word consists of three or more syllables ease of speaking requires usually a secondary accent, of less forcible utterance than the primary^ but clearly distinguishable from the pronimcialion of unaccented s^vjiablcs ; as superfluity, literary. In many compound words, the parts of which are important words of themselves, there is very little distinction of accent, as ink-stand, church-yard. Emphasis, is a particular force of utterance given to a particular word in a sentence, on account of its impor-

When

the

'

tance.

Ca(fencc is a fall or modulation of the voice in reading or speakin.g, especially at the end of a sentence. Words art simple or compound, primitive or derivative.

simple word cannot be divided, without destroying

;

the sense

as

man,

child, house, charity, faith.

is

compound word

formed by

tM'O or

more words

as chimney-piece, book-bmder. Primitive words are such as are not derived, but constitute a ladical stock from which others are formed ; as

grace, hope, charm. Derivative %vords are those which are formed of a primitive, and some termination ov additional syllable ; as grace-less^, hope-ful, charm-ing, lui-welcomc. Spelling is the art or practice of writing or reading the

proper letters of a word; calle\:l also orthography. In foi-ming tables fcr learners, tlie best rule to be observed, guide tlie is, to divide the syllables in such a manner as to learner by the sound of the letters, to the sound of the words; that is, to divide them as they are divided in a
just pronunciation.

An Easy Standard of Prormnciatim.

Key
Long,
1

IS

to

thefoUovnng Work
Short aio, 5

name,

lute.

what,

e tw ee here, time, i
liijte, o uwrewiuiie,

feet.
f.nd.
fort,

o
6

5 was, not, from. Oo proper, 6 6

ixx)ni.

new.
dtfy.
Short,

o or oo move,

dry,

Oo
7 oo

Short.

2
a
e
i

2
hat.
let.

u
8
i

man, men,
pit,

7 7 book, stood, bush. full. Short u. 8 8

sir,

pin.

bird,

tun,

but

o
e 9

come,
her.

love.

glory.

Egypt.
atw.

Broad a or
3

3
baldj
cost,

3
tall,

c
10
i

Lo7zg 9 there,

a.

vem.
e,

Long
10
futigz^, futlgz^,
;

nought,

lb
i^kme,
voice, joy,

aw

law,

Flat

a.

'^^^ 4Ji)th*>ng

4
ask,

4
part.

^^

r dipthong; loud,

now.

EXPLANATION

of tee

KEY.

stands as the invariable representative of a ceruiii sounci. The Sgure I represents the long sound of the lettci's, a, e, i, o, v, or eiv, and y ; number 2, the short swincl of the same characters ; number 3, marKS the soimd of broad a, as in hall ; nunfibev 4, repreyenls tht sound of a, father; numlyjr 5, represents the short sound of broad a, as in not^ what ; number 6, represents the sound of o in movc^ commonly expressed oo ; number 7, represents the short souml of oo in rooty bwih ;

A figure

number

8, represents the

sound of u short, made by

e, ,

;14

An Easy
9,

Standard of Pronunciatien*

come^ pronounced hur^ burd cum j represents the first sound of a made by e, as in tfidr^udriy pronounced thare^ vane ; number 10, repreGents tli French sound of z, which is the same as e long. The sounds of the dipthongs oi and ou are not represented by figures these have one invariable scimd, and are placed before the words where they occur in the
aiid 0, as in her^ bird,

number

tables.

Silent letters are printed in Italic characters.

Thus,

in head, goal, bwild, people,

%ht,

the Italic letters have

no sound.
6",

when

printed in

like z, as in devise^

Tlie letter e at but serves often to lengthone, is almost always silent en a forego) Hi^ vowel, as in bid^ bide.; to soften c, as in notice. ; or to soften g^ as in homage ; or to change the sound of th from the first to the second, as in bath^ bathe. In the following work, when e final lengthens the fore: going vowel, that is, gives it its first sound, it is primed in a Roman character, as in fate ; but in all other cases it is printed in Itahc, except in table 39. clutrm ; except in the Ch have the English sound, as 38th and 39th tables. ^lle sounds of th in this and thou, are all distinguished in the 12th and 37tli tables; except in numeral adjec:

Italic, is not silent, but pronounced pronounced devize. the end of words of more syllables than
^

tives.

I'he sound of cw is invariably that of broad a, and that of (?7y nearly the same as u long. N. B. Although one character is siimcient to express a simple sound, yet the combinations e.e^ a^v^ ewj ooy are so well known to express certain soui\ls,that it was judged best to print both letters in Roman characters. Ck and
55 ai'e
alyr^e

also printed in

Roman

characters, though one

would be

sufficient to

express the sound.

An Easy Standard of PronunciatiGn,

IS

oc

An Easy
spla

Standard of Pronunciation. Lesson XII.

spli

17

sple

splo

splu

sply

spra
stra

spre
stre

spri
stri

spro
stro

spru
stru

spry
stiy

swa

swe

swi

swo
IL

swu

swy

TABLE
A
another iigure.

IVords of one syllable.

Note. figure placed over the first word, marks the soimd of the vowel In all that follow in that colunin, until contrailicted by

Lesson
Bag big
fag

I.

dig
fig

b6g dog
fog

cag

bug dug hug

^^^S

den hen

cap gap
lap
^^*^P

bit
cit

men
P^^
ten

hit

dot got hot

i^^
lot

%^Z hag
rag

%^% pig

^^
jog log

P^^
sit

mug
tug

wig
f6b job

wen Lesson IL
bid
fed led red"

rap tap
fop

wit
bet get

not

Min
can pan
ran

btd
had
lad

bid did
lid

hop
lop

^.

mob
rob sob
i^

mad
sad
'

hid

mop

van
Bgit

wed rid- top Lesson IIL

but cut let hut met nut yet put

:

gilt
hilt

melt
felt

bind blld hand bred

land
fled

milt
jilt-

brSg cl6d drag plod flag shod

stag

brftd

clad glad

pelt

sand

shed

trod

shad

Lesson IV,
Cl6g
flog

glut

frog

grog

bllb shut drab smut crab shn scab

chub damp bump bnd

club

camp
lamp

dmb

jump lend lump mend

grub vamp

pump

B2

send..

18

An Easy

Standard of Pronuuciati&n,

Lesson V.
Bind b6ld
find
cill
fall

bin
fill

hold
fold

bent dent
lent

best
lest

mind
kind
lyind

gall hall
tall
,

hill

nest
jest

brim grim skim

sold

kill

sent

swim
trim
dine
fine

gold

mill

went

pest

Lesson
bide
ride side

VL
cage page rage

Lace dice fade mace mice lade

trace

bake cake

nice
rice

pace

made make pine wade wide wage wake wine Lesson VII.
cope hope wipe rope type pope
pipe
ripe

Gale
pale
sale

cape rape
tape

dire hire
fire

date hate
fate

drive
five

hive
rive

vale

ape
file

wire

grate

Dote mote
note vote

Lesson VIIL dame fare bore

fame mare
.

bile
pile
vile

fore

came name

rare
tare

tore

bone cone hone

tone

no^e daye
hojero^e

wore
III.

TABLE
Blink
fiank
blfish

flush

frank

prank

plush crush
bliss

Bind
grand
stand
strand

dress press
stress

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation, Lesson JII.

Brake
drake
fiake

19

gl^'e

brive
crave grave
slave

henc*?

minc^
sinc^

bleed

spake

share snare spare

fenc^
penc<?
sens<?

breed
speed, steed

prince
rins^

And
act

fll

age

Lesson IV. Us rich less

ha^ hast hath

ink aim
fact aid

held
gift

duke mess mule

rule

life

wife
safe

apt
ell

kiss

fan
left

ice
ale

dull
till

miss time
tush

male
save here

ebb ^gg end

Glade
grade chave

add
elf

tune

self ace
els<?

will

ape pen
tract

well

hush mute desk maze

robe
biSck crack

Lesson V.
snake
glaze craze prate
slate

pact
plant

wave quake
stage

sang
fang

clank crank shank plank

cllmp

champ
cramp spasm
splash crash

match
patch
fetch

shape
sire

raHg
strife
fife

clump thump

vetch
strive

Lesson

VL
brick

Mine
spine vine gripe snipe
stripe

quire
spire

bride chide

trite

gKde

kick chick
click
lick

spike
splice
strike

mire smite
spite

quite ^*ride squire vice spike trice

ride

stick

wide

Lesson VIL
E^XLmjilea of the formation of the filural from the singular^ and of other derivatives.

name, names dame, dames

gale,

camp, camps
clamp, clamps kmp, lamps

slave,

slaves

brave,
stave>

braves

gales

stav^

20.-

An Easy
STo

Standard of Pronundatton.

21

figwesareplacedoverthe vowels in unaccented syllables, because they are short. It must be observed, however, that in unaccented terminating syllables, ahnost all vowels are pronounced Thus, like i and u sliort.

al is

pronounced

ul,
it,

raral rurvX^

et
.This
is

///et///it.

the general rule in the language; originating doubtless i and u are pronounced with a less aperure or opening of the mouth, with less excrtimis of the organs, and onsequently with naore ease than the other vow elis in these termilating syllables; for in order to pronounce them right, nothing nore is requisite than to lay a proper stress of the voice on the ao{5nted S)- llaWe, and pronounce the unaccented syllables with more ase and rapidhy When any of these terininations are accented, 15 some of them are, the vowel retains its own sound; z^cofnpel, ament, deprfss, 8ic. The ngures are placed over the vowels of the accented syllables ,nd one 6gure marks all the words thai follow, till it is contadicteid J another figure.
ronn this cause, that short
.

3a ker
3ri
ii

glory

er

der

ra
3ri

zy
er
el

ru

lial ii et

in ty
iy er
ira

per

fatal
fe

ver

5 nal 3a gi-ajit

3u ent
fo ciis
firii

gal

foei

22

va va ry

An Easy Standard of Pronundatwn-. grant cut ler ham let mut ter

An Easy Standard of Prominclation.

shep /zerd
shil ling

23

24

An Easy

Standard of PronunciaUim,

be hold

All Easy Standard of Pronufu latian, neg lect re press un bend re voIv<? eb struct re tract un fit re volt oc cur re trench un hing^ de spond of ienc^ ro bust un hurt un lock o mit ro manc(? un man con cert op press se dan de bar de fer

per mit por tend pre tend pre diet

-pro ject

se lect

de part
^is

subject sub mit sub tract

sus pensd"
trans act trans

arm

di vert in verse
in vert

dis card

em ba/m em bark
huz za un arm un bar
ab
iior

per vert per verse

re fer

pro tect pro test

re cant

en chant cend en larg^

trans gress

con fer de ter

infer
in ter
in tend

refit
re

trans plant
tre

lax

pan
apt

re mit

un

TABLE
Easy
voords

VI.

the first ,

of three syllables; the full accent on and a ^voeak accent on the third,

Cru

ci fix

cru el ty de cen cy
di a dem di a lect

drapery
droll e ry

du
flu
i i

ti fill

en cy

ro ny

vory
ness bra ry

si mon y ad a mant no ta YY stu pi ly am i ty nu mer al tu te lar am iies X^j' nu trim ent ^^a can cy ar ro gant overplus va gran cy bai' ris ter po et ry ab do men but ter y pri ma cy al le gro ben e fit pri ina ry ad mi ral big a my pu ri ty al co ran big ot ry re gen (^ an iiTi al but ter fly rudim ent an nu al cal.i CO

iu na cy

la zi
11

se ere cy

ac cid
al

eii

scrutiny

im

ent

cal.en dac cab in et

:26

An Easy
en ep

Standard of Prommciation.
ti
i

can is ter can ni bal can o py cap i tal

chast
cin
cit
i

ty

gram

len i ty lep ro sy
lev
i

es cu lent ev e ry
fac ul ty

ty

ped i gree pen al ty pen u ry

pes
ti

Jib er al
lib er ty

lent

ty

pil lo

ry

namon
zni
i

fac tor

Jig a
lit

ment prac ny

tic al

fam
fel

ly

lin e al

prin cip al

clar

fy

o ny

clas sical

fes tiv al
fin ic al
fish er

lit

er al

lit ur Jux u ry pyr a mid y cur ren cy gal lant ly man i fest rad ic al man i fold rar i ty cyl in der gal le ry den i zen gar ri sow man ner ly reg u lar mar in er rem e dy det rim ent gen e ral m.ed ic al rib aid ry ,dif fid ent gun ner y rev er end differ ent hap pi ness mel o dy dif fi cult her aid ry mem o ry rit u al imple ment mes sen ger riv u let dig ni ty im pu dent mil lin er sac ra ment dil i gent sal a ry div id end in ere ment mirt er al min is ter sat is fy dul cim er in di go in dus tr)^ mus cu lar sec u lar ec sta cy mys te ry sed im ait in fan cy ed it or sen a tor nat u ral in fant ry ef fi gy pan o ply sen ti ment in fi del el em ent instrument par a dox sen tin el el c gy em biis sy in te ger par a gon sev er al parallax -sillabub intellect ebony em bry o in ter est i>ar al lei sim il ar m e raid in ter Val par a pet sin gu lar sin is ter em pe ror in va lid par 1 ty slip pe ry pat ri ot jus J fy en e my ped ant xy sub si df leg a cy -en mi ty

clem en cy

pub lie an punc tu al pun gen cy

cler ic al

'

Ah Easy Standard of Pronunciation, sum ma ry ur gen cy hos pi tal prod gd

i

supplementwag gon

er lot te ry

prod

gy

sym me

try wil der ness

tarn a rind

har bin ger

men u ment prom in ent nom in al prop er ty

pros o dy prot est ant quad ru ped qual i tf quan ti ty quan da ry
cir
ti

tapestry harmony ocular tem po ral harpsichord oc cu py of fr cer ten den cy cod i cil or a tor ten e ment col o ny com e dy or i gin ter ri fy
or na ment ic al con ju gal or re ry con tin ent otto man typ ic al contraband pol i cy tyr an ny vag a bond con tra ry pol i tic van i ty doc u ment pop u lar
tes ta
tit

>

ment com

lar

fy

mer cu ry

vic tor
vil la

y ny

di"op sic al

glob u

lar

per fi dy per ju ry per ma nent pov er ty per tin ent pon der ous reg u late
i

vin e gar

gloss a ry

prob

ty

tcr

ma gant

TABLE
A bdse ment
a gree ment al li ance
al

VIi:

JEasy words of three syllables actcnted on the

second,

lure
ri

ment

ap pa rent
ar
val

de CO rum de ni al de cri d de port ment de po nent

die ta tor di plo ma

im

pm dent oc ta vo op po nent
^

poma mm pri me val

re ci tal

"

maze ment at one ment

CO e qua! con fine ment

re

li

anc^

en rol ment entice ment

e qua tor he ro ic
il

re qui tal re vi val

spec

ta

tor

coil trg| Icr

de

ci

pher

k gal

sub scri bcr survivor

28

An Easy

Standard of Prominciation,
di

tcs ta tor tes ta trix

ti'ans la tor

min ish

pro tect or

dis sent er

pu
re

is

sant

trans pa rent
tri

dis tern per dis tin guish

dimd ant re fresh ment

relinquish
re luct ant

bu

nal

di ur nal

ver ba tim vol ca no ui#e qual

un mindful a. ban don

ac cus torn af feet ed ag gress or a mend ment

dog mat ic do m.es tic dra mat ic e jcct ment

re

mem

ber

re plen ish re plev in

em bar rass em bel lish em pan nel

en camp ment
e<]uip ment er rat ic es tab lish

pug nant pub lish romantic

re

re

se ques ter

ap j>ar el ap pend ix as cend ant

as sas sin

spe cif ic sur ren der to bac CO

trans cend ent trans gress or
tri

hys
in in
in

ter ic

in ces sant

as
at

at tach

sem blv ment

clem ent

umph ant

cum bent
hab
it

tend ant be gin ning be wil der CO hab it col lect or con sid er con tin gent

in sip id
in trin sic

brelja a bol ish ac com plish-

um

in val id

ma lig nant mo nas tic

noc tur nal pa cif ic pe dant ic

ad mon ish as ton ish de moi ish di^ ^olv ent

con tract or de cant er de lin quent de liv er de mer it de tach ment di lem ma

po lem

ic

im mod est im mor tal im pos tor im prop er

in

pre cept or pre tend er pro hib it

prolific-

con stant

in sol vent

im mor al un god ly

2^ Standard of Pronunciation TABLE VIII. Easy ivords of three syllables^ accented on the frst and third.

An Easy

AL

mode
tee

o ver

taive

in cor rect

dev o

dis a gree dis es teem

rec on cile ref u gee

in ter

mix
run

\'er

dom neer imr ma ture

i

su per sede su per scribe

vol un teer un der mhie ap pre hend

o ver turn rec oi lect

rec

om mend

im por tune in com mode

in
t'er

cede

in tro

duce

mis ap plymis be have

con de scend con tra diet dis pos sess

in di rect

rep re hend su per add un der stand un der sell

dis

dis

con cern' con nect

TABLE
Easy
njdords

IX.

offour

the firsts

and

the full accent on the half accent on the third.

syllables^

Lumi na ry mo ment a ry
nu ga to ry
bre vi a ry lo cu ra cy c cri mo ny ad mi ral ty ad ver sa ry
al
i

dil a to

ry

preb end a ry
pref a to ry pur ga to ry

ep i lep sy em.is sa ry
ig no min y in ti ma cy
in tri ca. cy

in vent o ry man da to ry

mo ny

alle go rycer e mo ny cus tom a ry del i ca cy dif fi cult y

mat ri mo ny mer ce na ry
mis
mil
pat
eel la
i

u ta ry sane tu a ry sec re ta ry sed en ta ry Stat u a ry sump tu a ry ter ri to ry

sal
,

ny
ny

tes

ti

mo ny
ta

ta ry

trib

ry

ri

mo

per

emp to ry >

plan et a ry

sub lu naxy>

C2

^ J

An Easj
te ry

Standard of Pronunciatwn,

c6n tro ver sy

prom on

men as
ob
sti

prom
last.

is

na cy so ry

vol iin ta ry ob du ra cy

con tu ma cy con tu me ly drom e da ry com ment a ry com mis sa ry

to ry

The words het-e'ro~dox,lin-e-a-ment, pat-ri-ot-wm, sep-tu-a-gint, have the full accent on the first syllable, aud the half accent on the

TABLE
Easy waras ofJour
second.

X.

syllables accented on the

A
ar

e ri al
i

ob scu
al

ri

ty

cap

an nu
cen tu

ty

mo ri
ri

on

ob tain a h\e pro pri e ty se cu ri ty

tiv 1 ty ce lib a cy ci vil i ty

cli

mac

ter ic

so bri e ty col le gi al nic ant va cu i ty com ni ty va ri e ty com

CO in cid ent
col lat e ral

mu mu

con gru i ty con nu bi al

cor po re
ere
al

ab surd

ty

du

li

ty

ac tiv 1 ty ac cess a ry ac cess o ry

cam par is on com pet it or com pui so ry

conjee tur al con spir a cy con stit u ent de cliv i ty de Iin quen cj, de prav i ty
di

cri te ri

on

e le gi ac fu tu ri ty

ad min is ter ad vers i ty a dul te ry

an af fin
i ty a nal o gy a nat o my an tag o nist

gram ma
gra tu
his to
Xi
i

ri

ty

am

e ter
i i

n
ri

bra

an an

dis par
di vin

ty ty

ma te ri al ma tu ri ty me mo ri al

ar til le ry a vid i ty bar bar i ty brutal Lty mer cu ri al Ut rage diss ly ea lam i ty

effect u al e lee trie al em p}T c al c pis CO pal

e pit o

me

An Easy
qulv a lent quiv o cal e van gel ist e vent u al
e e

Standard of Pronunciation.

31

ho
nil

bil

ty
ic al

ve nal
VI cin

mer

ty ty

om

fa tal
fer
fes tiv
fi

ty

nip o tent par tic II lar per pet u al

a p6l o gy a pos ta cy
as trol o as tron o bi

til i
i

ty
ty ty

po lit ic al po lyg a my
pos-ter
i

^ my
i

og

ra

phy

ty for mal i tv pre cip it ant fru gal i ty pre die a ment gram mat ic al pro fund i ty ha bit u al pros per i ty hos til i ty ra pid i ty re cip ro cal hu mani ty re pub lie an hu mil ity sab bat ic al i den ti ty im mens i ty sa tan ic al im ped im ent scur ril i ty ju rid ic al se ver i ty sig nif ic ant le vit ic al se ren i ty Ion gev i ty ma lev o lent sin cer i ty so lem ni ty ma lig ni ty m'l len ni su prem a cy mo ral i ty ter res tri al mu nif i cent tran quil li ty na tiv i ty ty ran nic al ne ces si ty va lid i ty
del
i

com mod ty con com it ant de moc ra cy

de spond en cy
e con o

my
ri

ge

om

e try

hy poc

sy

ma jar i ty me trop o lis

mi nor
i

ty
in ate

mo
pre

nop o \y

dom
i

pri or

ty

tau tol o

gy

um

ver bos i ty ad vir si ty di ver si ty e ter ni ty hy per bo le pro verb i al sub serv i ent

TABLE XI. Easy words of/our syllables; the full accent 07i. the thirds and the half accent on thefirsts An tc ce dent com ment a tor
ap par ra tus

me

di a tor

S1
sa cer
sii

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation^

do
tal

mem
o
ri

per vi ^or ac ci dent al

ar
cal

o mat
i

ic

man co
ment
al

o ran dum^ ent al or iia rnent aL pan e gyr ic pred e ces sor
sri

det

ri

en

ti ic

en er get ic fun da ment in nu en do

al

sys tern at ic cor res pond ent

hor

zon

tal

mal e
mar^ i
at

fac tor
fest

o
ic

mos pher

u ni ver sal un der stand ing o ver whelm ing

0^ Having proceeded througk tables, composed of easy woids from one to four syllables, let the learner begin the following tables^ which consist of more difficult words. In these the child will be
much
assisted by a

knowledge of the

figures

and the use of the

Italics.

of the easy
otber.

If the instructor should think it useful to let his pupils read some lessons, before they have finished spelling, he may divide their studies let them spell one part of tlie day, and read the

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

tray-

33

34
sheaf

An Easy

Standard oj Pronunciation^

An Easy
I

Standard of Pronunciation.

3f

56

Jf

Jn

38

An

An Easy
spool

Standard of Pronunciation,

%^

49

Jn Easy

Standard of Pronunciation.

clomi^

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

MONOSYLLABLES i^TH.
The following have
the first sound in thick, thin.

of th^ viz, as

Throw

42

An Easy Standard of Promnciamn.

haiie the second sound

The following
ThAne

of th, as

in

thou.

bhthe wreath
writhe sythe seethe
bre^^the
tlifs

that

The noun \tet\ has the first sound of th, and the verb to tteth its 5:cond sound. The same is observable of twuth and to trwutb. both heads. Tlxis is the reason why these words are found under The words m^Mh, moth, cloth, oath, path, svoath, bath, lath, have
*
^

Tlie first

sound of f^ in the singular number, and the second

m the

pluval.

Examples of the formation ofplurals, and other

derivatives.

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

sky,
skies
toe,
I

45

toes
I

buy,
sigh,
flight,

buys
sigh^
flights

foe,

foes

bowl, rogue,
post, host,
toast,

bowls rogues
posts hosts
toasts

bow, bows glow glows

flow,

light,

lights

flows

sight,
life,

sights
lives

blow, blows

coast,

coasts

wife,

wives

snow, snows hoes hoe,

foal,

door,
floor,

doors
floors

knife, knives

foals'

oar,

oars

TABLE
Lessons of easy words ^
to

XIII.
teach children to read^

and to know

their duty.
I.
:

Lesson

NO man may put

My O

the law of God joy is in his law all the day. may I not go in the way of sin ! Let me not go in the way of ill men,
off*

IL

A bad man is a foe to the law

joy to do ill. All men go out of the way. can say he has no sin ?
It is his

Who

IIL

The way
But
if

of

man

is

ill.
:

My son do as you ai'e bid

you
are bid,

do no ill. See not my sin, and let me not go to the IV. Rest in the Lord, and mind his word.

pit,

My

You must

son, hold fast the law that is good. not tell a lie, nor do hurt,

We must let no man hurt us.

44

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

V.
as well as

and do no harm. and do so too. Help such as want help, and be kind. Let your sins past put you in mind to m^nd,
can,

Do

you

Mark

the

man

that doth well,

VI.
I will not walk with bad men, that I may not be cast off with them. I will love the law and keep it. I will walk with the just and do good.

VII.

This life is not long no end.

but the. life to come has

We must pray for them that hate us. We must lve them that love not us. We must do as we to be done tOa
likfe

VIII.

A bad

life will

make

a bad end.

He must live well that will die well. He doth live ill that doth not mend.
In time to come

we must do no
IX.

ill.

can say that he has done no ilL For all men have gone out of the way. There is none that doth good no not onej If I have done harm, I must do it no more,
;

No man

X.
Sin will lead us to pain and woe.

Love that which is good and shun vice. Hate no man, but love both friends and foes* bad man can take no rest^ day nor night

An Easy Standard of Pronunctation.

45

XL
He who came
all

A
flee

to save us, will wash us from sin ; I will be glad in his name. good boy will do all that is just ; he will

from vice

he will do good, and walk in

world, nor the things that arc

the

way of life. Love not the

world
;

in the

for they are sin.

I will not fear v/hat flesh can

do

to

me
:

for

my trust is
He
Be
is

him who made the world nigh to them that pray to him, and
in

praise his

name.

xn.
good child mind your book; love your scliool, and strive to learn. Tell no tales call no ill names you must
a
;

nor swear, nor cheat, nor steal. use no ill words at Play not with bad boys play spend your time well live in peace, and
not
lie,
; ; ;

This is the way to make good men love you, and save your soui from pain and woe.
shun
ail strife.

be good at home, and ask to read his book; when he gets up he will wash liis haixds and face clean; he will comb his hair, and make haste to school; he will not play by the way, as bad boys do.
will

He

xm. A good child will not He,

swear,

nor steaL

XIV.

When good boys

will

mind

their

and read well, schooL

and girls are at school, they books, and try to learn to spell and not play in the time of

4S"

An Easy
;

Standard of Pronunciation.

W^en they are at church, they will sit, kneel^ or stand still and wh(n they are at home, will read some good book, that God may bless them.
XV.
As
for those

boys and

girls

that

mind not

and love not the church and school, but play with such as tell tales, tell lies, curse, swear and steal, they will come to some bad end, and must be whipt till they mend thei# ways.
their books,

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. 47 mel on grav el blud geon dam ^on grum bl<? mer it dan gl<? bel lows
bis Quit
brit \\c

dac

tyl

gz/in

e2i

min
mis mis

gi<?

de/7t

or

gud geon
hand ful habit
has soc hav oc

tress
chid-f

buck ram
bus He

dim pk
dis tanc^

cam

el

dcub

\e

cap ric^ eap tarn

ceii-sur^

driv ea

chap

el

chas ten cher ish

dud geon heif er nev er dun ge^n he^v y deunk ard hin dranc^ nim h\e hu^ baiid pad lock dust y
ec logw^ en gine

musk et mu^ lin mus ter mar ri^ge

hum bk
husk y

pamph
pen
j)es ter

let

chim

xij

anctf

'car ry

car Yiage cis tern

cit

en si^ en trails
er ror fash ion

im
in
ist

ag(f

in stanc(?

ward

phren zy pis mire

clam or
clean ly

fam

ish

fas set
fat ten

cred it crev ice

crick et crust y crys tal cup hoard. cus torn
-crib

fes ter

plan et ple^5 ant ]owc nal pe^5 ant judg^ ment pin cher^ prat tie i^nuck \e
je^^l oxis

mus

fer Yiage
fid die

^nap sack
Jan guag^ Ian gtior

pun puz
pic

ish
tXc
chasff

flag
fi'ec

on
kl^

tur<?

land lord
lev el

pur

frus trate

prac tice
phxh'is ic

bag^

cul tur^ coMs cut kiss

fur lough fran chis^

lim

it

lus ter

punch

e^

dam
dam

ao-i^

ges tur^ gant let gin p.e

glis ten

lunch
-

<fon

quick en

mad am
mal
ic^

ram
rat

bl^

rap id
tldf

dim ask
5el

man
mas

g\e
tiff

grand rar

reb

el

48
rig or ri^ ^n riv er
riv et

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciation.
dsiugh ter
a?/

rel ish

tav ern ttmpt er

tumn
y

ten ant till ag^

tip pl^

fa?^lt

mark et mas ter mar quis

par c^l

for tress
for tune
gaf/

par don
par lor part ner pas tur^
ps?ilvci ist

ruffle rts in

tres pass

dy

sam

pl^

geor gic twink ling gorg^ ous

troub
le

sa/m on
satch el

trans port

law rel

scab bard
SC'lS

SOYS se^^n ni^At vint ag^

trim cheon lord ship hatfgk ty ven om ing ven tur(?

scar let
slan der
al
al

mom

so

step ter

spec ter
scrib b\e

scuf ^e
sin

way morr gag^ bon lire nmigh ty cob ler Yis ag^ clo5 et saw yer Yict uals col league veiig^ ance tor ment

mor

tal

VIS

it

ew
pl^

sim
sin

vin<?

venf son yard

conid?

wa

ter

gk

wel

saw cy saw cer

com et com mde

con qwer cock swain con duit cop y con trite
cof
fin

step tic

wed

lock

smug gle span gk

spig ot
spit
tl<?

wick ed
luran
litres

an barb er

s=ii>er

gk
tk

wrap per
lurist

brac^ let cart er

cham ber
craft

spin die

band

doc
ilor

tr in

sup pk suk le
star gean

we^p on wid gean

ze^^l

char coal
flask et

id
di(?

fon
for^

ot

sur geon tal ent

tal

zeal ous
zepli yr
slaz/fA ter

on

tan

gk

tat tie

bor der COT ner

gar land gAast ly gar ment harlot har vest jawn dic-^

htad

frol ic
fal

chfon

gTog ram gos lin hogs hejd

Jn Easy
horn
2Lge

hon

est

45 Standard of Pronunciation. el shov coop er spoil dee squir rel cuck oo wan der
wail ton

/ion or

^Mowl ed^e ^vwc rant squan der hal lo^ yon der lodg er

ver mill ver diet ver juce vir tu^

vir gin

wor

ship

won
ou

der nhigh bor

gloom y mod est mod em wo man mon Straus boo by

nov nov
el

kern el con jur^ cov er

cir cuit

wool len
JDusli el

coun cil coun er coun ty

dou^-^ ty diow sj

ic^

prof fer

prog ress

prom

is^

bo som bush y worst ed

cush ion bul let bul lock bully bul wark

firkin com pass

com
dirt

fort

bor Gugh

mount am show er
fiov/

pros pect pros per

gov ern
lion ev

quad rant quad rate squad ron

stop pag^

bow pow
oy

er er er

sov^ refill
stir

rup

voy age

butch er

skir

mish

TABLE XV.
Lesson
laid in the dust.
I.
all

THE time will come when we must

Keep thy tongue from
guile.

)C

ill, and thy lips from Let thy words be plain and true to the

tnoughts of tiie heart.

vex or hurt those tliat sit a bad boy, and will meet witli foes let him go where he will ; but he that is kind, and loves to live in peace, will make friends of all that knoAv him.
that strives to
is

He

laext

him,

-I

50

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciamn.
I
'.

A clown will not make a bow, nor thank you

give him what he wants ; but he that is A\'ell bred, will do both. He that speaks loud in school will not learn his own book well, nor let the rest learn theirs but those that make no noise will soon be wise, and gain much love and good will.
II.

when you

Shun the boy that tells lies, or speaks bad words; for he would soon bring thee to shame.j love or He that does no harm shall gain the whole school but he that strives to hurt

^e

the rest, shall gain their

ill

will.

He that
school,
shall
is

lies in

bed when he should go to

not wise; but he that shalces off sleep

have praise.
;

He is a fool that does not choose the best for bad boys will boys when he goes to play cheat, and lie, and swear, and strive to make iiim as bad as themselves. Slight no man, for you know not how Soon you may stand in need of his help.
HI.
If you have done ^vrong, own your for he that tells a lie to hide it, makes it He that tells the truth is a wise child; that tells lies, will not be heard when he
tlie

'

fault;

worse.

but he
speaks

truth.

make no noise, and mind your book ; for %vhat you learn will do you good, v^hen you grow to be a man. Play no tricks on them tliat sitnext you ; for
are at school,
seat,

When you

but keep your

^f

51 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. you do, good boys will shun you as they would I dog that they knew would bite them. He that nurts you at the same time that I-^e ;alls you xiis friend, is worse than a snake in the
^rass.

Be kind

to

all

men, and hurt not

thyself.

A wise child loves to learn his book, but

hoX would choose to play with toys^

the

IV.
keeps such a hold of some boys, that hey lie in bed v/ben they should go to school )ut a boy that vvants to be wise will chrive sleep ar from him. Love him that loves his book, and speaks For such a ^ood Vv'ords, and does no harm riend may do thee good all tlie days of thy life. Be kind to all as far as you can ; you kao^7 and he lot how soon you may want their help hat has the good will of all that know^ him shall lot want a friend in time of need. If you w^ant to be good, wise and strong, ead w ith care such books as have been made >y vv^ise and good men think of wiiat you read be brisk at play, but do n your spare hours iot swear ; and waste not too much of your ime in bed.
Slctfh
:
;

TABLE
\.z

XVI.
a
stra_y

IVords oftmio syUahks^ accented on the second.

quire base

affair

ap pro^ch
ar

buje
dzVu

af fri^At a gainst

rai^

a ri^e
as

a vail a wake a

mu^e

si^

way

52
ally

An Easy

Standard of Profwnciaiion,

An Easy
avoid

Standard of Pronunciation.

BS

rejoice-

compound propound
con found sur mount al low de vour ac count a bound pro >iiounc^ an nounce? re nounc^ ca xqmsc

em

broil

sub join
dis joint

en joy de stroy de coy pur loin

ou
a

mount

a bout

TABLE^VII.
E:4amples of words derived from their roots or
primiti'ces.

Example
Prim.
Deriv.

I,
Prim.
Derim.

Prhn,

Ihfw.

Rain,
rust,
leaf,

rain-y rust-y
leaf-y

grass, grass-y froth,

glass, giass-y
ice,

froth-y

stick,

stick-y

pith-y length, lengthpith,

slight, slight-y

drouth, drouth-y si-zy frost, frost-y chill, chiU-y snov/, snow-y chalk, chalk-y
i-cy
size,

fog,

fog-g>'

down, down-y
gloss,
vv^orth,

storm, storm-y
Plural nouns of

wood, wocd-y room, room-y

gloss-

w^or-thy

Example
two
syllable,

II. formed from the singular of OEe

syUaUe.

lace,
face,

la-ces

fa-ces

brush, bnish-esjhouse, hous-es price, pri-ces church, church- es

slice,

pace,
trace,

pa-ces
tra-ces

sli-ces

box,
tierce,

box-es
tiep-ces

spice, spi-ces

cage,

page, nose,

ca-ges grace, gra-ces verse, vers-es pa-ges press, press-es lodge, lodo:-es no-ses dress, dress-esjwatch, watch-es^

rose, ro-ses maze, ma-zes noise, nois-e^ curse, curs-es iish, fish-es voice, voic-es purse, pui:s-es horse, hors-es charge, charg-e& surge, surg-esi corpse,corps-essense, sens- eg

E^2^

54
loss,

AfiEasy Siajidard ofPronimciation.

loss-es

cause,
farce,

caiis-es

frmge, frin-ges

arch,

arch-es cheese, chees-es

ridge, ridg-es course, cours-es dance, dan-ces

III.
and called
Participlss.

far-ces

Example
Wca-ds formed by adding ing
call,

to verbs,

call-ing

al-lay,

al-lay-ing

air,

air-ing
faint-ing
feel-ing

faint,
feel,

corn-plain, com-plain-ing al-low, al-low-ins:

fin-ish,

fin-ish-ing

see,

beat,

see-ing beat-ing
Words
in

lav-ish,

lav-ish-ing

glim-mer, glim-mer-ing
omitted in the
dei-ivative.

which

e final is

change,
glance,
praPxCe,

chang-ing
glanc-ing pranc-ing grac-ing giv-ing

ex-change, ex-chang-ing
dis-pose
con-verse,

dis-pos-ing
con-vers-iiig

gen-er-ate, gen-e-rat-ing

grace,
give,

con-vmce
op-e-rate,
dis- solve,

hedge,
style,

hedg-ing
styl-ing

con-vinc-ing op-e-ra-ting
dis-solv-ing
im-i-tat-ing

solve,
tri-flc,
ri-fle,

solv-ing
tri-fiing
ri -fling

im-i-tate,

re-ceive,

per-ceive,
prac-tice.

shuf-fle

shuf- fling

re-ceiv-ing per-ceiv-ing prac-tic-ing

Example. IV.
The manner of
adding
'

expressing degrees of comparison in qualities, b]

or r and st;
Superl.

er

and
~

est,

called

Positive, Comparative,

am

Superlative.

Pos.

Comp

Fos.

Camp.

Superl.

gi-eat, great-er, great-est

wise,

wis-er,

wis-est

np-er, ri^vest kind, kind-er, kind-est ripe, rar-er, rar-est bold, bold-er, bold- est rare, rich, rich-cr, rich-est grave , grav- er, grav- est near, near-er, near-est chaste, chast-er,chast-es cold, cold-er. cold- est brave, brav-er, brav-est
wanii,warm"rwarni-est|vile,
vil-er,

vil-est

An Easy
Words ending
red-dish,

Standard of Pronunciation.

55

Examples V.
in tsb, ex^jressing a degree of quality less than the
positive.

red,

red-der,

red-dest

browR-ish,
whi-tish, green-ish,

brown,

brown-er,
whi-ter,

brown-est

white, green, black-ish, black, blu-ish, bkie, yel-low-ish, yel-low,

whit-est green-er, green-est black-er, black-est biu-er, bki-est yel-low-er, yel-low-est

Example
Formation of verbs in the
Sin^lar number.
3

VL
thi ee persons.

12
you

Present Time.
Plural.

I love,

thou lovest
iove,

he loveth ^ 1 love 3 ^^ loves, / 2 ye or you love she loves l 3 they love

')

We

it

loves,

^ \

I grant, thou grantest,

^ he granteth,
3 ^^ grants,

We graixt

you

grant,

f ye or you she grants, C grant ^ they grant it grants,

Past Time.

I loved, thou lovedst

1 he loved, ^
it

We loved

you loved, 5 she loved > ye or you loved

loved, ) they loved

TABLE

XVIII.
;

Familiar Lessons, Dog growls and barks a cat mev/s and purrs a cock crows a hen clucks and cackjes; an ox lows a bull a bird chirps and sings bellows ; a lion roars ; a horse neighs ; an ass

56

An Easy

Standard of Fronunciation.

brays ; a whale spouts. Birds fly in the air by the help of wings; snakes crawl on the earth without feet ; fishes swim in ^vater, by means of fins beasts have feet, with hoofs or claws, to walk or run on land. All animals are fitted for certain modes of living. The birds which feed on flesh, have strong claws, to catch and hold small animals, and a hooked bill to tear the flesh in pieces ; such is the vulture and the hawk. Fowls which feed on insects and grain, have mostly a short
;

<

strait bill, like the robin.

Those which

live

have long legs for wading, or long bills for seizing and holding their prey, like the Fowls which delight heron and fish liawk. chiefly to fly in the air, and light and build by nests on the trees, have their toes divided which they cling to the branches and twigs ; those which live in and about water have webfish,
,

on

bed
for

feet, that is, their toes united by a film or skin, so that their feet serve as oars or paddles

swimming.
wolf, the lion, the

See the dog, the cat, tlie panther and catamount ; what sharp claws and pointed teeth they have, to seize little animals, and tear them in pieces But see the gentle cow and ox, and timid fheep these useful anthey have no claws, imals are made for man, they have only blunt teeth in nor sharp teeth, the under jaw, fitted to crop the grass of the they feed in quiet, and come at the call field: Oxen submit to the yoke, and plow of man. the cow returns the field, or draw the cart home at eveningj to fill the farmer's pails with
!

Easy Standard of Pronunciation. and milk, the wholesome food of men;

A?i

57
tlie

sheep yields her yearly warm garments.

fleece, to furnish uswitli

Heniy,

tell

me the number

of days in ayear.

Three hundred and sixty five. How many weeks in a year? Fifty two. How many days What are they called ? in a week ? Seven. Sunday, Monday, Tuesday Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday Sunday is the Sabbath,

or day of rest, and called the Lord's day, being

How many hours devoted to religious duties. How many are there in a day? Tvv^entyfour. minutes in an hour ? Sixty, ai-id sixty seconds in a minute. Tim^e is measured by clocks and

The light of the watches, dials and glasses. sun makes the day, and the shade of the earth makes the night. The eai'th is round, and rolls round firom west to east once in twenty four
The day time is for labor, and tlie hours. Children shouki night for sleep and repose.
go
to

bed

early.

Charles,

how

is

the year

divided?

Into

months and seasons. How many are the months? Twelve calendar months, and nearly thirteen lunar months What are the names of the calendar months? January, February, Mai'ch, April, INIay, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. January begins the year,

and the

first

day of that

month
little

is

called

New

Year's day.

Then people

express to each other their good wishes, and boys and girls expect gifts of liitle bocks, toys and plums. What is the lunar month ? It is the time from one change of the moon to

SS
a
half.

An Easy
which

Standard of Pronunciation.
is

anotlier,

about twenty nine days, and

John, what are the seasons? Spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter. The spring is so called from the springing or first shooting of the plants: when they put forth leaves and blossoms,

an nature is decked with bloom, and perfumed The spring months are with fragrant odors. March, April and May. The summer months ar June, July and August, when the sun pours
his heating rays on the earth, the trees are clothed with leaves and fruit, and the ground is

covered with herbage. The autumnal months are September, October and Novem.ber; which are also called/^//, from th^fall of the leaves. Now the fruits are gathered, the verdure of the the leaves of the forest turn red plants decays or yellow, and fall from the trees, and nature Then comes is stripped of her verdant robes. dreary winter. In December, January and Februar}^, frost binds the earth in chains, and spreads an icy bridge over rivers and lakes: the snow, with her white mantle, enwraps the earth; no birds fill the air with the music of their
;

notes; the beasts stand shivering in the

stall

and men croud around the fire-side, or wrap, ped in wool and fur, prepare to meet the chilling blast.

ADVICE.
Prefer solid sense to vaiii wit ; study to be useful rather than diverting ; commend and respect nothing so

muck

as true pietjr

and virtue

Let no jestintrude

to vio-

late ijood

maimers

n^ever utter

what may offend the

chastest ear.

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

59

TABLE

XIX.

fTords of three syllablesy the full accent on the firsts and the half accent on the third.
Note. In half accented terminations, ofe, ude, ure, ize, ute, ise, ule, ug, ide, the vowel has its tirst sond generally, thoug^h not dwelt
long, or pronounced with so much force a^ in the full acBut in the terminations ice, ive. He, the vowd has generally its second sound, and the final e is superfluous, or pronounced notis, nly softens c ; as notice, relative, juveiule, relativ, juvenil. In the former case, the final e is in Roman; and

upon so

cented syllables.

in the latter case, in Italic.

Di a phra^-in du pli cate

di a lo^ue

aid de camp go ti^m fa vor it^

for ci h\e
fre

quen cy

fQa glo

fu gi tiv^ SI h\e
ri

ri sy qui et ude rhew ma ti^m ru mnl ate scni pu bus se ri OMS spu ri ons su i cide suit a h\e

pku

am

or

ovis

an ec dote an ti quate ap ti tude an o d}Tie ap er ture

as y lum bev e rage

va

ri (?us

ous
i,?m

ni

form

he ro

u ^u ry
id jec tiv^ ag gi'a A^ate an a pest an im ate ap pe tite al ti tude ab die ate ac cu rate ad e quate
ac tu ate ag o nize al ge bra

ju bi lee ju ve nik
live
li

blun der buss cat a \ogue cal cu late can did ate can die stick
car a way eel e brate
cri't i

hood

lu bri cate lu era tiv^

ci^m
tar

cim e

lu die rous lu mill ous ni^At in gale

court e sy cul tiv ate dec alogatf

nu mer ons
o
di ous

dec o rate ded ic ate

def in
del
it^

pre vi ous

pa gan

i^ra

^ gate

An Easy Standard ofPr onunciatton* 60 dem on strate im pi ous pen te coet

der des des des des

o gate o late

po
ti

tism.

pe rate
tute

a gog^ ep aw lette ep i lo^ue

el

dem

in fa TCions in stig ate in sti tute in tim ate je^I d?us y

je(?p ar

per qui^

ite

phy^

ic al

jes
lat

dy samin^
tude tude

plen i tude pres byt er pre^ id ent pri^ on er priv i leg(?

las &i
i

o quench

el e ^^ate

lib er tin^
lit

em pha sis em u lows

en ter prize en vi ous ep i cure es tim at-e

ig ate
el

mack er

mag ni tude man u script

mas
sa cr^
i

ex
fab feb

eel lenc^

med cin^ med it ate

mis chfev ous

quer u bus par a sol ral le ry ran cor ons rap tur ons rav en ous rec ti tude rel a txve ren o vate
re qui^ it^ ren dez vous rep ro bate re5 i denc^
re^
ret
i
i

fas cin ate

u bus
ri

met a phor

fuge

mus^ mel on
ment ped a gogw^
novLT ish

flue tu ate

fur be low gen er o\xs

du^ nu^

pal

gen
^Qii

tl<?

man
ate

li ate pal pa bb

in^

pd

pit ate

gi'ad

gran a ry sphere hes it ate hand ker clil^f hur ri cane hyp o crit^ im ag^ ry

hem i

par a bb par a dise par a di^m par a phra^<i par a si^e par ent age par ox i.ym par ri cide

rev er enc<? rev er end r/zap so dy rAet o ric rid i cule

sac ri fice sac ri leg^ sal iv ate
sas sa fras
sat ir ize

scav en ger

An Easy
sens i bl^ Sep a rate ser a phim staf/t hold er stim u late
stip

Standard of Pronunciation, crock e ry la/^ da bidhor i zon pla// ^i bk Ion gi tude por phy ry nom-in ate arch i tect
ar
ar ar

61

late

gu ment ma ment
ti fic^

stren

u ous

sub ju gate sub se quent sub sti tute s}^n a gogue

bay o net
bcir

ba ri^m bar ba rous car din al

ob lig ate ob lo quy ob sta ck ob stin ate ob vi ons

om in
or

^us

sim
seep

le

car

pen

ter

op e rate op po site
i

cism syn CO pe
ti

sur ro gate syc o phant

syl lo

chan eel lor chan ce ry g7/ar di an

g/zast
lar ce
ii

fic^

^
.

prob a

bk

pop u bus
poj i live pot en tate prof li gate

ness

gi^m

ny

tan ta lize
tan ta
tel

mount

mar gin al mas quer ade

par par
al
al
ti

proph e cy
quar an tin pros e cute por rin ger pros per o\i& pros ti tute
sol e ci^-m

e scope

Sim

ten a bl^ tim o YOMS

tre<2ch er o\x^
trip lie ate

phar

ma

cy
r}'-

lia

ment

rasp ber

der

man

tur pi tude vas sal age vin die ate

bil let

ma nac bot a ny
col lo

sol

tude
i's

fniz/d

doux u lent

quy com pli ment

plai ^anc^

soph
vol a

try

tile

com

roq

zie

laur

cor di al cor po ral for feit ure for ti tude for tu nate

con sti tute con tem plate com pen sate con fis cate
cor o ner

torn a

hawk

per se cute per son age

prin ci pl^ serv i tude

62
ter

-dn

Easy
ate

Starirlard

of Pronunciation*
roy alty
cu

min

om pa ny
Com^
ness gov ern or
li

firm a ment

mir a ck circular
cir cir

governess
'

cum Gum

stance

oi

coim sel lor counterfeit coun te nance

spect poig nan cy

boun

ti

ful

TABLE

XX.
I.

hear the counsel of thy father, and iorsake not the law of thy mother. If sinners entice thee to sin, consent thou not. Walk not in the way vrith them ; refrain thy feet
son,

MY

Lesson

from

their path, for their feet run to evil, and haste to shed blood,

make

IL
not wise in thine own eyes but be humble. Let truth only proceed from thy m&uth. Despise not the poor, because he is poor ; but honor him who is honest and just. Envy not the rich, Follow peace but be content with thy fortune. with all men, and let w^isdom direct thy steps.
;

Be

III.

She is the man that findeth wisdom. Length of days is in of more value than rubies. her right hand, and in her left hand, riches and Her ways are pleasant, and all her pathg honor. Exalt her and she shall promote thee : are peace.

Happy

is

"She shall bring thee to honor, when thou dost embrace her.
IF.

of virtue are pleas-ant, and lead tc life ; but they v/ho hate wisdom, love death. There fore pursue the paths of virtue and peace, ther All my ^e safety and glory will be thy reward. light is upon the saints that are in the earth, aiic .upon such as excel in virtue.

The ways

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

63

TABLE XXL
Words of three
syllables, accented on the

second
'

chihv meiit con jec tur^ quaint anc^ con vuls ive ac de ben tur^ ap pr^i^ er de feet iv^ a-r rear age dis conr ag^ bias phe mer dis par ag<; con ta g/on di^ ^em bk oon ta g/ous cf ful gent cor ro siv(? en tan gk c^ur age ous ex cul pate de ce/t ful gym nas tic de ci siv^
dif fu sivf in qui ry e gre gmis

mis

^vis ion

pneii

mat

ics

pre ^ump tiv' pro due tiv<? pro gres sivc

re pills ive

re ten tive* re veng(? f^

r/ieii

stu

mat ic pend ows sub mis sivc

ab or

ef feet ive

me
ment
rjice

em bez zk
en d^av or ex cess ive

in dorsf?

im port
ini

en li^At en o bei sanc<?

out rage ous pro ce dur^

po

ta to^

ex ex ex ex

pens iv^
press iv^ tens iv^
.

so no reus

mus ke

to/?

cheq 2/er es cutch ton ho ^an na

il
i

pos tur;? per form vcace re cord er mis for tune ad van tage
a part

ment

dc part ment
Qis as ter

a brfdgd" ment ac /^noiyl edg^ ad ven tur^ af fran chi^e g grand ize
dis fran chi.^e

ius trate

am bus

em
re

in cen tiv^

bar go a pos lie

in cul cate
in dent ur^

mon
al

strate

sub

teni

in jus tic^
in vec
tiy<?

ap pren

tic<?

au turn nal bis sex tik

lieu ten ant

ac cou^ ter ma neu ver al t^rn ate

mo ment oiis
of fens ive op press ive

de

ter

min

com
cur

pul siv^

mud

gef?n

re he^rs al sub vers ive

64

jin

Easy Standard of Pronunciatioju

TJie follovi'mg are accented on the first

syllables,

and third

Ap

per tain
ti^e

con nois

sc^ur

em

ad ver

dis ap per7r

2& cer tain

con tra vene

can nonadc

en ter tain gaz et teer deb o nair

bra ^ure ac qui est^f co a les^^

mai^ con tent

coun

ter

mdnd

TABLE
Words not exceeding three Lessqn

XXII.
syllables^ divided*
I.

wick-ed flee when no man pur-su-eth; but tile right-e-ous are as bold as a li-on. Vir-tue ex-alt-eth a na-tion; but sin is a reproach to a-ny peo-ple. The law of the wise is a foun-tain af Kfe to de-

THE

from the snares of death. Wealth got-ten by de-ceit, is soon wast-ed ; but he that gath-er-eth by ia-bor, shall in-crease in
part
rich-es.
//.

I-dle-ness will bring thee to pov-er-ty ; but by m-dus-try and pru-dence fhou shalt be fill-ed with

bread.
are for-got-ten

Wealth rnak-eth ma-ny friends by their neigh-bors.

but the poor

pru-dent man fore-seeth the e-vil, and hid-eth him-self ; but the thought-less pass on and are punished.
III.

Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not de-part from it. Where there is no wood the fire go-eth out, and where there is no tat-ler the strife ceas-eth.

A word

'

fit-ly

spok-en

is like

ap-ples of gold

in

pic-tures of sit-ver.

An Easy SlarJard of Pronunciation

He
find mer-cy.

that cov-e.r-eth his sins shall not prqs-per, but he that con-fess-eth'and for-sak-eth them shall

IV.

but a child ; him-self bring-eth his pa-rents to shanie. Cor-rect thy son, and he will give thee rest ; yea ke will give thee de-light to thy soul. man's pride sliali bring him low ; but hon-or shall up-hold the hum-ble i>n spir-it. The eye that mock-eth at his fath-er, and scorneth to o-bey his moth-er, the ra-vens of the val-ley shall pick it out, and the young ea-gles shall eat it.
left to

The rod and re-proof give wis-dom

V.

the bless-ing of the up-right, the city is exalt-ed, but it is o-ver-thro\\Ti by the mouth of the

By

wick-ed

Where no coun-sel is, the peo-ple fall ; but in the midst of coun-sel-lors there is safe-t)'. The wis-dom of the prudent is to un-der-stand his way, but the fol-ly of fools is de-ceit. wise man fear-eth and de^pait-tth from e-vil j but the fool rag-eth and is con-fi-dent. Be nottiast-y in thy spir-it to be angry; for aj>ger rest-eth in the bo-som of fools^

'

TABLE^XIIL
Words
2
offoursyllahlt'S^ acccraed on thejlr<:\

des pi ca

Ad
am

mi

ra

bk

el

gi
pli

ac cu rate ly * i ca b\e ap pli ca bl^ ar ro gant ly

ex

cred it a bl? erim in ai ly

a tiv^ a bl^ pref er a bl^ fig u ra tiv^ ref er a b.^ lam ent a bb rev o ca bl^ lit er a ture mar ri^g^ a hie sump tu ous ly
es
ti

bk bh ma bLf

mij^ er a

bit-

nav
pal
pit
i

ga

bk

li

ca the

F 2

66

An Easy

spec u la tiv^ suf fer a bk tern per a ture

val

u a h\e

Standard of Pronnnciation* com mon al ty a mi a bk. nom in a twc ju di ca tare op er a tiv^ va ri a h\e prof it a bk hos pit a h\e
for

veil cr a h\e

mid

a h\e

tol er a h\e

vul ner a

bk

^n swer a

bk

cop u

la tiv^

The foUoivmg have

2

the half accent on the third

syllable,

\
arch
par
i

Ag ri
ail ti

cul turf tab er ha

trail sit
at/ dit

ck

tect ur^

qua ry ap o plex y

o ry o ry

ar bi tra ry
si

mo ny

TABLE XXIV.
fFbrds of four syllables; the full accent on the. second^ and half accent on the fourth. Note. The terminations fy, ry, and ly^ have very little accent.

Ad

vi 5a

bk
late

iiii

me

di ate

vie to

ri f?us

ac cu

mu

ap pro pri ate an ni hi late a me na bk ab bre vi ate

al le vi ate

im pe ri (?us im pla cabk

in tu
ia
i

vo

lu

min
ri

<?us

ux o

ous

tiv^

bo

ri

ous

me

lo di (?us te ri f?us

mys

cen so

no to ri ous cus com mo di cus ob se qui ous com mu ni cate op pro bri cois con cu pis cenc<f pe nu ri ous com pa ra bk pre ca ri (?us sa lu bri o\x% de plo ra bk spon ta ne ous dis pu ta bk ter ra que ous er ro ne (7us \m HK) ni eus vi ca ri ous
ri

as par a gus ac eel er ate ad mis si bk ad venturous, a dul ter ate ac cept a bk

aggrandizement
disfranchisement anf big u ous

am

phib i (?us a nal y sis

ar tic

late

as sas sin gte

An Easy
^e
ZB.

at

tude
ni ate
late

lum
i

ca pit
cer tif

Standard of Pronunciation. 67 e nor mi ty im pet u ons sub or din ate industri ons a bom in ate in gen u oms
in qui^
in vid
i i

cate

tive

ca tas tro

phe

ons

CO ag u late

in vin ci h\e
i

com bus ti h\e in vi^ h\e com mem o rateper iid o\\% com mis er ate per spic u ous com par a tiv^ pre die a ment de nom in ate com pat h\e per plex ty de mon stra hie com pend ons pro mis cu ons de pop u late
i

ac com mo date a non y mous a poc a lyps^ a poc ry pha a pos tro phe cor rob o rate

con grat u late pa rish on er con spic u ous re cep ta oXe con templative-ri die u bus con tempt i h\e si mil i tude con tig u QMS sus cep ti bk de fin i tiv^ tem pest u ons de lib er ate tu mult u ous de riv a tiv^ vi cis si tude vo cif er ons di min u tiv^ e phem e risvo iup tu ons e piph a ny u nan im ons fa cil it ate de baz/ch e ry fa nat i ci^m con form i ty il lus tri ons de form i ty

dis con so late

pre pos ter ous pre rog a tiv^ re spons i bl^

ad m!s si bl^ con vers a h\c

re vers
i

bk

su per fiu ons su per la tiv^ pre serv a tivtf ac com pa ny dis cov er y
oi

em.broi<l er

TABLE XXV. THERE are five states of human

life,

infancy,

ehildhoodj youth, manhood, and old age. The infant is helpless ; he is nourished with milk^when he has teeth, he begins to eat bread, meat, and fruit, and is very fond of cakes and plums. The litde boy c-huses some plaything that will make a noise, a hammer, a stick, or a whip. The little girl

66

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciation.

She chuses a. loves her doll andlearns to dress.it. closet for her baby-house, where she sets her doll in a little chair, by the side of a table, furnished with tea-cups as big as a thimble. As soon as boys are large enough, they run away from home, grow fond of play, climb trees to rob birds' nests, tear their clothes, and when they come hov/ home, their parents often chastise them* the rod makes their legs smart. -These are naught}' cruel boys, who love play better than their books boys, who rob the birds of their eggs, ^poor little birds which do no harm, which fill the air with the sweet melody of their notes, and do much good by devouring the worms, and other insects, which destroy the fruits and herbage. Chai'les, how many barley corns make an inch I How many inches are in u foot ? Twelve. Three.

How

'

many feet in a yard ? Thret:. How many yards in a rod, perch, or pole ? Five and a half. How many rods in a mile ? Three hundred and twenty. -7 Ho v/ many rods in a furlong ? Forty.^ How many furlongs in a mile? Eight. How many How many lines in a^n miles in a league ? Three. inch ? Tweive.^ What is a cubit ? The length of the arm frt^m the eibo\v to the end of the longest fathom finger, which is about eighteen inches. is the distance of the ends of a man's fingers, when, the arms are extended, which is about six feet. Henry, tell me the gills in a pint. Fouro

a quart, four quarts make a gallon. cf various sizes ; some contain no more than twenty seven gallons, some thirty, or hogshead conthirty two, others diirty six. but we usually call pun tains sixty three gallons cl^eons by the name of hogsheads, and these hold pipe conabout one hundred and ten gallons* tains two hogsheads, or four barrels, or ^out one ^.undred and twenty galloiis.

Two pints make

Barrels
are

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciation.

69

TABLE XXVI.
JVords ofJive syllables
;

the full accent

on the

second.

Co

tem_ po ra ry

de clam a to ly de fam a to ry dis pens a to ry lee tu a ry e pis to la ry ex clam a to ry ex plaa a to ry

ex tem po ra ry be red it a ry in cen di a ry

in fiam ma to ry pre lim i na ry com mu ni ca bl<? com mu ni ca tiv^ in vi

pre par a to ry pi'o hib it o ry re jid u a ry tu mult u a ry VG cab u la ry vo lup tu a ry con sol a to ry de po5 it G ry de rog a to ry in vol un ta ry re po^ it o ry ob ^erv a to ry de lib er a tivf ef fem in a cy in suf fer a h\e.
in dis so lu
in vet er a
bl<?

o la bk per spi ra to ry de gen er a cy con fed er a cy eon sid er a bl^

in vul ner a

bltf

cy

in ter
in

min a \Ae tem per ate ly

TABLE XXVIL
WILLIAM,
cent
?

cents a dime l Ten. Tell me the other coins of the United States. Ten dimes make a dollar, ten dollars an eagle, which is a gold coin, and the largest which is coined in the

Ten.

How

tell

me how many

mills

make a

many

United

States.

Gents are copper coins.

Dimes and dollars are silver coins. These are new species of

70
coin

^n Easy

What
?

is

the ancient

Standard of Pronunciation. manner of reckoning mO"shillings,

ney

By pbunds,

pence and farthings.

Four farthings make a penny, tAvelve pence a shilling, and twenty shillings a pound. William loves fruit. See him picking strawberb4-ing him a basket ^lethim put the berries in ries and cany them to his mamma and sisa basket ters. Little boys should be kind and generous they should always carry some fruit home for their

Observe the cherry trees see, how .they begin to redden in a few da}'s, the cherries will be ripe, the honey-hearts, the black-hearts, and oxhearts, how sweet they are. You must not eat too many, and make yourself sick. Fill your basket with cherries and give them to your little friends. Now see the pears. The harvest pear, how yellow* The sugar pear, It is ripe, let me pick and eat it. how plump and soft it is ; and what a beautiful red covers one side of it. See the Catherine pear, and thevergaloo, how rich, jucy, and delicious. But the peach ^how it exceeds all fruit in its delicious flavor; what can equal its fragi*ance, and how it melts upon the tongue. The nutmeg, the rare-ripe with its blushing cheek, the whit'=i cling-stone with its cri^n son tints and the lemon cllng-stone with its golden hue, and all the varieties of the free stones." Such are the rich bounties of nature, bestowed on man to please his taste, preserve his health, and draw his grateful heart towards the 'Author of his happiness.
friends.

REMARKS.
not so much the present pleasure and advantage of a measure, as its future consequences. Sudden asid violent passions are seldom durable.

A wise man will consider,

An Easy
fFords

Standard of Pronunciation,

71

TABLE
ofJi*i)e syllables

XXVIII.
accented on thefivst and

third.

Am bi gu
con con
ep
i

ty

reg u

ti

gu

ty

tra ri e

ty

die ta to

ri al

cu re an
ni ty

im por til

no to ri e ty op por tu ni ty
per pe tu i ty per spi cu i ty pres By te ri an pri mo ge ni al su per flu i ty
tes
ti

lar i ty rep re hen si hie rep re sen ta tiv^ sat is fac to ry sen si bil i ty sen su al i ty sim i lar i ty
i

ty a ry cir cum am bi ent com pre hen si h\e con san guin i ty
sin gii lar
tes ta

ment

con
cred
di a

tra diet
i

o ry

mo
bil
i

ni al
ic al

bii

ty

ac a af fa
al

dem

ty pha bet ic
lyt ic al

e le
al

met ric al ment a ry

ep

dem

ic al

an a
ar

gu ment
o syl

tiv<?

e van gel ic al fal li bil i ty

mon

la h\e

plau s'\ bil i ty pol y syl la hie pop ular i ty

gen e al o gy hos pi tal i ty

le git im im per cep
il

ate
ti

bk

pos
pri

si bil i

ty
i i
i

in tel lect in tro

ir

u
i

al

mo gen
ci pal

turc
ty

due
i

to ry

prin

in tre pid
re ^ist

ty

prob a bil prod i gcJ

ty ty
ty
(?us

bi^

mag

punc tu
j)u
sil

al

na nim i ty met a phy^ ic al

lau

im

an a torn

ic al

72
ail
i

An Easy
mos
i

Standard of Pronunciation.
in ter rog a tiv^

ty

apos

tol ic al

ar is toe ra cy

met a phor pe ri od ic
phy^
phy^^
i

ic al
al

as tro nom ic al cat e gor ic al

phi lo soph ic

al

cu
t

ri

OS

ty

'

og no my i ol o gy

di a bol ic al

trig

y mol o gy gen e ros i ty e qui pen der ant

in dis soiv a h\e

u u

ni

o nom c try form i ty

i

ni vers

ty
ic al

em blem

at ic al

ge o graph

TABLE

XXIX.
/.

Lesson

BE not anxious for your life, what ye shall eat, nor for your body, what or what ye shall drink ye shall put on; for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of these things. Behold the fowls of the uir For they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into bams ; yet your heavenly Father feecleth them. Consider the lilies of the (ieicl, how they grow ; and yet Solothey toil not, neither do they spin mon in all his glory, was not airayed like one of
;

these.
IT.

Therefore be not anxious for the good thin^ of this life, but seek first the kingdom of heaven and its righteousness, and all these things shall be ad-

ded
ye

to you.
it
:

Seek and shall be given unto 3rou Knock, and it shall be opened. Love your enemies bless them that curse you ; do good unto them that hate you and pray for diem that scornfully use you and persecute }ou.

Ask and

shall find

An Easy
When
who

Standard of Pronunciation.
III,

73

thou prayest, be not as the h\i-)ocrites, love to pray standing in the synagogues, and in the streets, that they may be seen of men : But

when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father who is in secret, and thy Father who seeth in secret shall
reward thee openly.
IF, not up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and v/here thieves do not break through and steal For v/here your treasure is, there will your heart be also.

Lay

Our

Savior^s Golden Rule,

things which you would have you, do ye the same to them ; for this and the prophets.

ALL

men do
is

th law

TABLE XXX.
In the following words
tior.,

tian, tial

and

tier,

are prontimced

cbun, cbal, cbur.

C(\i/rtier

fustian

Ms

tion

mix
in all

tion
tiai
t is

oom bus tion di ges tion

ad mix
preceded by
$

Christ ian

ce lis

tiosi

And
tion.

words where

or x.

In all other w ords tion is pronounced simn ; as are also aV//}, c-"an, ^ Thus, ttpition, coercion, halcyon, mansion, are pronounced mosbun, coeribun^ baisbun, inamhun. Cial is pron-uur.ced sbal.

Words

oft'CDo syllables accented on thefirst.

Mo tion
na tion ou tion

por tion

sta tion

po tion
ra tion

Jc tion die tion

74
fac

An Easy Standard of Pronundaiim. ses sion men tion tion

tion

He

fraction
fric tion

mis sion passion pen sion

sane tion

ten sion

unction
hic tion

fimc tion

mansion

section

6^ tion version

Words ofthi -ee syllables accented on the second. com mis sion pro tec tion Ces sa tion

com mo tion
de vo tion
plant a tion pol lu tion pro por tion

com

pres sion

pre
re

con fes sion con sump tion con ven tin con vie tion
cor rec tion

emp demp

tion
tion

re flee tion

sub jec tion

sue ces sion sus pen sion as per sion
as ser tion a ver sion

re la tion sal va tion

du

ciai

de cep tion de scrip tion

di rec tion dis tine tion

ad mis sion

af fee tion flic tion as cen sion

as sumj& tioii at ten tion col lee tion

ex cep tion ex pres sion

in
fiic

con ver sion de ^er tion

dis per sion re ver sion

tioa

ob jec tion
pro fes sion

sub ver sion sub Stan tial

IFords of four syllables

third,

and

; the full accent on the accent on the first. the half

Ac cept a tion ac cu ^a tion ad mi ra tion

ad o ra tion ag gra va tion ap pro ba tion :av o ca tioai

cal

cu

la tion
^

con dem na

tion

con gre ga tion con sti tu tion

coai

tem
ti

pla tion

cul

va tion

decla ration

Jn Easy
des o
la tion

Standard of Pronunciation, re^ o lu tion

rev e la tion rev o lu tion sep a ra tion sup pli ca tion
trib
vi

75

ed u ca tion cl o cu tion

em

II

la tion

ex pect a tion hab it a tion

in clin a tion in sti tu tion med it a tion mod era tion nav i ga tion 'ob strw a tion per se cu tion

u
it

la tio

la tion

vi^

a tion

ap pre hin sion com pre hen sion

con de s/:en sion con tra die tion

ju ris die tion re^ ur rec tion
sat is fac tion ar/g

pre^ erv a tion

proc

la

ma

tion

pub lie a tion ref orm a tion

Werds office

ment

al ter

a tion a tion

syllables ^ accented on the first

and

fourth.

AM pHfi cation
qual
i fi

ca tion

ed

i fi ca tion as so ci a tion

mul
rat

ti pli

cation
'

con tin u a tion

sane
cir
eir

ca tion ca tion sig ni fi ca tion

i fi

ti fi

con fed e ra tion con grat u la tion con so ci a tion or gan i za tion CO op e ra tion glo ri fi ca ti on pro nun ci a tion pro pi ti a tion re gen e ra tion
re nun ci a tion re tal i a tion ar gu ment a tion
illw traw

cum lo cu tion cum val la tion com mem mo ra tion

Note.
As'sas-sin-a-tion,

nun-a-tiont have the second

sub-staii'ti-a-tion,

de-nom-in-a-tion, de'ter-min-a-ticn, and fourth syllables accented, and

has an accent on the first, third and

fifth syllables.

fyr-sub'Stan'ti-a-tion, follows the

same rule.

76

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation

TABLE

XXXI.

Familiar Lessons. HENRY is a good boy. Come here, Henry, let me hear you read. Can you spell easy words t Hold up your head speak loud and plain. Keep your book clean do not tear it. John, keep your seat, and sit still. You must
;

not say a word, nor laugh nor play. Look on your book, learn your letters, study your lesson. Charles, can you coui;it? I'ly. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven^ eight, nine, ten. Weil said; now spell bird. B-i-r-d. How the birds sing and hop from branch to branch among the trees. They make nests too, and lay eggs ; then sit on their eggs, and hatch young birds. Dear little birds, how they sing and play. You must not rob their nests, nor kill their young it is cruel, Moses, see the cat, how quiet she lies by the fire. Puss catches mice. Did you ever see puss v/atching for mice? How still and sly She creeps along, fixing her eyes steady on the place where the mouse lies. As soon as she gets near enough, she darts forward, and seizes the little victim by th neck. Now the little mouse will do no more mis-

chief.

See the quiet they

little

helpless kittens.
in their

How warm
;

and

bed, while puss is ^one. Take them in your hands, don't hurt them they They will not bite are harndesa, and do no hurt.
lie

nor scratch.

Lay them down

softly,

and

let

them

go

to sleep.

dispels the darkness of night, and makes all nature gay and wash your hands, cheerful. Get up, Charles comb your hair, and get ready for breakfast. What are we to have for breakfast? Bread and milk-to rise.
:

George, the sun has risen, and it See the sun, how it shines
;

is

tima for you

it

Ari Easy Standard of Frcmmciatvn.

11

This is the best food for little boys. Sometimes we have coffee or tea, and toast. " Sometimes we ha^^ cakes. James, hold your spoon in your right handj and if you use a knife and fork, hold the knife in your right hand. Do not eat fast hungry boys are apt to eat fast, like the pigs. Never waste your bread j bread is gained by the sweat of the brow. Your father plants or sows comj com grows in the held; when it is ripe, it is cut, and put in the barn; then it is thrashed out of the ears, and sent to a mill the mill grinds it, and the bolter separates the bran from the flour. Flour is wet with water or milk and with a little yeast or leaven, it is raised, and made light; this is called dough: dough is baked in an oven, or pan, and makes bread.
:

The
a

Sisters.

Emily, look at the flowers in the garden. What charming sight. How the tuHps adorn the bor-

ders of the alleys, d^-essing

ijie

them with gayet\'. Soon sweet pinks will deck the beds; and the fragrant OSes perfume the air. Take cai'e of the s wee tBrilliams, the jonquils, and the artemisia. See the loney-suckle, how it winds about the column, and limbs along the mar,grn of the windows. Now it 5 in bloom, howfragrant the air around it; how sweet he perfume, after a gentle shower, or amidst tlie oft dews of the evening. Such are the cha^-ms of outh, when robed in innocence ; such is the bloom f life, when decked with modesty, and a sweet temcr. Come, my child, let me hear your song,

The Rose.
The rose had been \7ash'd,
That J ulia
to
lately

A plenifful moisture encumber*d the flow'r,

And wei^h'd down its beautiful head.

Emma convey'd

wash'd in a skow'r.

An Easy Standard of ProniinciaUoni

The cop was
all filled,

and the leaves were

it

all

wet,

And seeni'd, at a fanciful view. To weep with regret, for the buds On the fiourishhig bush where
I
hastil)'-

hadieft^

i.t

greviT

seizM

it,

unfit as

it

was
alas,

For a nosegay, so dripping and drown'd

And
*'

shaking
it

1 snapt

it

rudely, too rudely,

to the ground.
is

it fell

And such,"
" S ome
**

1 exclaimed, " act by the delicate

the

pitiless

part

m ind
,

" Regardless of wringing and breaking a heart

Already to sorrow resign'd.

" This beautiful rose, had 1 shaken it less, * Might have bloom' d with the owner a while

**

And the tear that is wip'd, with a little address, May be follow'd perhaps with a smile."

dress the borr Julia, rise in the morning betimes, weeds^ ders of the flowerbeds, pull up the noxious See how the plants wither water the thirsty roots. The flowers fade, the leaves for want of rain. Bruig a little water to refresli shrivel and droop. the' plants look green and fresh; th< them. Now which shaded or robbtd their roots of mois

weeds

ture, are

removed, and the plants will thrive. Doe; the noxious pas^ the heart want culture? Weed out heart, as you would hurtful plant sions from t\i<i virtuesfrom among the flowers. Cherish the
goodness. love, kindness, meekness, modesty, fruit, pur thrive, and produce their natural them

Le

happiness, and joys serene through life. plaj Look to the gende lambs, hov/ imiocent and how pleasant th sight; ful; how agreeable to the they are for yov task to feed them; how grateful JuUa, let me hear your song. care.

The Lamb.
as Emily A young feeble Lamb, behold pass'd, to
In

pity she
it

tumM

How

shivet'd
fell all

Then

and shrunk from the merciew benumb'd with the cold.

olast,

An Easy
She
rais'd

Standard of Pronunciation.
the innocent*s fate,
prest;

79

its soft

it, and touch'd with form to her bosom she

But the tender relief was afforded too late, It bleated, and died on her breast.

The

moralist then, as the corse she resigned springilow'rs o'er it laid, Thus mus'd, " So it fares with the delicate mind, ' To the tempest of fortune betray'd;

And weepjng.
Too
"

tender, like tkee, the rude shock to sustain, the relief which would save, She's lost, and when pity and kindness are vain-, * Thus we dress the poor suHerer's grave."

And deni'd

Harriet, bring

your book,

let

me

he^r you read.

What book

have you? Let

of poems. How many hear my dear Harriet speak one.

see; a little volume can you repeat? Let me

me

The Bird*s Nch-u

Yes,
little

nest, I'll hold

you

fast,

one, tvvo, three, rour; I've w atch'd you long, you're mine at last Poor little things, you'll 'scape no more.

And

little birds,

Chirp, cry, and flutter, as you vvitH Ah! simplerebels, 'tis in vain;

Your little wings are unfledg'd still. How can you freedom then obtain!

What note of sorrow

Is
it

their

mother thus
and round,

ear 1 strikes distrest ?

my

Ah yes,
And

and

see, their father

dear
.

Flies round
is it I

to seek their nest,

who cause

their

moan ?
sweet \

I, who so aft in summer's heat. Beneath yon oak have laid me down

To listen to their songs so

If from

my tender mother's side, S ome w icked wretch should make me fly.

then so cruel prove?

Full well I know, 'tw ould her betide. To break her heart, to sink, to die.

And shall I

Your little ones to force away No, no; together live and ove; See bers tlicy are,take them,

pray

to

An Easy
Till their

Standard of Pronunciation.
hear.
>

Teach them ia yonder wood to fly. And let them your sweet v/ai-biing

own wings can soar as high, And their own notes may sound as clear.
;

Go, gende birds go free as air While oft again in summer's heat, To yonder oak I will repair.

And listen to your songs

so sweet.

Mary, what a charming little sonnet your sister Harriet has repeated. Come, my sweet girl, you must let me hear what you can say. But stop, let
:

me

see

your work.

handy with a needle.

pretty work.

Your little fingers are very Very pretty indeed; very

\Vliat small stitches.

You

shall

hem

and mark soon you

all

your papa's handkerchiefs, and very shall work a muslin frock for yourself,

Now, my

girl, let

me hear you

repeat

some

verses.

On a

Goldfinch starved in his Cage.

Time was when I was free as air. The thistle*s downy seed my fiire,
I

My My

drink the morning dew; perch'd at will on every spray. form genteel, my plumage gay. strains for ever new.
strain.

My

But gaudy plumage, sprightly

And form genteel, were all in vain, And of a transient date;

For caught and cag*d, and starv'd In dyingsighs, my little breath Soon pass'd he wiry grate.
Thanks,
little

to deatfej

Miss, for

all

my woes.

And thanks for this effectual close. And ciHfe of eVry ill;
More cruelty
could none express,
-

And I, if you had shown me less?' Had been your pris*iier still.

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

Precepts concerning the social relations.

81

ART thou
for life?

a young man, seeking for a partner

useful

Obey the ardinance of God, and become a member of society. But be not in haste to

marry, and let thy choice be directed by wisdom. Is a woman devoted to dress and amusement? Is she delighted with her own praise, or an admirer of her own beauty? Is she given to much talking and loud laughter? If her feet abide not at home, and her eyes rove with boldness on the faces of men turn thy feet from her, ^id sulFer not thy heart to be ensnared by thy fancy. But when thou findest sensibilit}^ of heart joined with softness of manners; an accomplished mind and peligion, united with sweetness of temper, modest deportment, and a love of domestic life Such is the woman who will divide the sorrows, and double the joys of thy life. Take her to thyself; she is worthy to be thy nearest friend, thy companion, the wife of thy bosom; Art thou a young woman, wishing to know thy

'

cautious in listening to the advrith smiles and |flattering words ? Remember that man often smiles and flatte-rs most, when he would betray thee. Listen to no soft persuasion, till a long acqaintance and a steady, respectful conduct have given thee proof of the pure attachment and honorable
fiittu-e

destiny?

Be

fdresses of m.en.

Art thou pleased

views of thy lover. Is thy suitor addicted to low vices? is he profane? is he a gambler? a tipler? a spendthrift? a haunter of taverns? has he lived in idleness and pleasure? has he acquired a contempt for thy sex in vile company ? and above all, is he a scoffer at religion? Banish such a man from thy
presence; his hepj't
is false,

thee to wretchedness

and his hand would and ruin.

lead,

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation. Art thou a husband? Treat thy wife with tender-ness and respect; reprove her faults with gentleness;^:
82
be faithful to her in love ; give up thy heart to her and alleviate her cares. Art thou a wife? Respect thy husband; oppose him not unreasonbly, but yield thy will to his, and thou shalt be blest with peace and concord; study to make him respectable, as v/ell for thine wn sake, as for his hide his faults be constant in thy love; and devote thy time to the care and' education of the dear pledges of thy love. Art thou a parent? Teach thy children obedience teach them temperance, justice, diligence in useful
in confiden.ce,
; ;

occupations; teach
social virtues,

them

science; teach

them

thei

and fortify thy precepts by thine owni example: above all teach them religion. Sciencej and virtue will make them respectable in this lifereligion and piety alone can secure to them happi ness in the life to come. Art thou a brother or a sister? Honor thy charac* ter by living in the bonds of affection with thy breth>
.

ren.

Be

kind; be condescending.

Is thy brothel

in adversit}', assist him ; if thy sister is in distress^ administer to her necessities and alleviate her cares* Art thou a son or a daughter? Be grateful to thy father, for he gave thee life : and to thy mother

Piety in a child is sweet* for she sustained thee. er than the incense of Persia, yea more delicioui

than odors, wafted, by western gales,, from a fielc of Arabian spices. Hear the words of thy father for they are spoken for thy good: give ear to th( admonitions of thy mother, for they proceed fron her tenderest love. Honor their gray hairs, am support them in the evening of life: and thini ov/n children, in reverence of thy example, shaJj repay thy piety with filial love and dmy. 1

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciati&n,

83

wmsm^
FABLE
Of the Boy

'i^:?'*^K

'"'i^sS^L^*^'

--:^;-:'

'-

"^
=
_

'

Will

"

/\

I.

that stole Apples,

AN old man found

ts-ees

a rude boy upon one of

his

and desired him to come down; but the young Sauce-box told him plainly be would not. Won^t you? said the old Man, then I will fetch you down; so he pulled up some txifts of Grass, and threw at him; but this only made the Youngster laugh, to think the old Man should pretend to beat him down from tlie tree with grass
stealing Apples,

only.

Well, well, said the old Man,

grass,
will do,
I

if

neither words nor

try what virtue there is in Stones; so the old man pelted hini heartily with stones; which soon made the young Chap hasten down from the tree and beg the old Man's pardon.

must

MORAL.
Ifgood words and gentle meaJis will not reclaim must be dealt with in a more severe manner^
the wickedy they

84

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciation,

TABLE XXXII.
In

words ending in c^io unaccented, -w is silent, and o has its first sound. Many of these words^re corrupted in vulgar pronunciation ; follcfvo is called y^/Zer, Sec. for which reason the words of
all

this class are collected in the following table.

BSr row
bel low
bil

gal lows

nar row
hoi low

bel lows

low bur row

har row
cal

shad
shal

ow
low

low

win dow win now yel low bor row

fol

cl
fel

bow
low low

mallo'^us

spar
tal

row

low

mar row

fal
'far

meadow
mel low

low whit low

o'lU

mor row
sor

row

fur

row row

wicl

min now

wil low

wal low s^v^^al low

TABLE XXXIIL
Jn
Thus, sonfusion is porthe following words^ si sound like zb. nounced confu-zbun ; bra-tier , dra-zhur; o-zier, o-zbur; vi-sitnt vizb-un; pLeaS'ure, pleazb-nr. Uote.

In this and the following table, the figures show the accented syllables, without any other direction.

Bra\yier cro ^ier gla zier

con fu

^yion

zier
^ier

ra sure

ho

sei zur^

fu ^ion am bro

^ial

ad he ^ion
al lu ^ion -co he ^ion col lu ^ion

Gon clu ^ion

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

con
tie

85

QAs ion

di \\s ion
ci^
ri^

de

ion ion

e lij ion e lyo ian pre ci^ ion pro vi^ ion

in ci^ ion
al
li^*

ion

re ci^ ion
clr

cum ci^ ion

same
rule.

The compounds and

derivatives follow the

FABLE

IL

The country Maid and her Milk pail.

suiTer their imagination to amuse them, v/ith tlic prospect of distant and uncertain improvements of their condition, they frequently sustain real losses,

WHEN men

bv

their inattention to
v/as

thc^.&e affairs

Acoiinrf}'
to
tb.e

Maid

walking very deliherately

fell in

'With a pail of milk

upon her heaa, when she

following train of-refiections : The money for which I shall sell this milk, will enable me to encrease my slock of egg;3 to dire e hundred. These eggs^ allovvlnjr for \vhac may prove addle, and what !n'\v be dest!-oyed bv vei mia, will prodi'.ce at least 1-; b'lndrcd and lifu- chickens. The chickens wil^
;

S6

An Easy

Standard of PronimciatiGn.

be fit to carry to market about Christmas, when poultry always bears a good price; so that by May day I cannot fail of having money enough to purGreen -let me consider yes, chase a new gown. green become^ my complexion best, and green it shall be. In this dress I will go to the fair, where all the young fellows will strive to have me for a partner; but I shall perhaps refuse every one of them, and with an air of disdain toss from them. Transported with this triumphant thought, she could not forbear acting with her head what thus passed in her imagination, when d-own came the pail of milk, and v/ith it all her imaginary happiness.

TABLE XXXI V.
Words in which
sic, and fte are pronounced ^Ac ; tia^ndcia, sla ;' cions and tious, shis. Thus, ancient, partial, captious, are pronounced, anshcnt, pa-rshal, capMkvs. This rule will be sufficient to dirt-ct the learner to aright pronunciation, without dis-

ckf

ti3-igu:shirig

the silent letters,

Gre clan
gra cious pa tient

tran sient
Ills cioiis

ex pa
fa

tiate

quo tient
spa cious spe cious spe cies'^'^" so cial
sa tiate

caw tious par tial con science

ce tious fal la cious fe ro cious

in gra tiate
lo

con scions ap pre ciate

as so ciate

qua cious

an cient cap ticus

fac tiaus
iic

aw da cious ca pa cious

ne go ciate pro ca cious ra pa cious sa ga cious

se
te

con so
e

ciate

qua cious
na cious
va cious

dis so ciate

tious

ma

ciate
crate
speshiz.

vex a tious
vi

; ;\ip tial

ex cru

Pronounced

jin

Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

87^

pro vin cial cir cum stSn tial pru <}i.Q}A tial con sci en tious con ten tious sen ten tious con se quen tial ere den tials sub stan tiate con li den tial c nun ciate com mSr cial pen i ten tlal es sen tial contuma ciousj pes ti len tial in fee tious ef fi ca cicus prov i den tial li cen tiate rev e ren ti-al os ten ta tious om nis cienci' per spi ca cious re,? i den tia ry po ten tial per ti na cious e qui ncc tial

vo

ra cious

an n'an ciate

The compounds and derivatives follow the same rult^, Th^ words of four syllables have the half accent on the frst.

^^^^

fi&^;:

FABLE
The Fox and
ble

III.

ths SuvaUoTV.

ARISTOTLE informs us,

plundering the commcn',yealth.

that the following fa-

was spoken by Esop to the Samians, on a debate wpon changing their ministers, who were accused of

Fox swimming acr<-ss a river, happened to be entangled in ssome weeds that grew near the bank,

88 An Easy Staridard #/ Fronundation. from which he was unal^le to extricate himseir. A he lay thus exposed to whole swarms of flies, which were galling him and sucking his hiood, a sv/allow,
obs*irving his distrr-ss, kindh' olTered to drive tliem

away. By no means, said the Fox; for if thesi:-. should be <:hased a-yay, which are already sulBcient\y gorgrd, anodier more hungiy swarm rtouldisucceedj and I should be robbed of e^ery remaining drop of blood in my vein.^.
,

TABLE XXXV.
In

folbwing woyds the vo\vel5 a?s shoj't, and thr ?xcc-n^ ed syllable must ly* prGnounce4 uS thotigh ir.endtd with th%^ consonant 5/6. Thus, pre-cious, ipe-ci<U,. eji<Unt, h^i-ci:t7ii jyii/itin, adiii'thn, are yfonou need, p;2sh'US,spe$b'iil, efH-s.^-^nt, lo^ishThess wcvdo will s^rve as examrle.'j tw, fnUU-b-a, addU^h-on.
tl-ve
.

Ibj-

the following

tilile.

PrS cious
spe cial
Ti cious
vi tiute

ef fi cis^nt es pe cial fla gi tioiis fru i tion

iu di cial
lo gi cian

per di ticn per ni cious

pe
pro

ti
fi

tion
cient
-

ad d! tion

am bi
az/s

ticn

phy ^i ciaj] po SI tion

pro pi tion
se di tion se di tious
sol sti tial

pi clous

ca pri cious

ma gi clan ma ii clous
mi
nu
no
of
li

CO mi tial con di tion cog ni tion con tri tion de fi cient de li cious
dis ere tion dis cu tient e di tion * The words of

tia

mu ^i
tri
fi

cian
tion

vi ciate
ciate
cial

suf fi cient sus pi cious

trans
i

tion

of fi

of fi clous

vo li tion ab o If tion*
ac qui
s\

pa tri cian
par
ti

tion
tion^"

tion

ad rno ni

four syllables have a half acccn! on rhe fit, ncrept practitioiitr. Arithmetician and sw/j!;o..7'ili(ius have the half f rent on the second, ojcade^niciar. d^vA -iniiibtmaiidan gx\ th& first.

An Easy
ad ven
ti

Standard of Pronunciation,
prej

85

tious

u
i ti

di cial

co a

ii

tion

am mu
ap pa
ar
ri

m tion
tion

ti fl cial

ad s^i ti tious ap po ^i tion eb ui ii tion

er

clan prop o ^i tion prep o ii tion pro hi bi tion r/zet o ri cian

pol

com pe ti tion com po ^i tion

def
i

ni ticn

dem
dis

o Ii tion dep o s\ tion

su per

11

cial

po
.3

^i

tion

di tion

ex hi bi tion ex po ^i tion im po ^i tion op po ^i tion

su per sti ticn prac ti uon er sup po si tion a rith vojt tf cian sur rep ti tioiis ac a de mi cian
av a
ri

cicus
cial

ben e

ii

suppo^ ti tious math ema ti cian

t-he

The compounds and

derivatives fc41ovv

same rule

In the following words, the consonant;^ terminates a syllable but perhaps the ease of the learner may reader a diilerent division.
:

2
qui ty e qui ta bk Ii quid

Ii Ii
Ii

qz/or

an
in

que fy
qui date

la qz/ey

qui ty qui ty in i qui t<9as ob ii q^d ty

ti
i

SELECT SENTENCES.
Never speak of a man's
faults

behmd
is

tery

which

virtues to his face, nor of his thus you will equally avoid flatdisgusting, aixi slander which is criminaL
his

back

If you are poor, labor will procure you food and clothj ing if you ai-e rich, it will strengthen the body, invigorate the mind, and keep you from vice. Every man therefore should be busy in some employment.

H2

so

An Easy Standard

of Proniinctation.

FABLE
The Cat and
oc

IV.
the Rat,

A CERTAIN Cat had made such unmercifai havamong

the

vermm

of her neighborhood, that nota

single

Rat or Mouse dared venture to appear abroad. Fuss was soon convinced, that if affairs remained in their present situation, she must be totally unsupplied with provision. After mature deliberation therefore, she resolved to have recourse to stratagem. For this purpose, she suspended herself from a hook with her head downwards, pretending to be dead. The Rats and Mice as they peeped from their holes observing her, in this dangling attitude^ concluded she was hanging for some misdemeanor; and with great joy
,

immediately sallied foith in quest of their prey. Puss, as soon as a suftiei-ent number were collected together, quitting her hold, dropped into the midst of them ; and ver^^ fev^^^ had the fortune to make good This artifice having succeeded so well, their retreat. she was encouraged to tiy the event of a second. Accordingly she whitened her coat all over, by rolling herself in a heap of flour, and in this disguise lay^

An Easy Standard of Frormn:iatioTu

yi

concealed in the bottom of a meal tub. This stratagem was executed in general with the same effect as the former. But an old experienced Rat, altogether as cunning as his adversar}-, was not so easily ensnarI don t much like, said he, that %vhite heap yoned. der: Something whispers me there is mischief concealed under it. 'Tis true it may be meal; but it may likewise be something that I should not relish quite There can be no harm at least in keeping so well. for caution, I am sure, is the at a proper distance parent of safety,
;
.

follow ing table, i befcre a vowel sounds like^ at the begmnmg cf words, as \n junior, Hal, dGmijiicn, wmch are pronouuccd junyur^ filycU, dom^iyon
trie

TABLE XXXVL
f
mill ion min ion
pill ion pin ion trill ion trmm ion

Fol io ran ior sol dier^

sav ior

ions ion ci vil ian com pan ion

in

gen
tal

bat

se^n ior un ion

al

con nex ion

de flux ion

ien

val iant^
cull ion

do min ion
fa

gen ial ^cn ius anx iousf

^dell

ninn ion
scull ion

mil iar o pin ion pa vil ion

post
ill

ium

bull ion
coll ier

ion
io

bii ions
bill iards bill

punc

till

ions

brill iant

pon iard on ion be hav iour

ras cal ion

re bell ion

se ra^l io

ba^ io
filial

fiex ion

fiUX ion

ion ver mil ion af/x il ia ry par hel ion min ia ture pe cul iar con ven ient pe ciin ia ry
.

com mun

Pronouicsd

sol-scr.

\ Pronounced ank-shus.

92

An Easy Standard

of Pronunciation

FABLE
The Fox and

V.

the Bramble,

FOX, closely pursued by a pack of Dogs, took shelter under the covert of a Bramble, He rejoiced in this asylum; and for a while, was veiy happy; but soon found that if he attempted to stir, he was wounded by thorns a?id prickles on every side. However, making a virtue of necessit};', he forbore to complain; and comforted himself with
no bliss is perfect; that good and and evil are mixed, and ilow from the same fountain. These Briars, indeed, said he, v/ill tear my skin a little, yet they keep off the dogs. For the sake of the good then let me bear the evil with patience; each bitter has its sweet; and these Brambles, though they v/ound my flesh, preserve my life from danger.
reflecting that

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

93-

TABLE XXXVI
The
1
Rrst sound olth, csin thir-h

tlier

ja cinth

the sis zenith

thfln

the o rem the a ter hy a cinth cath o lie

ca th^T tic

en thu ii a^m an tip a tliy pa ieiith e sis

a rith

ep
lab

th.et

me

tic

der

meth od an them tijp thong

eth ics

y rinth leth ar gy
ry sym pa thy am a ranth
pletli

an

tith e sis

pan

tl>er

am

e thyst

sab bath
tliis

thim bLtk
thong

an a thy can tlie itis

math e

sis

tliurj cuiy

trip

syn the sis pan the on

e
tl:ie ri

en

tlirai

al
ris

mis an thro py pbi Ian thro ::y can thari d^:'^ the 6c ra cy the ol o g}' the od o lite ther mom e tir an thor i ty ca thcl i con my thol o gy or thog ra ]3hy
\\^ Tioth e sis

ath wart I5t troth

thir tv

can tha

thor ough thir teen ou thou ^and d the i^m the o ry

\l ther nef ther

ca the cTal u re thra au thSn tic

pa thet ic syn thet ic a canth us

ath let ic

thog ra phy ihot o my a poth e ca ry ap o th^ o sis

li li

poly the ijra biblioihical

ich thy6l ogy or ni thol o gy
.

me
rath er
fath

tlieg lin

Second sound

<^1th, a^ in thaii.

hith er
le<3;th

we^th cr
with er

om

cr

he^ then doth ier

fet^th er

far ther

wheth er
nether
;

gath er

breth ren

94

An Easy Standard of Frommcmuon.

wiiitpi

\yeth er

er

prith ee

fa ther

broth ei V. or thy
incti'i

be que<^th an 6lh er
.

burthen
Si?iith

farthing ern far ih;;r'

er

i-nioth er
i

to ^eth er log a rithm^

teth er
thith er

p6th er broth el
The
de:',r:.t'

er
nirzth

n^verthelc^

'^^% '^i

Jil

FABLE

VI.

The Bear and the Tvjo Friends.

TYV'O Fricr.dG, sctx^n^ out together upor. a jour-. ney, which led through a dr.ngerous forest, iTiUtually promised to assist each other, if thej^ should hap-^ pen to be assaulted. They had not proceeded far, before they perceived a Bear makbig towards them with great rage. There were no hopes in flight; but one of them,
being very active, sprung up into a tree; upon which the other, throv/ing himself fiat on the ground, held his breath and pretended to be dead; remembering to have heard it asserted, that this creature will not prey upon a dead carcase. The bear came

A71

Easy Standard of Frominciatiofiy

9B

up, and after smeUing to him some time, left him, and went on. When he was fairly out of sight and hearing, the hero from the tree called out Weil, my friend, v/hat said the bear ? he seemed to whisper you very closely. lie did so, replied die other, and gave me this good piece of advice, never to associate with a wretch, v/ho in the hour of dan-

ger, will desert his friend.

TABLE XXXVHI.

96

An Easy Standard ef Pronuncmtion,

n.

FABLE
The
Tzi'O

VII.

Dogs,
and much

HASTY
oi

?ind inconsiderate connections are gen-^^

errJiy attended v^^ith great disadvantages;

every riian'3 good or ill fortune, depends upon the Ghoice lie ma.kes of his friends. good-natured Spaniel OA^ertook a surly IMas^ tlfl", ?s he Vvas travelling upan the high road. Tray, akbough a^n entire stranger to Tiger, vcr)' civilly accosted him; and if it would be no interruption, he ' ' should be glad to bear him company on Tiger, vrho happened not to be altogetiitr in so grov/ling a mood as usual, accepted the prcpoial; and they veiy amicably pursued their journey togetlier. In the midst of their conversation, diey arrived at the next village, where Tiger began to display his malignant disposition^ by an unurovoked attack upon every dog he m.et. I'he villagers immediate-lv sallied forth with great

-^

indignation,

to

recctie

their

respeotive

favorites;

and railing upon our two friends, without distinction or mercy, poor Tray was most cruelly treated, for no o
'

panyc

Jn Easy
^fWords of French
'

Standard ef Pronunciation.
which ch sound
lil^e

97

TABLE XXXIX.
original, in

like sb,

and

ac

cented,

i long.

Chake

1:

jin

Easy Standard cf Profiunciatim*

FABLE
A FARMER

VIII.

The Partial Judge,

came to a neighboring Lawyer, expressing great- concern for an accident which he One of your Oxen, conp.id had just hapj^ened. tinued he", has been gored by an unhicky Bull of riiine, and I should be glad to know how I am to Thou art a very honest miil^e you reparation. fellov/, replied the Lav/yer, and wilt not think it unreasonaljle that I expect one of thy Oxen in return. It is no more than justice, quoth the FarmI mistake er, to be sure; but what did I say? It is your Bull that has killed one of nnj Oxen. Indeed! says the Lawyer, that alters the case: I

the

must inquire Farmer

i;^

into the affair ;

and

if

And //

said

the business I find

if,

coacUided without an

justice to others, as to

would have been had ycu been as ready to exact it from them.

An Easy Standard of

Pronuncicmon.

09

TABLE
Words
in

XL.
i,

which ^

is

hard before e,

and jr.

Q:haT

100 All Easy Standard

of

Promncmicn,

TABLE XL I.
The Boy
that

Nests ^

went t@ the Wood to lo$k for Birds' when he should have gone to School.

Jack got up, and put on his clothes, he thought if he could get to the wood he should be quite well; for he thought more of a bird's nest, than his book, that would make him wise and great. When he came there, he could ftnd no nest, but one that was on the top of a tree, and with much ado he got up to it, and robbed it of the eggs. Then he tried to get down; but a branch of the tree found a hole in the skirt of his coat, and held him f?:st. At this time' he would have been glad to be at school for the bird in a rage at the loss of- her eggs, flew at him, and was like
;

WHEN

to pick out his eyes. it was that the sight of a man at the foot of the tree,, g-ave him more joy than all the nests in the world. This man was so

Now

kind as to chase

down from

av/cly the bird, and help hina the tree ; and from that time forth he would not loiter from school; but grew a good boy and a wise young man; and had the praise and good will of all that knew liim.

OBSERVATIONS.
jter.sive

cheerful man hears the lark in the morning j the man hears the nightingale in the evening. He who desires no virtue in a coinijanion, has no virt\5e iiiinself ; and that state is hasteninc^ to ruin, in which no diifercnce is made between good and bad men. Some men read for the purpose of learning to write ; the fonner ethers, for the piu'pose of learning to talk study for the sake of science ; tlie latter, for the sake of .nuTSmnt.

The

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

101

TABLE
It is a rule in the language, tiiat c

XLII.

and ^ are hard at the eAd of words, and they commx>nly are so at the end of s) llables; but in the following table they are soft, like* 2,nd^' at t)-je end of the accented Thus, tnayic, acidj are proxiour.ced juajic, asid, and syllable. ought to be divided niag-ic, ac-id. It is a matter disputed by

teachers which is the most eligible division viag-ic, ac-id, or ma-gic, a-cid. However, as children acquire a habit of pronouncing c and g hard at the end of syllables, I choose not to break the practice, but have joined these consonants to the la^t syllable. The figures show that the vowels of the accented syllables are att
short.

Ma gic
tra gic

a gik a cid

pa ci iy pa gCc^nt ry pa gin al
re gi cide re gim en

ex
so

pli cit
li

cit

im
re
li ti

a gin

li

gion
gic^us

digit
VI gil
fa c\le

re

gim

ent

re gis ter

fra
fri

gik

ri

gid gid

pla cid
pi g^on
si gil

spe ci fy spe cim en ma cer ate ma cii ent

pro di g/cus au da ci ty ca pa ci ty

ga ci ty qua ci ty men da ci ty
fii

lo

ma gis

trate

men
du
fe

di ci ty

ta cit

a git ate

ag ger
fla

ate-*

le gi h\e

ne ces sary tra ge dy vi cin age ve get ate ve get ant

16 gic

di la cer ate
pli ci
li

ty

ci ty

mu
an
par

ni ci pal
ci pate
ci ]3ate
ti

ti

gel et

pre ce dent pre ci pic<?

re ci

pe

pro cess CO git ate pro ge ny

illicit
^

sim

pli ci ty

me
so

di Cmi al
ci tilde
01 ty

li

de cim al de cim ate

la cer ate

per Hi
^
soft.

im
e
li

pli cit

tri pli ci ty

cit

ver

ti

ci ty

I 2

102
t:

An u
ver
re
le
ti

of Frommciatwn.
per spi ca ci ty per ti na ci ty a tro ci ty fe ro ci ty ve lo ci ty rAi no ce ros
,

da ci ty ex 8.S; f^-er ate iiior da ci ty nu ga ci ty o pa ci ty ru pa ci ty sa ga ci ty se qua ci ty vi va ci ty te na ci ty vc ra ci ty a da gi o

om ni gm ous
fri

gin ous ger ate

gis ia tion

re cit a tion
sa cii ol( a
le

gm

glows ^us
ci ty

an a

au then
e las
ti

ti

16 eic al as tro lo gic al

ci ty
,

ge o

lo

gic al
a!

e lee tri ci ty

ped a go gic

du o de
ab o
li

ci

mo
al

gin

bel li ger cut ec cen tri ci ty or i gin al niu cila gin ous ar miger(?us mul ti pli ci Xy The ccmpo irJs and derivatives follow

phi lolo gic al tau to log ic al the o lo gic al re ci pro ci ty le ger de r

"

the

same

rale.

Wwds In wliicli b
Thus,
that
is

TABLE XLIII.
is

'what, ixkaiy ^ix'hispcr, are

proiiounced before ty, though written after it. pronouliced binat, tvjcn, kwisptr

hooat, hooen, hooispar.

Whale
whejl
\vne<5t
v/Iieel

whit

wnen
whence
%\'het

whiz
vvhurr

wner r}^ wheth er

whif
?Le

wheezivhile

which
whiff
whis:

wharf what
'

whim sey
whin ny
v/his per

whirl

whilst
v/liinc

whim
whin whip
wliisk

white

whey whee di(?

whi ting whi tish whir ret

whis tl^ whith er

v/hit
Xo'iu

why

'

whelk whelp
In the

whist

whit ster whit tl^ whim per

silent.

The compounds and derivatives follow

follow inj, v/ith their

the same rule. compounds and derivatives, hh, is

Whire

whole

wh6

whom whoop

who^e

An Easy Standard of Frommciation,

iOS

TABLE XLIV.
In the following, with rheir compounds and derivatives, x nouuced like ^z ; exact is pronounced egzact, ilfc.
is

prs-

Ex

act

ex ist ex empt ex ult ex am in ex am jAe ex em plar ^x ec u tor

In most or
all

ex ex ex ex ex ex ex ex

em
an

pli fy
i

mate

as pe rate

ude
a

men

u ber anc^
haust
y^ort

ex or bit ant ex or di um ex alt ex ot ic ex on er rate ex eit ex er cent exnie

other words, x is pronounced like ks, except at the beginning of Greek xiames, here it sounds like z.

TABLE XLV.
The
history of the Creation of the IVorld.
the world, and all things the Sun to shine by day, He made and the Moon to give light by night all the beasts that walk on the earth, ail the birds that ily in the air, and all the fish that swim in Each herb, and plant, and tree, is the the sea. things, both great and work of his hands. small that live and move, and breathe in this v/ide
six days
it.

IN

that are in

God mkde He made

AH

world,
life.

to

him do owe

their birth,
all

to

him

their

the things he had made wese good. But as yet there was not a man to till the ground : so God made man of the dust of the earth, and breathed into him the breath of life, and gave him rule overall that he had made. And the man gave names to all the beasts of the field, the fowls of the air, and the fish of the sea. But there \Tas not found an help meet for man j
that

And God saw

so God brought on toek from his side a

^

him a deep
rib,

sleep,

and then
wife,

of which he

made a

Standard oj Prominciation, and gave her to the man, and her name was Eve*< And from these two came ali the sons of men. All things are known to God though his throne
;

104

An Easy

of state is far on high, yet doth his eye look dov/n upon us in this lower world, and see all the ways of the sons of men. If we go out, he marks our steps and when we go in, no door can shut him from us. While we are by ourselves, he knows all our vain thoughts, and the ends we aim at; And when we talk to friend or foe, he hears our w^ords, and views the good or harm we do to them, or to ourselves. Ail the day AVTien we pray, he notes our zeal. long he minds how we spend our time, and no darkIf we play the night can hide our works from him. cheat, he marks the fraud, and hears the least word of a false tongue. He sees if our hearts are hard to the poor, or if by alms we help their wants : If in our breast we pine at the rich, or if we are w^ell pleased with our own state. He know s all that we do ; and bC; we where we will, he is sure to be with us.
:

TABLE XL VI.
Examples of
the formation of

dcrhathes

and.

compound words.

Example L
Words in which
jRrim.
cr or er are

added to denote an agent.

Deriv.

Prim.

Deriv.

Act,
lead,

act- or

hi-struct,

in-striict-or

lead-er
deal-er

blas-pheme, blas-phe-mcF
cor-rect,

deal,

cor-rect-or

gain,
hate, cool,
feeip,,

gain-er
ha;ter

dis pose,

op-press,

dis-po-ser op-press-or

cool-er

re-deem,
dis-sent,

re-deem-

help-er

dis-sent-e

An Easy
Words

Standard of Pronunciation.

105
frem

Example.
act-or,

II.

to express females, or the feminine gender, formed these which repress males, or the mascviline gender.

act-ress

peer,
priest,

peer- ess
priest-ess

bar-on,
tii-tor,

bar-on-ess
tu-tor-ess
trait-re:is

prince,
po-et,

prin-cess po-et-ess song-stress

li-on-ess

trait-or,

count, dea-con,

duke,

count-ess dea-con-ess duch-ess

song-ster
li-on,

heir, heir -ess proph-et, proph-et-es3

mis-ti*ess mas-ter, em-pe-ror, em-press

test-ta-tcr, test-a-trix

sor-ce-rer,sor-cer-ess
a-dul-ter-er,

seam-ster, seam-stress
a-dul-ter-ess

em-bas-sa-dor, shep-herd,
ben-e-fac-tor,

em-bas-sa-dress shep-herd-ess
ben-e-fac-tress

gov-em-or,
mar-quis,
pro-tect-or,

gowerh-ess
mar-chi-o-nes;
pro-tect-ress

cx-ec-u-tor, ad-min-is-tra-tor
Words formed
a
quality-,

ex-ec-u-trix ad-min-is-tra-trix
III.
is

Example
by
ly

a conti-aciion of Hie J used to denois or shew the manner of action, or degree of quality.

(which

bad-ly bad, brave, brave-Iy

chief, chief-ly

ab-struse,

ab--sti'use-iv

cow-ard, crook-ed,
ex-act,

cow-ard-l)'

crook-ed-Iy
ex-act-Iy

dark, dark-ly
l^ood, gcod-iy
ligli,

ef-fect-n-al, ef-iect-u-al-ly

high-ly
.

ex-cess-ive, ex-cess-ive-iy
fa-ther,
gal-lant,

weak, weak-ly
year,

fu-ther-ly
gal-lant-Iy

year-ly

new, new-ly

se-date,

se-date-}y

106

A?!

Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

_

Example

IV.
de-cejt-ful
re- spec c- fur

Wovds formed hyfuU,

denctijig abundance.

mer-cy, mer-ei~fiil

de-ceit,

mou
youth,

i-mi

re-spcct
>.IiS'p-ace,

hopc-f\i

dis-grace-iul

de - 1
awe,
care,

ght-,

de -light - fu 1

venge, re-veiige-fiil-trust, di>'-trubt4\]l

care-iUi

dii-tv,

dii-ti-f\ii

X AMPLE
Woi'ds fonper:
'^y
.<:

V.
ability.

or

iblej

denoting power or

GOir.-mend,co<n-meiKl-a-bie
as-sail,

as-sail-a-b!e

cure, cii-ra-ble pay, pay-a-ble

sale,

re- spire,

re-spi-ra-bie
per-spi-3'a-ble

sale-?.-ble

per-spire,

vend, veiid-i-ble
test,

ad -vise,
re- verse,

ad-vi-sa-ble
re-vers-i-ble

test-a-ble
tast-a-ble

taste,

man -age,
cred-it,
prof-it,

man-an:e-a-b!e
cred-it-a-ble
prof-it-a-ble

tax,
rare,

tax-a-bie
ra-ta-ble

tame, tanie-a-ble

Example VL
Words formed by
v.ess,

dc

'
'

.i

-:,
.

ir.te

cr condition.

good,
great,

good -ness,

slirevd, shrewd-ness
plain,

great-ness rash-ness bald-ness bald, hoarse, hoarse-ness felood-y ,blood-i-ness

rash,

plain-ness

bjund, rough,
seif-ish,

sound -ness rougli-ness

self-ish-ness

come-ly, come-li-ncss
mis-er-a-ble-ness for-mi-da-ble-ness
gra-cious-r.ess

mis-er-a-ble,
for-iTii-da-ble,

gra-cious,
fa-vor-a-ble,
of-^fen-^ye,

fa-vor-a-ble-ness
of-fen-sive-ness

An Easy Standard of Frominciation.

107

Example
Words fovmed by
ji.j,

VII.
it.

denoting quality or a small degree of

ape,

103

An Easy

Stcuidard of Pronunciatkn.

Example XI.
V/oxds formed by age^ ment,
aice,

tion, cr action

and awe, denoting performed, &c.

state, condi=

at-tain-ment de-pend, de-pend-ence oc-cur, oc-cur-rence mar-rj^, mar-riage re-pent, re-pent-ance re-mit, re-mit-tance ac-com-plish. ac-convplish-ment
at-tain,

pa-rent, par-ent-age pat-ron, pat-ron-age per- son, per- son- age

per-form, per-form-ance
ful-iil,

ful-fil-ment

car-ry,

car-riage

aom-mand,

com-mand-ment
XII.

Example
Words ending
les-sor',

in or over and ee, the former noting the agent, an<i the latter the person, to wliom an act is done.

les-see'

ap-pel-ior',
|

ap-pel-lee'

do'-nor,
bail-or',

do-nee'
bail-ee'

cog-ni-zor' cog-ni-zee'
in-dors'-er,

in-dors-ee'

ob-li-gor', ob-li-gee' as-ign-or,as-sign-ee' mort'-ga-ger, mort-ga-gec' pay-ee' pay^or,

'

Example
Words ending
in
ity,

XIII.
le-gal-i-ty

denoting power, capacity, state, &Ct

|

in-firm, m-irrm-i-ty
a-ble,
a-bil-i-ty

le-gal,

mor-tnl, mor-tal-i-tj
pos-si-bil-i-t}^.

pos-si-ble,

con-form,
chris tian,

con-form-i-ty
chris-tian-i-ty

pop-ii-lar,

pop-u-lar-i-ty

sin-gu-lar,
fea-si-]:>Ie,

sin-gu-hr-i-ty
fea-si-bii-i-ty

com-pat-i-ble
ini-pen-e-tra-ble,

com-pat-i-bil-i-ty
im-Xien-e-ti*a-bil-i-tr

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

lOf

Example XIV.
Verbs or affirmations, formed by the terminations ize and m^

Gen-er-al,gen-er-al-ize fmo-ral,
le-gal,

le-gal-izc

jour-nal,

mor-al-ize jour-nal-iz

tyr-an-ny, t}T-ran-nize
au-thcr,
bas-tai'd,

can-on,
(strait,

can-on-ize
strait-en

meth-od, meth-od-ize |har-nio-ny,har-mo-nize

au-thor-ize
bas-tard-ize Kvide, wi'-den, or

S3^s.tem,
eiv-il,

sys-tem-ize
civ-il-ize

wid-en
'length,

length-en

Example XV,
Words in which the
sense
is

changed by prefixmg; a

syllable, o^r

syllabiei.

Ap-pear, dis-ap-pear
al"iow,

o-vergrow
look,

dis-ai-low

o-bey,
o-blige,
es-teeni,

dis-o-bey
dis-o-blige

run,
take,

o-ver-look o=ver-rim

O'Vertake
o-ver-tliTow
o-ver.tiirn

dis-es-tcem pos-se.sSi dis-pos-scss mi^>ap-ph' aij-ply,

ihrow,
turn,

beJnve, mislX'-have
in-foi-m,
xi'iis

in-forrii

re-ad-mit a.s-sniae, re-as-siime em -bai k ,re-em-bai'k

ad-mit,
en- force, re-en-force add, sii-per-add a -bound bu -per-a-bouni w eave, in-ter- weave
,

dc-cclve, im-dc-ccivt

work}
,

un-der-work
i
:

Gp^e-rate-^i-op- er ate

en - gj^c pre c gage ma-ture, pre-ina-tiire

hee, Sight, pkjit,

fore- see

num-ber, out-num-ber
rua,
fee -bie,

foresight
tiuins-piant

out-run
e a- iee-ble

coni^pose, de-com-pose
act,

no-bic,

en-no- ble

coun-ter-act

tlO

An Eas^

Standard of Pronunciatlen*

Example XVI.
Names formed from
qualities

by change of termination.

Long, length
strong, strength
Examples of various

deep, hjgh,
derivatives

depth
liighth

dry,
widfe,

drouth width
word.

from ne

root, or radical

Boiin-ty, boun-te-ous, boun-te-ous4y, boun* te-ous-ness, boun-ti-ful^ boun-ti-ful-ly, bounti-ful-ness.

3eau-ty,

beau-te-ous, beau-te-ous-ly, beaute-ous-ness, beau-ti-iril, beau-ti-ful-ly, beauti-ful-ness, beau-ti-fy.

art-fui,
art-ful-]}',

Art,

art-ful-ness,

art-less,

art-less-ly., art-less-ness.

Con-form, con-form-i-ty, con-form- a-ble, confcrm-a-bly, con-form- ist, con-form-a-tion, con-form-a-ble-ness. Press, press-m-e, im-press, im-press-ion, impress-ive, im-press-ive-ly, corn-press, Comprcss-m-e, com-press-ion, com-press-i-ble, com-press-i-bil-i-ty, in-com-press-i-ble, Inccni-press-i-bil-i-ty, de-press, de-press-ion, sup-prebs, sup-press-ion. Grief, griev-ous, giiev-ous-ly, griev-ance, aggrieve, At-tciul, at-tend-ant, at-tend-ance, at-ten-tion, ai-ten-tive, at-ten-tive-iy, at-ten-tive-ness.

Fa-vor, fo-vor-ite,

fii-vor-a-bie,

fa-vor-a-bly,

f ,-\or-a-i>le-ness, fa-vor-it-ism, un-fa-vor-aun-fa-vor-a-bly, uivfa-vor-a-ble-i4ess, ble,

Ah Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

Compound Words,

Hi

Ale house
ap pie tree bed fel: low

bed chain ber

bee hive

cop per plate day light di ning room Charles town

gin ger bread

grand child

New hft vcn New york

ink stand ju ry man land tax
lap

book

sell er

George town dress ing room

drip ping pan earth quake el bow chair fer ry man
fire

but ter milk can die stick

chain shot cher ry tree ches nut tree

dog
^

shins pa per mill

moon
ti tie

arms
shov
el

cop y book

fire

page Yale col lege

OBSERVATIONS.
who lives by chance. are more willing to induic;e in easy vices, liian to practice laborious Wrtues. man may mistake tlie love of virtue for the practiccf it; and be less a p-ood man, than the friend of goodness* Without frugality, none can be rich; and with it, few would be poor. Modei-iition and mildness, often effect v/hat cannot be done by force. Persian writer finely obsen'ts^ that " a gentle hand leads the elephant liiniself by a hair.**
seldom
lives frugally,

He

Most men

The most
errors.

necessary part of learnmg

is,

to imleaj'n

aur

Small parties make up in diligence what they want in numbers. borne talk of ibjects which' they do not understand; others praise virtue, v, ho do not practice it. No persons are more apt to ridicule or censure otliers, than those who are most apt to be gjiilty of follies and
faults.

1 1^

An Easy Standard of Pronmciation.

TABLE XL VII.
Irregular ivordsy not comprised in the foregoing
tables.
Written.

Pronounced,

Written,

Pronouneed,
ile ile

A ny
bat teau

en ny
bat to

isle
isl

and

and

beau

beaux been

bo boze
bin

ma ny
o cean
says
said

men ny
o shun
sez sed

bu reau bu ry bu sy
CO
lo nel
iwiut

bu ro berry
biz sy

cur nel

soo sous shoog ar su gar vis count vi count

boy

ho boy

wo men wim
Pronounced,

ia

Written,

Ap
bel

ro pos

ap pro

pa

ks

let tres

bel let ter

bu si ness flam beau

die vaux de frisc en ten dre
port man teau right Ous The compoumlsand

biz ness flam bo

shev o de freeze en taim der

port
ri
derivatives

man

ten
rule.

chus
foHow the same

OBSERVATIONS.
man for your friend, for a vicious man can neither love long, nor be long beloved-, The friendships of the "wicked are conspiracies against morality and social happiness. More persons seek to li?c long, though long life is not in their power; than to live wfcHj though a good life defends cm tlfeir own vriiW.
Seek a virtuous

An Easy Standard o/Fronunciaticn.

an acre.
five

1 13

USEFUL LESSONS, JOHN can tell how many square rods of gi'ound make
Let me hear him. Three feet make a yard yards and a half make a rod or percli ; forty stjuare rods make a rood or one quarter of an acre, and one hundred and sixty square rods make an acre. One team will plow an acre in a day sometimes more. In solids, forty feet of round timber, ov iifty feet of cord of wood contains one he-Avn timber, make a ton. hundred and twenty eight solid feet th^t is, a pile four

and eight feet long. In cloth measure, tv/o inches and a fifth m?Jve anail, four nails, one quarter of a yard thirty six inches or three feet make a yardthree quiirtei s of a yard make an ell Flemish and five quarters, make an English ell. Let us exaniin the weights used in our own country. How are heavy goods weighed ? By avordupois weight sixteen ounin which sixteen drams make an ounce tv/cnty eight pounds, one quarter of a ces, one pound hundred four quarters, or one hundredandtwelvepuunds make a hundred and twenty hundreds, one ton.
feet high, four feet w^ide,

By this weight, are sold hay, sugar, coifee, and all heavy goods and metals, except gold aixl silver. What is troy weight? It is that by which is estimated, the quantit-y of gold and silver, jewehyj and ihe imgs sold by the druggist and apothecary. In troy weight, twenty four grains make a -penny Aveight and twelve ounces, one tAventy pennyweights, one ounce pound. These are the divisions used by the silversmith and jeweller. But the apothecary uses ?i different division, and in his weight, tv/enty grains make a scruple eight dram"), one omice three scruples one dram and, twelve oimces, one pound. The dollar is one hundred cents; but the value of a pound, shilling and penny, is different, in different States, and m England. English money is called SterlingOne dollarisfourshillingsand sixpence sterling in New England and Virginia, it is six shillings in New York and North Carolina, it is eight shillings in New Jersey, PennsyhTinia^elaware and Maryland, it is seven skUilngr? 2

114
anci six

An Easy Standard of Prominciiition^

pencein South Carolina and
Georgia,
it is

four,

shillings

and eight pence. Eut tl>ese differences give great trouble, and will soon be laid aside as useless, money will be reckoned in dollars and cents.

^^

JnhabitanU of the United States according to thcr^ census of 1^00, New Hampshire i 83, 00 Massachusetts 575,000 Rhode Island 70, 000 Connecticut 251 ,000 Vermont 154, 000 New York 586, 000 New Jersey 211, 000 Pennsylvania 604, 000 Delaware 64, 000 Maryland 322, 000 Virginia 886,000 North Carolina 478, 000 South Carolina 345, 00 Georgia 162, 009 Kentucky 220, 000 Tennessee 1 37, 000
^

OBSERVATIONS

and

MAXIMS.

of duty, is always the path of safety. Be very cautious in believing ill of your neigWb^r ; but more cautious in reporting it. It requires but little discernment to discover the imperfections of others ; but much humility to acknowledge our own. Many evils incident to human life apeunavoidable ; but no man is vicious, except by h^^ own choice. Avoid vicious company^ where the good are often made bad, and the bad worse. If the good ever associate Avith evil mea, it should be for the same i-eascn as a physician visits the sick, not to catch the diseascj but to cure it, Some people are lost for want of good advice but B^ore f&r want f giving heed to it.

THE path

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation* TABLE XLVIIL

.

115

The most

usual

Names of MeUy

116

An Easy

Ah Eaxy Standard of Pronunciation, Re bee' ca Ma ri' a Kath' a rine

Lore

17

118

An Easy Standard of Pronuncmtion

A
Go

lex an' dri a,

per' nic us,
i

A lex an' dri an

Ci" ce
ro' ni

Ci" ce ro,

an

Ep
Ga'

cu' rus,
iee.

Co per' nic an Ep r cu' re an

Gal
li le'

li

an
tan

Ma horn' et,
Sad du
Phar'
i

Ma horn' e
Piaton'ic
Pla' to nist

cee'.

see,

Sad du ce' an Phar i sa' ic

Pla'to, Pla' to nhm

Chal de' a, Cy re' ne

Gil' e ad,

Chal de' an

Cy re'
Gil' e

ni an

ad

iie

Her' od
Ish'

He
el

ro' di

ans
it

ma
i

Ish'

ma
i i

el ite

Mid' Tyre

an

Mid'
Tyr'

an an

TABLE
tinenty

XLIX.
Con-.

Pameft of the principal Covntries on the FMstem

of

the adjective belon^-ing to each^ the namt the People^ and the chief Town or City-^

accented
Country,
Adjective.

Peohle,

Chief Cities.

A'

sia,

Af ri ca, Af ri
Aus'
tri a,

A siat' ic,
tri

A
"^^

siat' ics,

Aus'
^'

can, an,

AP ri cans,
Ans'
or
tri
,

ans,

Vi
J

en' na

A ra' bi a, A f
'

^^=' '? T hi an,

ri'ne,

f A

'''

^"^'

Tab's,

iMec'
Al
t
'

ca

AI

gie'rs,

Al ge

AI ge

rines,

gi'ers
1

Brit' ain,

Brit' ish,
lish,

Eng' land, Eng'

Brit' ons, ^ Engaish, 5

^^^ ^^^
Ed' inburgli

Scot' land, Scotch,

Scots,

rreln.d,.rrish,

\\^Z.,

H4 be/ni a. Hi ber' ni an,Hi ber' ni ans J

Dub'

lb.,

An Easy St atidard of Pronunciation.

Country*
Adjective,

II9

People,

Chief Cities*
ans,

Wales

Welch,
a.

Welch' men,

Bo he' mi
Chi' na,

Bo he' mi an, Bo he' mi

'

Prague
Pe' kin
Bas' tia
or

4 pt^v^^ ^

Chi

ne'se,
si

Cor'

si ca,

Cor'
17 E

si

can, Cor'

cans,

Den' mark, Da'

nish,
/

Danes,
/ -.

Copenha'gea
'

Er

gypt,

Eu' rope, Fla^' ders,

rsel

ro, 1? E gyp' tians, i Ca'i^^ | ^^j Eu ro pe' an, Eu ro pe' ans,

. gyp' tian,

Flem' ish,
gi an,
lie,

gi

um, Bel
Gal'
r-

Fltra' ings, 1 Bel gi ans, J

g^, ^^

France,
f>

French^

French,
or

*)

Gaul, '

> Par' is \ ' can, J Fran co'ni a, Fran co'ni an,Franco'nians, Wiirts'burg
,
,

Gdvv
^
>-,

^ Gauls,

li

Ger'many, ^
'

Ger man

,.

ic J

Ger' mans, Vi en' na '

Ba
r
>

va' ri a,
a.
.'

Gen' o
>

Ba va' ri an, Ba va' ri ans, Mu'nich Gen o e'se. Gen o e'se, > ^
-r

Li gu ri a Greece,
Hoi' land, '

j^i

gu

'

ri an,

Li gu

'

S-

ri

ans, J

Gen' o

Gre' cian,

Greeks,
^j'-^'f^^'

Ath' ens
}

Dutch, ^

Am sterdam
Hague

Hoi landers V
ans, J

Ba ta'

vi a,

Ba ta' vi

an,

Ba fe' vi

Hun' ga TV,
[t'

ly,
'

'

Hun ga'ri an.Hun ga' ri ans ^"q { J"Jf 5 ] *^i; if' I I tai' i ans, Rome ^1 tai ic,
'

['ce

land,
dl a

Ice land' fin di an. In' li

ic,

land ers, In' di an, 1 In

I'ce

'n'

jHin'du,
t Hin' doo,

Hin'dus,

Del' hi

Xi

du' Stan,

a pan', Ui laa e'se. VIo roc' CO,

Gen' too, Jap an e'se,

Hin' doos, J Gen' toos, Jap an e'se,

Cal cut' ta

Ma

drass

Mi

Ian e'se,

Mi

Ian e'se,

Mi Ian'

d a'

p!eG,

Bloor' ish, Moors, Fez Ne a poi"i tan jlS^e a pol'i taas,Na' j)ks

120

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

Adjective.

Country,

Peo^e.
an,

Chief Cities,

Nor' way,
Per' sia,

Nor we' gi
Per' sian,

Nor we'gians,Bcr'gea
Per' sians,
Is P/eaf mon te'se,

pa hau'

Vitd mont', Vi^d mon te'se,

Po' land, Po' lish,

Tu rin'

I ^i^^tZl \ Por' tu gal, Por' tu gwese, Por' tu g?^ese., Lis' bon Prus' sia, Prus' sian, Prus' sians, Ber' lin Rus' sia, Rus' sian Rus' sians, Pe'tersburg
Si" ci ly,
Si
a,
cil'
i

War' saw

an,

Si

cil'

ans,

Palermo

Spain Sar din'

Span' ish, Sar din' i an,

Swe' den,

Swe'dish,

Span' iarcls, drid' Sardin'ians, CagliaVi Swedes, Stock' holm

Ma

Swit'zer laud, Swiss

Sax' o ny Sax' on,

Swiss
Sax' ons,

i'

Swa'

hi a,

Swa'
Turk'

bi an,
ish,

Swa'

hi

den ans,Augs'burg
Dx'es'

Tur'key,
1 ar ta ly

Turks,
^
*^^

^^^. ^^'"^

^ ^ ..^ta'ri an /

^^'^^

1 Tbi'
Tu'

bet
nis

Tu

nis

Tu nis' ian,

Tu nis'ians,

Tus' cans, Tus' ca ny, Tus^ cans, Flor* ence Si am e'&e, Si' am, Si am c'se, Si aKi* Ton' quin, Ton quin e's, Ton qui Ac'se,Tougtoo' Ven' ice, Vent'tiai^, Ve ne' dauSj Venice

In America,

A met'

en,

A mer'

can,

A mr'

cam

Slates,

New Hamp' shire,

Mas
Bfnine, in sa chu' setts

Chief Tonms, Po'rts mtouth

f Fo'rt land

F(^o/iie,

1 Bos' ton rBcn ning

Bos
ton,
"I

to' ni

ans

Ver monl'

4 Hut' land, iWiiid' sor

> Ver mont'

An Easy
States.

Standard of Pronunciation.
Chief Townti,
People,

121

Rhode

i's

land,

{Prov'

dence

^
if

1
j

Rhode
X'^landeM,

Con nee'

ti

cut

Nsivv'port r Hart' lord, X Nev^ ven

\W

LNew

Xew

York,

Lon' don Xev/ York and

")

lAl'bany
r Tren' ton,

-^t y.r Ne^York'er*

\

E liz' a beth town Prince' toii, indNew' ark Penn svl va' ni '' r i'hil a del phi a, ") Penn syi va'ni ans \ Lan' cas ter, j Del' a ware, Wil' niiag ton i^ Do' ver {I5al' ti more and ) Ma' ry landMa' ry land An nap' o Hs ers j rnicn mond. Klch' mond,

New Jer' sey

Vir

[Nor' folk ew oem, North Car o li'na, \ Wii' ming to

J:'d^nton, South Car o li'na, j Charles' ton,

gm

a,

-j

"J
I

ex

an' dri a,

\
J

Vir gin'

asi

i
p

Car o lin' i ans

Co lum' hi

a
1

J
,^
,
.

Ge

or' g! a,

Sa van' na,

lAagus'taj
Lex' ing ton, Nash' viilf,
Chil
li

^'^

^"^

S^ ^*^

Ken Ten

tuck' y.

nes see',
ian' a.

Ken tuck' i ans Ten nes se' ans

an*

hi' o,

co' tlia

Lou is

New Or' leans. Lou is ia' ni

Brilhh^ Spaniah
I-

am

Portutr' -- Amerua* Less ^

People.
bee',

Frovinct.u

CIuefToKxxm,

?*Can'ada, Brons' wick, No' va Sco' tia

New
'

Que

Ca na'

di acf

St, Joiins

p.. Flor'

da
da,

W.

Hal' i hjL All gus ti'ne

Fioir'

Pen

sa co' la

122

Jn Easy Standard of ProHuneiatim,

Provinces.

Chief Toiims.

People.

Mex'
Pe
ru'

CO,

Mex'
St.

co,

Mex'
Chil'

Chi'ii,

Ja'go,
to,

Li' ina,

Pe

cans ans ru' vi ans

i
i

Qui'

to,

Qui'

Par a gua'y, Bra zir,

Buen' os ayres,
St. aal

vado're,

Bra zil' i ans

TABLE

L.

Chief Rivers on the Eastern CoJitinent. In EUROPE.

Dan' ube

Loir^

Scheldt'-^

Don, or

Ta

na'is

Med' way Maes

^vlo
sell'e?

Sev' em Shan' non

Drave Du' ro Dwi' n-a E'bro Elb^

Seme
Soone

Eu

ro' tas
ier

N/e' per, or Bo rist' he nes Nie' men N?e' ster 0' dtr

Tay
Ta'gus
T/zames
Ti' ber Vis' tu la We' ser Wol' ga or Vol' ga

Ga ro'nn^
Gua' del quiv

Pe

ne'

Vks

Po
R/zone
R/^lne
Pronounced Shelt.

Gua di an' Hum' ber

a
*

In

ASIA,
O'by
Ox'UB Pegu'

A rax' es
A'va

Ir' lis

Cu ban' Eu phra'
Gan' .c-es Ha' lys

Jen i see' Kur, or

tea

Cy' rus

RAa
Ti' gris

Ir/ dus, cr

Smd

Me au' der Me non' Me c>>n'

y el low, cr Ho ang' h

An Easy
Ba
gra' da, or ger'

Standard of Projmnciation.
In

12S

AFRICA.
Or' ange

Me
Nile

da

e gal' Ni' ger, or Jol i ba'

Sen

Gau rit'z

Oceans,

At

Ian' tic

Pa

cif ic
Seas

In' di an

Bal' tic

Eu'x ine

Me o' tis,
ne an A' zoph

9r

Cas' pi an

Med

ter ra'

Bays and GulJSi.

clri at' ic

Bai"

fins

Cal i for' ni a Ches' o peak

Fun' dy Hud' sons

Bis' cay
Botli' ni a

Cha

leu'r

Mex'
Ri
ga'

Fin' land

Lakes in Europe and Asia*

As
Co'

plial' tis

Ge

ne'

va

Lu ga' na

Bai' kal

mo
stance'
'

Con

Gar' da Is' CO La do' ga

iji

Mag

gi o'rc

O ne' ga Wi nan'

Iloiintains

Europe^ Africa and Asia*

Alps

124

An Easy
a zon, or a non

Standard of Pronunciation.

ChieJ Rivers in America,

Am'
Mar'

Ja ne'/ rp James, or

Pe

dee'

Ai' ba ny

Pow hat
y
i

tan'

Ap

a lach'
lach'

Roan o'ke Rap pa han' roc

Rar'
i

Ap' a

co' la

Ar' kan saw Al ta ma haw'

Kan ha' wajr Ken tac' ky Ken ne htd

. '"Jl^ La mod

ton

An dros
.

cog' gin

^ r,. Bnf'falo
Cum' her land
Chat
ta ho'

chy

Mis Mis

, ^.

si

sip

pi

so nej

g^ ^^^ ^^ San tee' Sa lu' da Sa til' la S'us que han' Schuyi kill
g^. ^, ^^
g^,^/

na:

Clar' en don, or

Musk

Cape Fear

Mi

ing"iim am' i

^^

Chow

an'

Mo bill'
i^Ioose

Con nee' ti cut Mia slsk' o Co lum' bi a, or Mer' ri mac

g^^^/ ^^^ c John

g^^

j^|^

Ta

co'

Chau
Del'

di

chy eVe

Ma ken
Nuse
Nei' son

zis

g J^/ ^^ g^^g ^^ ^^aw' g^ ^^^^

Sagunau'
Tennessee' Tu'gulo

aware

dis'to

Elk
Flint

O O hi' o O gee/

ro no'ke

Tom big'
chy

hf

On' ion

Un

ji

ga

Hack' en sac Hou sa ton' uc

U ta was'
bosh ^ au^f ^f
lYf^^

Hock hock' Hud' son

Ilknois'
I'

ing

Par a gua'y, or Plate

Pa

to'

mac

Pecrl Pascal' a way

York

ro quois, or

Pe
Pas

nob' scot
sa' ic

Ya zoo

St.

Law' rence

Ati

Easy Standard of PrGnnnciatlon,

Lakes in America.

125

Cay u' ga Gan a dar' qua

Moose head

Su

pe' ri or

Cham
E'
rie

pla'in

Memfrema'gogTez cu' co Ot se' go Um' ba gog

O
gan'

ne-i'

da
ri

George Hu' ron

On ta' On an

o
go

Win' ni pis i Win' ni pic

o'

gy

da'

Wa' que
or

fa no'

Mish i

Sen' e ka

O'ka

fa

ga no'ke

TABLE
Names of Cities^ Towns
tainsy Lakes, Islands,
y

LI.

Counties ^ Rivers^ Mowi' Bays, ^c\ in America.

first syllable^

The

following have the accent on the

A
:Ab' er corn Ab ing don Ab ing tn Ab se con Ac ton

Ad ams
Ac worth
Al ba ny Al bi on
Al ford Al lens town All burg
Al
lo

An do ver An ge lo An ge los An trim An rill Aq ue fort Arm strong

Ar ling ton Ar row sike Ar uba Ash bum ham
Ash by Ash field
Ash ford

Av

on Ayers toa

B
BaJrds town

Ba kers field Ba kers town

Ball toivn
ti more Ban gor

Bai

way

A.U saints

^/ms bu ry
'^l

stead

\.m boy V.m e lins

Ime

km

well herst

Ash ton Ash we lot As sa bet Athol At kin son At de bo rou^

Bar ba ra Bar nard Bar ne ve'lt Bar ne gat Bar net Barn sta bl^ Barn sted Bar re Bar rets toR. Barring ton
Bart
Bai*
let
teait:

Av

a Ion
ril

3ter

dam

A ve

L2

126

An Easy Standard

cf Pronunciation..

AnEa^y Standard of Promincialmi,

Cal ders burg Cal la o Cal vert
Charles ton
Ch:^rles

127

town

Charle ton

Col ches ter Cole brock Con cord

Cam Cam

bridge

den
bell

Char Char
Chsat

lott^
lottos vill^

Con

v/ay

Coots towa

Camp

ham
ham

Cam po l>el lo Camp ton

Ca naan Can dia Can ons burg Can so
Can Can
Car Car Car Car Car Car
ter
to?i

Chtlms ford
Chel ssa Chel ten

Cor inth Cor nish Corn wail

Cort iandt Cov en try Cov/ pens

bu ry

di

gan

ibs los

Chesh ire Ches ter Ches ter field Ches ter town Chick o py Chi ches ter Chip pe ways
Chil mark Chitt en den

Cox hail
Crab or char J Cran ber ry Cra ney Crans ton Cra ven

mel mel o
ne ro

Craw

ford

Cams vill^
Car o line Gar ter Car ter et Car ters villf Car ver Cas CO
C?vS tie

Cross wicks Chris tians burg Cro ton Chris tian sted Crown point Chris to phers Croy den Church town Cul pep per Ci" ce ro Cum ber land Clar en don Cum ming ten Chirks burg Cus CO Clarke s town Cush e tunk
Clarkes- viXie Clav er ack

Choc taws

ton

Cas tie town Cas well

Clm ton
Clineh Clos ter

Cush ing Cus sens Cus si tall

Cock burntf Cham bers burg Cock er mout Chap el hill Coey mans Ghaace ford Cokes bu ry

Cato Cav en dish Cay mans Ge cil Cen ter

D
Dal ton

Cob ham Co bles hill

Dan bu ry Dan by Dan vei's

Dan

vill^^

D^hy

128 Dar Dar

An Easy
i

Standardof Pronunciathn,

en

ling ton

Dart m^uth

Dux bo \Qugh Dux bu ry Dy ber ry

Er

vin

Es qui maux Es sex

Est her town

Dau

phin

Da vid son Ded ham

Deer field Deer ing

E
Eas
ter ton

Eus

tace

Ev

ans

ham

Den nis Den ton

Dept ford

East ham East on East town

Eves ham

Ex
Fa

e ter

Ea ton Ea ton town

F
bi us

Derby
Der ry Der ry field Dig by
Yy'igh

E den Edes ton

Ed
gar ton

ton

Dis mal Don ne gal

Edg^ comb Edg# field Edgtf mont

Dor ches ter Dor lach Dor set Dcug las

Ef fing ham Egg har bar

Eg mont Eg re mont
Elbert El bert son Elk Elk horn Elk ridg^. Elk ton El ling ton
Ellis

Fair fax Fair field Fair lee Falk land Fal m(3uth Fals ing toa Fan net Fa quier Far ming ton

Fay

ett? ville^

Fays town

Down
Dra

ings cut

Fed

er als burg

Fells point

Dres den Dro more

Drum mond
Dry den Duck creek Duck trap

Fer ris burg Fin cas tlf Find ley Fish ers field Fish kill
Fitch bui'g Flat land Flem ing ton Fletch er Flints ton

El more

Dud ley
Dan cans burg Dun der burg Dun sta bl* Dur ham Duch ess

Em mits burg
E E
no
nos burg phig
soaa

En field Dum mer Dum mers town En glish to-wn

Ep Ep

Flower town
Floyd
Flush ing Fol low field

Ear rol:

An Easy
For
est er ton

Standard of Prominciaden.

129

Hav

130 An Easy Sta^idard of Pr onmiaatim* Hat te ras Hoi lis ton y

er ford er straw

Hols ton

Ha ver hill
Hav

Ho mer
Hon ey goe
Hooks town

Jack son Jack sons burg^

Jaf frey

Haw
Hawke

Ja go

Haw kins Haw ley

Hay
cock

Hoo Hop Hop

sac kin ton kins Hope well

James James towa

Jay
Tef far son

Heath

Horn town
Horse neck Hors ham

Jekyl
j enk in towit Jer e m/e Jer i C8 Jer sey Jolins bu ry John son John son burg.

He

bron

tor Hei die berg Hell gate

Hec

Horton

Ho

sac

Hem lock
Hemp field
Hen ni ker Hen ri co Henry
Her ke mer
Hert ford ats town Hick mans Hi^^ gate

bard ton ber ton Hu^^j" burg

Hub Hub

Hurn mels town Johns town

Hi

Hun ger ford Hun ter don Hun ters town Hun t'ijag don
Huntington Hunts burg
Hunts-vilU

Johns ton Jones Jones burg Jop p?i

Jore

"R^gh land HiUs dale Hills burg Hill town

Hur ley
Hydfs park

Ju diih Ju Han Ju li et Ju ni us
A-"

Hines burg

I
lb ber vill^ In gra ham In \^er nesi

Hing ham
Hins dale Hi ram Hit ton Ho bok Hoi den Hoi der ness Hoi land Hoi Us

Kaats

kill

Keene
Kei
lys

burg

wich I ras burg

I}>tt

Ire dell Ir vin

I^les

Ken net Ken no mic Ken sing ton

Kent

burg

Kep
Ker

lers
is

lalip

son gar.

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

Ker shaw
Kick a mmt Kil ling ly Kil ling ton Kil ling v/orth

131

Le on
Leon ards
tov/n

Lur gan Lut ter lock

lyy

Lev

er ett

man

Le

vi

Lyme
Lynch burg Lynde burg

Kim

bac

King less Kings bu ry Kings ton

Lew is Lew is burg Lew is town

Lex
ing ton
Li'y den Lib er lyLien te uau Lick ing

Lyn den
L}'iin

Lynn

field

King

Vr'ood

Ly

ons
tra

iCit te
-^noti;]

ry ton

Lys

KnoK
Knotil ton

^nox

v'llle

Kort right

er ick stone Lin co/n Lin co/n tOAvn Lind ley

Lim

31

Lime

Mac o keth Mac o pin Mad bu ly Mad son

i

Z
Lab
ra dor

Lam pe ter Lam prey

Lan cas ter Lang don
Lanes bo rough Lan sing burg

Litch field lAt tie burg Lit tie ton

Maid stone Maine

Liv er more Liv er pool Liv jng ston

Lockdr

Make field Mai a bar Mai den Mar o nee

Lock

arts bui'g

Law

renctf

Lo

gaai

Lau Tens Lea cck

Leb
Lees burg a aon Leeds
high
ing to^

Logs town Lon don der ly

Lon don grove

Look out

Lou don
Loch a bar

Man ca Man chac Man ches ter Man heim Man li us Man ning toa Man or Man sel
Mans
field

Le

Lef/rej ter

Lem

Lou Lou
Lo}-

is ville
is
?.l

town
5/OC

Mar ble ton Mar ga reu vill^

M-ir got
Pm arl
i^o

Lemus ter Len ox Le o gane Leom in stcr

xQygb

Luin

i;r

ton

Mar low
Mcup!^

Lu

con burg

152 An Easy Standard of Fi onunciation, Mil lers town Nau ga tuc Marsh field iMar tic Nave sink Mill stone

Mar
Mas

tin

ISIar tins

burg
villfT

Mill town Mil ton

Mfu* tins
CO

my

Ma son
jMas sac

Min gun Min goes Min i sink

Mis
tic

Naz a reth Ned dick Need ham

Nel son

Mas ti ^on Mat thews

Mo hawk
Monk
ton

Nes CO pec Nesh a noc Nev er sink

May

field

Mead viil^ Meek len burg

Mon m&uth Mon son Mon ta gue

Mont mo rin Moore Moore field Moose head More land More

Med field Med ford Med way

M end ham
Mer cer Mer cers burg Mere dith Mc^ meg M?r on Mero Mes sers burg
i
i

New ark New burg New bu ry New bu ry port New found land New rng ton New Iin New market
Nev.^ ton

New tow.n
Nit
ta

Mor gan Mor gan town Mor ris towm Mar ris v'lUf

ny
ton

Nix on

No

IVTid

Mid Mid

Mc//1 ton berg Mul li cus an cy dhj bo rough die bu ry Mar frees burg

burg None such Noot ka

ble

Nor Nor

die field

M id die hook
Mid Mid Mid Mid
Mi.T
die berg
ile

My

ers

town

ridge woe ri ton North bo rough Nortl) bridge Nortli field North port

burg:

vie sex
die ton

Nan je my Nun ti coke Nan ti mill

Nash Nash u a Nas ,au
Natch
ea

North wood

M'^d die town

Mkl way
iin

Mil lord

Nor ton Nor walk Nor vray Nor wich Not ta V7ay Not ting liaia.

Mil

field

Na

tick

Nox

an

An Easy
O
Oak ham

Standard of Pronunciation,
Par tridge field Pat ter son
Pinck ney Pinck ney
Pis to let
Pitt
Pitts

133
ville

Obcd

Pan ca

tuc

O bi on O cri coc O g\e thorp O hi ope

Old town

Paw

ling

Pauls burg

burg

Paw let
Pax ton
Peach am Pea cock
Pearl

Pitts field Pitts ford

Pitts

town
tow
burg

Ons low Or angf

Plain field
Plais
Platts

Or arigtf burg Or ang^ town Or ford Or le ans Or ring ton Or v/el Os ncr burg Os si pj Os ti CO

Peeks
Pel Pel

kill

ham

i can Pern i gon Pern broke

Plum sted Plym outh Plymp ton Po land

Pen dk ton Pen guin Pen ning ton

Penns burg Penns bu ly

Pom
Pomp Pomp
Pop

fret

ton

ey

lin

O
Ot Ot

tis field

ta

was
out

ter creek
li

Ou Ox

Ovid
ford

Pack ers field Pac o let

Pal a tine

Pa/m

er
ti

Pep in Pep per el Pep per ei burg Pe quot Per ki o my Per lie an Per son Pe ter bo rough Pe ters bm-g Pe ters ham Pev tons bui'^ ^
Phil ip Phil ips burg Pick ers viUe

Por peas Por ter field

Port land
Poits m^^uth

Pot Pot

ters

ters tov/n

Potts grove Po?dt ney

Pow Pow

nai
nal burg

Pam

CO

Pan ton Pa ri a Par is Pax tang

Par sons field

Prai ry Pres cott Prcs ton Pros pect

Pic o let Pi" geon Pike land Pi iot tov/n

Prov inc^ Prov inc^ town Pru denc^ Pur n. 3 burg Put aey

154

An Easy
ker town

Qua

Standard of PronuJiciation* Rln gos town Samp son Rob ert son San born ton

Quee chy
Queens bu ly Queens town Quib ble town Quin e bang Quin cy Quin e paug

Rob e son Roch es ter Rock bridge Rock fish

Rock ford Rock hiil Rock ing ham

R
Ra by Rad nor Ra \ft\gh
Ran dolph Ran dom

Ro"

gers

ville?

Rom ney Rom o pac Rom u lus

Rose way Ros sig nol Rat ter dam

San CO ty Sand gate San dis field San down Sand wick San dy hook San dys ton Sand ford San ger field San ta cruse
Sas sa fras

Ra pha

el

Raph oc

Rowe

Raw

don

Row

ley

Sau con Sau kies Sav age Say brook Scar bo rough
Scars dale

Rah way Ray mond Rapi ham

Rays town

Rox burg Rox bu ry Roy al ton Rpy als ton

Read Red

field

Rum
Ru

ney

Sho dack Shen brun Scoo due Schay le-r

Scip
Scit
i

ing

pert

o
ate

Red

ding

Refifd ing

town

Rus sel Ruth er

ford

Reeds burg
Reel foot Reanos town

Rutiis burg

Scriv en S croon

Rye Rye

gate

Re is

S ters town Sa lem Reus se iaox Rens se l^er wick Sack viib Sad bu ry Rhine beck Sau ga tuc Rich field Sal ford Rich mond
Riclg^ field Rkl ley
Sal/s

bu ry

Rind^i?

Sam burg Samp town

Sea brook Sears burg Sedg wick See konk Se gum Sen e ka Sev em Se vi er Shafts bu ry Sham mo ny

Sham

o kia

An Easy
Shap \Q\gh Sha ron Sharks town Sharps burg Shaw ny

Standard of Pronunciatien,
Sole bu ry So Ion

13S

Stod dard
Stokes Stone ham. Ston ing ton Sto no Stou e nuck

Som Som

ers

er set

Shaw

nees

Sheep scut Shef field

Shel bum Shel by Shen an do ah Skep herds field Shep herds town Span ish town Sher bum Spar ta Ship pands town Spar tan burg" Ship pens burg bpen cer Shir ley S}X)ts wood Shong um Spring field

Son ers worirh Son go South bo rough Soudi bu ry South field S^uth ing ton S^uth %02iYk South wick

Stough ton

Stow
Straf ford Stras burg Strat ford
Strat ham Strat ton

Stums town
Stur bridge

Styx Steu ben

Stis sick

villc

Shore

ham

Spur wing

Sud
Suf

i:)u

ry

Shrews bu ry Shutes bu ry Sid ney Sims bu ry

Sing sing Sin i ca
Sin pink

Squam
Staais burg Stafford

field

Stam ford
Stand ish Stan ford Stan wix
St arks burg States burg

Suffolk^ Suf frage Sul li van

Su mans town

Sum
Sun Sun Sun Sun

Skencs burg

ner a py bu ry

Skup per nong

Skip ton

Staun ton
Ster ling

cook der land

Sku tock Slab towm Smith field

Smith Smith
to-'.vn

Steu ben Ste ven Ste vens burg

Ste ven to^vn Ste phen town
Still

Sur ly Sus sex

Sut ton

villff

S warns cot Swans burg

Sm)T na Snow hill Snow town

So dus

wa

ter

Stock bridg* Stock port

Swan sey Swan ton Swan town

Swedes burg

136 An Easy Standard of Fronunciasion, Wad me lawTrap town Syd ney

T
Tal bot

Trent

Tarn ma ny Tarn worth Xa ney town Ten saw Tar bo rough Tar ry town

Tren ton Troy

Wads worth Wad ham

Waits
field

Trnro Try on
Tuck

Wa jo mic
Wake
field

Tuf
Tul

er ton ton burg

Wak

maw

Wal den
W^ald burg

ly

Taun

ton

Tun

Teach es Tel li CO Tern pW Tern pU ton Tewks bu ry

T/zames

Tur Tur key Turn er Twig twees

yngsburg

bridge bet

Wales

Wal Wal Wal

ling ford

Wall kill Wall pack

pole sing

ham

Thet ford T/iom as Thorn as town T/zomp son Thorn bu ry Thorn torn

Tvr Tyr
Uls

ing
rel

ham

Walt ham

Wand o

U
ter

Un der hill

ni

on

Thur man Tin i cum

Tin mouth Tis bu ry Tiz on Tiv er ton Tol land

U ni ty Up ton U ca U trecht
ti

Want age Wards burg Wards bridge Ware Ware ham

0x bridge
V
Vas
sal

Tomp

burg Veal town son town Ver non

War min ster Warn er War ren War ren ton War ring ton War saw War wick
Wash
ing ton
r)^

Tops Tops ham Tor but Tor ring to Tot te ry

field

Ver Vin

shire

Vic to ry
cent

Tow
Trap

Vir gil Vol un towa

JV

er hill

Wa ter burg Wa ter bu Wa ter ford Wa ter town Wa ter vliet Waw a sink
Wayne

Towns end

Wades burg

Waynes burg

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

Weare
I

137

White marsh
AVhit paine

Wins low

Weth ers field W^i sen berg

Well fleet Wells Wen deU

White plains Whites town

Win Win
Wol

ter

ham

throp W^in ton

cott

Whi

ting

Wo bum
Wolf burg

Wen ham
Went worth Wesel
West bo
rough

Whit ting ham Wick ford Wil bra ham

Wilks Ixir re Will iams burg
Will iams port Will iam son Will iams town Wil lin burg

Wo mel dorf
Wood bridge Wood bu ry Wood creek Wood ford Wood stock
Woods
towft

Wes Wes

ter ly

tern

West field West fi^rd West ham West min ster West more West more land West on West port West town

Wil Wil Wil

ling ton
lis
lis

Wool wich

ton

Wonrs ter Wor thing ton

\\

Wills burg Wil man ton Wil rning ton

'-ent

ham

flights burg ^rights tow^n

Wey Wey

mouth
bridg/ ton

Wil mot Wil son villff

W^in chcn
clon

Wy

W\ n
Yad
Yar

an dots ton

Wydie

Whar

Whate ly Wheel mg
Wh<;e lock Whip pa ny White field

Win chcs ter Wind ham Win hall Win lock Win ni pec
Winns burg
tlie

r
kin
riiOutk

Yonk
York \ork

ers

to^vn

The foHowing hive the accent on

second syllable.

A bac' CO A bit bis

i

Al gon Al kan

kins
sas

A ca di a A quae nac A las ka

A
A

An An
Ash

til

les

to ni

An

ni a CO cus run del

me me

lia

A pu ri ma A qmd nee
cut
i

ney
beib^

M2

As

sin

138

As sump

Au Au

Easy Standard of Pronunciation, Che buc to Du page re li us Che mung Du plin ro ra Che raws
ji7i

tion

B
Bald ea gle Bal div i si Baleze Balk ham sted Bar thol o mew Bel laire
Bell grove Bel pre Ber bice

Chi a pa

E
E liz a beth E liz a beth tows

Chop tank

Chow
Cler

an

mont

Em maus
Es cam

Chic kau go Co do rus

Eu phra ta
bi a

Co Co Co

chel mus col i CO

Eu

sta tia

so pus

che cho
sa kie

Ex u ma

Cock

Ber Ber

mu da
tie
i

Bil ler

ca

Bo

q^aet

Co hoc sink Co han zy Co has set Co hoze.

Cole rain

F
Fair ha vn

Fay

ette

Fitz will iam

Flat bush Flu van na

Bos caw en Brook ha ven

C
Ca bar rus Co han sie Ca ho ki a Ca mil lus

Co lum bi a Co ne sus Con hoe ton Co hos Coo saw

Cor
dil le ras

G
Ge ne va Ge rards towja

Cam peach y Caer nar von Co nan i cut

Ca rac as Ca ran gas
Car li6le Cas tine Ca taw ba

Com wal lis

Coo
dras

Go naives Gwyn nedd

Graves end Green bush
Gwild hall

Cow e tas Cu ma na,

D
Daw fus
De De
fi

H
Ha van na
Hel

ky

anc^

Ca

Hen

val lo

troit

Cay lo ma Cay enne Caz no vi a

Din wid die Do min go

na pen Hi was see

e
lo

Hon du

ras

Cham
Char

blee

Du anes burg, Dum fr/es

Dun
bar toa
-

7
Jac mel Je ru sa Icm
.

lo

tm

jin

Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

15 f^

140 An Easy Pa munk y Pa nu CO Pa rai ba Pas sump sic Pa taps CO Pa tuck et Pa tux et Pau tuck et Pau tux et Pe gun noc Pe jep scot Pe quon uc
Per a mus Per cip a ny Per nam bu co Perth am boy
Phi lop o lis Py an ke tunk Py an ke shaws
Pier mont Pin chin a Pi o ri as Pla cen tia Po kon ca Po soom sue Port roy al

Standard of Pronunciation,

Re ho

both

Ri van na Rock on ca

Ta doo sac Ta en sa

Ros seau

Ro

siers

ma Tar pau lin Ta wan dy Ta wixt wy

Ti o ga

Row

an

S
Sag har bour
Salt ash

To

mis ca ning
pon to tu gas
Ion

Tor bay

To

San dus ky Sa rec to 3 a vil la Sa voy Sco har rie Scow he gan Se kon net Se ba go Se bas ti cook Se bas tian

Tor

Tou

Tre coth ic Trux il lo

Tunk han noc

Ty Ty Ur

bee rone

U lys ses

Sem

ban na

Port penn

Po

to si
sie

Tough keep

Pound

ridg^

Presqwe i.9le Pre sums cot Pro tect worth

V Se wee Sha wan gimk* Ver genm s Ver saints Shav/ sheen Ve nan go She nan go She tuck et Sche nee ta dy Wa cho vi a Wa chu set Skip pac Wal hold ing South amp ton Wap pac a mO' South hold Wa tau ga Stra bane Wa keag Sw^an. na no

pro ni us

Swa

ta ra

Web ham

et

T
Tap paa

Quam

pea gan
i?

BLed hook

Ta ba go Ta bas co Ta con net

West chest er West hamp to West In dies West point Wi om i CO

Pronounced, Shongnm.

An Easy
'N\

Standard of Fronunctation,

14

mac o

mac Wi nee
"Win yaw

Wis

cas set

iVin eask

Wy o ming
Con es te o Con es to go Con ga ree Coo sa hatch

The

following have the accent on tlie third syllable, and most of them a secondary accent on the Erst.

A
Kh be
\.z

viUe'

a pul CO

^c CO mac

^g \g

a men tic a mun tic a bam a ^1 a chu a W. be marl

Cagh ne wa ga Cal e do ni a Can a dar qua Can a wisk us Can i CO de c Car ib bee Car i coo
Car i boo Car tha ge na Cat a ra qua
Cat a wis sa Cat te hunk Chab a quid

Co

to

pax

Cur ri tuc Cus CO wil la Cus se wa g

\1 le

W va ra do
\m \m
a zo ni a o noo sue \in us keag

mand

D
Dem
Des
e ra ra e a

da

ic

^n ah uac \n as ta sia \n ti cos ti

A.p

Es ca ta ri Es se que b a lach i an Chic ca mog ga A.p a lach es A.p o quen e my Chick a horn i ny Chick a Kia ges Fron ti nac A.p po mat ox Freidenhuetteav A. que doch ton Chick a saw A.rch i pel a go Chil ho wee Chil lis quae A.U gus tine Chim bo ra zo Gal li op o lis Chris ti an a Gen ne see B as ken ridg^ Gen e vieve Clar e mont Bel vi dere Cin cin na tiis Grad en huet tem Bag a duce Con a wa go / Beth a ba ra Con a wan go In di an a Bux a loons Con dus keag Con e dog we net C Kar a tunk Co ne mau^/a Cach i may o Kas ki nom pat Cock a la mus

Char le mont Chat a ho chy Chat a nu ga Cher o kee Chet i ma chas

E
Eb En
en e zer o ree

142 An Easy Standard of Pronunciation* ^ Kay da ros so raMus ko gee Port to bac co Ken ne bunk N Put a wat o mi|
Kick a poo Kin der hook

Na hun
Nan
se

keag

mond

Kis ke man i tas Naii do wcs sy Kit ta ning Ni-c a ra gua Kit ta tin ny Nip e gon

Quern a ho

niii

R
Reg
o
lets

Lach a wan na Lech a wax en Let ter ken ny Lit tie comp ton Oc co chap po Oc CO neack y Mach a noy Oc co quan

Niv er nois Nock a mix on Nol a chiic ky

Riv er head Rock e mo ko

S
Sag a mond Sag a naum Sag en da go Sal va dore
Sar a nac Sar a to ga Sax e go ths Scat e cook Seb a cook

Oc to ra ro Mag da le na Mag e gad a vie On a hish ka

Ma gel Ian Ma gel la ni a

Mar
a cai bo

Os sa baw Os we gach y Ot o gam ies

Man a han Mar ble head

Mar
Mas
]Mar cus hook ga ret ta
et ta

P
Pak a n@k Pan a ma Pan mar
i

Sem
it
i

nolcs

Sin e pux ent

bo

Pas ca go la Pas quo tank Fas sy unk Pat a go ni a Mel a v/as ka Mem fre ma gog Pern a quid
sa nu ten !RIau re pas

Ma ri

Scan e at e tesSoc an da ga Spot syl va ni

SiAr
i

nam

Mack

naw

Pen
Per Per

Mi

ro goane
sin abe

sa co la qui minr>
ki

Tal la see Tal a poo sy Tap pa han not

Mis Mis

o
e

men
min

The

a kik

Mo Mo

quash hon ton go non ga lia

si

Pitts syl

va ni a Tib e ron

Pluck

Tow
To To
to

men

sin

Mont

Mor ris

re al se

Po Po

na

ca hon tas CO moke Pont char train

ne wan to

wa
a hoc

Tuck

Moy

men
The

sing Por to bel lo

Tu

cu

man

popular pronunciation of MishiUmackinac

An Easy Standard of Pronunciatwn,

ul pe

145

hock en

W
Wah
Wil
VvV
que tank
li

us ca ro ra

Wy a lux ing Wv o noke

r
Yu
ca tan

U
""

man

tic

na

dil la

"Win ne ba go
a lu sing

nal ha

ven

Yoh o ga ny

The

following are accented on the fourth syllable.

Can a jo har ry Can a se ra ga Can e de ra go

Chick a

Om pom pa noo sue

i

Mo non ga he

la

ma com

co

Pas sam a quod dy Pern i ge was set

Cob

bes e con ty

Co hon go ron to Con e go cheag

Dam
Mish

c ris cot ta
al lee

Eas tan

Quin sig a mond Rip pa ca noe Sag a da hoc Sax a pa haw Ti con de ro ga

Kish a CO quil
il li

las

Wa nas

pe tuck et

mack

a nac*

Pronoimced, MackiHaw.

Islands of the JVest Indies,

lH guil' la

Per

to

ri'

co

ti'

gua*

Eu
Ore

sta' tia

To

a ha'

ma

na'

da

er mu' da ar ba' does ar bu' da

Gau da lou'peH Hay ti cr

His pan i o' la Ja rna'i ca Ivlar i ga lant' Miq ue Ion'

ba' go Trin i dad' Sant a Cruse

St.Christ'ophers St. Lu cia^

St. St.

ur a so' lu'ba

Mar'

tins

T^om'

as

>om
*

in

i' i^

jlar tin

cof coj

St. Vin' cent

Mont

ser rat'
| Domineke. ^ f-l<i.nmekeo ^ Saint Luzee.

Pronounced, Antega. Portoreko. Guadaloop. (j

144

An Easy

Standai'd ef Pronunciation,

145

TABLE
AIL,
to l)e troubled

LIII.
in spelling

Words of the same sound^ but different and signification.

AJe, malt liquor Ak', an element Are, plural of is or Heir, to an estate All, the -whole

EoAv, to slioot with Boau, a gay fellow

am

lired, brought up Bread, food

Bur

ro^v',

for rabbits

Bo

rough, a town coip-

Awl, an instiaimemt Al tar, for sacrifice Al,.ter, to change

Ant, a pismirAi Aunt, uncle's wife.

i-atc

By, a particle Buy, to purcha&e Cain, a man's name Cane, a shnib or staff
Call, to cry out

an agreement Au ger, an instrument All gur, one who foretells

sent, Bail, surety
Ball, a

As As

cent, steepness.

Caul, of a wig or bowels Can non, a large gun

Can on, a rule Can vass, to examin

Call vas. coarse cloth

Bale, a puck of goods round substance

Bawl, to cry aloud Bare, naked

Ceil ing, of a room Seal ing, setting of a seal Cell, a hut

Sell,

Bear

to suffer

to dispose of

Bear, abetist Base, vile Bass, in music Beer, a liquor

Bier, to

Cen

tu 7 J hundred years Cen tau ry, an herb

can y the

de?.d

Ber

ry, a sniai] fruit

ry, to inter the

Bu

dead

Beat, to strike Beet, a root Blew, did blow Blue, colou'i*

Choi er, wrath Col hu', for the neck Cord, a sin ail rope Cho"d, in music Ci c-n, a youiig shoot
Si on, a
Siglit,

mountain

Cite, to
Site,

summon

seeing
situation

Boar, a male swine Bore, to make a hole

Chron

Bow, to bend Bough, a branch

cah of a long continuance

i
i

Chron

cle,

a history

^4^

An.

Easy Standard Oj Pronunciatlo-n. of

Gilt, with ^old

Co\n sc, order or direction

Coarse, not line

Guilt, crime

Com
Com

pie ment, a full iram-

ber
expression pii ment, of civility Cous in> a relation Coz en, to cheat

Conn cil, an assembly Coun sei, advice Cur rant, a berry

Current, passing, stream 3ecr, a wild animal
DccU*, of great pi-ice

or a

Grate, for coals Great, lare-c Groan, to sigh G rown increased I Tail," to salute, or frozen drops of rain Flale, 'sound, healthy Hari:, a beast Heart, W.t seal of life Hare, an animal Flair, of the head Flere, in this place
.

Hear,

to

hearken

Dew, from heaven

Due,
ov.'ed

Hew,

to cut

Flue, color

Die, to expire

Him,

that

man

Dye, to color Doe, a femaie deer Doui^h, bread unbaked Dun, brown color Done, performed
Fane, a
v.'eather

Flymn, a sacred song Hire, wages

FFigh er, more high Heel, of I he foot Heal, to cure

cock

Fain, gl.dly

Feign, to dissemble
Faint,

myself Eye, organ of sig.ht Isle, an Island

I,

weary

lie,

of a

cL'Tirch

Taint, a false

march

In, witiiin

Fair,

comely

Fare, food, customary duty, CCC.

Inn, a tavern In dite, to compose In diet, to prosecute

Kill, to slay

Pel Ion, a whitlow Fel on, a criminal Flea, an insect

Flee, to run

Kiln, of brick

Flour, of

away wheat
field

Flow

er,

of the

Knave, a dishonest mas Nave, of a v.iieel Knight, by honor Night, the evening
knov.
,

numbe-r i'brcn, abroad Foui, nasty Fowl, a bir4

Ftjurtli, in

to be actiUaintetJ

No, not o

Knew, (lid know New, nfc>t Old

Easy Standard of Pronunciation. Knot, made bjr tying Oh, alas

Aji
Not, denyixig Lade, to dip water
Laid, placed Lain, did lie Lane, a narro^r passage

4j7

Owe,

to be indebted
in

One,

number

Won,

past time of 7tTn

Leek, a root Leak, to run out

sen, to diminish Li ar, a teller of lies Lyre, a harp Led, did lead Lead, heavy metal

Our, belonginp: Hour, sixty minutes Pale, wanting color

Pail, a vessel Pain, torment Pane, a square of glass Peel, the outside Pe-d. upon the bclJs
.

Les Les

son, a reading

Lie,

a falseiiood,
rest on a

also to

Pear, a fruit Pare, to cut oiT Plain, even, or level

Plane, to
Plate, a
flat

bed

make smooth
piece of metal-

Lye, water drained through

ashes

Plait, a fold in a

garment.

Lo, behold

Low, humble Made, finished

Maid, an unmarried woman Main, the chief

Mane, of

a horse

Male, the he kintl Mail, armor, or a packet Man ner, mode or custom M^.n or, a lordship Meet, to come toLjether Meat, fiesh Mete, measure Mite, an msect
^r.i^ht,

Pray, to implore Prey, a booty Prin ci pal, chief Prin ci pie, first mle Proph et, a foreteller Prof it, advantage Peace, tranquiUity
Piece, apart Rain, fiihng water Rein, of a bridle

Reign, to rule Reed, a shrub Read, to pcrvvse

Rest, ease
to force Rice, a sort of coni Rise, origin Rye, a sort of grain

Met

al,

strength gold or silver, &g.

Wrest,

^Ict tie, brisfcicss Nau'^iU, bad

Noii^dit,
lione

Nay, no
Neigh, as a horse
Oar, toix)W with Ore, metal net separated

Wry, crooked Ring, to sound

Wring,
Rite,
to twist

ceremony
.

Rigiu, jU5t

t4^S

An Easy

Standa rd af Promindatsm
Sole, of the foot Soul, the spirit

Write, to form letters with a pen

Wright, a workman Rode, did ride Road, the highway Ee, a deer

Tax, a rate Tacks, small

nail*

Row, a rank
Ruff, a neckcloth Rough, not smooth Sail, of a ship
Sale, a selling

Seen, beheld Scene, of a stage See, to behold Sea, the ocean Sent, ordered away Scent, smell

Tale, a story Tail, the end Tare, weight aliawed Tear, to rend Team, of cattle or horses Teem, to go with young Their, belonging to thc-m There, in that place

Sen

ior,

elder

The, a particle Thee, yourself Too, likewise Two, twice one Tow, to drag after Toe, of the foot
Vale, a valley Veil, a covering

Seign or, a lord Shore, side of a river Shoar, a prop Smk, to go do\^Ti Cinque, five So, thus

Sow,

to scatter-

Vein, for the blood Vane, to shew the cour&< of the wind Vice, sin Vise, a screw

Sum,

the whole Some, a part Sun, the fountain of light Son, a male child Sore, an ulcer
Soar, to mount up Stare, to look earnestly Stair, a step
Steel-,

Wait, to tarry Weight, heaviness

Wear, to put on Ware, merchandize Were, past time plu.of am

Waste, to spend
Waist, the middle road
to iwise

Way,

hard metal

Weigh,

Steal, to take without lib-

erty
Si:c cor, help

Week, seven clay* Weak, not strong Wood, trees

Would, was
Yew, a
willing

Suck

er,

young twig

Sleight, dexterity
Slight, to ds]>ise

You, plural of thee

tree

Ail

Basy Standard of PHrmmiaiion.'

149

TABLE
A.S. Fellow of the American Academy ;^. A. S. FelloAv of the ConK.
necticut
\.

LIV.

Q/* Abbreviations.

F. R. S. Fellow of ^le Royu^ Society

Gal. Galatians

Academy

\. B. Bachelor of Arts

D. In the year of our Lord \."Sl. Master of Alts, before noon, or in

tlie yeiMr

Gen. Genesis Gent. Gentleman Geo. George G. R. George the King

lieb. Hebrews Hon. Honorable Hund. Hundred

of ihe world

Baronet D. Bachelor of Divinity* Z, or Cent, an hundred ^apt. Captain

3art.
5.

Ibidem,
pl-ace

ibid.

In

the

same

Isa. Isaiah
i.

e.

tliat is

yol.

Colonel

Id. the

same
^

^ant. Canticles
>hiq).

Jan. Januiiiy
Ja.

Chapter

James

^hron. Chronicles
lo.

Jac. Jacob

Company
Commissioner
Credit

Josh. Joshuai

>oni.
'r.

K. King

Km. Kingdom
Kt. Knigiit
.

Humh'ed weight D. Doctor of Divinity )r. Doctor or Debtor

Zwt.
}.

L. Lord or Lydy Lev. Leviticus

Lieut.. Lieutetiurat

)ec.

December

)ep. Dei>nty
)eiil. Deuteronomy )6. or ditio, the same L. G. ,for example

L. L. D. Doctor of Lav/.s L. S the place of the Seal

^ccl.
Ip.

r-GclesiaSless

Epistle

:n:^-.

Enyhsh
Esaias

Iph. Kpiesiuns
Isa.

Lona. London M. Marquis M. B. Bachelor of Physie M. D. Doctor of Physic Mr. Master Messrs. Gentlemen. Sirs
Mi's.

Misi'^ess
S.

Ix.

Exumple, or Exodus eb. February

France, or Francis

1^

Manuscript Manuscripts Mat. Mathd^v

vS. IS.

M. M.

ISO

An Easy

Standard of FronunciatioTU
Rt. Hon. Right Honorable-.
S.

Math. ^-.lathemaucs

N.B. take particular notice Nov. November No. Number N. S. New Stile
Obj. Objection Oct. October

South and Shilling

St. Saint

Sept. September
Scrj. Sergeant

S.
S.

T. P. Professor of
vinity

Di-.!

O. S. Old Stile Pari. Parliament Per cent, by tke hwidred

Pet. Peter Fhil. Philip Philom. a lover of learning

T. D. Doctor of Divinity
to wit, namely-

ss.

Theo. Theophiius

Tho.Thoinas
ThesSj Thessaionians-

P. M. Afternoon P. S. Postscript Ps. Psalra Q. Question, Qut^en q d. as if he should say

4|. 1.

V. or vide, see Viz. to wit, namely \\'m.. Vv ilham

.

Wp.
S5..

as much as you please Ecgr. Register Rev. Revelation, Reyerfrsd

Worsliip and &C. and so forth U. S. A. United States ot

America

EXPLANATION
Of the
Pauses and
other

Characters

used in

Vv^RlTING.

comma, (,) is a pause of one syllable semieo!; period (.) six Ai A colon (;) four Ion (;) two interrogation point (?) shows v/hen a question is asked; as* What do ijou ate? An exclurafvtion point (!) is a mark o|

wonder or

as. O tht- folly of iiinriei's ! sui'prise Th pause of these tMo points is the same as a colon or a period, and the sentence should usually be closed with a
;
,

raised tone of voice. () A parenthesis includes a

is

pan of a sentence, which not necessary to make sense, and should be read, quicker, and in a v'aker tone of voice. [] Brackets or Hooks, include words that serve, to cx; f\v\n a forcf^oing wrd or sentence * Hyphen joins words or syllables; as, sea-^ater. * An ApoetropiK; shows when a letter is omitted, as 5'i for used.

A^i Eastf Standard of PrGnuticiatwn,

A

l JJ:

A Caret shows when a word

;

or

number of words aj.

book.

my
omitted thi'ough mistake
^s^ this is

A
that

quotation or double comma, inchides a passage taken from some otiier author in his own words.^y* Tkc index, points to some remarkable passage, h The Parai^raph begins a nev' subject. The Section is used to divide chapters. *tH An Asterisk, and other references, point to a note in the margin or bottom of a page.
is
1)

"

OF CAPITAL LETTERS.
Sentences sboukl beg-in with a capital letter Also, every line in poetry. Proper names, which are the names, of persons, places, rivers, mountains, lakes, kc. should^ begin with a capital. Also the name of the SuprcBie^ Being.

ADDITIONAL

Li:SSV.\S.

DOMESTIC ECONOMY
Or, 7%<? History of The I rrr and UufHRiFTr,
is a grea-t difference among men, in theirabiHty to gain property ; but a still greater di [Terence. Two men may* in their power of using it to yidvantage. acquire the same amount of money, in a given time;, y^t one will prx)ve to be a poor man, while the other bechief and essential dilTerence in the ma-, eomes rich. nagement of property, is, that one man spends only the vUerest f bis money,, wlule another spendn the firin"

THERE

citial,

I know a farmer by the name of Thrifty, wlio manages his affairs in this manner He rises early in themorning, looks to the condition of hia b7U3e, barn, homsees that his cnttle, hmses and hogs arc lot and stock fed ; examms the tools to see whetlier they are all in good order for the woi;kmen takes care that breakfast is ready in due season, and begins work in the cool of. tlje day When in the field, he keeps steadily at work,^ tlipugh not so violently as to fatigup >md exhaust the. bo-^
:

152
dy.'

An Easy

Standard of Pi'onvmciatton^

tell or hear lonjj stories When the labor of the clay is past, lie takes refreshment, and goes to rest at an early hour In this manner he earns and gains money. When Thrifty has acquired a little pioperty, he docs not spend it or let it slip from him, without use or benefit. He pays his taxes and debts when due or called for, s-o th-dt he has no officers fees to pay, nor expenses of courts. He does not frequent the tavern and drink up, all his earmn^^s in liquor that does him no good. He puts his money to use, that is, he buys more laud, or stock, or lends his money at interest in short, he makes liis money produce some profit or income. These saving's and profits, though small by themsolvts, amount in a year to a considerable sum, and in a few years, they Thrifty becomes a wealthy farmer, SAveli to an estate v/ith several hundred acres of land, and a hundred head

nor does he stop to

of cattle.

Very

different is the

management of Unthrifty:
morning

He
ses,

lies in

bed,

till

a late hoia^ in tlie

tlien ri-

and goes to the

for a glass of bitters breakfast, for a dram that makes He gets his breakfast late, day.
>v5ork

bottle for a

dram, or to tiie taveia Thus he spends six cents berorc

\\'hen he supposes he is ollhe day, he finds he has not the necessary tools, or some of them are out of order, the plow-share is to be Etait half a mile to a blacksni-ith to be mended ; a tooth or two in a rake or tlie handle of a hoe, is broke; or a Now, he is iii a great sytlie oi' an ax is to be ground. hurry, lie bustles about to make preparation for work and what is done in a hurry is ill done he loses a part f the day in getting ready and perhaps the time of his workmen. At ten or eleven o'clock- he is ready to go la work then comes a boy and teiis him, the sheep have or the cows have got amongcsca[>ed fi-om the pasture o*' the hogs into the garden He frets and kis corn storms, and runs to drive them out a half hour or more time is lost in driving the cattle from miscliief, and rea fence that answers no pairing a poor broken fence piW'pos. but to lull him into security, and teacli his horses, and cattle to be unruly After all this feustle, the fs*.

him dull aiid iieavy all when he ought to be at ready to Ijegin the work
.

An Eisy Standard of Pronunciation*

153

is tigue of which is woi-se than common peady to begin a day's work at twelve o'clock. Thus half his time is lost in supplying defects, Avhich proceed from want of foresight and good management. His small His crops are damaged or destroyed by unruly cattle. barn is open and leaky, and what little he gathei'S, is inHis house is in a iike^ conjured by tike ruin and snow. dition the shingles and clapboards fall off and let in bhe water, which causes the timber, floors and furniture to decay and exposed to inclemencies of weather, his wife and children fall sick their time is lost, and the mischief closes with a ruinous train of expenses for mediAfter dragging out some years cines and physicians. of disapi>ointment, misery and poverty, the la\7yer and the sheriff sweep away the scanty remains of his estate. This is the history of Ux thrifty his principal is spenthe has no interest. Not unlike this, is the history of the Grog-drinkeF. This man wonders why he does not thrive in the world ; he cannot see the reason why his neighbor Temfierance sliould be more prosperous than himself but in truth, h makes no calculations. Ten cents a day for grog, is But a small sum, he thinks, which can hurt no man arithmetic is very useful for a let us make an estimate Bfian who ventures to spend small sums every cfey. Ten cents a day amount in a year to thirty-six dollars and a This half a sum sufficient to buy a good farm horse ! surely is no small sum for a fa-nner or mechanic.But in ten years, this sum amounts to three imndred and sixty five dollars, besides interest in the mean time 1 \Vhat an amount is this for drams and bitters in ten years it is money enough to build a small house But look at the amount in thirty years '.One thousand and ninety five dollars ! What a vast sum to run down one man's throat

labor, Unthrifty

I.

in liquor
tain a

a sum that will buy a farm sufficient to mainsmall family. Suppose a family to consume a Gfaart of spirits in a day, at twenty five cents a quart. The amount of this in a yeia> is ninety one dollars and a quarin ten years, nine hundred and twelve dollars and a ter half and in thirty years,two thousand, seven hundred an*.] great estate, may th-ns thirty seven dollars and a half I

54

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation,

be consumed, in single quarts of What mischief is done by the love of spirituous liquors ! But, says the laboring man, " I cannot work withoiTt spirits I must have something to give me strength.'*' Then drink bometliing that will give dumble nourishment Of all the substances taken into the stomach, spirituous liquors contain the least nutriment, and add the least to bodily vigor. Malt liquors, melusscs and water, milk and water, contain nutriment, and even cyder is not
I

mm

^vholly destitut'e of it-but distilled spirituous liquors coiitain

little

or none.

traveller, "spirituous Uthe stomach, and arc very useful in cold weather" No, this is not correct. Spirits enliven the feelings for half an hour but leave the body more dull, languid and cold than it was. before. man will freeze the sooner for drinking spirits of any kind. If a man wishes to guard against cold, let him eat a biscuit, a bit of bread or a m^al of victuals. Four ounces of bread will give a more durable warmth to the body, than a gallon of spirits food is the natural stimulant or exciting power of the human bodyit gives warmth and strength, and docs Rot leave th.e body, as spirit does,mo4'e feeble and languid. practice of drinking spirits i^ivcs a man red eye&j a bloated face, and an empty purse It injures the liver, produces dropsy, occasions a trembling of the joints and limbs, and closes life with a slow decay or palsy This is a short history of the drinker of distilled spirits, if a few drinking men are found to be exceptions to this account, still the remarks are tiiie, as they apply to most cases. Spirituous liquois shorten more lives than famin, pestrlence and the sword !

But says the laborer or the

qviors

warm

The

ON FAMILIAR SUBJECTS. manlJnd live on the fruits of the earth the fir*i and most necessary employment therefore is the tillage,

LESSONS

ALL

f the ground, called agriculture, husbandry, or farmThe farmer clears his land of trees, roots and istones he surrounds it with a fence of poles, posts and rails, stone-wall, hedge or diteh. He plows and hari-ows.or drags the soil, to break the clods or turf, and make it mel* low. aiid pliable -he manures it also, if nece&sary, wivh
ing.

An Easy Stmidard Qf Pronunciation

cayed \egetai)]e substances.
sov.-s

155

stable chiiig, ashes, marl, plaster, lime, sea-shelLi, or de-

He plants maiz in rows, or wheat, btdley, i-ye, oats, buckwheat, ilax oi- kemp. Ke hoes the iiiaiz- two or tiiree times, kills the weeds and draws the cartii round the hills to support and nourish the pkmts When the gi'am is ripe, he reaps or ci*adies his grain, and pulls the flax. The ears of maiz are picked by hand, or the stalks cut with a sickle or knife and the husks are stripped ofF, in the evei-ing. With what joy does the farmer gather his crops, of the fcnner and latttr harvest I He toils indeed, but he reaps the fruit of his labor in peace he fdls his i^ranary in summer, and in autumn presents a thank-oueiing to God for his bounty. Set the mower, hov/ he swings his sythe ! The grass falls pi-ostrate before him the glory of tiie field is laid low tiie land is stripped of its verdant covering. See the stripling follow his father or brother, and w ith a pitch fork, spread the thick swath, and shake the grass about the meadovv ! How fragrant the smell of new made hay ho\y delightful th-e task to tend it ! Enter live fijrest of the wilderness See liere and there a rustic dwelling made of icgs a httle spot cleared and cultivated a thatched hovel to shelter a cow and her food the forest resounding with the ax-man's blows, as he levels tlie siurdy beach, maple, or hemlock; while the crackliw*; fire aicB his hands, by consuming the massy piles of wood which he cannot remove Hear the howling wolf, or w^atcii the nimble deer, as h-e bounds along The faithful cow, in search of sin-ubs aiiiai:g the trees and twigi, strays from the cottage, and the owner seeks her at eveviing, in tiie gloomy forest led by the tmkiing i the bL;ll, he fin<ls and drives her horn'*. A bow] of bread and milk, furnishes him with liis frugal repast he retires weary to rest and the sleep of the laboring

sweet. See the dairy woman, while slie fills her pails with new milk the gentle cows <]iiRtly chev.ing their cudis by iicr side. Enter the miik-r-.>om, sec the pans, pails
is

man

and

tubs,
!

how clean

an<l

sweet,

all

in

order,

and

fbrAi-sc

Thi milk

strained and

put

in a ^ooi plr.cc

the

ut

cream hkimmscl oilier butter,r Uie miiU

set for ekcese

tS^

An Eaty Standard of Pronunciation,

is

there a cheesea churn as white as ivory press forcing the ^ hey from the curd ! See the shelves \Mjat a noble sight I ^iil butter as filled with cheeses yellow as the pur tit gold I George, let us look into the work-shops among tlic mechanics. Here is a carpenter, he squares a post or a beam ; he scores or notches it first, and then hews it with his Li oad-ax. He bores holes with an auger, ai>d with the help of a chisel forms a mortise for a tenon. He measures with a scjuare or rule, and marks his work with a conipass. Each timber is litled to its place. The sills support the posts, and these support the beams. Braces secure the frame of a building from swaying or Girders imd joists support tlie floors; studs, with leanir.g the j^osts, support the wails, aiid rafters uphold the roof. Is'ow comes the joiner with his chest of tools. He plains the boards, joints the shingles, and covers tlie buildi-ng With his smw he cuts boards, with his gimolet or whimble, he makes holts for nails, pins or spikes,- with his chisel and gouge, he makes moitises. Then comes the mason with his trowel- the laths are nailed to the studs cu>d joists to support the plaster, first a reugh coat of coai-se mortar of lime and sand is laid on, and tliis is covered with a beautiful v.hite plaster. And last of all comes the painter with his brush and oil-pots he mixes the oil and white lead, and gives to the apartments the color which the owner or his lady se^

Here

fit

to direct.

A MORAL CATECHISM.
moral virtue ? Ans%\ er. It is an honest upright conduct in all our dealmgs with men. Q. What rules Juvue ivc tv direct us in our moral con.'
QucniiGn.

WHA7' is

duct ?
in the bible, has furnished necessary ruiet to direct our conduct. Q. In ivhut fiarr of the bible are these rulc-fi to be found? A. In almost every pa. t but the mo:jrL important duties bet'vA ecu njcn are summed up in the begiimrUig of Mattiiew, inL:.KisT's Sermon on the Mount.

A. God's word, contained

all

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation.

Of humility.

1S7

Q. H%at is humility ? lowly temper of mind. Q, JVIiat are the advantages ofhumiUtij? A. The advantages of humUity in this life arc very numerous and great. The humble man has few or no enemies. Every one loves him and is ready to do him good. If he is rich and prosparous, people do not enTy him ; if he is poor and unfortunate, every one pities hiirii and is disposed to alleviate his disti'esse*. Q. What is [lyidc 7 A. \i)h^ high mmded disposition. Q. Is pride comineiulable ? A. By no means. modest, self approving^ opinion of ur own good deeds is very right it is natural it is ag'l eeable, and a spur to good actions. But we should not suffer our heiu Ls to be blo-vvn up Vr^ith pride, whatever great and good deeds we have done for pride brings upoa us the iil-vvjll of m-ankind, and displeasure of our Maker. Q. What effect ,-ias hundlity u/iq71 our oivii minds ? A. iiumillty is attended witli peace of mind and selfsatisfaction. Tlifc huKible m,an is r^ot disturbed with cross accidents, oTid is never fretful and uneasy ; nor does he repine when others grow rich. He is contented, because

A.

his

mind 'is

at ease.

Q. Whut is the effect cffiridc on a man's Itafijuness ? A. Pride exposes a man to numberless disappoint^' ments and mortifications. The proud man expects moi'C attention and respect v/ill be paid to him, than he db* senes, or than others are willing to pay him. He ib neglected, }aup;lied at and despised, and this treatment frets him, so that his own mind becomes a seat of torment. proud man cannot be a happy man. Q, llliat has Christ saidy respecting the virtue ofhu^

miiity ?

A.
theirs

He
is

has said, ^^ Blessed are the poor in spirit for the kingdom of heavea.** Poorness of spirit is

humility ; and this humble temper prepai'e* a heaven, v/here all is. peace and love.

man

far

158
Q.

A7i

Easy Staiidard of Pronunciation*

Of mercy.
IVJiat is

mercy ?

It is tenderness of heart. Q. What are the advantages ofthis virtue ? A. The exercise of it tends to diffuse happiness and lessen the evils of life. Rulers of a merciful temper will make ihtixgood subjects happy; and will not torment the bad^ with needless severity. Parents and masters will Rot at)use their children and servants with harsh treatment. More love, more confidence, more happhiess, will subsist among men, and of course society will be

A.

liappier.

Q. Should not beaats as well as men be treated

Thercy ?

laith

A. They ou^ht indeed. It s wrong to give needless pain even to a beast. Cruelty to the brutes shows a man has a hard heart, and>if a man is unfeeling to a beast, he will not have much feeling for men. If a man treats his beast with cruelty, beware of trusting yourself in his power. He will probably make a severe master and a cruel
liusbaJid.

Q. Hgiv docs cructy shov)

its effects

A.

A cruel disposition is usually exercised upon those

are under
its

who

power.

Cruel rulers make severe laws

their subjects.

which injure the persons and properties of

Cruel officers execute le.ws in a severe manner, when it cmel husband abuis not necessary for public good. cruel master acts the tyses his wife and children. The effects of rant over his apprentices and servants. cruelty are, hatred, quarrels, tumults and wretchedness.

Q. What does Christ say of the merciful man? A. He says he is " blessed, for he shall obtain mercy." He Avho shows mercy and tenderness to otliers, will

be treated with tenderness and compassion himself.

Of PEACE-MAKERS.
Q.

Who

are peace-makers ?

A. All who endeavor to prevent quarrels and diputes simong men ; or to reconcile those who are sepa^ rated by strife. Q. is it unla'uful to contend with others on any occasion? A. It is impossible to avoid some differences with

An Easy

Standard of Proiuinciatton,

1 59

mtn-y disputes should, be always conducted with temper and moderation. The man who keeps his temper afterwill not be rash, and do or say Lhmgs which he will wards repent of. And though men should sometimes difThey shoukl be ready fer, still they should be friends. to do kind offices to each other. Q. IVImt is the reward of the peace-maker ? A. He shall be " blessed, and called the ciiild of God.*' The mild, peaceable, fnendly man, resembles God. What an amiable character is this I To be iilte our heavenly Father, that lovely, perfect and glorious being, who happiest of is the source of all good, is to be the best and

men.

Of purity
Q.

of

HEART.

Wfiai is a pure heart ? heart free fro-m all bad desires, and inclined to A. Ohform to the divine will in all things. Q. Should a man*s intentions as nvell as Ms actions be

good ? A. Most certainly. Actions cannot be called good^ unshould wiatu less thev proceed from good motives.. to see and to make all men belter and happierwe This is benevolence. should rejoice at their prosperity. Q. What reward is premised to the Jmvs in hcari? A. Christ has declared " they shall see God." pure heart is like God, and those who possess it shall

We

dwcVi in his presence antl enjoy his favor for ever.

Of ANGER.
Q. la
it

right erjer to be

angry?

certain cases that we should be angry ; as v/hen gross affronts are offered to us, and injusuitable spirit of resentment,ries done us by design.

A.

It is right in

in

such cases, will obtain justice for us, and protect usr
insults,

from further
Q.

By

vihat rule should

anger be governed ?
;

A.

We should never be angry without cause

we
it it

that

is,

we

i;hould be certain that a

jure or insult us, before

It is

wrong,
fire at

is

mean,

person means to affrom, in-sufTer ourselves to be angry. is a mark of a little mind to

take

every little trifli-ng dispute. And when we have real cause to be angry, w should observe mode-

P
too
ration.

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciathn,

We should never be in a passion. A passionate Bian is like a madman und is always inexcusable. We
should be cool even in anger 5 and be angry no longer fhan to obtain justice. In short, we should " be angry

and

sin not."

O? REVENGE.
Q. What

A.

It is

revenge ? to injure a man because he has injured

is

us>,

Q. Is

this justifiable?

A. Never, in any possible case. Revenge is perhaps the meanest, as well as wickedest vice in society. Q. What shall a mmi do to obtain justice nvhen he is iH'
jured
justice to every

A. In general, laws hare made provision for doing; man and it is right and honorable, when a man is injured, that he should seek a recompence. But a recompence is all he can demand, and of that he
;

te-r

should not be kis own judge, but should submit the mat* to judges appointed by authority. O. ut suppose a man insults u9 in such a manner thai the law cannot give us redress ? A. Then forgive him. " If a man strikes you on one

cheek, turn the other to lilm," and let him repeat the abuse, rather than strike hini^ Q. Butifnve are in davger /rofn the bloW of anotlt^r^ nay Wf '^lot defend oursrlve^ f have always a right to defend A. Most certainly. ur ]^>ersons, property a>id families. But we have no rigVit to light and abuse people merely for revenge. It " Love your enemies bless thera is nobler to forgive. do gcod to them that hate you pray that curse you these are the commands of for them that use. you ill," The man who does this is the blessed Savior of men. great and good he is as much above the little, mean, VevengefulTnan, as virtue is above vice, or as heaven ia

We

higher than

hell.

Of justice.
Q. What is justice ? A. It is giving to every man his dye. Q. Is it al-ivays easy to hioiu ':v/:'vf i^ just ? and v/hure there A. It is g^enerally easy
;

is

any

dii!*-

culty

Easy Standard of Pronunciatian* in determimng, let a man consult th golden

Ati

161'
rul

." To do to others, what he could reasonably wish they should do to him, in the same circumstances." Q, What are the ill cfTccts of injustice ? A. If a man does injustice, or rather, if he refuses to do justice, he must be compelled. Then follows a lawsuit, with a series of expenses, and what is worse, ill-

Somebody is alblood and enmity between the parties^ ways the worse for law-suits, and of course society is Icaa
happy.%

Of generosity.
Q. What is generosity ? A. It is some act of kindness performed which strict justice does not demand.
for anqth^i?

Q. Is this a virtue ? A. It is indeed a noble virtue. To do justice, is well ; but to do more than justice, is still better, and may proceed from nobler motives. Q. Wh(jt Jias Christ said reshecting generosity ?

A.

He

has

commanded us

to be generous in this pas-

Whosoever shall compel (or urge) you to go a mile^ go with him tivo.'* Q. Are we to perform this literally ? A. The meaning of this command v.'ill not always require this. But in general we are to do raiore for others than they ask, provided we can do it, without essentially injuring ourselves. ought cheerfully to suffer many

sage, "

We

inconveniences to oblige others, though we are not rs:juired to do ourselves any essential injury. Q. Ofivlmt advantage is generosity to ihc man w/w ex^ Seises it P A. It lays others under obligations to the generous man ; and the probability is, that he will be repaid three fold. Every man on earth wants favors at some time or !)ther in his life ; and if we wi'U not help others, others mUl not help us. It is for a man's interest to be generous, Q. Ought vfe to do kind actions because it is for our iiu erest?

A. This maybe a motive

at all

times

but

if it is

the
ck)

principal metive, it is less honoi-able.

We ought to

j^-ood,

An Eaf-y Standard of Pronunciation. we have opportunity, at all times and to all men, whether -VTC expect a reward or not; for if we do good>.
{

62

as

sornebedy
cnougli,

is

the happier for

why we

should do

all

it. This alone is reason the good in our poweu.

Of gratitude.
Q.

What

is gratitude.

?
-

A. A thankfulr,ess of heart for favors received. Q. Is it a duty to be ikankfulfor fcroors ? d. It is a duty and a virtue. man who does not feel grateful for kind acts done for him by others, does not deserve favors of any kind. He ought to be shut out from the society of the good. He is worse than a sa\ij| age, for a savage never forgets an act of kindness. 1 Q What is the effect of true kijidness ? A. It softens the heart towards the generous man, and every thing which subdues the pride and other unsocial passions of the heart, Hts a man to be a better citizen, a better neighbor, a better husband and a better friend. man who is sensible of favors and ready to acknowledge them, is more inclined to perfonii kind offices, not only towards his benefactor, but towards all
,

thers..

Op truth.
^.

What
It is

is

truth ?

speaking and acting agreeable to fact. Q. Is it a duty to aiieak truth at all times ? A. If we speak at all, we should tell the truth. It is uot always necessay to tell what we knov\ I'here are many things which concern ourselves and. others whick v/e had better not publish to tlie v/orld.
A.

Q. What
truth ?

rules are there resjiecting.

tlie

publishing

of

we

A. 1. Whe^n we are called upon to testify in courtSi should speak the whole truth and that without disTo leave out small circumstances, or to give a guise. coloring to others, with a view to favor one side more than the other, is to the highest degTee criminal. 2. Whsn we ioiow soipetbing of our neighbor which

An Easy
is

Standard $f Pronuncluthon

63

against his character, Ave may not publish it, nlcs8to-prevent his doing an injnry to another person. 3. When we sell any thing to another, we ought not
to represent the article to be better tiian
it really is. If there are faults in it wliich may easily be seen, the law of man does not require us to inform the buyer of these But it is not fiaults, because he may see them himself. honorable nor generous, nor strictly honest to conceal even apparent faults. But when faults are out o/ sight, If he does the seller ought to tell the buyer of them. not, he is a cheat and a downright knave. Q. What are the ill effects of lying and deceiving ? A. The man who lies, deceives or cheats, loses his re-

No person will believe him, even when he speaks the truth ; he is shunned as a pest to society. Falsehood and cheating destroy all confidence between man and man ; they raise jealousies and suspicions among men ; they thus weaken the bands of society and destroy happiness. Besides, cheatmg often strips people of their property, and makes them poor and wretched.
putation.

Of charity and GIVING ALMS.

Q. What is charity ?
A.
It signifies giAing to

the poor, or
to

it

is

a favorable
to the fiocr

opinion of

men and their actions.

give
f
vre

Q. When and hciv Jxir is it our duty A. When others really v/ant what

out material injury to ourselves, it is tliem something to relieve their wants. Q. When persons are reduced tc nvcr.t by their own laziness andvicecy by drunker.ness^ gambling and the likey is it a duty to relieve them ? A. In general, it is not. TJie man who gives money and provisions to a lazy, vicious man, becomes a partaker of his guilt. Perhaps it may be riglit, to give such a man a meal of vicluals to keep him fi om starving, and it is certainly right to feed his wife and family, and make them comfoitable. Q, WhQ are tliejiropcr objects of charity ^
_

can spare withour duty to i};ive

An Easy Standard of Pronunciation* A. Persons who are reduced to want by sickness, ua* avoidable losses by fire, storms at sea or land, drouth or accidents of other kinds. To such persons we are com164
Hiandedtogive; and
table
it is

are charity ourselves.

;

for

we

all liable

our own interest to be charito misfortunes and may want

Q. In what manner should nve bestoiu favors ? A. We should do it with gentleness and affection ; putting on no airs of pride and arrogance. We should also take no pains to publish our charities, but rather
to conceal them ; for if we boast of our generosity, we discover that we give from mean, selfish motives. Christ commands us, in giving alms, not to let our left hand know what our right hand doeth. Q. Hoiv can charity be exercised in our ofiitiions of others ? A. By thinking favorably of them and their actions* Every man has his faults ; but charity will not put a> harsh construction on another's conduct. It will not charge his conduct to bad views and motives, unless this appears very clear indeed.

Of avarice.
Q. What is avarice ? A, An excessive desire of possessing wealth; Q. /6' this commendable ? A. It is not ; but one of tlie meanest of vicesQ, Can an arvaricious man be an honest man ? A. It is hardly possible ; for. the lust of gain is alnMJStalways accompanied with a disposition to take mean and undue advantages of others. Q, What effect has avarice ufion the heart ? A. It contracts the heart narrows the sphere of be^ nevolerjce blunts all the fine feelings of sensibility, and

sours tte mind towards society. An avaricious man, a iftiser, a niggard, is wrapped up in selfishness, Hke some worms, which crawl about and eat ftir some time to fill themselves^ then wind themselves up^ in separate cover* at^gsand die.

An Easy
Q.

Standard of Pronun c iation.

is

165

done by ca^arice to society ? A. Avarice gathers together more property, than the owner wants, and keeps it hoarded up, where it does no good. The poor are thus deprived of some business, some means of support the property gains nothing to
;

What

injury

tlie

community; and somebody

is

kss happy by means

of

hoarding of v/ealth. Q. In Kvkat pToJiortion does avarice do hzirt ? ^. In an exact pix)portion to its power of doing good. The miser's heart grows less.^ in proportion as his estate arrows larger. The more money he has, the mere he has people in his power, and the mere he grinds the ace of the poor. The larger the tree and the mors spreading th-e bre.nches, the m.ore small plants are shaded and robbed of their nourishment.
tiiis

Of frugality and economy.

Q. Who:
ice ?
is

the dzstiuction between ^^rugaUiy

i

cmd ava:

A. Frugality
leedless waste.

a prudent saving of property from Avarice gathers more and spends less

han

is

necessary.

Q. What it C3:zzTn'j ? J. It is fiiigality in erp2n=es-^it is a prudent mangeraent of one's estate. It disposes of property for 5eful purposes without wte. Q. 110%) far dcs true eccnoviy ejcterui ? A. To the saving of every thing which it is not necesiiy to spend for comfort and convenience and the eeping one's expenses v/ithin liis income or earnings. Q. What is xi'asiefuir.ts? ? A. It is the spending of money for what is not want'J. If a man drinks a dram which is not necessary for im, or buys a cane which he does not want, he wastes is money. He injures hirLself, as much as if he had iro'^vn away hism^oney. Q. Is not xvastf o/ttn occasioyied by mere negligence ? A. Very often. The man who does not keep his 3use and barn well covered who does not keep good nces about liis fields ; who suffers his farming utn; ;

>66
sils to lie

An Easy

Standard of Pronunciation.

his cattli out in the rain or on tiie ground ; or a spend waste manure in the high v/ay, is as much to the tipler and the gamester thrift as the tavern haunter, Imrder than th Q. Do not careleiis, slovenly fieofile 'a)ork

neat and orderhj ? ji. Much harder.

It is

more

tliey of sturdy weeds, than to puU them up when abuse spring from the ground. So the disorders and in tmie, bt wiiich grow out of a sloven's carelessness, lil^ come almost incurable. Hence such peoj^le work

labor to destroy a growt fin

slaves,

and

to little effect.

Of industry.
industry ? our^sev^r A. It is a diligent attention to business in occupations. Q. Is labor a curse or a blessing? Hard labor or drudgery is often a curse, by ma
is

Q. What

modern toilsome and painful. But constant labor is the greatest of blessings. it ? Q. Why then do people complain of not labonr A, Because they do not know the evils of men reli Labor keeps the body in health and makes " The .Icep of the all their enjoyments. He walks cheerful and wlu food. is sweet," i) is his pa or his shop, and scarcely kiiows lino- about his field lose their heaitn for w: indolent first

J.

mg

life

Yf"^?^

their todies ^^^ of action-They turn pale, ^^^r" a and sleep, they va > they lose their appetite for food pleasure, and oi without out a tasteless life of dullness, useless to the world. ^ o . / %ther good effects of industry
.

The

rich and

iox the

Q. What are the Our Crea estate. A. One effect is to procure an duty, our interest and happrnc; h^.s kindly united our and che same labor which makes us healthy
fuk irivcs wealth.
,

vice

deliverec the moral discourses ever bad eff^ect in checkhig the mankind, have so much mamtaii men,in keeping order and peace, and

Another good

effect of industry is, to

keep

men

fi

Not

all

^onsof

An Ea6y

Standard of Pronunciation,

167

^moral virtue in society, as industry. Business is a source of health, of prosperity, of virtue aud obedience to law. To iijake good subjects and good citizens, the first requisite is to educate every young person, in some kind of business. The possession of millions shcald not excuse a young man from application to Imsiness ; and that parent or guardian \vho suffers his child or his ward to be bred in idleness, becomes accessary to tlie vices and disorders of society He is guilty of *' not providing for his household, and is worse than an infidel."

Of cheerfulness.
Q. Is cheerfulness a virtue ?

A. It doubtless is, and a moral duty to practice it; Q. Can ive be cheerful ivhtn %vej:lease ? ji. In general it depends much on ourselves. can often mold, our tempers into a cheerful frame. can frequent company and other objects calculated To indulge an habitual to inspire us v/ith cheerfulness. gloomiiiefs of mind is wsakn-ess and sin. Q. What are the effects of cheerfulness on ourselves ? A. Cheei-fuiness is a great preservative of health, over which it is our duty to watch with care. have no right to sacriiice our health by the indulgence of a gloomy state of mind. Besides, a cheerful ian will do more business, and do it better, than a melancholy

We

We

We

ne. Q.

mmt are the effects

is

of cheerfulness on others ?

communicated t others, by which means their happiness is increased. are all mSuenced by sympathy, and naturally partake of Jthe joys and sorrows of others.
readily

J. Cheerfulness

We

Q.

What
It

effect

has vielanchcly on the heart f

hardens and benums it It chills the warm affections of love and friendship, and prevents the exercise of the social passions. melancholy person's life is all rught and winter. It is as unnatural as perpetual darkness and frost. Q. W/tat shall one do when ovenahelmed ivith grief? A, The best method of expelling grief from the mind,

A.

163

An Easy

Stanaard of Pronunciation*

or of quieting its pains, is to change the objects that arc about us ; to ride from place to place, and frequent cheerIt is our duty so to do, tispecially when ful company. grief sits heavy on the heart. Q. /.9 it not right to grieve for the loss of our friends ? A. It is certauily right; but we should endeavor to iTiodeiiite our grief, and not suffer it to impair our health, or to grow into a settled melancholy. The use of grief But when our is to soiuen the heart and make us better. friends are dead, v/e can render them no further service. Our duty to them ends, when v/e commit them to the; grave ; but our duty to ourselves, our families and sur-j vi\ing friends, requires that we perform to them the customary ofTices of life. sliould therefore remembei!' our departed friends only to imitate their virtues ; and not to pine away with uselsiss sorrow. Q. Has not rcligiGu a tendency to fill the mind ivitft ghOJH ? Superstition yl. Trde religion never has this effect.

We

and false nollons of God, often make men gloomy ; b'dt true, rational piety and religion have the contrary effect.

They fill tlie mind with joy countenance of a tmly pious

iind

man

cheerfulness ; and the should always wear a

serene smile. Q. IVhat has Chriat said concerning glcoiny Christians ? and comji. He has pronounced them hypocrites manded his followers not to copy their sad countenancea and disfigured faces ; but even in their acts of humiliation to " anoint their heads and wash tlieir feet." Christ intended by this, tliat rehgion does Rot consist in, nor require a monkish sadness and gravity ; on tJie other handj he intimates that such afi/:cara?ices of sanctity are gene: rally the marks of hypocrisy, lie expressly enjoins up^ on his follov/ers, marks of cheerfulness. Indeed, the o>ily true ground of perpetual cheerfulness, is, a consciousness of ever having done well, and an assurance of divine;
;

favor.

FINIS.

%^js:
^:

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i7^

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