Name: Ravi Agarwal Roll no.

09003017

Machine Tool Testing

Background:Today manufacturing industry faces a huge competition in the global scenario. Hence quality becomes the utmost factor of importance in production. The quality of the product is not only decided by the efficiency of labor but also by the quality of lathe. It is of vital importance that the lathe is manufactured properly. Hence performance tests are performed to evaluate the capability of a machine to manufacture parts to specified tolerances. The basic requirements for a lathe can be summarized as follows:1. The headstock spindle should be parallel with the ways of the bed. 2. The cross-slide should move at right-angles to the headstock spindle. 3. The axis of the tailstock spindle and centre should be in line with the axis of the headstock when set in any position on the bed. 4. If a boring table is fitted, its surface must be parallel to the bed and to the cross-slide. 5. The taper holes for the centers should be concentric with their respective spindles. The first item is much the most important, as on this depends the parallelism of all work done in the chuck, which probably covers 95 per cent of all model engineering done in a lathe.

Aim:To find out the manufacturing accuracy of assembled machine tools using dial gauge.

Description:The test done included the evaluation of the axial slip (alignment) of the mandrel and the run out measure of the mandrel and the spindle. The dial gauge is the instrument used to measure the accuracy of the machine. It had a least count of 1m. the steps involved are as follows: 1. Mandrel is tightly fixed in the chuck. 2. Dial is set vertically and its zero is set at the tail stock end of the mandrel. 3. While measure readings bed is moved at regular intervals.

4. Now tail stock is attached and the same procedure is repeated. 5. Now run-out is measured by rotating the spindle in the same vertical position and noting the readings of the dial gauge. Same is repeated with tail stock too. 6. Finally axial slip of spindle is also measured.

Observations and Calculations:The points A,B,C & D are at the distance of 17,57 ,97,137 mm from the tail stock end. 1. Axis slip , Points A B C D With tail stock use Without tail stock use (m) (m) 0 0 29 33.5 43 70 62 101

2. Run out Measure at five different points, Point Number A B C D With tail stock use(m) Runout +ve -ve net 205 -25 230 239 -48 287 250 -70 320 270 -87 357 Without tail stock use(m) Runout +ve -ve net 810 -38 848 705 -130 835 553 -153 706 448 -139 587

3. Dial Gauge reading of the spindle put in vertical position, Point Number 1 +ve Runout 81 m -ve Runout -13 m Net Runout 94 m

Dial Gauge

Result & Analysis:

1. As shown by above readings that after using Tail stock the axil slip is decreased and there run-out measure has also decreased. This shows that the Tail stock provides some stability to the lathe. 2. The run-out values with and without tail stock clearly show that the axial slip is improved on using tail stock. Without tail stock run-out attains values as high as 848 m. 3. The axis of spindle is slipped by 94 m. It shows that it is not rotating on its own axis rather deflected. 4. The work piece is also not rotating on its own axis hence we can say that the axis of work piece is not parallel to the lathe bed.

Conclusion:
1. As shown by the readings, the lathe bed was not perfectly aligned with the mandrel. 2. The readings for the spindle show that there was an axial slip in the spindle.

Sources of Error:
1. Human error may be introduced in noting the reading as the dial gauge is very sensitive. 2. Zero error of the dial gauge may be wrongly noted. 3. Dial gauge may not be fixed properly.