University of California at Berkeley Department of Mechanical Engineering ME 104: Engineering Mechanics II Fall Semester 2011

Homework #2 - Just the Facts 2.2.6 FIND: The vector p in terms of the basis { b 1 , b 2 }. GIVEN: Vector p = 4 8 , angle = 130 . DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: Coordinate transformations. SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Write out the coordinate transformation array between { , } and { b 1 , b 2 }, and then substitute into p expressions for and in terms of b 1 and b 2 , evaluated at the given .

2.2.8 FIND: Does the magnet stick to the car? GIVEN: Initial velocity v 0 = 5 m/s, constant horizontal acceleration 10 m/s pulling magnet back to the car, sheet metal length 1 m. DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with constant acceleration. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: 1 r = r 0 + v 0 t + at2 2 SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. From the (horizontal) component of Eq. (??), solve for the time it takes the magnetic to return to its original horizontal position. 2. From the (vertical) component of Eq. (??), solve for the vertical distance the magnet travels, from which you can determine if the magnet sticks to the car or not. (1)

2.2.21 FIND: Distance the glass falls before your hand starts moving, the constant acceleration needed to catch the glass, and the speed at catch. GIVEN: Initial location of your hand and table height 3 ft. The glass falls (from rest) for 0.25 s before your hand starts moving. Your hand moves in a straight line. DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with constant acceleration. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: 1 r = r 0 + v 0 t + at2 , 2 SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Use the (vertical) component of Eq. (??) to nd the distance the glass falls before 1 your hand starts moving. 2. Use the (vertical) component of Eq. (??) and the nal hand position to calculate the 1 total time of fall for the glass. Subtract away the initial reaction time to nd how long your hand moves. 3. Using the initial and nal hand positions and Eq. (??) , calculate the hand acceleration 1 a and take its magnitude. 4. Using the acceleration a, time of hand movement, and Eq. (??) , calculate the hand 2 velocity v at the time of catch and take its magnitude. v = v 0 + at (1)

2.3.13 FIND: Camera angular velocity and acceleration of the far end of the lens. GIVEN: Camera angle = 90 , h = 80 ft from center of head to bird traveling at 40 mph, L = 17 in. from center of head to far end of the lens. DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with polar coordinates. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: v = r e r + r e , SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Use Eq. (??) with r = h and = 90 to determine r from the e r = component and 1 from the e = component. Then, use Eq. (??) to determine from the e = 2 component. 2. Use Eq. (??) with r = L (a constant) to calculate the acceleration at the far end of the 2 lens. a = ( r2 ) e r + (2r + r) e r (1)

2.3.20 FIND: Magnitude of the toy cars velocity and acceleration at the edge A of the merry-goround. GIVEN: Toy car starts from rest at the center of a merry-go-round with radius 5 ft and constant angular speed 3 rad/s. The toy car has a constant radial acceleration 3 ft/s2 . DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with polar coordinates. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: r r2 r0 = 2r , 2 SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Since r is constant, use Eq. (??) to solve for the radial speed r at A.
1

v = r e r + r e ,

a = ( r2 ) e r + (2r + r) e r

(1)

2. Use Eq. (??) to determine the velocity at A and take its magnitude.
2

2. Use Eq. (??) to solve for the acceleration at A and take its magnitude.
3

 2.3.34 FIND: Kinematic quantities r2 , , r1 , r1 , r1 , , and . GIVEN: System geometry and kinematic data: r2 = 100 mi, r2 = 0, = 90 , = 4.88 102 rad/s, a = 30.7 e r2 ft/s2 . DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with polar coordinates. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: v = r e r + r e , SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Use Eq. (??) in terms of the { e r2 , e } basis to determine r2 from the e r2 component 2 from the e . and

a = ( r2 ) e r + (2r + r) e r

(1)

2. Use geometry to solve for r1 . 3. Use Eq. (??) in terms of { e r2 , e } to obtain the satellites velocity. Then use Eq. (??) 1 1 again but this time in terms of { e r1 , e }. The e r1 component gives r1 , while the e component is used to solve for (a coordinate transformation array may be helpful here). 4. Use Eq. (??) in terms of { e , e } to determine r from the e component and from the e .
2 r1 1 r2

2.3.38 FIND: Number of wingnut revolutions and the percent increase in speed at A due to moving down. GIVEN: Constant wingnut angular speed, moves down 0.9 in. in 1.2 s, acceleration 2.193 103 in./ s2 at 0.8 in. from the centerline (point A). Assume constant thread pitch. DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 3-D kinematics with cylindrical polar coordinates. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: a = ( r2 ) e r + (2r + r) e + y k , r v = r e r + r e + y k , SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Since the thread pitch and wingnut angular speed are constant, it moves down at a constant speed: y = 0. Use Eq. (??) to solve for the constant angular speed , and 1 then use Eq. (??) to calculate the number of revolutions made.
2

= t y t

(1) (2)

y=

2. If the wingnut stays at the same height, then use Eq. (??) with y = 0 to nd the speed 1 at A. If it moves down, then use Eq. (??) to nd y and Eq. (??) to solve for the 2 1 corresponding speed at A. Calculate the percent increase in speed.

2.4.5 FIND: Motorcycles constant speed through the curve. GIVEN: Radius of curvature rC (s) = (250.002s3 ) ft, maximum acceleration 30 ft/s2 before slipping, slipping occurs 20 ft into the curve. DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with path coordinates. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: a = v et + SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Use Eq. (??) with v = 0 and rC evaluated at s = 20 ft to determine the motorcycles acceleration. Set the magnitude of the acceleration to the maximum value, and rearrange to solve for the speed v. v2 e rC n (1)

2.4.18 FIND: Total acceleration of the snowball at x = 4 m. GIVEN: Tangential speed 10 m/s, tangential acceleration 2 m/s2 , hill surface y = 0.25x2 m. DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with path coordinates. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: 1+ rC (x) =
dy dx d2 y dx2 2
3 2

a = v et +

v2 e rC n

(1)

SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. Use Eq. (??) to determine the radius of curvature at x = 4 m.

1 2

2. Use Eq. (??) to calculate the total acceleration (magnitude).

2.4.26 FIND: Acceleration due to the rocket engine, tangential and normal components of acceleration, and radius of curvature at the given instant. GIVEN: Total rocket acceleration a = (5.657 3.843 ) m/s2 , acceleration of 9.5 m/s2 due to gravity, rocket velocity v = (5000 + 2000 ) m/s. DIAGRAMS:

PROBLEM TYPE: 2-D kinematics with path coordinates. RELEVANT EQUATIONS: a = v et + SOLUTION PROCESS: 1. The rockets total acceleration is due to its engine and gravity: a = ae + ag . Rearrange to solve for the engine-induced acceleration ae . 2. To nd at and an , youll need to know the rockets orientation with respect to the xed basis { , }. Solve for using the components of velocity, and dene a coordinate transformation between { e t , e n } and { , } (coordinate transformation array). Use this transformation to write a in terms of e t and e n . 3. Use the e n component of Eq. (??) to solve for the radius of curvature. v2 e rC n (1)

10