MDG Provincial Report 2010 Siquijor

Province of SIQUIJOR
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Philippines Fourth Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals using CBMS Data - Province of Province of Marinduque
Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Using CBMS Data
Province of Siquijor
Foreword
The Provincial Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report was prepared with the intention of providing a true and correct picture of the status of the province of Siquijors efforts to help the national government meet its global commitments to eradicate poverty. Knowing that more than anyone else, the Local Government Units (LGUs) are the primary institutions that deal directly with the communities who are being threatened by problems of poverty, hunger, unemployment and so many other social, economic and political problems, it would be logical to say that the LGUs take care of their peoples needs. This report will show the accomplishments of the province, in so far as its extent of helping achieve the targets of the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In doing this, we acknowledge/appreciate the contributions of all Siquijodnons who worked in close partnership with the government. The national government agencies, peoples organizations, and civil society have equally supported the local government in achieving the goals of reducing poverty, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability, and, lastly, developing a global partnership for development. The MDG Team of the province is very grateful to the administrative support of the six LGU municipalities headed by their respective Mayors and the technical support of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators (MPDCs) and the Municipal Local Government Operations Ofcers (MLGOOs). Without them, it would have been very difcult to produce this MDG Report. The good thing about the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), especially for us in the Planning and Development Ofce, is that we are able to locate where the people who need specic government interventions are, who they are, and what they really need in order to live a decent and improved quality of life. It is also very helpful to our ofce in our planning activities. For us in the Planning Division, we now have baseline data to guide us in our decision- making because our Chief Executive would want correct data and information to help him decide what programs and projects need to be prioritized. This Report will also be submitted to the Local Chief Executive, to the Local Development Councils of the six municipalities and their respective Sanggunians to guide them in their respective roles and functions.
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Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data
To the entire staff of the Provincial Planning and Development Ofce, for their unwavering support even up to going many hours of overtime work in order to beat deadlines, our heartfelt thanks and appreciation. To the constituents and the civil society/private sector representatives, we extend our sincerest thanks for their involvement in making this report a reality. We especially extend our warm gratitude to the PEP-CBMS Network Team headed by Dr. Celia M. Reyes, PEP Co-Director and CBMS Network Leader, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) for their invaluable support. With all Siquijodnons cooperating and supporting our local ofcials, the province of Siquijor will truly become a progressive island. God Bless Siquijor!
The Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator
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Message
The preparation of provincial MDGs reports is a critical step that Local Government Units (LGUs) have taken in the overall effort to localize the MDGs. As it is often said, the MDGs will be won or lost at the local level given the conditions of uneven progress and disparities across regions and provinces in the country. Beyond the national averages, one can see wide disparities on the gains in poverty reduction, universal education, child mortality and maternal health. This situation reinforces the notion that the progress of each province is just as important as the achievements of the country as a whole. After all, the Philippines progress towards the MDGs, is the sum of the efforts and gains of all LGUs. By preparing provincial reports, LGUs are provided vital information on the status of the MDGs in their areas of inuence. These reports are important sources of information for planning, resource allocation and priority setting that LGUs are tasked under their mandate of effective local governance. Likewise, in the course of the preparation of the reports, the capacity of LGUs to collect, monitor and use data for decision making has been greatly enhanced. The reports also show how far the Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) that UNDP has supported can go in terms of its use. Against the backdrop of renewed optimism emanating from the new political leadership, this rst set of nine Provincial Reports on the MDGs is a timely and important milestone. The reports provide crucial insights on how to overcome the constraints in achieving the MDGs locally as the country gears towards the last stretch to attain the eight goals by 2015. They also emphasize the important role of active collaboration of political leaders, stakeholders, and donors in achieving the MDGs. I wish to commend the nine Provincial Governments that prepared their reports the Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Biliran, Camarines Norte, Eastern Samar, Marinduque, Romblon, Sarangani and Siquijor Province the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) Network and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) for working together in bringing about this important accomplishment. With this initiative, it is hoped that other provinces will follow suit to attain nationwide support s for the need to accelerate the pace of the achievement of the MDGs by 2015.
Dr Dr. Jacqueline Badcock

UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative
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Message
Republic of the Philippines PROVINCE OF SIQUIJOR OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

The conduct of the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) survey in the province of Siquijor provides the local leaders with a good picture of what the government under my present administration had done to improve the living conditions of my constituents in addressing their problems and in providing their basic needs. The results were commendable and gratifying because we know our efforts did not go to waste but were properly put to good use. Though the province of Siquijor is small in terms of land area and population, and therefore would only get a meager share from the national government in the form of the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), we are proud to say that Siquijor was never in the list of the 20 poorest provinces in the Philippines. This only proves that development of a place is not solely dependent on how much money there is in the government coffers but on how the money is being spent for the delivery of basic services and how these services are prioritized. All efforts of my administration are focused on the reduction of poverty and increase of income of my constituents. Right now, we are implementing very critical programs and projects in order to realize these immediate twin goals of government. These goals are in fact at the very heart of our nations thrust and we have committed to achieve these goals together with the rest of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Governance is at the center of all our efforts to improve the quality of life of our people. The people of my province understood that Governance is a collective responsibility where everyone -- the governed and the elective officials is a stakeholder. This proved to be an effective scheme for Siquijor which resulted in yielding more than average results, even with meager resources at the disposal of government.
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We consider good governance as the forefront of development. In our own lingo, we call it strong political will. The Philippines will only be as strong as its weakest local government unit and so we recognize the very important role we have in charting our nations destiny. God Bless Siquijor!
ORLANDO A. FUA, JR.

Governor
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Table of Contents
Foreword
........................................................................................................
Messages UN Resident Coordinator Dr. Jacqueline Badcock ............................... 4

Siquijor Governor Orlando Fua, Jr. .......................................................
Table of Contents ................................................................................................. 7 List of Acronyms .................................................................................................. 9 List of Tables ....................................................................................................... 11 List of Figures ......................................................................................................
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Executive Summary ...................................................................................... 16 Part 1. Provincial Profile

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. History ........................................................................................ Geo-physical Environment ............................................................. Population and Social Environment ................................................ Local Economy ............................................................................. Infrastructure/Utilities/Facilities ....................................................... Local Institutional Capability ...........................................................
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Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Goal 1 - Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger ................................................... 41 Goal 2 - Achieve Universal Primary Education ....................................................... 52 Goal 3 - Promote Gender Equality ....................................................................... 57 Goal 4 - Reduce Child Mortality .......................................................................... 62 Goal 5 - Improve Maternal Health ........................................................................... 66
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Table of Contents
Goal 6 - Combat HIV / AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases ................................ 69 Goal 7 - Ensure Environmental Sustainability .................................................. 71 Goal 8 - Develop a Global Partnership for Development
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79 83 85 85
Part 3. Meeting the 2015 Challenge

Priority Programs and Policy Responses ............................................... Financing the MDGs .......................................................................... Monitoring Progress Toward the Attainment of the MDGs .......................
Part 4. Conclusion and Recommendations ........................................ 86 Explanatory Text ................................................................................... 88
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List of Acronyms
AIDS ALS APGR ATM BEMONC BIT-IC CA CEMONIC CS DA DAR DepEd DOST DOTC DPWH DTI FAITH GAD GER HIV IEC ISLACOM LGU MCP MSWD NER NPC NSCB NSO OFW OSFUA PEPT PO PROSIELCO PTCA
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome Alternative Learning System Annual Population Growth Rate Automated Teller Machine Basic Emergency Obstetrical Neonatal Care Bohol Institute of Technology Institute College Cancer Comprehensive Obstetric Neonatal Care Civic Society Department of Agriculture Department of Agrarian Reform Department of Education Department of Science and Technology Department of Transportation and Communications Department of Public Works and Highways Department of Trade and Industry Food Always in the Home Gender and Development Gross Enrollment Ratio Human Immune Deficiency Virus Information Education Communication Isla Communication Local Government Unit Maternity Care Package Metro Siquijor Water District Net Enrollment Ratio National Power Corporation National Statistics Coordination Board National Statistics Office Overseas Filipino Worker Optimizing Sustainable Food Upliftment Alternatives Philippine Educational Placement Test Peoples Organization Province of Siquijor Electric Cooperative Parents Teachers Community Association
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List of Acronyms
QMIS RCDG REB RHM SPES SPUG SSC TB-DOTS TESDA TMSI TWD
Quezon Memorial Institute of Siquijor Reinforced Concrete Deck Girders Reach Every Barangay Rural Health Midwife Special Program for the Employment of Student Strategic Power Utility Group Siquijor State College TB-Directly Observed Treatment Service Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Telecommunication Management System Inc. Technical Working Group
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List of Tables
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Table 21 Table 22 Table 23 Table 24 Table 25 Table 26 Table 27 Table 28 Table 29
Summary of MDG indicators, Province of Siquijor, 2006 Land Area, Population (2007), Number of Households and Number of Barangays Population in Central Visayas Region, By Province Siquijor Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area by Municipality Mortality Data, Siquijor Province Morbidity, Leading Causes, Number and Rate per 1,000 Populations, 5-Year Average (2003-2007) and 2008, Province of Siquijor Total Enrolment of Public Elementary School, Central Visayas Total Enrolment of Public Secondary School Central Visayas Enrolment Participation Rate, Province of Siquijor, School Years 2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009 Teacher-Pupil Ratio, Province of Siquijor , School Years 2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009 Classroom-Pupil Ratio, Province of Siquijor, School Years 2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009 Percentage of Paved Roads (National and Provincial Roads), Province of Siquijor Road Classification for Siquijor Province, Provincial Roads Road Classification for Siquijor Province, National Roads (DPWH) National Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By Municipality Provincial Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By Municipality Municipal Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By Municipality Barangay Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By Municipality Total Road Length, Province of Siquijor Total Road Length by Materials Paved, Province of Siquijor Number of Barangays Served by Electricity and Households Connections, Province of Siquijor, 2009 Electric Generation & Consumption, Province of Siquijor Electrical Connections by Type of Users, by Municipality, Province of Siquijor, 2009 Water Supply Provision for Barangays, by Water Level, Province of Siquijor Water Consumption & Generation, Province of Siquijor Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Living Below Poverty Threshold, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Living Below Food Threshold, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Poverty Gap, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Employment Rate, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006
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List of Tables
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Table 30 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Who Experienced Food Shortage, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 31 Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 Years of Age, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 32 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old Enrolled in Elementary Education, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 33 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 years old Enrolled in High School, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 34 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old Enrolled in School, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 35 Literacy Rate of 15-24 Year-Olds, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 36 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education, by Municipality and by Urban/ Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 37 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education, by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 38 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 39 Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15 24 years old), by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 40 Proportion of Elective Seats Held by Women, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 41 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 42 Magnitude and Proportion of Infants Who Died, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 43 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 1 to Less Than 5 Years Who Died, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 44 Magnitude and Proportion of Women Deaths Due to Pregnancy-Related Causes, by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 45 Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 46 Distribution of Land with Forest Cover, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2010 Table 47 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 48 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006
Table 49 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population who are Informal Settlers, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 50 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population who Live in Makeshift Housing, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 51 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 52 Magnitude and Proportion of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 53 Magnitude and Proportion of Households with Cellphones, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 54 Magnitude and Proportion of Households with Computers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 55 The CBMS-MDG Indicators and their Definition Table 56 Poverty and Food Thresholds
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27
Regional Location Map Provincial Map of Siquijor Population, annual population growth rate and population density, by municipality Location of Health and Allied Facilities Location of Educational Facilities Ports in Siquijor Road Map of Siquijor Electricity and household connections Electrical connections by type of users by municipality Percent of households served per municipality, by level Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Poverty Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Food Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Poverty Gap Ratio, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map on Employment Rate, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Population Who Experienced Food Shortage By Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 Years of Age By, Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old in Elementary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 Years Old in High School, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old in School by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Literacy Rate of the Population 15-24 Year-Olds by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15-24 Years Old), by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Elective Seats Held by Women, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Infants Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Figure 36 Figure 37 Figure 38 Figure 39 Figure 40
Map of Proportion of Children Aged 1 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Women Deaths Due to Pregnancy- Related Causes, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Proportion of Land with Forest Cover, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2010 Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Population Who are Informal Settlers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Population who are Living in Makeshift Housing, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines, by Municipality, Province of Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Households with Cellphones, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Map of Proportion of Households with Computers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 CBMS Coverage in the Philippines (as of May 12, 2010)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The First Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report of the Province of Siquijor used the results of the 2006 CBMS Survey. There are good and not so good results in terms of some indicators. There are also some indicators that require more innovative and highly creative strategies if there is truly a desire on the part of the local government to achieve the MDG targets by 2015. Given the financial capability of the LGU, there may be low probability of meeting these targets. However, with the local leaders, the constituents, and the national government working and acting together, with the help of other equally-concerned donors from other countries, the MDG targets can be realized and the lives of the people in the province might be improved.
rate could be attributed to the presence of readily available child health programs such as, but not limited to, immunization programs, cheaper medicines at the Botika ng Barangay, breastfeeding program, and other child-focused health projects. Given these interventions, it is believed that the province has high probability of achieving zero child mortality by 2015. The province recorded only three (3) pregnancy-related deaths. This very low maternal death can somehow be attributed to the fact that morbid and complicated pregnant mothers are referred to health facilities outside the province. Despite this low maternal death rate, the general perception is that pre-natal care services are still poor and facility-based services are very low as most of the deliveries were performed at home (87%). To achieve zero (0) maternal death rates, deliveries must eventually be performed in the birthing facilities by trained personnel or midwives. Maternal care package should also be vigorously performed. Literacy rate among population aged 1524 was high at 98.7 percent, with literacy rate of males (98.7%) being slightly higher by 0.1 percent than that of females (98.6%). Given that the target is 100 percent, the difference to be worked out until 2015 is only 1.3 percent.
Good news
Proportion of children aged 0-5 who are underweight was only 2.3 percent, which already surpassed the 2015 national target of 17.3 percent. Malnutrition in the province is not a very big problem also but it should be noted that the target is to have zero (0) malnutrition rate by 2015. Mortality rate among children aged 0-5 was only 0.4 percent. This very low
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Table 1. Summary of MDG Indicators, Province of Siquijor, 2006
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Table 1. (Continuation)
Source: CBMS Survey 2006
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The ratio of girls to boys in elementary education was 0.94, which is very close to the desired ratio of 1. Moving to higher educational levels, the ratio slightly increased in favor of girls, with 1.03 in secondary and 1.05 in tertiary. The results indicate that there is gender equality in school participation. However, although the proportion of seats held by women in positions in municipalities and the province is only 27.0 percent, it was assured that women are given equal opportunities in the electoral exercise. Proportion of households with access to safe drinking water was 95.1 percent. Proportion of households with access to sanitary toilet facilities was 85.6 percent, which is still higher than the 2015 national target of 83.8 percent. The remaining 14.4 percent will be attended to in the next 5 years.
means that 18.0 percent are not employed. This partly explains why more than half of the population in the province was living below the poverty threshold. Proportion of children aged 13-16 who are enrolled in high school was only 70.1 percent. This means that a relatively large proportion of children within this age range are not attending high school. The reasons for low participation rate should be explored further and the root causes of the problem should be addressed. This report could help the province in prioritizing interventions that would help attain their MDG targets. Government programs should be implemented specifically to address poverty, unemployment and hunger in order to achieve 2015 MDG target on the eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Furthermore, since it is also widely recognized that educational status is directly linked to poverty, problems concerning education should be addressed. There is also a need to ensure adequate living conditions among the communities by designing appropriate interventions in the province such as implementation of a housing program or other programs such as provision of safe drinking water, installation of sanitary toilets through LGU-Household Cooperation, Bayanihan Housing Project for informal settlers and for those living in makeshift housing.
Not-so-good news
There were 48,030 persons, or approximately 58.8 percent of the total provinces population, who are living below the poverty threshold. This figure is relatively higher than the national poverty rate of 32.9 percent in 2006. In addition, the magnitude of the population living below the food threshold was 35,357, which is equivalent to 43.3 percent of the total population. Employment rate was only 82.0 percent of the total labor force, which
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Part 1. Provincial Profile

Figure 1. Regional Location Map
1. History
Very little is known about Siquijor and its inhabitants before the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century. During its occupation, however, caves in the island yielded old China wares that imply earlier encounters with Chinese traders. The original inhabitants called Siquijodnons came from Cebu, Bohol and other adjacent islands. Legends tell of a King Kihod as
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the source of the islands name. Old residents also called the island Katugasan, derived from the Molave trees that cover the hill. The Spaniards, however, called it Isla de Fuego or island of fire because of the eerie luminescence generated by the swarms of fireflies found in the island. The first Spaniard to discover the island was Esteban Rodriguez of the Legazpi Expedition in 1565. He was the captain of a small party that left Legazpis camp in Bohol to explore
Figure 2. Provincial Map of Siquijor
Source: SIMU
the nearby island. After having been part of the province of Bohol until 1854 and province of Negros Oriental until 1892, Siquijor became an independent province in 1971.
2. Geo-Physical Environment
Siquijor is the smallest island province in the Central Visayas Region. The province of Siquijor is a 4th class province with a lone congressional district. It consists of six (6) municipalities: Larena, Siquijor, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Enrique Villanueva with a total of 134 barangays (9 urban and 125 rural barangays). It is geographically located between 905 N and 918 N, and 12327 E and 12342 E midway between the Visayas and Mindanao islands. It is
bounded on the northwest by the island of Cebu, on the northeast by Bohol, on the east by Camiguin Island, on the south by mainland Mindanao, and on the west by Negros island. On its northern shore is the Bohol Strait and on its southeast shore, the Mindanao Sea. The island is 565 aerial kilometers (km) from the National Capital Region (NCR) in Luzon and is approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes by plane. The Province of Siquijor is basically hilly and mountainous, mostly made up of limestone rock. Mt. Bandilaan, the highest peak of the province, rises about 557 meters above sea level. The central highlands drop coastward into floodplains and deltas found in the northern and southern coasts.
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Land use in Siquijor is predominantly devoted to agriculture, covering 52.0 percent of the total land area which generally includes areas planted to coconut, corn, and irrigated and non-irrigated paddy rice. A substantial portion of the island is also devoted to grassland (38.0 percent) found mostly in the uplands with slopes of 8.0 percent and above. Woodland areas are those covered with trees or woody type of vegetation, representing about 3.0 percent of the islands total land area. The rest are used for settlements and commercial purposes which are mostly concentrated in the Poblacion of every municipality. The largest among the municipalities is Siquijor which covers an area of 8,205.9 hectares, followed by Lazi at 7,322.2 hectares. The smallest municipality is Enrique Villanueva which has 2,792.7 hectares . Geological formations are dominated by limestone, originated in a former coral reef. Karst formations are also numerous. Some volcanic agglomerates could be found only
in the northeast of the island. Much of the island is rimmed by low limestone cliffs bordered by a very narrow strip of sand. In some places, small beaches are isolated in coves and indentations. Although the coastline of Siquijor is irregular, bays are almost nonexistent. The only significant bay found on the island is Maria Bay located in the eastern side of the island. Topographic features associated with limestone terrain in Siquijor include cliffs, depressions and sinkholes. There are a lot of caves in the island. The surface drainage of the island is not well developed and water is often diverted into subsurface channels.
3. Population and Social Environment

3.1 Population Size, Density and Growth Rate
The population of Siquijor based on the 2007 Census of Population (POPCEN 2007) was 87,695 persons. This figure is higher
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by 6,097 persons over the population count of 81,598 persons in 2000 or 7.47 percent increase over the 2000 count. The recent population count for the province translates to an annual growth rate of 1.0 percent for the period 2000 to 2007. It is lower than the 2.2 percent annual growth rate for the period 1995-2000 by 1.2 percent. In the whole of Region VII, Siquijor registered the lowest annual population growth rate (APGR), followed by Bohols 1.1 percent and Negros Orientals 1.2 percent. The province with the highest APGR is Cebu. The three provinces of Siquijor, Bohol and Negros Oriental have lower APGRs than the regional rate while Cebu exceeded the regional APGR by 0.1 percent. Region VII, however, still has a lower APGR than the national figure. In 2000, Cebu had the highest population density of 489 persons/ sq.km. Bohol followed with 276 persons/ sq.km., then Siquijor with 256 persons/ sq.km. and finally, Negros Oriental with the lowest population density of 208.4 persons/ sq.km. Only Cebu had a population density higher than the regional population density of 381 persons/sq.km. Compared with the national figure, Cebu and Bohol registered higher population densities. Among the municipalities, Larena registered the highest population density of 329 persons/sq.km. based on the 2007 census.
This could be due to its smaller land area, followed by San Juan with 326 persons/ sq.km., Siquijor with 288 persons/sq.km., Lazi with 265, Maria with 230, and Enrique Villanueva with the lowest density of 210 persons/sq.km.
Figure 3. Population, Annual Population Growth Rate and Population Density, by Municipality
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Figure 3. (Continued)
Generally, there is little or no pollution in the rivers and foreshore areas except for visible garbage (particularly plastics and glass bottles) thrown or left indiscriminately by the locals and tourists alike. The waters around the harbors are visibly clear. In fact, according to some diving experts, some of the best dive sites in the island are found near piers in Siquijor and Lazi.
3.3.1 Health
Siquijor believes that a healthy and wellcared population is the pillar of a progressive nation. That is why health should be considered a main priority by the government and should thus be given more importance. In the province of Siquijor, mortality data had been observed to be high. Deaths were generally caused by septicemia/Sep-
3.2 Language/Dialects
Cebuano is the main dialect generally spoken in the households of Siquijor. Tagalog as well as English, however, are understood by a big majority of the population. The big influencing factors include the movies, radio, television and publications. English remains as the medium of instruction in schools, colleges, and other higher learning institutions aside from the fact that most foreigners who live in Siquijor are English-speaking people.
3.3 Social Environment

Siquijor province has its own unique island ecosystem and contains endemic and wildlife species probably not found anywhere in the country. There are no existing biological assessments in the island that can establish the condition and diversity of species. The different ecosystems considered vital to the overall status of the natural environment include coastal, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. National guidelines exist for the protection of such ecosystems.
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sis, pneumonia and cancer of all forms from 2006-2008. The provinces leading causes of mortality occur because of the inefficiency of the local health system in the province. Such inefficiency is manifested by the lack of functional management systems such as the referral network that is supposed to assure timely transport of patients. The Siquijor Provincial Hospital services the island with 100 beds. There is a small hospital in Lazi, the Lazi District Hospital, which has 15 beds. Even though the number of beds is sufficient for its population per the national standard (1 bed per 1,000 persons) and the land area is sufficient for the bed capacity (2.36 hectares total for hospital and grounds), improvements in the Provincial Hospital need to be made. However, no money has been allocated for such improvements. While there are plans to expand the Lazi District Hospital, it does
Figure 4. Location of Health and Allied Facilities
not, however, qualify as a district hospital because it only provides basic medical services for minor ailments and obstetrics. The province shows that the causes of morbidity are the result of poor environmental sanitation, unsafe drinking water, un-
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healthy lifestyle, lack of vitamin supplementation or malnutrition. The leading causes of morbidity are still infectious diseases such as: Bronchitis/Bronchitis, Acute Respiratory Infection, Pneumonia, Diarrhea, Hypertension, TB, respiratory diseases and dengue fever (Table 5). However, it is noted that cardiovascular diseases have significantly increased in recent years, indicating a need for an intensified campaign on preventive measures specifically on healthy lifestyle programs. Sustaining and strengthening effective advocacy campaigns at the community level on the prevention and control of infectious deceases is indeed a must. Local government units (LGUs) must increase investments on programs that are still considered public health threats.
tor include the literacy rate, elementary and secondary cohort survival rates, elementary secondary classroom-pupil ratios, and elementary and secondary participation rates, among others. Figure 5 also shows the location of the various educational facilities in the province. The total enrolment for all ages in public schools in the province for SY 2007-2008 was 11,170. Total enrolment for those aged 6-11 years old for the same school year was 9,227 resulting in a Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of 85.4 percent and a Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) of 70.5 percent. Both the GER and NER are lower than the Central Visayas ratios. Siquijor province had a total enrolment of 4,711 in public schools for all ages and both sexes for SY2007-2008 while the total enrolment for children aged 12-15 years old during the same school year was 3,345.
3.3.2 Education
The province of Siquijor has only one school division. The indicators in this secFigure 5. Location of Educational Facilities
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Table 7: Total Enrolment of Public Elementary School Central Visayas
Given the total population of those aged 12-15 years of 8,654, GER is 54.4 percent and NER is 38.7 percent. Table 8 illustrates the Gross and Net Enrolment Ratios in secondary education for public schools in the province of Siquijor
as well as in other provinces in Central Visayas.
3.3.3 Enrolment Participation Rate

The enrolment participation rates in Siquijor province for both the elementary and
Table 8: Total Enrolment of Public Secondary School Central Visayas
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secondary education is seen to be decreasing. For the elementary level, based on the data for SY 2006-2007 provided by the Department of Education (DepEd)-Siquijor Division Office, the enrolment participation rate registered at 72.1 percent which was really high. However, this went down to 70.5 percent in SY 2007-2008 and to 70.18 percent in SY 2008-2009. The same trend can be seen in the secondary level where the enrolment participation rate decreased from 39.9 percent in SY 2006-2007 to 38.7 percent in SY 2007-2008 and then further declined in SY 2008-2009 to 37.29 percent (Table 8).
number of pupils and that, conversely, pupils receive less attention from the teacher. It is generally assumed that a low pupilteacher ratio signifies smaller classes, which enables the teacher to pay more attention to individual pupils and thus contribute to the better scholastic performance of the pupils. However, this indicator does not take into account differences in teachers academic qualifications, pedagogical training, professional experience and status, teaching methods, teaching materials and variations in classroom condition (EFA Indicators). The ratio of the teacher to students in the elementary level for three school years in the province of Siquijor was well within the standards. The average teacher-pupil ratio in the province was registered at 1:21 (Table 9). In the secondary level, meanwhile, the ratio showed a better picture during the latter school years due to the decrease in the enrolment participation rate.
3.3.4 Teacher-Pupil Ratio
3.3.5 Classroom-Pupil Ratio

Classroom-pupil ratio is still above the national standard class size of 1:45 because some classrooms used for ancillary services were included in the computations. Another performance indicator of the education sector is the teacher-pupil ratio. It is the average number of pupils per teacher in a given school year. This indicator is used to measure the level of human input, in terms of number of teachers, in relation to the size of the pupil population. As of 2000, the established national standard for the number of pupils per teacher is 60. This used to be 40 pupils per teacher. A high pupilteacher ratio suggests that each teacher has to deal with a large In the elementary level, the ratio of classroom to pupils is one classroom for every 23 students in school year 2007-2008. This decreased to 1:22 in the school year 20082009 but again increased to 1:24 in school year 2009-2010.
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In the secondary level, a general improvement in the classroom-pupil ratio was observed during the latter school years as compared to the earlier school year. In particular, there were 32 pupils for every classroom during the school years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 as compared to 33 during the school year 2007-2008. The decrease was attributed to the additional school which was turned over to the Department of Education. This refers to the Lazi National Agricultural School.
3.3.6 Colleges and Other Institutions of Higher Learning

In the province, there are three colleges that cater to the needs of Siquijodnons for higher learning. The three collegiate institutions offer several collegiate and post collegiate courses as well as technical vocational courses. The three are: the Siquijor State College (SSC) located in Larena, which is the biggest of the three collegiate institutions and run by the government, the Balite Institute of Technology (BIT), located in Siquijor, Siquijor and the Quezon Memorial Institute of Siquijor (QMIS) also located in Siquijor.
The local economy derives earnings from exporting traditional goods such as copra, live animals and fruits. Four of the top five exports of the province are copra, livestock, lumber and fruits but not in substantial volumes. Minor export commodities include bananas, furniture and palay. These are exported to Dumaguete, Bacolod and Cebu. On the other hand, it imports processed commodities, the bulk of which are bottled merchandise and general cargo, cement, animal feeds and rice. Siquijor is highly import-dependent in terms of currency and commodities. Agriculture remains to be the leading industry in Siquijor in terms of employment generation. Coconut and corn are the principal crops in Siquijor. Next to coconut and corn, root crop is a significant agricultural commodity. Cassava and sweet potato are the leading 2007 crops in this category in terms of land area proportions. Peanut and cassava are principal agricultural products in the towns of Lazi and Maria. The top two fruits grown in Siquijor in terms of production volume are banana and mango. Fishery in Siquijor is mainly characterized as small scale and marginal fishing. In 2008, there were a total of about 6,115 fishermen in Siquijor province. Mining (secondary sector) is considered a major industry in the province in terms of local income but mainly concentrated in Lazi and Maria. The province used to be a leading producer of manganese as early as during the Japanese occupation in the island up until the 1970s when manganese mines closed down due to diminished mining prospects.
4. Local Economy
The Siquijor provincial economy is made up of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. These sectors represent the different industry groups and economic activities. The primary sector includes agriculture, fishery and forestry; the secondary sector comprises mining and quarrying, manufacturing and processing, and the tertiary sector includes services.
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Limestone quarrying came in the middle of the 1990s and was concentrated in Lazi and Maria. But then again, it stopped operation in 2006. During its lifetime, mining (secondary sector) was considered a major industry in terms of local income and employment but only for a short period of time. Business establishments in Siquijor are predominantly trading and services (tertiary sector). Industries operating in the island are made up of a handful of small enterprises. They include metalworking, food processing, ceramics, furniture, gifts, toys and house ware. There are four banks in the province that provide financial services (deposit and credit), namely: Allied Bank, Land Bank of the Philippines, Larena Rural Bank and First Consolidated Bank. There are two automated teller machines (ATM) operated by the Land Bank and Allied Bank in Larena. Both do not accept credit cards though. Credit cards are accepted only in limited tourist resorts. Visitors arriving in the island either have to carry cash or inquire on arrival whether their accommodation accepts credit cards as mode of payment. Sources of income at the household level come from: (1) local employment or business, and (2) remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and Balikbayans residing in various countries all over the world. This segment of the labor force contributes considerably to the income of the locals through regular remittances sent to family members or relatives.
5. Infrastructure/Utilities/Facilities
5.1 Transportation
Sea transportation is the primary mode of transport between Siquijor and other provinces. There are two major government ports and one private port operating in the province. The port of Larena is the principal maritime port of entry of the province. Siquijor Province is accessible primarily by sea transport from the neighboring provinces of Negros Oriental, Bohol, Cebu and from Plaridel, Misamis Occidental and Iligan City in Mindanao. There are at least three ports in the municipalities of Larena, Siquijor and Lazi. The port of Larena is the principal port of entry in the province. The port of Siquijor caters only to boats plying Siquijor and Dumaguete City. The shipping lines with main offices in Cebu City which provide trips from Cebu to Tagbilaran and Larena, Siquijor are: Cokaliong which schedules its trips from Cebu to Larena, Siquijor every Monday afternoon and goes back to Cebu in the evening of the same day; Palacio Shipping which schedules its trips from Cebu to Larena, Siquijor every Monday, Wednesday and Friday afternoon and proceeds to Plaridel, Misamis Occidental in the early morning of Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and comes back to Larena on Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday afternoon and goes back to Cebu on the night of the same day; Lite Shipping sails to Larena from Cebu at noon time every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and proceeds to Plaridel in Mindanao early morning of the next day and comes back to Larena every Wednesday, Friday and Sunday afternoon and straight back to Cebu in the evening of the same day. Ocean Jet which is a fast
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Figure 6. Ports in Siquijor Larena Port Cang-Alwang Airport
Lazi Port
Siquijor Port
craft sails daily from Cebu at 3:40 in the afternoon to Tagbilaran via Dumaguete and Siquijor and goes back to Cebu from Siquijor every morning at 6:00 oclock. Delta fast ferries 1 and 3 provide 50-minute sea transport from Dumaguete to Siquijor and Larena four times daily. Montenegro Shipping sails to Dumaguete City and back to Larena and Siquijor 2 times daily. Given the increasing volume in passenger traffic, the improvement and development of the airport such as the asphalting/concreting of the runway is deemed necessary, as this is the only air link to nearby provinces. This would serve as the emergency
access to and from the province when sea access is not available. This will also improve the tourism industry in the locality as it provides an alternative means of transportation during very crucial times. All the improvements will translate into increased employment, income and government revenues and improved quality of life. The Siquijor Circumferential Road links one municipality to the other and carries most of the volume of traffic in the province. It has two major points, the municipalities of Larena and Lazi, corresponding to two traffic routes namely: Larena-Siquijor-San Juan-Lazi vice-versa and Larena-Tal-
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ingting-Maria-Lazi vice-versa. These routes pass through the centers of each of the six municipalities.
Larena-Basac-Maria road to reach Maria. There are 168.632 kilometers of provincial roads in Siquijor. There is a good quality road network in the island. The majority of streets is asphalted or cemented. Remote areas have mostly graveled roads. Traffic density in Siquijor is low. The national highway spans 95.017 kilometers of either concrete or asphalt-pave roads, provincial roads, municipal roads, barangay roads or farmto-market roads. The provincial roads have a total length of 168.632 kilometers which cover interior areas traversing the upland areas. The major arterial roads are mostly made of concrete. These are mostly allweather roads, passable by both light and heavy vehicles, primarily transporting farm produce and passengers to and from the growth centers and settlement areas. The
A total of 95.017 kilometers of national road in the province comprise the major arterial road. This circumferential road is mostly covered with asphalt. This national road passes through the six municipalities. Access to interior parts of the province is possible. With the provincial roads, without taking the regular route, one can travel from Larena-Cang-agong-Cangumantong-Poo Road. From Larena, people can take the
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total length of national and provincial roads is 244 kilometers. Priority among the internal routes is the upgrading or improvement of the coastal highway (circumferential roads) from asphalt to concrete pave roads, all the way north and south. The rehabilitation/improvement of this road network is ongoing under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Central Office and the rest under the Regional and District Offices of the DPWH. Such activities implemented are perceived to increase the level of service and to improve mobility of people with less vehicle- operating expenses and less time/ effort consumption.
cial roads, 27.929 kilometers of municipal roads, and 80.763 kilometers of barangay roads. Provincial roads and municipal are mostly asphalt. Siquijor municipality has the longest stretch of municipal roads (9.8 kilometers) in the province. Next is Lazi with 7.6 kilometers of municipal roads while San Juan has the shortest municipal roads of only about 1.7 kilometers
The municipality of Siquijor has the longest artery of barangay roads in the province with more than 43 kilometers. Next to Siquijor are Larena and Lazi with almost 11 kilometers of barangay roads for each of the said municipalities. Enrique Villanueva has the shortest length of barangay roads with only about 4 kilometers. The local government units also took part in undertaking complementary activities like asphalting, concreting and gravelling of local roads of 168.632 kilometers of provinAs to the road surface types, gravel is still predominant. Total road length over total population is 0.004 which is very much high-
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Figure 7. Road Map of Siquijor
er than the national standard which is 0.001 or 1 kilometer in every 1000 population.
5.2 Communication
The province of Siquijor has communication facilities, with all municipalities having direct contact through telephones, cellular phones and single-side band radio sets. There are also privately owned and managed telephone services operating in the province like TMSI, GLOBE and ISLACOM. Most of the telecommunications facilities of these companies are located in Larena and Siquijor. The LGUs and the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) operate the rest of the telecommunication facilities in the province jointly.
The communication facilities include newspapers, internet servers and cafes, cellular phone sites, telephone, telegraph and post offices.
5.3 Power
The power supply in Siquijor province is being provided by the Strategic Power Utility Group (SPUG), the missionary arm of the National Power Corporation (NPC). The main sources of power in the province are the MAN diesel generator sets located in the municipality of Siquijor. These generators were installed back in 1984. There are five generators all in all but, but only three are operational and the other two are right now undergoing major repair. The other source of electricity of the province is the Power Barge 113, which is docked
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Source: Province of Siquijor Electric Cooperative (PROSIELCO)
at the municipality of Lazi located at the southern part of the island. Power Barge 113 came from Mindoro and is basically used to augment the generation of the diesel power plants during the peak hours and another Power Barge 116 installed at Larena, Siquijor. As of July 2009, the Province of Siquijor Electric Cooperative (PROSIELCO), the islands distribution system, was able to provide electrical connections to 15,047 households, which comprised 87.1 percent of the total households of 17,285. The remaining 13 percent are not served with electricity. In terms of barangays served, 134 out of 134 barangays or 100 percent are served by PROSIELCO. Clustering of houses and accessibility in the province are factors that affect the provision of power lines. Thus, electrical power is well provided in the two primary growth centers of the province, which are the municipalities of Larena and Siquijor. The province of Siquijor has an average power consumption of 1.6 mega watts per hour and has a capacity to generate 1.77 mega watts per hour which entails 0.11 mega watt per hour of surplus power.
Figure 8. Electricity and Household Connections
Source: PROSIELCO
There were 16,542 electrical connections in the province of Siquijor as of 2009. These were predominantly residential (81 percent), followed by commercial establishments (10 percent), streetlights (5 percent), public buildings (4 percent) and industrial
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connection (1 percent). The municipality of Siquijor has the most number of electrical connections (30 percent), followed by Larena (19 percent) while Enrique Villanueva had the least with 7 percent of the total connections in the province.
opment of the feeder airport are high priority plans. Improvement of the power supply will likely result in the reduction of power outages (service interruptions) and reduced power bills plus the likelihood of sustained and quality service. Eventually, the province will be able to attract investors to put up and establish big business in the island.
5.4 Water
Water is the basic need or requirement for domestic, commercial or industrial use, and all other activities and is therefore considered a critical determinant of economic development. Water supply program has always been on top of the development agenda of the Provincial
Improvement of the power supply and development and management of the water system as well as the devel-
Figure 9. Electrical Connections by Type of Users, by Municipality
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Source: PROSIELCO
Government, both in the short-term and medium-term. There is abundant water supply in the province. In fact, there is an excess water generation of 0.11 million cubic meters. However, in some municipalities, water supply is inefficient and the common perception for this situation is the poor planning in the waterworks system (improper sizes of pipes, piping network system poorly laid out/designed and small-sized reservoirs). The whole province of Siquijor is served by Level I, Level II and Level III water systems, where: Level I refers to water tapped directly from point sources such as rain collectors, springs, shallow and deep wells. Level II pertains to water distributed through pipes with communal faucets (stand pipe) which serve clusters of households at the barangays or sitios. Level III corresponds to piped water systems with individual household connections. . The Metro Siquijor Water District (MSWD) supplies Level III water to the towns of Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor. The municipalities of Larena and Enrique Villanueva are managing their own municipal water supply systems. Rural Water Supply Associations (RWSAs) are also found in the province operating Level II water supply systems in the areas not served by MSWD and by the two municipal water districts. Springs are the major sources of water supply for the municipalities. Currently, three springs, namely, Cansilim, Cangkabo and Candura are the sources of water sup-
ply serving 15 barangays. Aside from these springs, there are other springs --Tubod, Canghaling and Capilay -- which are potential sources for water supply. Although the island has sufficient water sources, however, they are not fully utilized. Some areas still suffer from shortage and water is not provided 24 hours a day. To solve such problems, privately owned resorts and establishments have started finding their own resources by utilizing wells in their areas or setting up water tanks to reserve water for non-drinking usage during times of water shortage. To economize on the usage of water, some of the resort owners have adopted certain measures to minimize their consumption like having small sinks, low-flow showerheads and low-pressure flush toilet and making use of treated sewage for watering plants and use of rainwater, among others. Table 23 shows the number and percentage shares of barangays being served by water level systems I, II and III. A greater number of barangays is being served by Level II water system at 44 percent while 38 percent is served by Level III water system, and 18 percent by Level I system. In terms of individual household connection/access to the water system, this is not prevalent in the municipality of Siquijor where 32 out of 42 barangays, which is equivalent to 76 percent of households, have such connection. Larena also has the advantage of having more than one third (39 percent) of its barangays being served by level III. Enrique Villanueva has no access to piped water distribution for individual households. Except for Maria and Siquijor, at least half of all barangays
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in the other four municipalities are served by Level II water system, with Lazi having the highest share at 67 percent. Enrique Villanueva relies heavily on Level I water system with half of its barangays dependent on said source. The municipalities of Siquijor and Larena have minimal shares of barangays dependent on this system. In Maria, about 45 percent of its barangays also depend on Level I system. Water is also a very important resource that investors look for, especially for businesses that require big volumes of water.
6. Local Institutional Capabilities

6.1 Structure and Functions of the Local Development Council
The Provincial Development Council is headed by the Governor and is composed of the following members: 1. all mayors of the six (6) municipalities of Enrique Villanueva, Larena, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and the capital town of Siquijor. 2. the chairman of the Committee on Appropriations of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan 3. the Congressman or his representative 4. the representatives of peoples organizations (POs) or civil society (CS) who shall constitute less than of the members of the fully organized council. In the case of Siquijor Province, there are four (4) representatives from the POs and CS. It also has an Executive Committee that represents and acts on behalf of the Provincial Development Council when it is not in session composed of the Governor as the Chairman, and the president of the League of Municipalities, the Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, the President of the Provincial Liga ng mga Barangay and a representative
Figure 10. Percent of Households Served per Municipality, by Level
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Source: PDPFP
of the POs/CS who sits in the Council, as members. The functions of the Provincial Development Council are the following: 1. Formulate long-term, medium-term and annual development plans and policies. 2. Formulate local development investment plans and annual investment program. 3. Evaluate and prioritize socio-economic development programs and projects. 4. Formulate local investment incentives to promote inflow of capital investments. 5. Coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation of development programs and projects.
Trainings identified to be important and necessary are on planning, project proposal writing and packaging, Geographic Information System, Computer Programming, and map laying, among others.
6.3 Fiscal Management Capability

Lower-class LGUs like Siquijor need more financial resources to support the provision of basic services and to fund local development plans that will help attain key human development outcomes. On one hand, revenue generation and resource mobilization are hampered by complex tax structures, poor system and procedures, and weak local capabilities. On the other hand, planning and budgeting at the local level are restrained by the short political tenure of local officials and the lack of a clear mandate supporting the linkage between the Local Development Plan, the Local Development Investment Program and the Annual Investment Program. LGUs may have identified and developed strategies and systems that will enable them to increase their financial resources but the legislature usually does not have the political will to enforce and put into law the proposed measures that would guarantee improved revenue collections. a. Development orientation of the Sanggunian as evidenced by its legislative output. There is still much to be desired as far as the performance of the Sanggunian vis--vis the development agenda for the province is concerned. b. Extent of representation and participation in local governance of non-government sections. The non-government sector, the
6.2 Technical Capability of the Local Planning and Development Council

The Local Planning and Development Council has very limited technical capabilities to carry out its mandated functions and responsibilities. Although the provincial government has very recently undertaken a review of the provincial plantilla positions with the end in view of streamlining the bureaucracy, what actually happened was simply an upgrading of positions and making permanent certain employees in the positions where they were previously designated. The Provincial Planning and Development Office is staffed with mostly clerical and administrative positions. The technical staff only consist of the Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator, the Planning Officer III and the Statistician Aide. The rest are Draftsman, and Computer Operators, among others.
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civil society and the peoples organizations actively participate in the governments programs and projects. They are properly represented in public consultations, especially in matters of policy formulation and program implementation. The NGOs/POs are very well represented even in the Local Development Council.
In the Municipal Planning and Development Offices, inputs from their Comprehensive Land Use Plans and other Local Development Plans coming from the Barangay Development Plans are integrated into the provincial plans. From the line agencies Technical Working Groups (TWGs), the inputs of the national line agencies are also integrated in the overall development c. Vertical and horizontal linkages of the framework of the province. LGU with other government agencies. There is relatively weak horizontal and vertical Horizontal linkages may be forward and/ linkage. However, efforts are being un- or backward. Forward linkages with the dertaken to strengthen linkages between Provincial Finance Committee provide proand among national government agencies. grams/projects/activities as inputs to the investment programming process. Backward In the planning processes, vertical link- linkage with the Provincial Department ages are carried through the Regional Heads and their Monitoring and Evaluation Development Council and the NEDA Re- Units provide feedback and other inputs for gional Office, with policy inputs provided revision or replanning. by means of the Regional Development Plans, Regional Physical Framework Plans, As a whole, the process goes back and Regional Development Investment Plans, forth, with national and regional plans and the Medium-Term Philippine Development policies guiding provincial and other local Plan and the National Framework for Physi- plans while receiving feedback and input cal Planning. from the province.
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Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day.
ed in the province of Siquijor reveal that the proportion of population living below the poverty threshold in the province was 58.8 percent or an equivalent of 48,030 persons. Out of the 48,030, 24,442 were males and 23,588 were females. More males than females live below the poverty threshold. Comparison by rural and urban categories showed that there were more rural people living below poverty threshold than those in
A. STATUS AND TRENDS

Proportion of Population Below Poverty Threshold
Results of the 2006 CBMS survey conduct-
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Province of Siquijor Province of Siquijor
urban areas. On the other hand, the municipalities of Enrique Villanueva, Lazi, Maria and San Juan had higher proportions of population living below poverty threshold than the province. Larena had the lowest proportion at 44.9 percent while Lazi had the highest at 75.9 percent. In all six municipalities, only Enrique Villanueva had a lower male than female proportion at 63.9 and 65.5 percent, respectively. The other five municipalities disclosed higher male to female proportions. All the six municipalities disclosed higher rural than urban proportions of the population below poverty threshold. Comparing across municipalities, the mu-
nicipalities of Larena and Siquijor registered lower proportions of the population below poverty threshold at 44.9 percent and 48.1 percent, respectively than the province. This may be due to the fact that Larena and Siquijor have more employment opportunities than the rest of the municipalities. Aside from being the commercial and trade centers in the province, these two municipalities have colleges and therefore varied small business activities related to board and lodging facilities, internet cafes, and sale of food items, among others. Meanwhile, Lazi has every opportunity to have a lower proportion of population living below poverty threshold because it has bigger areas for farming and they
Figure 11. Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Poverty Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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are privileged to have received the most number of government implemented socio-economic projects. However, according to the MLGOO and MPDC, they believed that the high poverty result obtained in Lazi may be due mainly to the peoples belief and attribute that when government conducts survey especially concerning the plight of the poor constituents, the end result would be that there will be financial assistance and funding and that big projects will be released to them and so they would respond to questions that would categorize them as poor. So the seriousness of the answers would be affected by what they presumed would be the end result. On the other hand, others say that the problem may be in the encoding which somewhat affect the truthfulness and faithfulness of the responses.
threshold at 44.1 percent was registered compared with females at 42.6 percent. With regard to urbanity, the proportion of the population living below the food threshold in the rural areas is higher than in the urban areas. Data in the municipalities showed that the same municipalities of Larena (29.2%) and Siquijor (30.3%) had recorded lesser percentage than the province in terms of this indicator. Thus, the proportions of population living below the food threshold in these places are relatively lower than that of the province. Again, the municipalities of Enrique Villanueva, Lazi, Maria and San Juan had higher proportions of the population living below food threshold than the provincial figure, with Lazi again posting the highest percentage at 64 percent. As to sex, the proportion of males living below the food threshold is higher than the females in the five municipalities of Larena, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor. It is only in Enrique Villanueva where the proportion of females to males is higher at 52.8 percent as against 51.4 percent.
Proportion of Population Living Below Food Threshold

The population in the province living below the food threshold is 43.3 percent or a total of 35,357 in magnitude. A higher percentage of males living below the food
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Figure 12. Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Food Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
Poverty Gap
Table 28 shows the poverty gap or the mean distance separating the population from the poverty line. The poverty gap of the province is 0.3. The municipalities of Larena and Siquijor have a poverty gap figure of 0.2, which is 0.1 lower than the provincial figure. Lazi again has the highest at 0.5 while Enrique Villanueva has 0.4 and Maria and San Juan both have 0.3. The relatively high poverty gap in Lazi as compared to other municipalities in Siquijor poses a great challenge to the local government unit. With the proper implementation of anti-poverty projects, especially skills and development activities, it would still be possible to lower the poverty gap.
Figure 13. Map of Poverty Gap Ratio, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Target 1B. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Employment Rate
Survey results for 2006 indicated that employment rate in the province is 82.0 percent or a magnitude of 26,889. Meanwhile, the urban-rural distribution showed that of the total labor force living in the urban areas, 75.9 percent were employed. On the other hand, employment rate in the rural areas is higher at 80.7 percent.
The municipality of San Juan posted the highest employment rate among all municipalities in Siquijor (84.0%), followed by Enrique Villanueva (83.0%). Although there is relatively high employment, poverty is still felt by most of the households as evidenced by the high proportion of households living below the poverty threshold. Some possible reasons are the nature of employment and the amount of wages received. Wages in Siquijor are very much lower than the minimum wage. Most jobs are agriculture-related and are therefore seasonal in nature.
Figure 14. Map on Employment Rate, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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The proportion of males employed vis-vis females is higher in all six municipalities. The municipality with the biggest disparity in the proportion of male to female employment was Lazi with 85.5 percent for males versus 70.1 percent for females. This is because the females usually stay in the house to care for the family while the males go out to work.
cent based on the 2006 CBMS survey or an equivalent of 2,913 persons. About 3.7 percent of males and 3.5 percent of females experienced food shortage during the reference period. More households in the rural areas (3.5%) experienced food shortage as compared with those in the urban areas (2.7%). Across municipalities, three municipalities had proportions lower than the province, namely, Siquijor (1.7%), San Juan (3.2%) and Lazi (0.7%). The rest had proportions higher than the provincial record, namely, Larena (4.1%), Maria (7.8%) and Enrique Villanueva (9.3%). The latter has the highest proportion of the population who experienced food shortage.
Target 1C. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Proportion of Population who Experienced Food Shortage
The proportion of the population who experienced food shortage was 3.6 per-
Figure 15. Map of Proportion of Population Who Experienced Food Shortage By Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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As mentioned earlier, Lazi had the lowest percentage of population who experienced food shortage. This seems to be inconsistent and difcult to explain given the fact that the municipality recorded the highest percentage of population living below poverty threshold and food threshold. One explanation offered by MPDO and MLGOO of Lazi is that the households really did not experience food shortage during the reference period, as they were able to eat three square meals a day and did not skip any meal. However, the kind of food they consumed may just be simple staple like rice or corn with viand or no viand at all.
2.3 percent or an equivalent of 158 children. The proportion of underweight among male children under 5 years was 2.3 percent while for the female, the proportion was 2.2 percent. As to urban and rural distribution of underweight children under 5 years of age, the proportion was 2.6 percent for urban areas and 2.2 percent for rural, indicating that there were more underweight children under 5 years of age in the urban areas than in the rural areas. In Maria, there was no prevalence of underweight children below 5 years of age. It is followed by Lazi with a prevalence rate of less than 1 (0.8%), and then, Enrique Villanueva (1.4%), San Juan (2.1%) and Siquijor
Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 years of Age

In the province, the proportion of underweight children under 5 years of age was
Figure 16. Map of Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 Years of Age By, Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 g p g g y, p y, q j ,
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(2.2%). Larena has the highest prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age at 6.7 percent. However, it is still way below the national standard of 24 percent. There is, however, no regional target.
B. CURRENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

Topping the provincial governments development agenda is the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger among the Siquijodnons.
Food Upliftment Alternatives is expected to reach out to all the 134 barangays in the province and it is hoped that after 2010, all these 134 barangays will participate in the program where the adopters will be provided with complete garden implements and tools, organic/inorganic fertilizers, and pinakbet package seeds. Aside from ensuring food in the home, the program also allows them to earn more income. Another program, the fishery development program, includes aquaculture production and freshwater/brackish water fish production. It is primarily aimed at increasing incomes for the populace.
1. Increase agricultural production

It is the governments policy to exhaust all measures to ensure that the average Siquijodnon has F-A-I-T-H, meaning Food Always In The Home as well as substantial livelihood opportunities. Hence, the government pours more funds in the agriculture sector in order that programs, projects and activities are implemented to increase agricultural production, especially on basic staples such as rice, corn, vegetables and other high value commercial crops. This is over and above the national programs implemented by the national government. Another program includes livestock and native poultry production because native poultry commands a high price in the market and said native breed is abundant in Siquijor. Vegetable production tops in all agriculture production programs. It was started in 2008 with a budget of P800,000 and an initial number of cooperators of 76 elementary and secondary schools. In 2009, the budget was increased to P1.5 million and the coverage expanded to include 4 primary schools and 90 barangays. Dubbed as OSFUA, the program Optimizing Sustainable
2. Provide skills training

Skills training programs are also being conducted by different agencies of government like Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) and other institutions in order to provide the population with important skills to engage in small business and livelihood opportunities.
3.Introduce substantial livelihood opportunities

There are also funds for livelihood/capital assistance for small-time entrepreneurs that are interest-free and collateral-free to really encourage business operation. This fund assistance had been loaned out to enterprising cooperatives. In 2009, P1.0 million was appropriated, benefiting 4 cooperatives with a total membership of 260.
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4. Develop tourism
Tourism is also giving additional income to the people. It is even considered the islands economic driver. In fact, Siquijor province has been declared as a Marine Reserve and Tourist Zone under Proclamation No. 1810.
C. CHALLENGES
As in all government programs, the challenge is in the sustainability of the programs. The attitude of the Filipinos known as ningas cogon is a threat to the sustainability of any program, whether government-initiated or privately implemented. Constant monitoring and evaluation has to be made part of the overall program. Another big challenge is the fulfillment of Goal I, which is to reduce the proportion of the people living in extreme poverty by half by 2015. The goals of achieving a 50 percent reduction in the proportion of the population experiencing food shortage and also a 50 percent reduction in the prevalence of underweight children are also big challenges to overcome. Information is power. Hence, the challenge is to provide important and correct information to the provinces constituents. The impact of global warming and climate change on agriculture must also be widely disseminated and ways to mitigate the adverse effects must be properly planned. Tourism is considered as an economic driver for the island province of Siquijor. The development activities that are currently being undertaken to increase tourist traffic and thereby increase economic activities in the province include the following: 1. Construction of a view deck tower and wellness center at the Bandilaan Mountain Resort (the highest mountain in the province).
5. Infuse funds for employment development assistance / conduct jobs fairs

Another loan facility which the provincial government also opened for Overseas Filipino Workers was the OFW Assistance Fund which had been operating since 2004. Many Siquijodnons have been helped by this program.
6.Nutrition program / supplemental feeding

The province, in coordination with the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the Department of Health (DOH), and civic organizations jointly implement the Nutrition/Feeding program.
7. Aid to individuals during crisis situations

The DSWD, in coordination with the Provincial Government, provides funds to individuals as assistance during times of crisis situations.
8. Self Employment Assistance (SEA K)

This is also a DWDs program which aims to provide the poor and disadvantaged sector of the society with timely access to credit and development opportunities.
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2. Organization of a healing festival every Holy Week season 3. Construction of a leisure and recreation spa in the barangays of Minalulan and Liloan in Maria. This is a private business development venture. 4. Development of outdoor recreation facilities like mountain treks, wall climbs, and the like. The provincial and municipal LGUs need to access funds to implement all these projects. Most importantly, there must be political will among the provinces top officials.
Food Always In The Home (FAITH)

Program FAITH is considered to be the provinces most effective way to combat poverty and hunger. Under this program is the OSF UA project. Basically, this project helped the students and their families in providing for their basic needs in the homes as well as in the school. The produced vegetables in the schools are sold by the students and the proceeds are being shared through the following scheme: 1. 40 percent for supplementary feeding 2. 25 percent for garden maintenance 3. 20 percent for the pupils share 4. 10 percent for administrative funds 5. 5 percent for the school clinic The program has helped the parents because instead of providing for their chidrens school needs, funds have been provided for them. At the barangay level, the program has clearly led to the improved income of the constituents and to the nutrition of the children.
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Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Target 2A. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
The proportion of children aged 6-12 years old enrolled in elementary education is 80.0 percent and the proportion of males against females is almost the same and the difference is actually very negligible. Even in the distribution of these children in the urban and rural areas, there is just a very slight difference. This means that education services have really reached the rural barangays.

Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old Enrolled in Elementary Education
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Province of Siquijjor Siquijor q
Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 Years Old Enrolled in High School

For the proportion of children aged 13-16 years old enrolled in high school, the provincial statistics showed that 70.1 percent of all children aged 13-16 years old are enrolled in high school. Of this figure, 66 percent are males and 74.1 percent, females. In high school, more females enroll than males. The Filipino culture is such that the males are encouraged to pursue higher education because they will be the future heads of families and breadwinners. But for this particular indicator, the proportion
of males to females aged 13-16 years old enrolled in high school is 66.0 percent versus 74.1 percent for females, indicating that more females are enrolled in high school than males. This may be explained by the fact that males in this age bracket 13-16 years old are already capable of getting jobs albeit their being menial and lowpaying jobs. As to urbanity, 71.4 percent come from the urban areas and only 69.9 percent from the rural areas. This could be explained by the fact that most high schools are in the poblacions. The difference between the actual enrollees from the urban and rural areas, however, is not very high.
Figure 17. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old in Elementary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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This is due to the fact that there are already barangay national high schools spread in the rural barangays.
Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old Enrolled in School

The proportion of children aged 6-16 years old enrolled in school is 91.0 percent, with the males proportion at 89.3 percent and the females at 92.6 percent. Overall, there are less males than females attending
school. This is because males usually look for work to help in augmenting the family income. In terms of location, 91.8 percent of children 6-16 years old in urban areas were not attending school while and 90.8 percent was recorded in the rural areas.
Literacy Rate of 15-24 Year-Olds

Simple literacy rate is measured in terms of the percentage of the population who can read, write and understand simple
Figure 18. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 Years Old in High School, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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messages in any language or dialect. The provinces literacy rate for those aged 1524 years old was high at 98.7 percent per the 2006 CBMS survey results. Municipality results revealed that the best performer was Siquijor with 99.3 percent, followed by San Juan with 99.0 percent and Enrique Villanueva with 98.9 percent. These three municipalities have rates higher than the province. The bottom three were Lazi with 98.6 percent, Larena with 98.3 percent and, Maria with 97.5 percent. Generally, the proportion literate among males is higher than among females in this age bracket.

The policies and programs currently implemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) to ensure that all children of school age are in school are: 1. Enrollment campaign during PTCA meetings and barangay assemblies. The DepEd officials during PTCA meetings and barangay assemblies explain to the parents that the government is very concerned about the education of children and that is
Figure 19. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old in School by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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why it offers free public elementary and high school education. They also explain that parents are held liable by the government if their school-aged children 6-16 years old are not in school. This is an important activity because many parents especially in the far-flung barangays do not recognize the relevance of education in the future of their children. People are not motivated to do things if they do not understand why these things have to be done. It is in line with this that teachers campaign for education. 2. Encouraging over-aged students to take PEPT examination. Some children who
have stopped schooling for sometime are ashamed to get back to school in their old age. Hence, they are being encouraged to take placement tests so they can pursue higher years in school. 3. Mapping Program (surveying schoolaged children who are continuing school and those who are school leavers). This would really help determine where these out-of-school children are so that it would be easy tracking them and encouraging them to go back to school. 4. Drop-out reduction program for secondary level. This aims to reduce drop-outs among children in the secondary level.
Figure 20. Map of Literacy Rate of the Population 15-24 Year-Olds by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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5. Project Reach - this aims to reach all children of elementary and secondary school. On the part of the provincial government, the first phase of OSFUA was implemented to give the school children additional income while attending school. The expansion of the beneficiaries to include parents in the barangays was for the intention of having additional family income plus more food on the table. Increasing the incomes of parents so that they are able to afford sending their school aged children to school is always considered a very important program thrust of government. It is the overarching policy framework and it cuts across all sectoral reforms. The Provincial LGU also implements a Special Program for the Employment of Students (SPES) wherein all school children aged 15-25 years old who belong to indigent families are attending school and are willing to enroll in the next school year can be employed during summer for 20 days per student so that they will have money for enrollment. Furthermore, another program implemented was the
Special Education (SpEd) for Impaired School-aged children.
C. CHALLENGES
The challenge would be financial on the part of the teacher implementing these advocacies because advocacy efforts really require funding. In terms of policy formulation, the Sanggunian, as records indicate, has little knowledge on education policy formulation. Entrepreneurial skills among parents of school children may have to be developed in order that they will have finances to ensure that the children are provided with their school needs. The Local School Board may have to conduct a capability program among its local policymakers. There is also a need to improve the quality of education so that the schools may produce what the industries need. This refers to the job-matching aspect. Improvement of school facilities and provision of simple school amenities and school supplies to indigent school children is also necessary. Increase of teachers salaries may also be advocated.
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Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality

Target 3A. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015
Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education
In the entire province, the ratio of girls to boys in primary education is 0.94. This means that there are less girls in the primary education than boys. In fact, on the average, there were about 94 girls for every 100 boys who are enrolled in primary education. As can be seen in the results, five of the six municipalities had records showing that there were less girls than boys in primary education as evidenced by the proportions which were less than one (1) in the municipalities of Enrique Villanueva (0.97), Larena (0.94), Siquijor (0.93), Lazi (0.90) and Maria (0.90). Only the municipality of San Juan had a ratio of 1.05 which indicated that there were more girls in primary education than boys.
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Province of Siquijor Province of Siquijor
also showed that the ratio in the urban areas (0.98) is slightly lower than in the rural areas (1.03). This means that while there were less girls enrolled in secondary education in the urban areas, more girls we enrolled in the rural areas.
Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education

In the province, the ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education is 1.05 which means that there were more girls in tertiary education than boys. Meanwhile, the ratio of girls to boys in urban and rural areas were 1.02 and 1.06, respectively, which also indicates a higher number of girls in tertiary education both in urban and in rural areas. Among all municipalities, Enrique Villanueva has the lowest ratio of girls to boys (i.e., 0.75) which also indicates that there were less girls than boys in tertiary education in this municipality. Urban areas had a ratio of 0.65 while rural areas had a ratio of 0.77. There were less girls than boys in tertiary education in both urban and rural areas in this municipality with urban areas recording a lower ratio (i.e., 0.65) as compared to rural areas (i.e., 0.77) .
Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education

Provincial results indicated that the ratio of girls to boys in secondary education was 1.03 which means that there were more girls than boys in secondary education. Results
Figure 21. Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Figure 22. Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
The municipality with the biggest ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education was Maria (1.33). It may also be important to note that the ratios in the urban and rural areas are also highest which indicate that girls are more bent in pursuing tertiary education. This observation could be due to the fact that the boys stop school as early as upon completion of secondary education and go out to find work in order to help get income for their familys needs. In addition, one of the reasons why there are more girls in tertiary education could also be attributed to the fact that even married women are now able to get back to school with the presence of a State College in Siquijor.
Figure 23. Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15-24 years old)

At the provincial level, the ratio of literate females to males was 0.90 which indicates that there are less literate females than males. However, if disaggregated by urbanity, the ratio was 1.05 in urban areas and 0.88 in rural areas. This showed that in urban areas, more female literates are seen than male literates while the opposite is true in the rural areas. This may be explained by the fact that most women in the urban areas are more eager to learn and earn a degree because of what they see and hear in their community and in the radio and television which is not necessarily true for most women in the rural areas who are content with family and are more held by strong family ties. The ratios of literate females to males in the five municipalities of Enrique Villanueva, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor are less than 1. It is only in Larena where the ratio is greater than 1 (i.e., 1.03). These results give an indication that there were less literate females than males in Enrique Villanueva, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor while, more literate females were recorded in Larena.
Proportion of Elective Seats held by Women in Municipalities and Province

The proportion of seats held by women in the province was 27.0 percent. Among all the municipalities, Maria had the biggest proportion of seats being held by women at 35.4 percent, followed by Larena with 33.5 percent and Enrique Villanueva (32.1). The proportion is smallest in Lazi at 21.7 percent. In the province of Siquijor, political affairs are being controlled mostly by men.
Figure 24. Map of Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15-24 Years Old), by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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C. CHALLENGES
1. Functionalize Gender and Development (GAD) Focal Point. The biggest challenge is to activate and functionalize the GAD Focal Point. 2. Formulation of GAD Plan/Code. The province has yet to formulate by law the GAD Plan and Code but it believes that all the development projects that it has implemented under the 20 percent Development Fund and even from the General Fund are GAD-related projects. 3. Allocating 5 percent of the annual budget for GAD. While the province recognizes the need to allocate the 5 percent GADmandated budget from its annual provincial budget, it also realizes that said amount will eat up much of its yearly budget. 4. Mainstreaming GAD into the PDPFP. The challenge therefore is on how to really institutionalize the GAD into the mainstream of development.

The Provincial Government encouraged the organization of women groups especially those that advocate for equal access of women and men in the workplace, and equal opportunities to participate and get involved in political governance. In particular, more women are being encouraged to join Local Special Bodies. Women are taught and empowered to assert their rights and fight for their dignity. Information and advocacy efforts are being encouraged to protect womens and childrens rights.
Figure 25. Proportion of Elective Seats held by Women in Municipalities and Province
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Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Target 4A. Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
eas, 0.4 percent of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old died while there were no reported death cases among this group of children in the in the urban areas. As to municipal performance, the proportion of childrens deaths aged 0 to less than 5 years old was highest in Maria at 0.7 percent while Lazi had no reported cases of death among children of the same age group. The proportion of male deaths was highest in San Juan (0.7%), while the highest proportion of female deaths was recorded in Maria (0.9%).
A. Status And Trends

Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died
The proportion of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old who died to the total number of children in this age bracket was 0.4 percent. The proportion was 0.3 percent among males and 0.4 percent among females. In rural ar-
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Proportion of Infants Who Died

The proportion of infant deaths to the total number of infants in the province was 1.5 percent. About 1.4 percent of male infants died while 1.6 percent of female infants died during the reference period. Among all the municipalities, Maria had the highest proportion of infant deaths at 3.4 percent, followed by Larena (2.2%), San Juan (2.2%) and Siquijor (0.7%). No infant deaths were reported in Enrique Villanueva and Lazi.
Figure 26. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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The highest incidence of male infant deaths was recorded in San Juan (3.4%) while the highest incidence of female infant deaths was in Maria (3.7%). No infant deaths were recorded in urban areas. All cases of infant deaths occurred in the rural areas, with Maria getting the highest proportion at 4.0 percent.
Proportion of Children Aged 1 to Less Than 5 Years Who Died

Table 37 shows that the proportion of children aged 1 to less than 5 years old who died to the total number of children aged 1 to less than 5 years old was 0.1 percent. Deaths among children in this age
Figure 27. Map of Proportion of Infants Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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group were recorded only in the rural areas. Among all the municipalities, the proportion was highest in San Juan (0.3%) while no deaths were recorded among children aged 1 to less than 5 years old in Lazi.
Figure 28. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 1 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
Although the proportion of maternal deaths in the province was low, problems still exist. Poor health-seeking behavior, and certain beliefs and practices of pregnant clients have caused such problems. Most of the birth deliveries, for one, still take place at home despite massive campaigns to have facility- based child deliveries. This was primarily due to the lack of accredited birthing facilities in the municipalities in the whole island. Other considerations would be financial which force mothers to deliver at home. Some traditions or rituals that were being practiced by the mothers and their families also prevented them from delivering in the hospital. Inspite of a memorandum circular from the DOH regulating the functions of hilots, they still continue to assist in child deliveries registering about 1 percent of deliveries in 2007. Trained hilots

Proportion of Women Deaths Due to PregnancyRelated Causes
The number of women deaths due to pregnancy-related causes in the province was 3. In proportion to the total number of pregnant women provincewide, it was 0.3 percent. Furthermore, the proportion of women deaths due to pregnancy-related causes was 0.9 percent in the urban areas and 0.2 percent in the rural areas. Women deaths due to pregnancy-related causes were recorded only in the municipalities of Larena (2) and Maria (1).
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attended to 3 percent of the deliveries while 12 percent were attended to by doctors. A great portion (i.e., about 87%) of the deliveries, were performed by midwives at home. Most of the infant deaths were due to prenatal complications. It is important to note that: (1) there is no BEmONC facility in the province; (2) Siquijor Provincial Hospital has yet to be accredited as a CEmONC facility, though it has the capability to perform caesarian section; (3) there is no MPC-accredited RHUs; (4) there are no birthing facilities at the BHS; and (5) private sector collaboration has not been established. Thus, in 2009, the province was
working at securing funds for the upgrading and construction of identified health facilities, hiring of personnel and procurement of equipment, devices, medicines, supplies, among others. In 2008, the low quality of prenatal care and post partum care were mainly due to the low supply of Vitamin A and ferrous sulfate with folic acid for pregnant mothers. Moreover, low utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services is also due to the lack of or having the wrong information. The risks and benefits associated with antenatal care need to be effectively explained to mothers
Figure 29. Map of Proportion of Women Deaths Due to Pregnancy- Related Causes, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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such that it will encourage them to prioritize ANC visits. With the adoption of the Provincewide Integrated Plan for Health for Siquijor in 2009, it is hoped that the provinces infrastructures, especially for health, will be funded and implemented.
ternity Care Package especially in the rural health centers. 6. Provision of quality micronutrient supplements and supplies in the rural health centers for pregnant mothers.
C. CHALLENGES
1. The primary challenge is to have adequate/sufficient funds in order to implement programs that would address the concerns relating to women deaths related to pregnancy. The need to improve access to and utilization of critical maternal health, family planning and other health care services through behavior change interventions and enhancement of health systems deemed necessary in improving maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition requires massive information and education campaign. 2. The health workers also need to be equally capacitated and become knowledgeable advocates. They need extensive training. 3. Upgrading of the 6 Rural Health Units for Maternity Care Package (MPC). 4. Upgrading of Lazi Medicare Community Hospital as Basic Emergency Obstetrical Neonatal Care (BEMONC) facility and the Siquijor Provincial Hospital as Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrical Care (CEMONC) facility. 5. Securing of funds for the expansion of the National Health Insurance System for all indigent families.

The Provincial Government, through the Integrated Provincial Health Office (IPHO), is undertaking the following programs: 1. Family Planning as part of the continuum of Maternal Newborn Child Health Care & Nutrition (MNCHN). The benefits that family planning offer to the adopters of this method cannot be over emphasized. With proper child phasing, health risks of mothers could be minimized and deaths prevented. 2. Full implementation of facility-based delivery to all pregnant mothers. As of the present, only the municipality of Larena has that facility and caters only to the pregnant women in the municipality. 3. Continuing advocacy to mothers to complete their prenatal and post-natal care. 4. Capability building of health personnel on the different aspects of safe motherhood and family planning. 5. Upgrading of health facilities for Ma-
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Goal 6: Combat HIV/ AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

urban areas was about 10 per 100,000 population which is lower as compared to the rate in rural areas (i.e., 14 per 100,000 population).At the municipality level, most of the deaths related to tuberculosis were recorded in the rural areas. The highest death rate among rural areas was recorded in Siquijor (52 per 100,000 population). Considering all households in both urban and rural areas, the municipality of Siquijor still registered the highest proportion of tuberculosis-associated deaths at 49 per 100,000 population, while Lazi has the lowest at about 6 per 100,000 population.
Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis
The province recorded 22 deaths associated with tuberculosis. This translates to about 27 deaths per 100,000 population. Deaths associated with tuberculosis in the
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1. Full implementation of the quality assurance system for operation microscopy. 2. Creation of the TB Diagnostic Committee. 3. Strict observance of the National Tuberculosis Program Treatment Protocol. 4. Accreditation of all rural health units as TB-Directly Observed Treatment Services (TB-DOTS) 5. Advocacy and Information, Education and Communication (IEC) programs 6. Indigency Program of the National Health Insurance Program
C. CHALLENGES
1. The need to establish a Tuberculosis Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (TBDOTS) room and a Tuberculosis Microscopy Laboratory 2. Training of newly hired health personnel to capacitate them in the detection of tuberculosis cases. 3. The importance of correct information on the TB Program.
Figure 30. Map of Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources
are covered with forest. Disaggregation by municipality is presented in Table 46. The municipality of Maria (7.5%) had the largest forest covers among all municipalities in the province, followed by Larena (3.9%). This may be due to the fact that Maria and Larena have private tree farm operators in their respective municipalities. In Larena, the LGU also operates its own tree farm under the management of the Municipal Agricultural Office.

Proportion of Land with Forest Cover
The province of Siquijor has a total land area of 31,812.985 hectares. Of this, 1,160.442 hectares or 3.7 percent
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who had access to safe drinking water at 99.6 percent. The capital town of Siquijor placed second at 97.8 percent, followed by Lazi which had a proportion of 95.9 percent. These three municipalities registered higher proportions than the province.
Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water

About 95.3 percent of households in the province had access to safe drinking water. Meanwhile, the proportion of the population with access to safe drinking water to the total provincial population was 95.1 percent. About 95.0 percent and 95.2 percent of the male and female population, respectively had access to safe drinking water. In terms of urbanity, the figure was higher in urban areas (96.6%) than in rural areas (95.1%). This means that there were more people in the urban areas than in the rural areas who had access to safe drinking water. For the individual municipal performances, the data show that Enrique Villanueva had the highest proportion of households
Enrique Villanueva operates its own water system. It was also a recipient of the KALAHI-CIDSS project which implemented projects such as the construction of water facilities. Siquijor and Lazi are under the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) Metro Siquijor Water District but only in barangays near the poblacion area. On the other hand, the 3 municipalities of Maria (94.3%), Larena (94.1%) and San Juan (90.3%) had proportions lower than the provincial figure of 95.3 percent. Maria and San Juan are also under the LWUA while Larena operates its own water system as an economic enterprise. At present, Larena is improving its water system through a loan facility with the Land Bank of the Philippines so that it can service its consumers better.
Figure 31. Proportion of Land with Forest Cover, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2010
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Source: DENR Siquijor Provincial Office
Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility

A total of 16,243 households in the province or 84.2 percent have access to sanitary toilet facility. The proportion of households with access to sanitary toilets in the urban areas was 92.8 percent while the proportion in the rural areas was 83.0 percent. This is an
indication that there were more households with access to sanitary toilets in the urban areas than in the rural places. The municipality with the highest percentage of population with access to sanitary toilet facility was Larena (93.5%), while the municipality with the lowest access was Lazi (73.5%)
Figure 32. Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Proportion of Households/Population who are Informal Settlers

The proportion of households and population who are informal settlers in the province was 1.3 percent or a total of 253 households with 1,095 population. The proportion of households in the urban and rural areas who are informal settlers were both 1.3 percent.
Among the municipalities, San Juan had the highest percentage of informal settlers at 2.3 percent while Siquijor had the lowest at 0.6 percent. One of the reasons why San Juan had the highest number of informal settlers is that this area is a fishing ground and most of the fishermen from nearby Mindanao come to San Juan to settle there temporarily.
Figure 33. Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Proportion of Households/Population Who Live in Makeshift Housing

In the province, the proportion of households who live in makeshift housing was 3.9 percent or 749 households.
In terms of the population, the proportion was 3.4 percent. While only 2.4 percent of the households in the urban areas were living in makeshift housing, about 4.1 percent was recorded for rural households.
Figure 34. Proportion of Households/Population who are Informal Settlers
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Proportion of Households/Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions

The proportion of households in the province who live in inadequate housing conditions was 22.9 percent or 4,415 households,
which are mostly found in the rural areas as shown in Table 31. The highest proportion was in Lazi (31.1%), followed by San Juan (30.2%), Maria (25.3%), Siquijor (17.3%), Larena (15.1%) and Enrique Villanueva
Figure 35. Map of Proportion of Population who are Living in Makeshift Housing, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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(12.2%). These households were mostly in the rural areas. Those who live in the rural areas are mostly farmers and fisherfolks who do not have enough income to build decent homes and who do not have much access to basic necessity.
B. Current Policies and Programs

The Sangguniang Panlalawigan had passed and adopted the Siquijor Environmental Code of 2008 which provided,
among others, the implementation of reforestation programs and projects to ensure that there are continued planting activities, especially in the watershed and denuded areas. Forest protection activities are also undertaken so that illegal cutting of trees, and slash-and-burn activities are prevented. To address global warming and climate change, a project Tree Nursery in Every Barangay was launched to provide a
Figure 36. Map of Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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steady supply of planting materials. This would increase the forest cover and more importantly, the water supply. The provincial government vigorously implements projects with focus on the improvement and development of the water systems. Funds come from the 20 percent Development Fund and from the PDAF of the provinces congressman. At least 15 percent of the 20 percent Development Fund is allocated every year for the repair/rehabilitation/expansion of water supply coverage. Most projects implemented are on construction of water tanks, installation of submersible pumps, provision of polyethylene pipes for assistance to household connections, and installation of shallow tube wells and artesian wells. To address the problem of access to sanitary toilet facility, the province also allocated funds for the procurement of toilet bowls, including materials to ensure that the toilet bowls are installed. The beneficiaries are the indigent families identified by the So-
cial Welfare and Development Office.4.The province benefits from the Integrated Coastal Resource Management Program of the Government which addresses both the conservation and preservation aspects of coastal resources, and the livelihood and enterprise development component for the improvement of the conditions of the population living in the coastal areas.
C. CHALLENGES
The province is faced with the challenges of tapping the available water resources in the island and of coming up with a viable island water system that would be able to provide sufficient water to all residents. With the water problem solved, the other problems related to it like sanitation will likewise be eventually solved. However, there are not enough experts in the province who could make a project design for an island water development system. Moreover, the province does not have the funds to hire a consultant for this.
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Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Target 8. F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
percent or 719 households. Larena (17.2%) had the highest proportion of households with land lines while the municipalities of Enrique Villanueva and Maria had no landline connections.

Proportion of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines
Based in the record of telephone companies operating in Siquijor (including TMSI/ PLDT, Globe, and Smart Communication.), the proportion of households in the province with land lines/telephone lines was 4.1
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Figure 37. Map of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines, by Municipality, Province of Siquijor, 2006
Proportion of Households with Cellphones

The proportion of households with cellphones in the province was 68.8 percent representing 11,945 households. The municipality with the highest proportion is Siquijor (81.0%), followed by Larena (72.0%). At the bottom is Enrique Villanueva with an estimate of only 50.0 percent.
Figure 38. Map of Proportion of Households with Cellphones, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Proportion of Households with Computers

The proportion of households with computers is 6.0 percent which is equivalent to 1,042 households. Larena had the highest proportion of households with computers at 10.4 percent or 250 households. Again, the lowest proportion is recorded in Enrique Villanueva with 2.1 percent or 25 households.
Figure 39. Map of Proportion of Households with Computers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006
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Part 3. Meeting the 2015 Challenge
Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger is an enormous task which every administration or government faces. More than anything, the problem of poverty and hunger is a primary concern that needs to be immediately looked into. This is very much reflected in the provinces priorities, especially in the Economic Development Aspects of its development agenda. Economic Development Sector posted the highest share in terms of budget requirements. The present provincial administration realizes this truth. The Government therefore needs to capacitate and provide capability interventions to the poor segments of society to enable them to rise above their present extremely poor conditions and be able to live decent lives. The programs, projects and activities identified and prioritized are mostly those that directly provide capabilities and skills to create livelihood opportunities and allow the people to earn incomes. The rest of the MDGs are achievable once the poor get extra income. Henceforth, the issues on education health, malnutrition,
and maternal care problems may be properly addressed. On primary education, the programs and projects are mainly on the repair/rehabilitation of school buildings and classrooms. The province has enough school buildings and classrooms as well as teachers until 2015. The provinces classroom-pupil ratio is 1:22 while its teacherpupil ratio is 1:21. Gender equality issues are best addressed through massive advocacy. With regard to the issue of women having seats in political positions, the province sees to it that women are given equal opportunities but eventually, of course, the will of the electorate will prevail. Child mortality is actually low in the province. With massive efforts to convert the 6 RHUs as BeMONC facilities, and strong implementation of child care programs, child mortality will definitely decrease over the years until hopefully, the mortality rate becomes zero in 2015. The same is true with maternal deaths. Implementation of maternal health care package will fast-track the reduction of maternal deaths.
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A. Priority Program and Policy Responses
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B. Financing the MDGs
C.Monitoring Progress Toward the Attainment of the MDGs

By way of monitoring the progress of the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the province will conduct in early 2011 the second round of the CBMS Survey. The provincial government would have wanted to do the second round this year (2010) but funds have already been fully appropriated for several other programs and projects, necessitating the postponement of the second round. As in the first round, the municipalities and barangays will be requested to put
up at least some counterpart funds and human resource counterparts. At the same time, the MDG Provincial Team will endorse a proposal to the Provincial Development Council to approve the conduct of a CBMS survey every 3 years even after 2015. The MDG Team will also endorse to the Local Development Council (LDC) the adoption of the CBMS survey results as the benchmark data for the province and that they be considered the basis for the identification of projects to be implemented in their respective barangays and municipalities.
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Part 4. Conclusion and Recommendations
The 2006 CBMS Survey proved to be a good and more accurate source of information on the state of the living conditions of the people of Siquijor considering that it covers all households in the province. The results could be the basis for prioritizing interventions that would help them achieve their MDG targets. For instance, results showed that more than half of the population in Siquijor lived below the poverty threshold which confirms that there are still many poor residents in the province. Most of them also did not have enough income to meet their basic food needs. Furthermore, the unemployment rate in the province is relatively high (18.0%). Given these, government should implement programs that would address poverty, unemployment and hunger that would lead to the attainment of the MDG targets of eradicating extreme poverty. Interventions that would address problems on education and inadequacy of living conditions should also be implemented. During program implementation, corruption should also be eradicated so that all things will take their proper places. The major recommendation for the Provincial Government is to prioritize, through the
Provincial Development Council, the funding of the MDG Funding Requirements so that the province can implement all the suggested programs and policies that would translate the MDG targets into realities. The following are some specific recommendations based on the results discussed in this report: 1. Exercise of strong political will of the Executive and Legislative. This is particularly in terms of implementing policies that would facilitate the achievement of the MDGS targets. Priorities should be given on sectors which need the interventions based on the available data. 2. Enact policies and ordinances in the LGU that would eliminate corruption. This is very important to ensure that the funds will be judiciously utilized to implement comprehensive basic health care services, undertake viable and profitable livelihood projects. For instance, there should be improvements in the procurement system within the LGUs. 3. Implement agriculture development programs that can be sustained. Given the fact that Siquijor is still predominantly agriculture-based, with 52.0 percent of its land
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devoted to agriculture production (e.g., corn and rice production, coconut production), agricultural development should be given attention. Although there have been several projects in the past which addressed agricultural development, a common problem is the lack of equity among LGUs in order to sustain the projects. Hence, this should be considered in designing any agricultural development project. 4. Improve revenue generation and collection strategies. One of the things that should be done is updating of the Tax Maps, which will reflect the updated valuation of properties which hopes to increase revenue collection. Better collection strategies should also be implemented. 5. Improve access to education. It is generally recognized that educational status is directly related to poverty. Hence, addressing the problems on access to education could help improve the living conditions of the population in the long-run. The reasons for non-enrollment of children should be explored further and the root cause of the problem should be addressed.
6. Create jobs and improve opportunities for employment. This can be done through the conduct of livelihood trainings (e.g., making souvenirs) and seminars (e.g., for tour guides). 7. Improve capabilities and knowledge. This would include trainings that improve computer literacy. 8. Encourage women participation in governance. Aside from participation in elections, women shall be encouraged to become members of the different councils and committees in the province. This shall start by organizing a womens organization in the province which advocates equal opportunities for men and women. Members of the organization could be part of consultative meetings and may even be elected as members of the local councils and committees. 9. Conduct a second round of CBMS survey in the province. The conduct of another round of CBMS survey in the province will help assess the impact of government interventions. The data collected will also allow the province to monitor its progress in attaining the MDG goals.
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EXPLANATORY TEXT
A. Preparation of Provincial Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report Using CBMS Data
1. Background and Justification
The availability of good statistics and the capacity of governments, donors and international organizations to systematically measure, monitor and report on progress in all social and economic spheres are at the heart of development policy and the achievement of the MDGs. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2007
or program execution. Unfortunately, however, national statistical systems have yet to respond adequately to the demand for micro-level statistics that can aid LGUs in their poverty alleviation efforts, as noted in a joint World Bank and Asian Development Bank report, to wit: the most comprehensive and consistent comparative subnational data (are) is at the regional level although this is simply an administrative level of government that has no responsibilities for delivery of social services. More data (are) is gradually becoming available at the provincial level, but not at lower levels which are at the frontline of efforts to reduce poverty . In response, the Philippine Government has embarked on an initiative to localize the MDGs using the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS). In 2005, the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) issued Resolution No. 6 recognizing and enjoining support to the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level that will generate statistics for monitoring and evaluation of
While progress toward the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is systematically being measured, monitored and reported at the national level, clearly, there must be a parallel effort at the local level to bring the MDGs into the mainstream of the local development agenda. This is especially called for under decentralized regimes where local government units (LGUs) are at the forefront of policy
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development plans, including the progress of the local governments in attaining the Millennium Development Goals. Meanwhile, several approaches are being carried out by the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) in capacitating LGUs to contribute to the attainment of the MDGs and uplifting the quality of life of their constituents. These interventions are particularly stated in DILG Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 2004-152 Guide to Local Government Units in the Localization of the MDGs dated November 2004, which provides for the: (a) menu of Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) per MDG goal and target to guide LGUs in responding to the MDGs; (b) diagnosis of the local situation using existing local indicators and monitoring system; and (c) call for documentation and replication of good practices. The CBMS that is being implemented in the Philippines is indeed well-positioned to track progress toward the attainment of the MDGs at the local level. For one, a number of indicators being monitored in the CBMS are included in the indicators for monitoring the progress in achieving the MDGs. Moreover, CBMS is intended to be done on a regular basis and can therefore be used for updating MDG indicators and facilitating preparation of regular MDG reports. The CBMS can also be used as basis by national and local governments for costing and identifying appropriate interventions needed to achieve the MDGs as well as for resource allocation. Finally, given the large spatial disparities, the CBMS can help identify where focus has to be given to achieve the targets.
The CBMS role in localizing the MDGs was recognized during an Experts Group Meeting on Localizing the MDGs held on November 28, 2006 at the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP) in Bangkok, Thailand. The Committee on Poverty Reduction composed of 24 nation-states agreed that the CBMS could complement the official data collection activities of national statistical offices and improve the availability of the MDG and other indicators at the local level. It also agreed that localizing the MDGs through CBMS would help integrate the goals into the national development strategies. It therefore urged other developing countries to initiate and implement similar innovative systems that would help localize the MDGs. As of May 12, 2010, CBMS is being implemented in 59 provinces (32 of which are province-wide), 687 municipalities and 43 cities in the Philippines, covering 17,848 barangays all over the country (see Figure 40). A good number of these LGUs have already consolidated their CBMS databases and are wellpositioned to generate their own local MDG Reports. For one thing, CBMS collects information that reflects the multifaceted nature of poverty. In addition, data generated by the CBMS can be broken down by municipal, barangay, purok and even down to the household level, thereby presenting meaningful information and enabling deeper analysis of the poverty situation. Moreover, the CBMS can generate color-coded maps showing the poverty status at each geopolitical level.
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Figure 40. CBMS Coverage in the Philippines (as of May 12, 2010)
2. Objectives
This technical collaboration aims to capacitate nine provincial governments to systematically measure, monitor and report their status with respect to the MDGs. The operative word here is status since the provinces used their first round of CBMS data in formulating this report. These provinces include Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Biliran, Camarines Norte, Eastern Samar, Marinduque, Romblon, Sarangani and Siquijor. The abovementioned provinces were selected since they were among the first LGUs that were able to consolidate their CBMS databases at the provincial level. The CBMS Census was conducted in these provinces between 2005 and 2007 (for detailed information on census years, see Table 56). In particular, the technical collaboration was carried out to meet the following objectives:
(i) to track the status on the attainment of the MDGs in the identified provinces; (ii) to assist these provinces in preparing their Provincial MDG Reports; and (iii) to increase local awareness on how these reports can bridge local and national development strategies.
3. Expected Technical Collaboration Outputs

The project is expected to produce the following outputs: (i) mentored technical staff of the nine CBMS-partner provinces on how to prepare Provincial MDG Reports, and (ii) Provincial MDG Reports of the nine provinces.
4. Capacity-Building
The capacity-building of the Provincial MDG Teams consists of three workshops and one-on-one mentoring process.
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Processing of CBMS Data to Generate MDG Indicators. This 2-day activity was designed to provide participants with: (i) a deeper appreciation of the importance of the CBMS in benchmarking/tracking local progress toward the attainment of the MDGs; (ii) a satisfactory level of knowledge in processing CBMS data to facilitate analyses of accomplishments versus targets; (iii) some basic skills on how to incorporate MDG targets in local development plans and facilitate corresponding increase in budget allocation for MDG-responsive PPAs; and (iv) tools and methodologies in formulating MDG reports. Preparation of Provincial MDG Reports Using CBMS Data. This 2-day activity was designed to build on the gains of the first workshop by providing technical assistance to the Project Teams in (i) processing CBMS data to generate the additional MDG indicators and consolidating their data at the provincial level, (ii) benchmarking/tracking their progress toward the attainment of the MDGs , (iii) reviewing partial provincial reports based on the indicators generated using the first workshop, and (iv) finalizing list of indicators to be included in the report. Presentation and Critiquing of Provincial MDG Reports. This 3-day activity was designed to finalize the Provincial MDG Reports and at the same time provide an opportunity for an exchange of views and possible harmonization of approaches as well as for the provision of consistent guidance to all the Provincial MDG Teams. The expected output from this workshop was the complete manuscript of the MDG Report which already incorporates the comments/
inputs of the assigned mentor and resource persons who were invited to share their expertise during the workshop. Mentor/Mentee Relationship. In order to ensure a sustained and focused mentoring program, a mentor from the Research Team of the CBMS Network was matched to one Provincial MDG Team. The assigned mentor was expected to set a specific time each week to interact with his/her Provincial MDG Team and discuss the following: (1) review progress in drafting the Provincial MDG Report, (2) set/identify targets for the coming weeks, and (3) draw up an action plan to achieve those targets. In addition, the mentor was expected to assist his/her assigned MDG Team in identifying and solving problem areas. Meanwhile, Dr. Celia M. Reyes, Anne Bernadette E. Mandap and Marsmath A. Baris, Jr. reviewed all partial and final reports. The technical staff of the NEDA Social Development Staff headed by Director Erlinda Capones also reviewed and provided valuable comments on the reports.
B. CBMS-MDG Indicators
Unless otherwise indicated, all the statistical tables, graphs, charts and poverty maps presented in this report were generated using the CBMS methodology. The MDG Indicators, which were estimated using CBMS data, are presented in Table 55.
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Box 1. Community-Based Monitoring System

The CBMS is an organized way of collecting data at the local level to be used by local governments, national government agencies, nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and civil society for planning, budgeting, and implementing local development programs as well as for monitoring and evaluating their performance. It is a tool for improved local governance and democratic decision-making that promotes greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation.
It involves the following steps: Step 1 Advocacy/organization Step 2 Data collection and field editing Step 3 Data encoding and map digitization Step 4 Data consolidation, databasebuilding & poverty mapping Step 5 Data validation and community consultation Step 6 Knowledge (database) management Step 7 Plan formulation Step 8 Dissemination, implementation, and monitoring
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Table 55. The CBMS-MDG Indicators and their Definition
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Table 55. (Continued)
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Table 55. (Continued)
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C. Poverty and Food Thresholds

Official poverty thresholds computed by the NSCB were used and, in some cases, updated to the reference period for the CBMS data by inflating these thresholds using the appropriate Consumer Price Index (CPI). The poverty and food thresholds used for each province are presented in Table 56.
E. Survey Operations
All survey operations were undertaken under the supervision of the CBMS Technical Working Groups (TWGs) at the Provincial and Municipal Levels. They identified the local personnel who were trained as enumerators and field supervisors. Technical assistance was provided by the PEP-CBMS Network Coordinating Team, the Bureau of Local Government Development (BLGD) and Regional Office IV-B of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Regional Office IV-B and the Institute for Democratic Participation in Governance (IDPG). Training was mainly conducted at two levels. The rst level training (Training of Trainors) is conducted for members of the TWGs. This is usually conducted by members of the research staff of the CBMS Network and CBMS accred-
D. Authority for the CBMS Census

The NSCB has issued Resolution No. 6 (2005) which recognizes and enjoins support to the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level. It also directs the NSCB Technical Staff to initiate and coordinate an advocacy program for the adoption of the CBMS by the LGUs, through the Regional Statistical Coordination Committees (RSCCs), the technical arm of the NSCB Executive Board in the regions. The NSCB has also approved the CBMS Survey Instruments through NSCB Approval No. DILG-0903-01.
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ited trainors from the DILG, NAPC and NEDA. Meanwhile, a second level training (Training of Enumerators) is conducted for enumerators who are usually composed of barangay health workers and students. The members of the TWG acted as trainors in this training.
and poverty maps were processed using Stata, a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp. These softwares were provided for free to the 10 provinces which formulated their reports under this project.
F. Data Processing System

The data processing software used under this project includes the CBMS Data Encoding System, the CBMS-Natural Resources Database and Stata. The CBMS encoding system uses CSPro (Census and Survey Processing), a software developed by the United States Bureau of Census for entering, editing, tabulating, and disseminating data from censuses and surveys. The CSPro-based (Census and Survey Processing) Encoding System converts survey data into electronic data. It produces text files (ASCII) described by data dictionaries, which adds flexibility to the output data. This feature facilitates the interface between the CBMS data and other database systems and statistical softwares. The CBMS Mapping system employs the Natural Resources Database (NRDB) for CBMS-based poverty mapping and for storing and displaying household- and individual- level information, The CBMS-NRDB is capable of creating and storing spatial (shapeles) and non-spatial (texts and numbers) data as well as generating maps, reports and graphs ideal for presentation and analysis of poverty attributes in the community. This has signicantly addressed the need for a simple yet powerful and free geographically-oriented database. Meanwhile, the CBMS data presented in this report through tables, graphs, charts
G. CBMS Poverty Maps

The poverty map for each indicator shows the provincial map disaggregated by municipality. A simple color scheme is used (green, light green, pink and red) to represent the four ranges of data for each indicator. Each indicator, however, used a different range relative to the provincial data.
H. Limitations of the Data

While observations are taken from the entire population, the user of the data presented in this report should bear in mind that the municipalities in two provinces (Eastern Samar and Biliran) were not able to collect their data over the same period. For instance, CBMS was piloted in a number of municipalities in Eastern Samar and Biliran in 2005 and was implemented provincewide in 2006. Moreover, due to some difculties, the CBMS census could not be carried out in 1 barangay in Romblon, and 2 barangays each in Camarines Norte and Eastern Samar. Moreover, data from a number of barangays in Sarangani are still not available. Estimates on poverty and subsistence incidence may also be affected by under- and/or over-reporting of income or reluctance on the part of the respondents to reveal their true levels of income. As in other surveys, the CBMS enumerators may also have encountered interview non-response and item non-response.
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Available in this series:

NATIONAL REPORT
Philippines Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals 2010

PROVINCIAL REPORTS
Status ReportofonAgusan del NorteDevelopment Goals Using CBMS Data the Millennium Province Status ReportofonAgusan del Sur Development Goals Using CBMS Data the Millennium Province Status ReportofonBiliranMillennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data the Province Status ReportofonCamarines Norte Development Goals Using CBMS Data the Millennium Province Status ReportofonEastern Samar Development Goals Using CBMS Data the Millennium Province Status ReportofonMarinduque Development Goals Using CBMS Data the Millennium Province Status Report onRomblon the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Status ReportofonSiquijor the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province Status ReportofonSarangani Development Goals Using CBMS Data the Millennium Province

MDG Provincial Report 2010 Siquijor

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Province of SIQUIJOR

The Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator

Dr Dr. Jacqueline Badcock

Republic of the Philippines PROVINCE OF SIQUIJOR OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

ORLANDO A. FUA, JR.

Messages UN Resident Coordinator Dr. Jacqueline Badcock ............................... 4

Executive Summary ...................................................................................... 16 Part 1. Provincial Profile

Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Part 3. Meeting the 2015 Challenge

Part 4. Conclusion and Recommendations ........................................ 86 Explanatory Text ................................................................................... 88

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Table 1. Summary of MDG Indicators, Province of Siquijor, 2006

Source: CBMS Survey 2006

Part 1. Provincial Profile

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Figure 2. Provincial Map of Siquijor

3. Population and Social Environment

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

3.3 Social Environment

Table 7: Total Enrolment of Public Elementary School Central Visayas

as well as in other provinces in Central Visayas.

3.3.3 Enrolment Participation Rate

Table 8: Total Enrolment of Public Secondary School Central Visayas

3.3.4 Teacher-Pupil Ratio

3.3.5 Classroom-Pupil Ratio

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

3.3.6 Colleges and Other Institutions of Higher Learning

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Figure 6. Ports in Siquijor Larena Port Cang-Alwang Airport

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Figure 7. Road Map of Siquijor

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Source: Province of Siquijor Electric Cooperative (PROSIELCO)

Figure 8. Electricity and Household Connections

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Figure 9. Electrical Connections by Type of Users, by Municipality

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

6. Local Institutional Capabilities

Figure 10. Percent of Households Served per Municipality, by Level

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

6.3 Fiscal Management Capability

6.2 Technical Capability of the Local Planning and Development Council

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

A. STATUS AND TRENDS

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data

Province of Siquijor Province of Siquijor

Proportion of Population Living Below Food Threshold

Figure 13. Map of Poverty Gap Ratio, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

Figure 14. Map on Employment Rate, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 years of Age

B. CURRENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

1. Increase agricultural production

2. Provide skills training

3.Introduce substantial livelihood opportunities

5. Infuse funds for employment development assistance / conduct jobs fairs

6.Nutrition program / supplemental feeding