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52 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

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t&nftaoG; rysufap&[k nTef;qkdxm;onf/

54 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCTS

Viewsonic PJ 258D viewdock

iPod video rSwpfqifh MuD;rm;aom jrifuGif;MuD;toGif

zefqif;ay;Ekdifrnfh projector trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ iPod
udk txkdifay:wGif wifxm;jyD; toHk;cs&aom yHkpHjzpfjcif;
aMumifh viewdock [k trnfac:wGifaponf/ iPod ESifh
wGJzuftoHk;jyK&ef &nf&G,f xkwfvkyfxm;ojzifh iPod ESifh
vdkufzufnDapaom pwkdifusus 'DZdkif;rsKd; zefqif;xm;
&Sdonf/ zuf&Sifwpfcktaejzifh oabmxm; toHk;jyKEkdif
aom ud&d,m[kvnf; rSwf,lEkdifygvdrfhrnf/ av;axmifh
pyfpyf yHkpHr[kwfaom av,mOftawmifyHukd,fxnfyHkpHrsKd;
jzpfjyD; udk,fxnfta&mifudkvnf; pE´&m;ukd,fxnfwGif
jrifawGU&aom awmufajymifrIrsKd;&Sdonfh teufa&mifudk
toHk;csxm;onf/ t&G,ftpm;rSm 3.3_11.3_7.5
vufr&Sdum tav;csdefrSm 3 'or 9 aygif av;onf/
tvG,fwul o,f,loGm;Ekdifonf/ ¤if;twGuf El;nHhaom
carrying case wpfckESifh feature wpfyHkwpfyifyg&Sdonfh
remote wpfckwdkYukdyg xnhfay;vdkufonf/ PJ 258D onf
toHxGuft&nftaoG;
tenf;i,f nHo
h nf/
½kyyf rkH sm;twGuf 2,000 ANSI
lumens &ojzifh EIe;f xm;
aumif;vSonf/
2,000 lumens EIef; xkwfay;Ekdifojzifh yHk&dyfrsm;
pdwfwkdif;us jrifawGUcGifh&onf/ Standard TV resolution
twGufrl tm;enf;rI &SdEkdifaomfvnf; DVD resolution
video rsm;twGufrl tqifajyvSonf/
Contrast ratio rSm 374:1 jzpfonf/ owfrSwf
a&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 1000 jzpfonf/

Apple Mac Mini (1.83-GHZ Core Duo)

ukd,fxnfyHkpH csyfcsyf&yf&yfjzifh xkwfvkyfaeaom

yDpDuGefysLwmaps;uGuf ,SOfjydKif&ef Apple rS xkwfvkyf
vdkufaom tao;pm; uGefysLwmtjzpf rSwf,lEkdifyg
vdrfhrnf/ aemufqHk;ay: 1.83 GHz Core Duo processor
udk wyfqifay;xm;jyD; HP Slimline ESifh Acer Aspire
L310 yDpDuGefysLwmrsm;udk xdyfwkduf 0ifa&muf,SOfjy
vmjcif; jzpfonf/ vSvSyy cspfpzG,fyHkpHjzifh Mac
uGefysLwm*kPfudk xdef;odrf;ay;Ekdifaomfvnf; owfrSwf infrared a&mifjcnf zrf;,l
a&mif;cs aom aps;EIef;udkvdkufí feature tiftm; ay;rnfh IR receiver
enf;vSonf/ Mac uGefysLwmrsm;xJwGif aps;tenf;qHk;
taetxm;[k qkdEkdifaomfjim;vnf; armfeDwmryg oavmuf tqifajyoGm;aponf/ ¤if;ESifhtwl uD;bkwf
874 a':vm jzpfaeonf/ toHk;jyKxm;aom processor ESifh armufpfrsm; rygvmouJhodkY TV tuner vnf;
rS Core Duo omjzpfjyD; Core 2 Duo r[kwfjcif;onf xnhfay;vkdufjcif; r&Sday/ Hard drive \ odkrSD;
tm;enf;csuf jzpfae&onf/ odkYaomf 1GB-RAM yrmPrSmvnf; tjcm; yDpDuGefysLwmrsm;ESifh EIdif;pmvQif
xnhfxm;jcif;aMumifh performance twGuf xdkufoifh ao;i,fonf[k ,lqEkdifonf/

56 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCTS
Nokia 2610 display ukd
tjriftm½Hk? tMum;tm½Hk? xdawGUrItm½Hk oHk;yg;vHk; yg0if Munh½f &I mwGif
aeapaom vufudkif w,fvDzkef; trsKd;tpm;[k wifpm; qDow k xf m;aom
ajymqkdvdkaomfvnf; wu,fwrf; toHk;jyKonfhtcg rSejf yiftvm;
tm½Hkwpfyg;omvQif pdwfauseyfp&m jzpfcJh&onf/ &Sad eonf/
'DZdkif;armf',f jr§ifhwifvdkaomqE´ jyif;jyvGef;ojzifh
tqifhausmf vkyfaqmifouJhodkY jzpfoGm;apum &nfnTef;
xm;onfh useftm½HkESpfyg;twGuf toifhtwifh tajctae
om &SdoGm;aponf/ wdwdusus ajymqkd&rnfqkdygu uD;cvkwfav;awGu
tvGefaumif;aom reception &Sdaeojzifh tMum; ao;i,fvGef;onf/
tm½HktwGuf toHk;jyKol pdwfwkdif;us taetxm;&Sdonf/
Lowcontrast screen jzpfjcif;aMumifh vkyfaqmif&ef
function rsm;udk ppfaq;&mwGif xif;xif;vif;vif; tD;vfar;ESifh *drf;rsm;udkvnf; cGifhjyKay;xm;onf/
r&SdvSay/ *½kpkdufí Munhf½Ippfaq;ae&onf/ uD;bkwfwGif bufx&D toHk;cHrIrSm tHhMoavmufp&mjzpfatmif
&Sdaom cvkwfav;rsm;onf ao;i,fvSojzifh aumif;aeonf/ pum;ajym½Hkoufoufqkdygu 13 em&DcefY
vufacsmif;MuD;olrsm;twGuf tcuftcJjzpfap&onf/ wpfqufwnf; toHk;jyKEkdifaom taetxm;&Sdonf/
2610 onf tay:,HtoGiftjyif qGJaqmifrI&Sdaomfvnf; w,fvDzkef;udk vufcHajymqkd&mwGif cyfcGmcGm
interface rSm aES;auG;vSonf/ MP3 ringtones udk taetxm;rSyif aumif;rGefpGm qufoG,f ajymqkdEkdifonf/
toHk;jyKxm;onf/ Yahool ESifh AOL udk toHk;jyKEkdifjyD; owfrSwfwefzdk;rSm 170 a':vm jzpfonf/

LG VX 8700
2 megapixel uifr&m
vufukdifw,fvDzkef; trsm;pkrSm teufa&mif yvwfpwpf
udk,fxnfjzifhom xkwfvkyfavh&SdMu&mwGif LG rS VX8700
udk a&mifjyef[yfEdkifonftxd ajymifvuf acsmarGUaom
oHrPdtoGiftjyif&Sd udk,fxnfyHkpHjyKum xkwfvkyf
a&mif;csvmjcif;jzpfonf/ ,cifaps;uGufwGif awGUjrifcJh&
aom standard metal phone rsm;xuf awmufajymif
vSyaom tqif;&Sdonf/ ¤if;wGif wyfqifyg&Sdvmonfh
uifr&mrSm rjyKrjyif wkduf½dkuf "mwfyHkxkwf,lEkdifaom
t&nftaoG;ay;Ekdifrnfh 2 Mega-pixel uifr&m jzpfonf/
Verizon toHk;jyKolawGtaejzifh uifr&mt&nftaoG;
edrhfus &rIaMumifh cHpm;ae&olrsm; twGuf qE´jynhf0oGm;
aponf/ taumif;MuD;r[kwfaomfvnf; aumif;ygonf
[k vufcH&rnfh t&nftcsif;rsm; &Sdaeonf/ rnfokdYyif
jzpfap Motorola E815 \ aemufrSmom &yfaeEkdifaom xuf tvif;a&mifenf; aom ae&mrsm;wGif "mwfyHk½dkufyg
tqifh&Sdonf/ toHk;jyKolrsm;taejzifh vG,ful &Sif;vif; u ykdyDjyifaponf/ w,fvDzkef;t*Fg&yftaejzifhrl tm;vHk;
aom interface jzifh toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ Shutter speed jynfhpHkjyD; jzpfonf/ owfrSwfa&mif;csaom wefzkd;rSm
tenf;i,f aES;auG;ojzifh tvif;a&mifrsm;aom ae&mrsm; 379 a':vm jzpfonf/

58 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCTS
zGijhf cif;? em;jcif;? ausm,
f jl cif; jyKvyk &f ef
Griffin iKaraoke built-in xde;f csKyf cvkwrf sm; yg0ifonf/
iPod ESifh wGJzufum um&mtkdauqkdEkdifrnfh ud&d,mav;
jzpfonf/ iPod accessory wpfcktjzpf emrnf&cJhaom
FM a&'D,kd
Griffin rS dock connector wGif um&mtkdaupepfudk
twGuf buit-in
jznhfqnf;ay;vdkufonfhyHkpH[k qkd&rnf/ rdrd transmitter
MudKufESpfouf&m aw;oDcsif;rsm;udk iPod wGif xnhfoGif; iPod ESihf wGzJ uf yg&o
dS nf/
xm;um Griffin iKaraoke udk qufjyD; pdwfwkdif;us oH;k &ef ypön;f jzpf
aysmf&TifjrL;xl;pGm oDcsif;qkdEdkifMuayawmhrnf/ Hi-Fi ojzifh wefz;kd
pufMuD;wpfvHk;jzifh um&mtdkauqkdEkdifonfh t&omrsKd; qk&d mwGif iPod
tjynfht0 cHpm;cGifhjyKxm;ay;onf/ toHtwkd;tus,fESifh wefz;dk ryg0ifay/
yJhwifoHrsm;udkvnf; vdktyfovdk csdefnd§ toHk;csEkdifonf/
tdwfaqmifaomw tm½HkcHud&d,mav;wpfckudk ydkifqkdif
xm;rIonf ,cktcg odyfrxl;jcm;vSawmhonfh tajc
taersKd; jzpfaomfvnf; um&mtdkau oDcsif;udkyg qkdEkdif
aom ud&d,mav;jzpfvmygu toHk;jyKolwkdif;twGuf
wtHhwMojzifh tm½HkpdkufvmEkdifaprnf jzpfonf/ csKdU,Gif;csuftcsKdU &Sdaeaomfvnf; 0,f,l toHk;jyKol
wpfenf;qkd&aomf zuf&Sifpwkdif xkwfEkdifrnfh taejzifh vufcHEdkifaomyHkpH jzpfaeygonf/ owfrSwf
ud&d,mav;yif jzpfonf/ rajymyavmufaom a&mif;aps;rSm a':vm 50 jzpfonf/

Sansa Express
iPod acwfpm;aecsdefwGif Sansa Express xGufay:vm
jcif;aMumifh wGef;wkdufcH&ovdk jzpfoGm;aponf/ iPod
shuffle xuf aygif20 cefY wefzdk;avsmhenf;um shuffle
wGif r&SdEdkifaom tvGefaumif;rGefonfh feature tcsKdUudk
ydkí &cGifh&SdoGm;onf/ ¤if;wGif 1 'or 1 vufr t&G,f
tpm;&Sd OLED screen av;udk menu rsm; Munhf½IEkdif&ef
qif,ifay;xm;onf/ ½dk;½dk; FM twGufjzpfap? digital
FM twGufjzpfap em;axmifcGifhay;xm;onfhtjyif voice
recording taejzifhvnf; toHk;csEkdifygao;onf/ oDcsi;f rsm;ESiyhf wfoufonfh information
1 GB yrmPtxd odkrSD;Ekdifaom tiftm;&SdjyD; tykdaqmif; tjynft h pHak y;Ekid rf nfh 1 'or 1 vufr
okdrSD;Ekdifa&;twGuf micro SD Card udk pdkufxkd;um t&G,f OLED display av; jzpfonf/
toHk;jyKEdkif&ef pDpOfay;xm;jyefonf/ ¤if;twGuf
music library tjzpf artist, sony title ESifh playlist rsm; aomwtm½HkcHud&d,mav;tjzpf &yfwnfay;Ekdifrnf
jzifh qif,ifum vrf;nTefrI jyKay;aponf/ USB jzpfonf/ ayghayghyg;yg; ½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif; pGJrufp&m 'DZkdif;
connectors twGuf oyf&yfvSyaom tzHk;av;wpfckjzifh yHkpHav;jzpfjyD; owfrSwfwefzdk;rSm a':vm 60 om
wefqmqif ay;xm;onf/ aiGaMu; wGufcsuf &Sdjcif;aMumifh txl;aps;enf;aom taumif;pm;av;[k
toHk;jyKolrsm;taejzifh Sansa Express rS taumif;qHk; wifpm;ajymqkdEdkifygvdrfhrnf/

60 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

NEW PRODUCT
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

IN YANGON

17" Chimei LCD Montion CMV 730A

w½kwf (wdkifay)ukrÜPDjzpfaom Chimei rS LCD displays

rsm; xkwfvkyfcJh&m ta&SUtm&Saps;uGufwGif vlMudKufrsm;
vsuf &Sdonf/ ,cktcg HDTV trsKd;tpm; ½kyfjrifoHMum;
pufrsm;omru uGefysLwmoHk; display unit rsm;twGuf
vnf; xkwfvkyfvsuf &Sdaeonf/ Viewsonic t&nf
taoG;udk oabmusolwdkif; Chimei LCD display rsm;udk
0,f,l toHk;jyKvmMuonf/ jrifuGif;twkdif;twmudk
17 vufr[k nTef;qkdxm;jyD; 1280x 1024 SXGA
resolution &Sdjcif;aMumifh rdrdyDpDay:wGif HD udk tav;csdeftm;jzifh 3 'or 3 uDvdkomav;onf/
wifoHk;rnfqkdygu tvdkufoifh ydkifykdifEkdifEkdif cGifhjyKay; Setup vkyfaqmif&mwGifvnf; jrefqefvSonf/ t&nf
Ekdifonf/ Contrast ratio rSm 500;! &Sdonf/ taoG;aumif;aumif; aps;EIef;oufoufomomESifh
Viewing angle rSm a'gifvkduf 140 'D*&D? tvsm;vdkuf toHk;jyKvdkolwkdif; Chimei CMV 730 A udk a&G;cs,f
160 'D*&Dtxd &onf/ yg0gtoHk;csrItwGuf 51 W oifhonf/ (tvdk&Sdygu 36 vrf;&Sd Smart Computer
&Sdonf/ Saving mode qdkygu 3W om &Sdonf/ ta&mif;qkdifwGif 0,f,l &&SdEdkifygonf/)

P 35 Platinum Motherboard
2007 ckESpftwGif; txl;xGufay:vmaom MSI motherboard jzpfonf/
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; chip-set tuefYtowf jyKvkyfxm;um Windows
98/ME wdkYtwGuf yHhydk;aqmif&Gufjcif; r&SdaMumif; twdtvif;
azmfnTef;xm;onf/ MSI Live Update jzifh BIOS
twGufjzpfap? drivers rsm;twGufjzpfap topf topf
xGufay:vmwkdif; online rS tvdktavsmuf qGJcs,lEkdif&ef
'DZdkif;jyKvkyfxm;onf/ ,aeY vlMudKufrsm;aeaom Intel P35 chipset
FSB 800/1066/1333 MHz udk yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;xm;ojzifh P35 Platinum [k trnfay;xm;yHk
&onf/ CPU taejzifh Intel Core 2 Quad/Core 2 Duo processors rsm;tm;vHk; oHk;EkdifjyD; Yorkfield ESifh
Wolfdale wdkYukdvnf; yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonf/ DDR2 SDRAM memory av;cktxd cGifhjyKxm;jyD; 8 GB
yrmPtxd oHk;cGifhay;xm;onf/ PCI Express 16 x slots ESpfck? X1 slots ESpfckESifh 32 bit PCI bus slot ESpfckpDwkYd
yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;xm;onf/ Onboard IDE/SATA yg&SdjyD; Ultra ATA drives rsm;udkvnf; qufoG,f
aqmif&GufEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ RAID Setup floppy disk twGufrl optical tjzpfom vufcH aqmif&Gufay;onf/
Audio twGuf 8-channel txd cGifhjyKonf/ LAN twGuf PCI Express LAN 10/100/1000 Fast Ethernet txd
yHhykd; aqmif&Gufay;onf/ Internal connectors rsm;? external connectors rsm; tvHktavmuf yg&Sdonf/ PS/2
port ESpfck? 6 in 1 audio jack wpfck? USB 2.0 6ck yg&SdjyD; IEEE port wpfck? e SATA prots ESpfckESifh optical
SPDIE out wpfckwdkYudk optional tjzpf ay;xm;onf/ (tvdk&Sdygu Smart Computer ta&mif;qkdifwGif
0,f,l&&SdEkdifygonf/)

62 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf


DVD csya
f wGay:rmS pdwMf uKd uf avb,fwyfjy;D odr;f qnf;Edik af prnfh
SATA interface oH;k ASUS DVD Writer
ASUS onf DRW-
1814BLT Internal DVD
rewriter ESit
hf wl optical
drive rsm;\ enf;ynm
ydkif;udk OD;aqmifvdkufjyef
ygjyD / tqd k y g DVD-
Writer onf DVD+/-R
udk 18x EIef;? DVD+/-R
(DL) udk 8x EIef; ponf
tjrefEIef;rsm;ESifh a&;Edkif
jyD; DVD-RAM udk 14x
EIe;f ESihf zwfEikd o
f nf/ SA-
TA interface udk toHk;jyK
xm;aomaMumifh vuf&dS
t oHk; jyK ae Mu onfh
DMA 33 standard rsm;
xuf tcsuftvufrsm;
udk tydkY? t,l jyKvkyf&m
wGif 5 qrQ ydkrdk jrefqef
ygonf/ xdkYtjyif ¤if;
DVD drive onf ASUS
\ taumif;qHk; ODD
feature rsm;ESifh rGrf;rHxm;
onfudk awGU&ygonf/
ASUS DRW-1814BLT
onf dual format udk
64
Internet
News
taxmuftuljyKEdkifaom
aMumifh ¤if; writer ESihf zef
wD;vdkufonfh DVD csyf
rsm;onf DVD-ROM ESihf
DVD player trsm;pkwi G f
vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm zwf
Edkifygonf/ ¤if; DVD
writer onf 6x DVD-Re-
writer, 8x DVD+Rewrite
ESihf 48x CD-Writer, 32x
CD-Rewriter ponf h
writing speed rsm;ud k
taxmuftuljyKay;Edkif
jyD; DVD-ROM udk 16x ?
DVD-RAM udk 14x ESifh
CD-ROM udk 48x EIef;
rsm;ESifh zwfEdkifwmaMumifh
¤if;\ jrifhrm;onfh a&;?
zwfpGrf;&nfudk awGUEdkifyg
onf/
uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf
¤if ; wG i f ASUS
LightScribe enf;ynm
udkvnf; taxmuftul
jyKxm;aomaMumifh DRW-
1814BLT drive, Light-
Scribe-compatible dics
ESifh Light-Scribe-ena-
bled burning software
wdYk ukd toH;k jyKjyD; Pro qef
qef vS y onf h trS w f
wHqdyfrsm;udk zefwD;ay;
Edkifygonf/ vdktyfaom
tcsuf t vuf r sm;ud k
burn jyD;onfEiS hf pD'cD syu
f kd
ajymif;jyefvSefxnfhum
pD'D\ label a&;Edkifonfh
tjcrf;wGif pmom;rsm;?
*&yfzpf yf &kH yd rf sm;udk rdrpd w
d f
MudKuf yHkazmfEdkifygonf/
,aeY 'D*spfw,facwfwiG f
azsmfajzrIrsm;onf opti-
cal drive rsm;udk t"du
xm; toHk;jyKaeMujyDjzpf
onf/ odkYaomfvnf; op-
tical drives trsm;pkonf
armfwmvnfywfrIaMumifh
qlnHoHESifh rwnfjidrfrI
rsm; jzpfay:aeMuonf/
,ck DRW-1814BLT wGif
ASUS \ rlydkif ODD
feature rsm; jzpf o nf h
Airflow Field Modifi-
cation (AFFM) ES i f h
Double Dynamic Sus-
pension System II
(DDSSII) ponf enf;
ynmrsm; yg0if x m;jyD ;
armfwmvnfywfrIaMumifh
jzpfay:onfh qlnHwkefcg
oHrsm;udk avQmhcsEdkif½Hkru
wdusaom ta&;? tzwf
pG r f ; &nf u d k ay;pG r f ; Ed k i f
onf/ jynfhpHk aumif;rGef
aom rD', D m0ef;usiw f pfck
udk zefwD;zdkY&m ASUS
DRW-1814BLT udk rvGJ
rao vdktyfygvdrfhrnf/
-----FireFox-----

FireFox vQKd 0U u
S cf suf

gtalk udk firefox rSm b,fvkd aygi;f xnfrh vJ . . . . . .

firefox udk ydrk v
kd Qijf refatmif b,fvv
kd yk rf vJ? vSwhJ 'DZikd ;f tjyiftqifjzpfatmif firefox udk b,fvkd
jyKjyif,rl vJ . . . . . ponf . . .

tu©&m wpfv;kH wnf;
1 ½du
k ½f jkH zihf website wpfck
zGihfvSpfjcif;
Firefox udk zGihfvkdufjyD; address bar
rSm 'my' udk ½dkufMunfhyg/ jyD;jynfhpHkwJh
command ryg0ifwJhtwGuf b,fvdk
website udkrQ zGihfvdkY r&Edkifyg/
udk,fhbmom rSwfom;xm;r,fh tu©&m
av;wpfck ay;vdkufcsifw,f/ jyD;&if
tJ'D tu©&mav;udk ½dkufvdkufwmeJY
udk,fvdkcsifwJh website wef;jyD; usvm
apcsifw,f/ 'Dvdk MudK;pm;Munfhyg/
1/ Navigation bar rSm &SdwJh Book-
marks udk oGm;yg/
2/ organize bookmarks udk zGihfyg/
3/ 'New Bookmark' udk Click ESyd yf g/
4/ New bookmark box yGihfvmjyD qdk
wmeJY 'Name' rSm ,lr,fh website
eJY ywfoufwmudk a&;yg/ 'loca-
tion' rSmawmh website &JU vdyfpm
twdtus a&;yg/ 'keyword' rSm
awmh udk,fvdkcsifwJh tu©&ma&;yg/
pdwfMudKuf tu©&m? pmom;ay;xm;
vdkY &ygw,f/ (tck "my" vdkY a&;
xm;ygw,f) jyD;&if OK ESdyfyg/
5/ 'gqdk&if aemuftcgawGrSm jrefrm
,l e D u k w f p epf a wG t aMumif ; ud k
avhvmcsiv f Ykd ½du
k Ef ydS w
f t
hJ cgrSm ad-
dress bar rSm "my" vdkY ½dkufvdkuf
½HkeJY 'my myanmar' &JU website
xJudk a&muf&SdoGm;rSmrdkY tcsdefukef
oufomapygr,f/

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tab rsm;&JU oabm obm0
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...etc): wu,fvdkY zGihfxm;wJh tab awG
udk wpfae&mrS wpfae&mudk ausmfMunhf
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(tab 1 rSm www.google.com), (tab
2 rSm www.yahoo .com), (tab 3 rSm
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tckcsdefrSm cifAsm;[m (google.com)
rSm active jzpfaew,fqdk&if (Joejoe
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udkawmh default taeeJY ckepfrsufESm
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Zlvikd v
-----FireFox-----
awGukd search engine ig;ck aygif;xnfhay;
3 domain
½dkufaep&m rvdkyg/ xm;ygw,f/
(.org), (.net), (.com) pwJh website
awG&JU domain awGudk wpfaeYwpfaeY
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page usvmrSm r[kwfyg/) qdk&if search box rSm virus qdkjyD; ½dkuf
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udk aygif;ay;oGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ 'g
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udk ESyd yf g/ (*.net udk aygif;ay;rnf)
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4 / jrVersion
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f ? 2007 ckEpS f 67
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-----FireFox-----
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play uvnf ; rwl b l ; /
Billy u cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf
oGm;vm vIyf&Sm;&wJh steal-
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uawmh 'Hk;'Hk;'dkif;'dkif; typf
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motion yHkpH "Concentra-
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118
(REVIEW)
jyD ; awmh uvih f t d p f 0 k ' f
aumif;bGdKifum;awG yHkpHrsKd;
aoewfjydKifypfcef; duels
awG yg0ifw,f/
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Player campaign u 8
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LAN eJ Y online twG u f
multiplayer tydkif;vnf;
ygr,f/ FPS-style trsKd;
tpm; cJGxm;wJh Zmwfaumif
awGeJY upm;&r,f/ Rifle-
man, gunslinger, sniper eJY
miners pwmrsKd ; awG a ygh /
upm;enf; mode t&vnf;
team deathmatch, cap-
ture the flag, VIP tpHk yg
r,f/ trsKd;tpm;av;cku
tawmfav; nDrQatmif vkyf
xm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh sniper
uawmh twefi,f tompD;
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player tydkif;u xl;jcm;vS
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f ? 2007 ckEpS f
rG e f w J h lighting effects,
solid texture rsufESmjyif
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Dired X 10 axmufyHhwJh
AD ' D , d k u wf e J Y qd k & if yd k j yD ;
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jrihfjrihfxm;wJhtcg ywf0ef;
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u ydkjyD; xlxleJY? ydkjyD; jywf
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'gayr,fh tJ'v D kd resolution
jr§ihfxm;&if tqihfjrihf PC
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uawmh usoGm;ygw,f/

Empire Earth eJY ywf
oufjyD; oif odxm;orQ
t&mtm;vH k ; arh y pf v k d u f
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wkdY[m vHk;0opfvGif&J&ifhwJh
Empire Earth III udk pdwf
ul;yHkazmfaewJhtwGuf jzpfyg
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orkid ;f aemufcH strategy *dr;f
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a0ol sierra eJY developer
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Empire Earth III [m oifh
taeeJY vlrt I zGYJtpnf; civi-
(PREVIEW) ART OF GAME
lization wpfc ku dk orkdi f ;
rwkdifcif acwfuaejyD; a0;
uGmwJh tem*wfumvtxd
vrf;nTefydkYaqmifay;&r,fh
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taqmufttHkuvGJvdkY usef
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vnf q ef ; ppf oH k ; oyf j yD ;
'DZkdif;jyefxkwfcJhygw,f/
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hew Nordhaus &JU tqdk
t& 2005 ckEpS f EE II jzefYa0
tjyD;rSmyJ EE III twGuf loper Mad Doc studio rsm;xnfhay;jcif;jzifh rsm;rsm;
vkyfief;pwifcJhw,fvdkY od& [m Empire Earth *d r f ; &r,f} qdkwJh t&if EE *drf;
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quel udk yHkwltjrefvkyfr,fh tarG q uf c H vuf v T J , l c J h tjrifudk *drf;opfrSm avQmh
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oGm;zdYkvw dk t
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jrpftay:yJ wnfaqmufcJh MuD;aMumif; tcsufjzpfw,f/
jcif; jzpfygw,f/ EE III u EE pD;&D;awG&UJ {&mrMuD;rm;
pvdYk Mad Doc [m ud, k yf idk f wJh pau;u *drf;&JU tm;om
tjrifeJY topfjyefvnf zef csuf jzpfovdk tm;enf;csuf
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III rSm rl&if;rS rqdkpavmuf &wm *d r f ; upm;ol a wG
av;yJ jyefí yg0ifygvdrfh twGuf pdwfMuD;0ifp&m jzpf
r,f/ wmawmh [kwfyg&JU/ 'gay
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f ? 2007 ckEpS f 119
 ART OF GAME
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awG ajym&cufwm 'DZkdifem
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acwfumvtvkduf epoch
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tjyif rwl w J h enf ; ynm
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p&m jzpfapw,f/ Empire
Earth III rSmawmh 'Dtwkdif;
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pochs acwfumvawG ydk
enf;oGm;ayr,fh wpfcek YJ wpf
ck ydkjyD; xif&Sm; uGJjym;vdrfh
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wd;k wufraI wGtwGuf okaw
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ukdif;cGJ technology tree u
ykdí acsmarGYvmygvdrfhr,f/
EE III eJY ywfoufjyD;
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screen twG i f ; ü yH k p H w l
,lepfawGeYJ yJ ½Iyyf aG ejcif;jzpf
ygw,f/ uGjJ ym;wJh pwkid [ f ef
yef t&nftaoG; persona-
lity trsm;MuD; ryg0ifbl;/
tJ'geJY rwluGJjym;pGm EE III
rSmawmh ,lepfawGudk csJUum;
t&G , f t pm; MuD ; xm;jyD ;
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odEkdifr,f/ *drf;&JU tjrifydkif;
eJY ywfoufvdkY taumif;qHk;
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craft eJY Age of Empires
pyfxm;wmeJY wlygvdrfhr,f/
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k f
trsKd ; tpm; cG J x m;w,f /
Western, Ear Eastern eJY
Middle Eastern a'oawG
jzpfygw,f/ *dr;f twGi;f fac-
tions tzG J Y oH k ; ck x J o myg
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oG m ;vd r f h r ,f / Western
a'o[m ¤if;&JU high-tech
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uaps;ydak ygjyD; tHv k u dk f usi;f
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trSDjyKw,f/ Middle Eas-
tern a'ouawmh tjref a&TU
ajymif;EkdifwJh mobile units
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 (PREVIEW) ART OF GAME

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quests awGu vkyfcsifvkyf
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quests awG xnfhay;xm;
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studio [m olYudk,fol AI
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 ART OF GAME
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awG vlawGxuf tvum;
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awGYaeus multiplayer skir-
mish awG&Sdr,f/ ydkjyD; &nf
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world domination com-
paign twGuf tjrJ wnfwHh
pGm rSwfom;xm;aom per-
sistent multiplayer yHkpH yg
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ADDICTIVE
Games
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wpfcgwpf&H power ups awG
& wwf yg w,f/ Level
tqihw f ufomG ;wJt h cg vrf;
aMumif;yHkpHawG ajymif;vJ
oGm;ygvdrhfr,f/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
f ? 2007 ckEpS f
(SPECIAL REPORT)
Gameplay
Action eJY Puzzle a&m
xm;wmvdYk yJ ajym&r,f/ jref
jrefpOf;pm;/ jrefjref vIy&f mS ;/
tuGufcs pOf;pm; wGufcsuf
zdkY vdkw,f/ 'gayr,fh aES;
aevdkY rjzpfbl;/ aemuf pOf;
pm; qHk;jzwfrIaemufrSm vIyf
&S m ;rI u xuf M uyf r uG m
vdu k v f m&r,f/ wdus&r,f/
*dr;f awG&UJ hand-eye co-or-
dination obm0ud k
taumif;qHk; erlemjyaejcif;
yJ jzpfygw,f/ rsufpd tjrif
pl;&SzYkdvwkd ,f/ tqiftuGuf
udk tao;pdwf ½kwfjcnf;
zrf;jrifqJrSm t&mtm;vHk;
jcHKí jrifEdkifpGrf;vnf; &Sd&yg
vdrhfr,f/ OD;aESmuf? rsufpd?
ART OF GAME
vufoHk;rsKd;pvHk; yl;wGJ yg0if
&vdkY tawmfav; tm;pdkuf
&wJh*drf; jzpfygw,f/ 'gu
pGJvrf;apjcif; tcsuf wpf
csuf jzpfvdrhfr,f/ tESpf
tom;ygwJh *drf;aygh/
Setting and atmos
phere
Gameplay u b,f
avmuf aumif ; aumif ;
olYukd aemufc0H ef;usif taiGU
touf yDjyifjynfh0atmif
ray;EdkifcJh&ifvnf; 'D*drf;[m
'Davmuf pGJrufzG,f aumif;
vmr,f rxifygbl;/ zuma
&J U taiG U touf u a&S U
a[mif ; usí qef ; Mu,f
eufeJrI *rÇD&oabmawGyJ
123
 ART OF GAME
jzpfw,f/ rm,meJY tufZf
wuf a&S;a[mif; ,Ofaus;rI
taqmufttHkawG&JU 0ef;
usif qufwifawG ay;xm;
w,f/ Zl;rm;? Zl;rm;qdkwm
bmvJ/ '@m&D tvdkt&
awmh Zl;rm;awG[m tufZf
wufeJY qifwlwJh bmom
pum;ajymaom ruúqDudk
ta&SUajrmufydkif;u vlrsKd;pk
vdkY ajymMuw,f/ olwdkYu
wpfenf;enf;eJY AD'D,dk*drf;
awGudk ESpfoufvmMujyD;
wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; a&mifpHk abm
vHk;awG ypfayguf upm;Mu
w,f/ oH;k ckwGJ jzpfvmrvm;
qd k w J h arQmf v ih f c suf e J Y /
tdkau? tdkau aemufqHk;
0gusESpfaMumif;u vHMuKwf
ajymxm;wmyg/ 'gayr,fh
*dr;f &JU taiGUtouf 0ef;usif
u pdw0f ifpm;p&m aumif;wJh
taMumif; qdkvdkcsifwmygyJ/
aemufcaH w;*Dw? toHtxl;
jyKvkycf suf?rsufpyd om' jzpf
p&m taqmifta[mif;awGeYJ
epf a rsmp&m aumif ; vS y g
w,f/ ]Zl;rm;}qdkwJh tiftm;
124
(SPECIAL REPORT)
RAYMAN RAVING RABBITS 2
'D*drf;u b,favmuf &,f&TifzG,faumif;r,fqkdwm pmeJY
a&;rjyawmhbl;/ ykHawGrSmyJ Munfhvkdufyg/ Wii *drf;&JU
Wii-mote eJY nuncuk pGrf;&nfawGokH;jyD;
txl;ûy wDxGifxm;wJh mini-games rsm; tpk jzpfygw,f/
'DESpfaESmif;ykdif;rSm xGufzkdY&m &Sdw,f/
tcsKdUaom mini-games av;awG&JU tpykdif;rSm rabbits
awGukd OD;xkyf? 0wfpkH? ta&jym;awG qef;qef;jym;jym;
pdwfMudKufqifay;EkdifwJh options awG ygw,f/ tar&duef
tjynfh oHjydKif[pfoH Mum;& vufypfabmcRef ykHpH mini-game wpfckygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
&if oiftajctaeaumif;jyD; upm;yJG
aemufqHk;upm;&if game pnf;rsOf;u
over jzpfwJh tcgrSmawmif wlrSmr[kwfbl;/
pdwf0ifpm;p&m tqdktrdefY abmcRefukd
awG e J Y ajzod r f h a y;ygao; MumEkdiforQ
w,f/ wu,fawmh zuma MumMumukid f
[m tMuHwal emufvo l mpjrJ xm;EkdifzkdYyJ/
qdwk hJ oabmeJY taumif;qH;k AkdufxJ ykdufjyD;
*E¦0ifjzpfvmcJhwJh *drf;yg/ a>rvdrfa>raumuf ajy;csif&majy;/
t&ifu oleJY oabmw&m; aemuf twGif;cH t0wftpm; tavQmfûydif&wJh mini-game
wl *drf;awG &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ wpfck ygw,f/
'gayr,fh 'D*drf;usrS xl;xl; aemufa&ul;ûydif&
jcm;jcm; ESpfvdkYzG,f jyD;jynfhpHk wJh mini-game
vmjcif; jzpfygw,f/ vnf; ygw,f/
wpfa,mufwnf; aemufpdwf0ifpm;
upm;rvm;/ rd w f a qG ? p&mwpfckuawmh
oli,fcsif;? rdom;pkawGeJY dancing
trS w f j yd K if upm;rvm;/ rhythm *drf;
b,f t csd e f r qd k upm;vd k Y jzpfygw,f/ Rabbit band rSm tqkdawmf? *pfwmwD;ol?
aumif;aerSmyJ/ pdefac:rIu '&rfrmeJY uD;bkwfwD;ol pkHvifpGm
wpf&pfjyD;wpf&pf qGw J ifomG ; yg&Sdygw,f/
yHk[m *drf;'DZdkifemwdkif; pHjyK oifhukd
twk,lp&m aumif;ygw,f/ pdwfESvkH; &TifûyH;ap
aemuf q H k ; tmumoxJ r,fqkdwm
a&mufoGm;wJhtcgrSmqdk&if vkH;0tmrcHay;
abmvH k ; vrf ; aMumif ; ud k vkdufygw,f/
rjrif&awmhwJh txdygyJ/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
f ? 2007 ckEpS f

Bistable. jzpfEkdifaom tajctaeESpfrsKd;(on ESifhoff )&Sdaom
device odkYr[kwf circuit udk ac:onf/
Bistable circuit or multivibrator =
tajctae ESprf sK;d okYd ajymif;vJEidk af om circuit.
Bit. Binary digit udk twkdaumufac:qkdjcif;jzpfonf/
pufwpfv;kH ay:rS tao;i,fq;kH owif;tcsuftvuf ,lepf
jzpfonf/ a&SUaqmifpm&if;tif;ynm&Sif *RefwluDu þ
a0g[m&udk 1946 ckESpfwGif pwifoHk;pGJcJhonf/ wpfckwnf;
aom bit onf 0 odkYr[kwf 1 qkdonfh wefzkd;ESpfckteuf
wpfckukdom aqmifxm;Ekdifonf/ qufwkdufvmonfh bit
rsm;udk ykdíBuD;rm;onfh ,lepfrsm;tjzpf aygif;pyfay;jcif;jzifh
ykdít"dyÜm,fjynfh0aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ukd &&Sd
onf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf byte wpfckudk qufwkdufvmonfh bit
&Spfckjzifh zGJUpnf;onf/
wpfcgwpf&HwGif uGefysLwmrsm;udk wpfMudrfvQif ¤if;wdkY
process vkyfEkdifonfh bit ta&twGufjzifhjzpfap? address
rsm;tm; ukd,fpm;jyK&ef ¤if;wdkYtoHk;jyKonfh bit ta&twGuf
jzifhjzpfap tqifhtwef; owfrSwfonf/ þwefzkd;ESpfckrSm
tjrJwrf; wlnDjcif;r&SdonfhtwGuf em;vnfrI ½IyfaxG;oGm;
wwfMuonf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf uGefysLwmwpfvHk;tm; 32 bit
pufwpfvHk;tjzpf owfrSwfjcif;onf ,if;\ data register
rSm 32 bits us,f0ef;onf okYd r[kwf pufonf rSwÓ f PfxrJ S
address wpfckpDukd &SmazGowfrSwf&mwGif 32 bits toHk;jyK
onf[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ ykdít&G,fBuD;onfh data register
rsm;u uGefysLwmtm; ykdíjrefqefapouJhodkY address rsm;
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
twGuf bit ydrk o
kd ;kH pGjJ cif;jzifh pufwpfv;kH onf ykrd dk BuD;rm;onfh
y½dk*&rfrsm;udk taxmuftuljyKEkdifonf/
*&yfzpfrsm;ukd rMumcPqkdouJhodkY dot wpfckcsif;tm;
ukd,fpm;jyK&ef toHk;jyKonfh bit ta&twGujf zifv h nf; azmfjy
wwfonf/ 1 – bit yH&k yd w f pfcok nf monochrome jzpfonf/
8 – bit yHk&dyfwpfckonf 256 color okdYr[kwf grayscale
rsm;udk taxmuftuljyKonf/ 24 odkYr[kwf 32 bit *&yfzpf
rsm;onf true color udk taxmuftuljyKonf/
Bit map. Pixel [kac:onfh tvif;pufuav; axmif
aygif;rsm;pGm yg0ifaeaom uGefysLwmzefom;jyif azmfjycsuf
wpfckjzpfonf/ zefom;jyifay:wGif yHk&dyfrsm;ukd a&;jc,f&ef
toHk;jyKonfh y½dk*&rfrsm;wGif pixel rsm;ukd tzGifhtydwf vkyf
ay;&onf/ odkYr[kwf yHk&dyfwpfck zefwD;&ef t&dyfESifh ta&mif
rsm;ukd ajymif;vJay;&onf/ owif;tcsuftvuf bit wpfck
onf piexl udk zGifhxm;oavm (bit = 1) okdYr[kwf pixel udk
ydwfxm;oavm (bit = 0) qkdonfudk ajymjyonf/ Bit map
qko d nfrmS tpufi,f (dot) rsm;ukd rnfonfyh pkH jH zifh azmfjyrnf
okdYr[kwf ½dkufxkwfay;rnfudk uGefysLwmtm; ajymjyaom
zkdifwpfckyifjzpfonf/
Bit-mapped font. ½dkufESdyfxm;onfh character rsm;ukd
uk d i f w G , f a jz&S i f ; ay;aom enf ; vrf ; wpf & yf j zpf o nf /
Character wpfckpDudk bit tpkta0;wpf&yftjzpf (dot rsm;
tjzpf)toHk;csaqmif&Gufonf/ Bit – mapped font wpfck
onf character wpfckpDukd tMurf;xnf outline wpf&yf
tjzpf toHk;csaqmif&Gufaom scalable font (csKHUcsJUEkdifaom
f ? 2007 ckEpS f 125
 uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
font) rsm;ESifh uGJjym;jcm;em;onf/ Bit-mapped font rsm;udk
toHk;cs&mwGif y½dk*&rfonf toHk;jyKonfh character wpfcpk D
twGuf tpufi,frsm;\ yHkpHtaetxm; (dot pattern)
wpf&yf &,l&ef vdktyfonf/ Oyrm y½kd*&rfonf Courier
10 yGdKifhxJrS character wpfckudk ½dkufxkwfay;&ef tjcm;yHkpH
wpf&yfukd toHk;jyKonf/ þenf;vrf;onf uGefysLwm\
rSwfÓPfxJwGif ae&mrsm;pGm ,louJhodkY text udk azmfjy&m
½dkufESdyf&mwGif tcsdefrsm;pGm ,lygonf/
Scalable font rsm;udk toH;k jyK&mwGif y½d* k &rfonf font
\ outline t&G,t f pm;udk vdo k vkñd adS y;Ekid af omaMumifh font
wpfckpDtwGuf oD;jcm; outline wpfrsKd;oHk;&ef rvdktyfyg/
Block diagram. uGefysLwm okdYr[kwf tjcm; system
wpfck\ chart jzpfonf/ þ chart wGif avb,fwyfxm;
onfh block rsm;udk toHk;jyKNyD; tpdwftydkif;rsm;ukd &nfnTef;
azmfjyonf/ rsOf;aMumif;rsm;? jrm;rsm;u tpdwftydkif;
toD;oD;tMum; qufo, G rf EI iS hf oGm;vmyHrk sm;ukd azmfjyonf/
k iG Mf unfyh g/) Block diagram onf tpDtpOfjcHKiHk azmfjy
(yHw
csuw f pf&yfjzpfNyD; system wpfcw k iG f rnfonfth &mrsm; yg0if
í rnfuJhodkYtvkyfvkyfonfukd azmfjyonf/

Bits per second (bps). uGefysLwmrsm;onf w,fvDzkef;

vdkif;jzifh tquftoG,fjyK&mwGif tcsuftvufrsm;ukd rwl
nDonfh tjrefEIef;rsm;jzifh vTJajymif;ay;Muonf/ ,if;tjref
EIef;udk bits per second jzifh wkdif;wmoHk;pJGMuonfu
rsm;onf/ Bit wpfckonf uGefysLwmu tqifhqifh toHk;cs
aqmif&GufEdkifaom owif;tcsuftvufxJrS tao;i,fqHk;
,lepfjzpfonf/ Bits per second udk baud rate jzifh vGJrSm;
rSwf,lwwfMuonf/ Bps onf wpfpuúefYwGif vTJajymif;
ay;aom owif;tcsut f vuf ud, k pf m;jyK bit ta&twGuuf dk Block operation. Text wpfckay:rS a&G;cs,fxm;onfh
&nfñTef;onf/ tjrefEIef;jrifhjrifhjzifh tcsuftvuf vTJajymif; ae&may:wGif vkyfaqmifEkdifaom vkyfief;wGJtpkjzpfonf/
ay;aepOf umvtwGi;f modem wpfco k nf vQypf pf oauFw toHk;rsm;onfh block operation rsm;xJwGif jzwfñSyf
wpfcktwGif; tajymif;tvJwpfckpDtwGuf owif;tcsuf uyfjcif;? ae&ma&TUajymif;jcif;vkyfief;rsm; yg0ifonf/ Block
tvuf udk,fpm;jyK bit wpfckru ykdYvTwfay;Ekdifonf/ wpfck\ pmvHk; yHkoP²mefajymif;vJjcif;? block twGuf
rm*sifrsOf;taetxm; ajymif;vJjcif;vkyfief;rsm; yg0ifonf/
Black box . tDvufx&Gefepf enf;ynmjzifh tajccH
wnfaqmufxm;onfh rnfonfh ypön;f ud&, d mudrk qdk black
Block protection. uGefysLwmpmpDy½dk*&rfrsm;wGif page
box [koHk;EIef;Muygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh uGefysLwmwpfvHk;
break wpfckaMumifh (pmrsufESmjywfoGm;jcif;aMumifh) pmpDrI
&dS CPU (central processing unit) onf black box jzpfjyD;
taetxm; uGjJ ym;oGm;jcif;rS umuG,&f ef block wpfck (text
¤if;onf tcsuftvufrsm;udk uGefysLwmpufrS vufcHEdkif&ef
\ tpdwt f ydik ;f ) tm; trSwt
f om;jyKxm;Ekid o
f nf/ þenf;
odkYr[kwf toHk;jyKol jrifEdkif&ef oufqdkif&m format rsm;odkY
jzifh umuG,f apmifha&Smufxm;aom block onf pmrsufESm
ajymif;vJ vkyfaqmifay;onf/
wpfrsufESmwnf;ay:wGif usef&pfapygonf/
Block. Text wpfckwGif oD;jcm;,lepftjzpf tvkyfvkyf&ef
Bmp. Bitmap image ½kyfyHkwkdYukd odrf;qnf;aom zkdifwkdY\
a&G;cs,f,lEkdifaom text \ wpfpdwfwpfykdif;jzpfonf/
aemufqufwGJtrnf extension jzpfonf/ Paint y½dk*&rf
oifonf (uGefysLwmpmpDy½dk*&rfwpfckwGif) text block
wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh zefwD;xm;aom BMP zkdifwkdYukd Windows
wpfckudkvnf;aumif;? (pm&if;Z,m; y½dk*&rfwpfckwGif) cell
&Sd paint utility jzifh zGifhEkdif? odrf;qnf;Ekdifonf/ pmrsm;?
block wpfckudkvnf;aumif; a&G;cs,fNyD; text odkYr[kwf cell
tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk ykdrdk Munhfaumif;ap&ef BMP zkdifrsm;udk
udk tjcm;ae&mwpfae&mwGif jzwfñSyfuyfay;Ekdifonf/ rdwåL
xnfhoGif;Ekdifonf/
ul;ay;Ekdifonf/

126 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv

f ? 2007 ckEpS f

BNC connector.Coaxial cable rsm;twGuf connector
wpfckjzpfonf/ Connector wpfckudk tjcm;wpfcktwGif;okdY
xnfhoGif;NyD; 90 ‘'D*&D vSnfh
onf h t cg lock usoG m ;
onf/ BNC connector
rsm;udk rMumcP qkdovkd
closed circuit wDAGDrsm;wGif toHk;
jyKonf/
Boiler plate. Tamplate tm; tvSty ac:a0: oHk;pGJjcif;
jzpfonf/ rSwfwrf; (memo) wpfckay:rS acgif;pD;pmwef;
uJhokdY tBudrfBudrftxyfxyf toHk;jyKaom text yHkpHwpfck
jzpfonf/
Boldface. rdrda&G;cs,fxm;onfh text tm; ywf0ef;usifrS
text xufykdí rnf;eufap&ef yHkazmfay;jcif;? ½dkufESdyfjcif;
jzpfonf/
Bomb. pepfwpfck odkYr[kwf y½dk*&rfwpfcktvkyfvkyfae&if;
vkyif ef;qufvufvyk u f idk rf &awmhaMumif; azmfjycsuw
f pfcjk zpf
onf/ Macintosh uGefysLwmrsm;wGif azmfjycsufudk toHk;jyK
onf/ yDpDuGefysLwmrsm;wGif Display yHkazmfr& odkYr[kwf
cvkwfcHk ½dkufESdyfr&atmif jzpfvmonfhtcgwGif rdrd\
uGeyf sLwmpepf okYd r[kwf y½d*k &rf\pGr;f aqmif&nf qk;H ½H;I oGm;
rSef; od&rnf/ (Hang udkvnf; Munfhyg/)
Boolean algebra. tu©&mocsFmudk toHk;jyKNyD; a&;om;
rnfh logical zGifhqkdcsufrsm;tm; cGifhjyKonhf Oya' owfrSwf
csufrsm; jzpfonf/ ,if;zGifhqkdcsufrsm;\ &v'frsm;udk truth
table wpfckwGif azmfjyEkdifonf/ t*FvdyfvlrsKd; ocsFmynm&Sif
a*smhbl;vf (1815 -64) udk tpGJjyKí emrnfay;xm;jcif;
jzpfonf/
Boot. ae&mcsxm;onfhvkyfaqmifrIpepfjzifh uGefysLwmtm;
tvkyfpwifjcif; jzpfonf/ Boot qkdaom pum;vHk;onf
‘’to pull yourself up by your bootstraps’’ qkad om pmyk'r
f S
vmjcif;jzpfonf/ uGefysLwmudk zGifhvkdufonhftcg uGefysL
wmonf pufEId;NyD; vnfywfvkyfaqmif&eftwGuf vkdtyf
aom ñTefMum;csufrsm;udk tvdktavsmuf zwf½IoGm;onf/
rdrw
d iG f hard drive wpfc&k ydS gu rdr\
d uGeyf sLwm pwifE;dk Mum;
&ef vkdtyfaom zkdifrsm;rSm hard drive ay:wGif &Sdaumif;
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
f ? 2007 ckEpS f
uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
&SdaeEkdifonf/ rdrd\uGefysLwmwGif floppy drive rsm;om
&Sdaeygu uGefysLwmudk zGifhjcif;rjyKrD drive xJodkY start up
disk (wpfenf;tm;jzifh Boot Disk/ Bootable Disk) wpfck
xnfhay;&ef vkdtyfonf/
Boot disk. uGefysLwm pwiftvkyfvkyfEkdifatmif zefwD;ay;
onfh vkyfaqmifrIpepfydkif;wpfckyg&Sdaom uGefysLwm disk
wpfcjk zpfonf/ vdt
k yfonft h cgwGif cvkwrf zGirhf D boot disk
udk disk drive xJwiG f xnfx
h m;ygu hard disk udk t&ifO;D pGm
&,l roHk;pGJEkdifawmhyg/
Boot record. uGefysLwmudk boot vkyfay;&ef vkdtyfaom
pepftcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifonfh disk wpfck\ yxrqHk;
sector jzpfonf/ ,if; sector ysufp;D oGm;ygu uGey
f sLwmudk
boot vkyf&ef ,if; disk udk toHk;jyKí r&awmhyg/
Boot sector. Disk ay:rS sector wpfckjzpfonf/ Disk
udk boot vkyf&ef odkYr[kwf pwif&ef toHk;jyKonfh BIOS
y½dk*&rfrsm;udk load vky&f ef disk \ layout ESihf y½d*k &rfoiG ;f
code rsm;udk owfrSwfjy|mef;aom owif;tcsuf tvHk
tavmuf yg0ifonf/
Bootstrap. Circuit wpf c k ? stage wpf c k ok d Y r [k w f
operation wpfct
k m; ,if;\ud,
k yf idk v
f yI &f mS ;rIjzifh vdck sio
f nfh
tajctae wpf&yfoYkd uk, d wf idk af &muf&adS p&ef 'DZidk ;f xkwx
f m;
onfh enf;pepfwpfckjzpfonf/ ]] to pull yourself up by
your bootstraps }} qkdonfh t*Fvdyfpum;rS vmjcif; jzpf
onf/ oifzh ed yfBudK;udk oifb h momcsnyf g/ (wpfenf;tm;jzif)h
uk,
d thf m;uk,
d u f ;kd yg[k t"dymÜ ,f&ygonf/ Machine routine
wpfcktjzpf toHk;jyKaom bootstrap enf;pepfwGif yxrqHk;
instruction tenf ; i,f u k d storage twG i f ; od k Y load
vkyfay;&onf/ xkdYaemuf routine \ usefaomvkyfief;rsm;
aqmif&Guf&ef ,if; instruction rsm;udk toHk;jyKonf/
tjrJwrf;tm;jzifh manual instruction tenf;i,f xnfh
oGif;jcif; okdYr[kwf txl;cvkwfwGJrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh
,if;udpu ö dk aqmif&GufEkdifonf/ (boot udkvnf; Munfhyg/)
Boot up. oif\ PC udkzGifh&ef toHk;jyKonfh a0g[m&
jzpfonf/ oif\ PC udkzGifhonfhtcg PC u ROM xJwGif
odkavSmifxm;onfh y½dk*&rfwpfckjzpfonfh bootstrap loader
udk ppfaq;onf/ ,if;y½dk*&rfu boot record wpfck[k
127
 uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef
odxm;onfh hard disk \ oD;jcm;ae&mwpfckukd &SmazGMunfh wkwf rSdwfwkwf bounding box odkYr[kwfrsOf;tpuftpuf
onf/ Disk ay:wGif boot record udk &SmawGYygu xkd boot &Sdaom bound box jzifh azmfjyavh&SdNyD; mouse ukd oHk;í
record xJwGif odrf;qnf;xm;onfh y½dk*&rfukd RAM t&G,ftpm; csJUxGifEkdifonf/
twGif;odkY load vkyfNyD; execute vkyfay;onf/ tm;vHk;
tqifajyrnfqkdygu oif\pufonf vIyf&Sm;ouf0ifvm Break. y½dk*&rfwpfckck tvkyfvkyfaejcif;ukd ½kwfw&uf
vdrfhrnf/ (boot udkvnf;Munhfyg/) &yfwefYvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ uGefysLwmwGif y½kd*&rf tvkyf
vkyfaejcif;udk &yfwefY&ef enf;vrf; 2 ck &Sdonf/ Esc key
Border. Window okdY r [kw f box ok d Y r [k w f button udk ESdyfjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? þodkY jyKvkyfír&ygu Ctrl-
okdYr[kwf image \ ywfvnftem;vdkif;i,fav;jzpfonf/ C udk ESdyfjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;? xdkodkY jyKvkyfr&ygu Ctrl-
DTP aqmhzf0JwGif border style command onf box Break udkESdyfjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? y½dk*&rfwpfckck tvkyf
okdYr[kwf image ywfvnftem;vdkif;wdkY\ yHkoP²mefukd vkyfaejcif;udk [efYwm; &yfwefYvdkufaponf/ Apple
ajymif;vJay;apEkid o
f nf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf ywfvnftem;vkid ;f ukd Macintosh uGefysLwmrsm;jzifh command + udk ½dkufESdyfygu
vdkif;aMumif; ESpfxyf odkYr[kwf vdkif;aMumif; tpuftajymuf vkyfaqmif csuftm; &yfwefYapEkdifonf/
jzpfatmif ajymif;vJ jyKvkyfxm;Edkifonf/
Bridge. (1) vQyfppfpD;Ekdifonfh path ESpfcktMum; qm;upf
Borland C ++
. Application rsm;twGuf wDxGifrIpepf jym;ay:wGif qufo, G x f m;csufwpf&yf jzpfonf/ (2) Diode
wpf&yftjzpf ANSI C ESifh C ++ global optimizer wpfck? av;ck yg0ifaom vIid ;f jynhf rectifier (AC udk DC ajymif;onfh
template rsm;\ taxmuftuljyKrItjynfht0yg&Sdonf/ device) wpfck jzpfonf/ (3) tylcsdef vGefuJrIESifh tjcm;
Windows odkYr[kwf DOS ywf0ef;usifxJwGif code rsm; trSm;yg tajctaersKd;rsm;udk tpm;xkd;umuG,fay;&ef tcsKdU
zefwD;&mü toHk;jyKonf/ Windows twGif;rSaeí Win- aom data acquisition transducer rsm;wGif toHk;jyKonfh
dows application rsm; zefwD;jcif;ukd Windows IDE jzifh "mwfpD;ywfvrf; wpfckjzpfonf/ þpepfonf ckcHrI (resis-
aqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf/ Window IDE wGif toH;k rsm;onfh zef&iS f
rsm;tm; vsifjrefpGm &,ltoHk;cs&ef ]] speed bar }} rsm;
yg&SMd uonf/ Win- scope utility u debugging vky&f mwGif
vG,fulaponf/ Resource Workshop u Windows
resource rsm;udk rsufjrifa&;qGJcGifhjyKonf/ þ package
wG i f Turbo Debugger, Turbo Profiler object ud k
OD;wnfcsufxm;onf/ Turbo Assembler ESifh tjcm; tool
rsm; yg0ifMuonf/

Bounding box. Document odkYr[kwf screen rsufESmjyif

wGif xnfhoGif;xm;&Sdaom ½kyfyHk image wdkY\ yHkoP²mefESifh tance) twdtus wkdif;wma&;twGuf us,fus,fjyefYjyefY
ae&mudk &nfñTef; azmfjy toHk;jyKonf/ Wheatstone bridge [kac:onfh enf;pepf
aom av;axmifhuGuf wpfckrS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ Pressure odkYr[kwf
jzpfonf/ *&yfzpfaqmhz0f J stress wdkif;wm&mwGif toHk;jyKonfh strain guage trans-
rsm;wGif ½kyfyHk image ducer rsm;wGif jzpfay:vmonfh ckcHrItajymif;tvJ tenf;
xnfhoGif;vdkaom ae&m i,fukd azmfjy&ef bridge circuit ac: aygif;ul;vQypf ;D ywfvrf;
uGufvyfudk a&G;cs,f,l wpfck vdktyfonf/ Strain guage udk yHkwGif jyxm;onfh
&ef txl;pyg&S,f tool twkdif; bridge \ vufwHwpfckESifh txufwGif ae&mcsxm;
ygavh & S d M uonf / ¤if ; onf/
ae&muGufvyfudk rSdwf qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

128 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv

f ? 2007 ckEpS f

uGefysLwmwpfvHk; b,fvdkwyfqifMurvJ
,cif r S t quf
aemufwpfcku graphic card awGay:rSm RAMDAC
awG ygvmw,f/ tJ'gu digital to analog udk conversion
vkyfay;wm jzpfygw,f/ tckoHk;aewJh monitor awG tukef
vHk;onf analog monitor awG jzpfygw,f/ okdYaomfvnf;
digital signal awG xGufvmw,f/ tJ'gawGudk analog
conversion vkyfay;&r,f/ b,folu ajymif;ay;&rvJ qdk
awmh RAMDAC awG u ae ajymif ; ay;&w,f / tJ ' D
RAMDAC uaewpfqifh analog monitor bufudk xkwf
ay;&w,f/ tJ'gqdk&if digital bufudkoGm;r,f/ Digital
video card eJY digital display qkd&if bmvkyfMurvJ/
RAMDAC Type vkdao;vm;? rvdkawmhbl;/ tckvuf&Sd
monitor oHk;r,fhay:rSm rlwnfNyD;awmh RAMDAC awG
r&Sb
d ;l / Digital monitor yJ? display yJ oH;k r,fq&dk if rvkb
d ;l /
Graphic card connector
tckwpfcg graphic card connector awGtaMumif;
ajymMur,f/ PCI, AGP qdjk yD;&Syd gr,f/ 'ghtjyif PCI express
with SLI Technology qdkjyD; awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'gawGukd
scaleable link interface vdkY ac:w,f/ 'gukd b,fae&mrSm
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
f ? 2007 ckEpS f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
tokH;wnfhovJqdkawmh graphic card udk ESpfuwf tNydKif
wyfr,f? wyfjyD; okH;csifw,fqdkygawmh? tJvdkae&mrsdK;awGrSm
tokH;wnfhw,f/
Oyrm tcktcsed rf mS AGP oH;k r,fq&kd if 8X xdyJ &ygr,f/
64 bit jzpfygw,f/ udk,foHk;csifwmeJYu tJ'geJY rvHkavmuf
awmhbl;qdk&if higher specialize graphic feature awGudk
rjzpfrae tok;H jyK&ygawmhr,f/ tJ'v D kd tajctaersdK; jzpfvm
&ifawmh PCI express udk rvGJraoG oHk;&awmhr,f/ PCI
express onf AGP xufESpfq&SdjyD; 16X &Sdygw,f/ tJ'grS
xyfNyD; graphic bandwidth udk xyfvdkcsifao;w,f qdk&if
PCI express Card udk xyfpu kd v
f Ydk &ygao;w,f/ xyfpu dk Nf yD;
awmh tJ'D card ESpfuwfudk Mum;xJu qufoG,fwJh vrf;
aMumif;? Scaleable Link Interface ukd xyfxnfhvkduf&if
&ygjyD/ Graphic card ESpfuwfudk bandwidth wpfckwnf;eJY
run wmeJY oabmw&m; twlwlyJ jzpfygw,f/
Video driver
aemufwpfcgajymcsiw f mu video driver taMumif; jzpf
ygw,f/ Video driver ukd installation vky&f wJt h aMumif;&if;
u video adaptor eJY software eJY communicate vkyfwJhae
&mrSm performance and feature udk t"duvkdcsifvkdY jzpfyg
w,f/ System BIOS xJrSm uRefawmfwkdYu standard oHk;
r,f/ Display colour installation vkyfp&mrvkdwJhtwGuf
standard oHk;wm jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkyJ Windows 3x ukd oHk;
r,f? rvdkbl;/ Windows 95 uaepNyD;awmh performance
and feature udk vkc d siw
f t
hJ wGuf video driver awGudk install
vkyfzdkY vdkukdvdkvmw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh graphic card driver
ukd odxm;&r,f/
129
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Power supply
uJ aemufwpfcku power supply jzpfygw,f/ uGefysL
wmrSm power supply taeeJY high voltage AC power
oGif;r,f/ DC power xkwfr,f/ jyD;rS tJ'DxkwfwJh DC yg0g
ukd oHk;r,f/ DC yg0g trsdK;rsdK; &Sdygw,f/ + (or )-12 volt,
+ (or) -5 volt eJY 3.3 Volt qdkygawmh/ tJ'D + (or )-12 volt,
+ (or) -5 volt eJY 3.3 Volt voltage setting awGqdkwm
bmawGvJ wpfcgwnf; Munhf&atmif/
5 Volt section qdwk mu 4.5 volt uae 5.5 volt Mum;rSm
jzpfaer,f/ okH;wJhtcg error percentage u 10% error
udk vufcHEdkifygw,f/ 4 volt atmufa&mufoGm;&ifawmh
tJ'D power supply ukd ok;H vdYk r&awmhb;l / 12 volts section
bufrSmqdk&if 10.8 volt uae 13.2 volttxd bmjyóemrS
r&Sdygbl;/ 'gayr,fh 13.2 volt xufausmfae&ifawmh oHk;vdkY
r&bl;/
aemufwpfcg Power Supply Type rSm AT type qdk&if
P8, P9 Connector , ATX rSmqkd&if P-1 connector, ATX
P-4 rSmqdk&if P-1 connector ? P-4 12 v connector qdkjyD;
trsdK;rsdK; &Sdygao;w,f/ Fan connector ygr,f/ 6 pin
auxiliary connector ygr,f/ od&r,hf power supply u
connector awGyJ jzpfygw,f/
aemufwpfcku voltage rating qdkwmukdyg odxm;zdkY
vdkygr,f/ Voltage awGrSm wefzdk; trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f/ 250
watts &Sdw,f/ 300 watts &Sdw,f/ 350 watts &Sdw,f/ 400
watts &Sdw,f/ 450 watts &Sdw,f/ 500 watts &Sdw,f/
b,ftrsdK;tpm;ukd 0,frvJqdkwm t&ifqkH;pOf;pm;&r,f/
'DaeYacwf 'DaeYtcgrSm vdktyfwmawG rsm;vm&if; rsm;vmae
awmh 0,fr,f0h ,f watt rsm;rsm;eJY power supply udk 0,foifh
w,fvdkY ajym&rSmyJ/
130 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
'gayr,hf watt rsm;vmjyDqdk&if enf;wmxufawmh aps;
ydak y;&ygvdrrhf ,f/ 'gudak wmh odxm;zdYk vrkd ,f/ yg0gqyfyvdik ;f
qdkwm ukd,fhuGefysLwmrSm wyfqifr,fh device awG b,f
avmuf rsm;rvJ? b,favmufokH;rvJqdkwJhtay: rlwnfyg
w,f/ 'Dawmh uGeyf sLwmrSm yg0gqyfyvdik ;f tok;H ukd b,fvkd
wGufcsufMunfhrvJ/
vG,v f , G u
f av;yg/ uGeyf sLwm pufpwifziG w hf thJ csed rf mS
starting power rSm 220 watts avmufqy JG gw,f/ 'gayr,fh
operation vkyfaewJh tcsdefrSmawmh wu,fhyg0gtokH;[m
120 watts avmufyJ &Sad wmhw,f/ 'gqd& k if uGeyf sLwm wpfv;kH
vH;k rSm usaewJh amper ratting b,favmuf&v dS J qdwk m wGuf
MunfhwJhtcg starting watt 220 udk input volt 220 v eJY
pm;&ygr,f? tajzu 1 A &Sdygw,f/
'gqdk&if 500 watts 0,frvm;? 450 watts 0,frvm;?
400 watts 0,frvm;? 300 watts 0,frvm;qdkwm bmvJ?
b,ftay:rSm rlwnfvJ/ 'guawmh apmapmu ajymcJhovdk
cifAsm; wyfqiftokH;jyKr,fh [mh'f0JawG b,favmuf&SdovJ
qdkwJhtay:rSm rlwnfygw,f/ Hard disk u ykHrSef wpfvkH;
wyf&muae av;vHk;avmuf wyfcsifw,f/ CD ROM u
oH;k vH;k avmufwyfcsifw,f/ Expension card awGuvJ &So d
rQ Expension card (Graphic, MODEM, Sound,
Network, SCSI, USB, IEEE1394..) ponfjzifh tukev f ;kH
wyfcsifw,f/ tJ'gqkd&ifawmh wattage Edkifatmif power
supply ukd watt BuD;wm 0,fu0 dk ,frS &ygr,f/ r[kw&f ifawmh
r&bl;/
uk, d phf ufu yg0gudk b,favmufo;Hk vdYk rvkaH vmufb;l vJ qdw k m
b,fvdk odEdkifrvJ/
tJ'g tvG,fwulodEkdifygw,f/ uGefysLwmokH;ae&if;
rD;tm;½kwfw&ufusoGm;vdkY uGefysLwm restart jzpfwmrsdK;
awGYz;l rSmyg/ wpfcgwav rD;tm; odoo d momuswm r[kwf
ygyJawmif jzpfwwfwmrsdK; &Sdygw,f/ Oyrm uGefysLwm
ok;H ae&if; avat;ay;pufziG w hf mrsdK;? wpfcgwpf&H wDAzGD iG w
hf m
rsdK;eJYawmif uGefysLwmu restart jzpfwwfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk
rsdK; jzpfwmawGu rsm;aomtm;jzifh yg0grvkHavmufvdkY jzpf
wm rsm;ygw,f/ wcsdKUqdk odomwmu rD;pufeYJ armif;ae&if;
rD;vmvdkY rD;csdef;vdkufwmeJY uGefysLwm restart jzpfoGm;wwf
ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk rD;rcsdef;cifrSm armfeDwmukd ydwfxm;&if puf
restart rjzpfawmhygbl;/
wpfcgwavus&ifawmh pufzGihfw,f/ bmrSrvmbl;/
Expension card wpfck qGJjzKwfvkdufw,f/ pufvmw,f/
f ? 2007 ckEpS f

'grSr[kwf tJ'D card r[kwfbl;? BudKufwJh expension card
jzKwfvu dk w
f ,f/ pufvmw,f/ tJvrkd sKd ;jzpfvmjyDq&kd if power
rvHkavmufrIaMumifhjzpfwm taotcsmygyJ/
tJ'Dawmh desktop casing rSm b,fvdk trsdK;tpm;ukd
a&G;cs,frvJ/ Tower Type eJYtwl AT okYd r[kwf ATX qdjk yD;
a&G;zdkY &Sdvmr,f/ tJ'DrSm olY&JU Form factor a&G;p&mu AT,
ATX yJ jzpf r ,f / tJ ' D a wmh ATX casing rS m ATX
Formfactor eJY power supply ygvmvdrhfr,f/ wpfcgwnf;
wGJvsufygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh wattage b,favmufvdkrvJ
qdkwm wGufcsufjyD; udk,fvdkcsifwJh wattage udk 0,fwyf½HkyJ
jzpfygw,f/
Storage device
'Dwpfcgawmh uRefawmfwdkYawG storage device eJY ywf
oufwJhtaMumif;udk pOf;pm;Munfhygr,f/ uGefysLwmrSm
secondary storage device taeeJY pOf;pm;r,fqkd&if hard
drive taMumif;u p&ygvdrr hf ,f/ uGeyf sLwmwpfv;Hk rSm hard
drive wpfvHk;ukd pdwful;eJY xnfhMunfh&atmifyg/ tJ'D hard
drive udk wyfwJhtcgus&if secondary storage device
qdkwJhtwGuf storage vkyfzdkYtwGuf? owif;tcsuftvuf
awG xnfhoGif; odrf;qnf;zdkYtwGufyJ &nf&G,fygw,f/ b,f
vdk owif;tcsuftvufawG odrf;vdkY &ygovJ/ Operating
system tygt0if Application, Utility, Database tukef
odrf;vkdY &ygw,f/
uGefysLwmawGrSm [mh'f'pfukd wyfwJhtcg wyfqif&wJh
ykHpHay: rlwnfjyD; [mh'f'pfrSm interface trsdK;rsdK; &Sdygw,f/
wpfcu k IDE vdYk vJ ac:w,f/ EIDE vkYd vaJ c:w,f/ aemuf
wpfckuawmh SATA interface qdkjyD;&Sdw,f/ 'ghtjyif SCSI
Interface (toHxGufzwfwJhtcg pumZDvdkY zwf&ygw,f)
qdkwm &Sdao;w,f/ EIDE udk PATA (parallel ATA) vdkY
ac:ao;w,f/
tck aemufydkif;rSm xGufjyD; tokH;rsm;vmwJh interface
u serial ATA jzpfygw,f/ SATA vdkY twdkaumuf ac:Mu
w,f/ SATA ukd pufwdkif;rSmawmh wyfvdkY r&ygbl;/ SATA
wyfcsif&if udk,f0,fr,fh motherboard rSmwJh chip set
jrihfzdkY vdkygw,f/ Chip set jrifh&ifawmh serial ATA udk
supporting vkyfw,f? okH;vdkY &Edkifygr,f/ SCSI ukdawmh
t&ifu yDpu D eG yf sLwmawGbufrmS odyrf ok;H Muygbl;/ yef;oD;
uGefysLwmawGrSmyJ tokH;rsm;ygw,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh aps;
u enf;enf;r[kwfbJ awmfawmfav;MuD;vdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/
jyD;awmh olYudk high end device (Server) awGrmS yJ oH;k avh&dS
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
f ? 2007 ckEpS f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
Muw,f/ PC (workstation) awG twGuq f &kd ifawmh oH;k wm
enf;ygw,f/ High end workstation jzpfwJh workstation
awGrmS oH;k w,f/ Performance uawmh EIDE xufyakd umif;
w,f/ aps;vnf; EIDE xufydkBuD;w,f/
Serial ATA
apmapmuajymcJhwJh Serial ATA eJY ywfoufjyD; enf;
enf; qufajym&atmifyg/ Serial ATA udk oHk;r,fqdk&if
serial ATA &JU aumif;wJhtcsufawG od&vdrhfr,f/ Serial
ATA u point to point connection jzpfygw,f/ tJ'g
aMumifhrkdY master wdkY slave wkdY r&Sdawmhbl;/ wpfzufxdyfu
controller wyfr,f/ aemufxy dw f pfcuk device qDomG ;r,f/
aemufwpfcg data physical wire 7 BudK;yJygw,f/ Parallel
ATA u 40 BudK;ygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh olu (Serial ATA)
BudK;ao;oGm;wJt h wGuf system xJrmS Air flow ydak umif;vm
w,f/ aemufwpfcg cable length 1 rDwmavmufxd &Sw d ,f/
Parallel ATA u 18 vufryJ &Sdw,f/ 'ghtjyif serial
ATA u hot swap &w,f/ Hot swap qdkwmu wjcm;
awmh r[kwfygbl;? [mh'f'pfukd jzKwfr,f? wyfr,fqdk&if
power udk Off vkyfay;p&mrvdkbl;? drive ukd interface
uae qGjJ zKwfwyfvYkd&w,f/ Data through put u parallel
ATA xuf 30avmuf ydkjrefvmw,f/ tckvuf&Sd data rate
u 150 MBps &Sdw,f/ Parallel ATA eJYa&m compatible
jzpfvm;? qdkvdkwmu t&ifwkef;u Parallel ATA [mh'f'pf
ta[mif;awGukd Serial ATA vdk okH;vdkY&ygovm;vdkY ar;&if
&w,f? jzpfw,fvdkY ajz&rSm jzpfygw,f/ Parallel ATA eJY
b,fvdk wGJoHk;EdkifovJqdkawmh serial bridge qdkwJh device
av; cHvkduf½HkygyJ/ udk,hfpufrSm Serial ATA rygbl;/ xnfh
csiwf ,f/ (used ;f aow,f? Pentium III rSm rygbl;/) xnhcf sif
w,fqdk&if Serial ATA PCI Expension adaptor wpfck
Mum;ucHjyD; wyfvkduf½HkygyJ/
131
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
[mh'f'pfxkwfvkyfol
aemufwpfcg pOf;pm;&rSm HDD twGuf manufacture
awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ IBM wdkY? Seagate wkdY? Maxtor wdkY trsdK;
tpm; awmfawmfav; rsm;ygw,f/ tck IBM u Hitachi
qdkwJh emrnfeJY xGufw,f/ tdkifbDtrfeJY bmrSruGmygbl;/
twlwyl gyJ/ Hitachi drive awGawGU&if tJ'g IBM u xkwf
wmyJvYkd rSwx f m;ay;yg/ ½k;d ½k;d tdro f ;Hk uGeyf sLwmawGrmS [mh''f pf
xkwfvkyfolukd odyfMunfhp&m rvdkayr,fh higher system
awG qifwJhtcgus&if xkwfvkyfolawGtrnfawGukd Munhf&
awmhr,f? MunfhzdkY vdkvmygw,f/ Hard drive awGeJY RAID
array vkyfwJhtcg tJ'D RAID array xJu wpfvHk;ysufoGm;
w,fqdkygawmh/ tJ'Dvdk jzpfwJhtcg awGUwJh? &&m drive 0,f
xnhfvdkY r&bl;/
Oyrm Seagate u 2GB eJY Western Digital u 2GB
,SOMf unf&h if 2 GB csi;f awmhww l m rSew f ,f/ 'gayr,hf format
csvkduf&if low level format rSm 'DESpfck&JU size u rwlbl;/
Seagate u 2 GB vkdYajymayr,hf format csvkduf&if 1.91 yJ
xGufw,f/ Western Digital u 2 GB vkdY ajymayr,hf
format csvkduf&if 1.96 yJxGufw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh rwlnDwJh
drive ESpfckudk RAID System rSm wGJokH;vkdYr&bl;/ Stand-
alone vHk;awGuawmh tJ'Dvdk wGJokH;vnf; jyóemr&Sdbl;/
&ygw,f/
aemufjyD;awmh Data transfer rate PIO &Sw d ,f/ DMA
(direct memory access) qdkwm&Sdw,f/ UDMA (Ultra
direct memory access) qdkwm &Sdw,f/ DMA qdkwm
owif;tcsut f vufawGudk wpfae&muae wpfae&m ajymif;
a&TU&mrSm CPU &JUvkyaf qmifru I rdk ok;H bJ memory ukd wku d ½f u
dk f
ul;ajymif;apwJh enf;ynm jzpfygw,f/ tcktcsdefrSmqkd&if
awmh UDMA yJ oH;k ygvdYk nTe;f csiyf gw,f/ UDMA rSmvnf;
mode trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f/ ATA/33 &Sdw,f/ olYudk mode 2 vkdY
ac:w,f/ owif;tcsuftvuf ajymif;a&TUwJh tjrefEIef;u
33 mbps txdyJ &Sdw,f/ ATA/66 ukdawmh mode 4 vkdY
ac:w,f/ owif;tcsuftvuf ajymif;a&TUwJh tjrefEIef;u
66 mbps txd &Edkifw,f/ Mode 3 qkdwm &Sdao;w,f/
olu udk;vkd;uefYvefY 44 mbps &Sdw,f/ tJ'gaMumihf y,f
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TUTORIAL 1234567890
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Step 1: Adobe Premiere xJodkU0ifí File > New Project Step 3: Video2 Track wGif &Sad eaom
Video Right 1234567890
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ESdyfí 1234567890
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window xJodkU rdrdtoHk;jyKvdkaom video File udk File Dialog box usvmonfhtcg
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> import jzifh ac:wifay;yg/ xdkUaemuf File New Titel Matte udk a&G;í
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xJodkU0ifí TITLE pm;om;wpfckudk zefwD;ay;yg/ yHkwGif 1234567890
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azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; Project window xJwGif Video 1234567890
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ESifh Title File ESpfck &Sd&ygrnf/ 1234567890
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Step 2: Timeline > Add video Track wGif click ESdyfí 1234567890
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Vidoe Track wpfck,lay;yg/ xdkUaemuf Project win- 1234567890
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dow xJrS video File udk Video2 Track xJodkUqGJxnfhí 1234567890
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Title File udk video 3 Track xJodkU qGJxnfhay;yg/ 1234567890
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Step 4 : Vidoe 2 Track Title&Sd Right click 1234567890
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ESdyfí
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dialog box wGif
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wGifclick ESdyfyg/
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wGif 120 ½dkufxnfhay;jyD;
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TUTORIAL
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File ay:wG i f tpd r f ; a&mif v d k i f ; ud k jrif a wG U &ygrnf /
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1234567890 Timeline xJwGif ALT + EditLine wGif Drag qGJjyD;
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ESdyfjyD; Dont Have, To Be , Boring qdkaom Title 3 ck
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xdkUaemuf yHkwGifjyxm;onfhtwdkif; Titles File rsm;udk
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 1234567890
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TUTORIAL
TUTORIAL 1234567890
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rSwfcsuf/ /*½dkufxm;aom Title File rsm;\ Position 1234567890
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ay:wGif rlwnfí x,y wefzdk;rsm;ajymif;vJEdkifygonf/ 1234567890
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Step 8: Video5 Track &Sd To Be pmom;ay:odUk Transform 1234567890
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Effect xnfhay;yg/ xkdUaemuf Enable Keyframe 1234567890
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Button wGif click ESdyfí yHkwGifjyxm;onfhtwdkif; Key- 1234567890
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frame 2 ck ,lay;yg/ 1234567890
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keyframe wefzdk;rsm;udk yHkwGif jyxm;onfhtwdkif; 1234567890
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Control Box xJwGif ½dkufxnfhay;yg/ jyD;vQif Preview 1234567890
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
f ? 2007 ckEpS f 1234567890
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 PHOTOSHOP jzwfvrf;enf;rsm;

cyfrIefrIef "mwfyHkwpfckudk ykdí xif&Sm; jywfom; yDjyif

atmif vkyfwJhenf;udk ajymjyr,f/

tqihf «2»
Filter > Noise > Median odkY oGm;jyD; atmufygwefzdk;
ay;yg/

tqihf «1»
"mwfyHkudk zGifhyg/ Ctrl+J udk ESdyfjyD; layer udk duplicate
yGm;yg/ Layer mode udk Screen odkY ajymif;yg/

138 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

tqihf «3» tqihf «5»
Layer mask zefwD;zdkY Layer palette u Add mask Filter > Others > High Pass udk oGm;jyD; radius udk
button udk uvpfESdyfyg/ tjrifhqHk;wefzkd;ay;yg/

tqihf «6»
awG tm;vHk;udk merge vkyfvkdufyg/ b,f
Layers
avmufxd xif&Sm; yDjyifvmw,fqkdwm rl&if;½kyfyHkeJY EIdif;,SOf
Munhfyg/

Before

tqihf «4»
Image> Apply Image udk oGm;jyD; atmufyg wefz;kd rsm;
oGif;yg/ (untitled -1 ae&mrSm udk,fzGifhwJh zdkif&JU trnf)

After

uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf 139

 Visual
Basic.Net ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Visual Basic.NET jzifh program a&;om;jcif; (2)

VB.NET Programming Language jzifh Application System. Console.WriteLine ("Programming") [k

trsKd;tpm; oHk;rsKd;jzpfonfh Console Application, Win-
dows Application ESifh Web Application wdkYtm; a&;om;
zefwD;EkdifaMumif;ESifh Console Application a&;om;yHkwdkYudk
(tykid ;f 1) wGif azmfjycJjh yD; jzpfygonf/ Console Application
Program wpfyk'fudk xyfrHazmfjyygrnf/
a&;om;xm;onfhtcgwGif Console screen ay:ü Pro-
gramming [k azmfjyygvdrfhrnf/ Program 2-1 udk Run
vdkufvQif awGUjrif&rnfh Output rSm

0 1 Module Module 2
02 Sub Main ( )
03 System.Console.WriteLine ("VB.NET")
04 System.Console.WriteLine ("Pro-
gramming")
05 End Sub
0 6 End Module
Program 2-1

VB.NET wGif Program Statements rsm;udk method xkd Program 2-1 udk a&;om;enf;yHpk H aemufxyfwpfrsKd;
wpfckcktwGif;wGif a&;om;&ygrnf/ Methods rsm;onf jzifh a&;om;jyygrnf/
vnf; Module odkYr[kwf Class wpfckcktwGif;wGif a&;om;
0 1 Imports System.Console
&ygonf/ 0 2 Module Module 3
,ck erlem program (program 2-1) wGif Line 03 ESifh 03 Sub Main ( )
04 WriteLine ("VB.NET")
04 wdkYonf program statements rsm; jzpfMuygonf/ xkd 05 WriteLine ("Programming")
program statements wdkYudk Main ( ) method twGif; xnhf 06 End Sub
0 7 End Module
oGif; a&;om;xm;ygonf/ Line 02 wGif &Sdaom Sub Main Program 2-2
( ) rSm Main ( ) method \ tpjzpfjyD; Line 05 wGif &Sdaom
End Sub rSm Main ( ) method \ tqHk;jzpfygonf/ erlem program 2-1 ESifh program 2-2 wdkY\ uGmjcm;
Program 2-1 \ program statements rsm;udk avhvmMunhf csufrsm;udk avhvmygrnf/
ygrnf/ xkd statements rsm;wGif WriteLine (....) qkdonfrSm Program 2-1 wGif a&;om;xm;aom enf;vrf;t&
VB.NET wGif &Sdxm;jyD;aom method wpfck jzpfygonf/ WriteLine ( ) method udk toHk;jyKwkdif; System. Console
xkd WriteLine ( ) method \ tvkyfrSm Console screen udk xnhfoGif;a&;om;&ygonf/ Program 2-2 wGif Imports
ay:wGif pmom;rsm; azmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ System. Con- System.Console [k a&;om;xm;aomaMumifh WriteLine
sole. WriteLine ("VB.NET") [k a&;om;xm;aomaMumifh ( ) method toHk;jyK&mwGif System.console ukd csefxm;cJh
Console Screen ay:wGif VB.NET [k azmfjyygvdrfhrnf/ EdkifjyD jzpfygonf/

140 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf


VB.NET wGif &Sxd m;ESijhf yD;aom methods rsm;udk toH;k
jyK&eftwGuf program statement a&;om;aomtcg ¤if;
method &Sd&m Class name ESifh xkd Class &Sd&m Namespace
name wdkYudk tqifhqifh xnhfoGif; a&;om;&ygonf/
System.Console.WriteLine ("VB.NET")

 Variable udk toHk;rjyKrD aMunmay;&ygonf/
Namespace Class Method
WriteLine ( ) method onf Console class twGif;
wGif &Sdaeygonf/ Console class onf System name-
space twGif;wGif &Sdygonf/ Console class twGif;wGif
WriteLine ( ) method tjyif tjcm;aom methods rsm;
vnf; &Sdygonf/ xkdYtwl System namespace xJwGifvnf;
Console class tjyif tjcm; class rsm;vnf; rsm;pGm &Sdyg
onf/ Namespace qkdonfrSm trsKd;tpm;wlaom Class
rsm;udk pkpnf;í trnfwpfck owfrSwfay;xm;jcif; oabm
yif jzpfygonf/ Namespace wpfckxJwGif classes rsm;&SdEkdif
ouJhodkY tjcm; Namespaces rsm;vnf; &SdaeEdkifygonf/
Namespace tm; Windows \ Folder oabmvnf;
jrifEkdifygonf/ Windows \ Folder wpfckxJwGif aemuf
wpfqifh Folder wpfck&SdEkdifouJhodkY Files rsm;vnf; &SdEkdif
ygonf/ Folder rsm;vnf; tqifhqifh &SdEdkifygonf/ Name-
space rsm;onfvnf; Folder rsm;uJo h Ykdyif tqifq
h ifh &SEd idk yf g
onf/ Namespace oabmw&m;tm; txufwGif &Sif;jycJh
onfhtwkdif; tMurf;tm;jzifh em;vnfxm;vQif tpydkif; avh
vmrItwGuf vHkavmufjyD jzpfygonf/ aemufykdif;wGif rdrd
ukd,fwkdif Class rsm;? Namespace rsm; a&;om;Edkif&ef azmfjy
oGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ aemufxyferlem program wpfyk'f
azmfjyygrnf/
0 1 Imports System.Console
0 2 Module Module4
03 Sub Main ( )
04 Dim m As String
05 m = "Hello Variable"
06 WriteLine(m)
07 Enb Sub
0 8 End Module
Program 2-3
Imports Statements Module ESifh Main ( ) method
uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
rsm;taMumif; &Sif;jyjyD; jzpfygonf/ ,ck erlem program
wGif variable wpfck toH;k jyKxm;ygonf/ Variable toHk;jyK
jcif;rSm program a&;om;&mwGif tvGet f ajccHusaom tydik ;f
vnf; jzpfygonf/ xkdodkY variable toHk;jyKjcif;rSm (Data
Value) wefzdk;rsm; rSwfom;&ef jzpfygonf/ rdrd rSwfom;vdk
aom wefzdk;trsKd;tpm;udk vdkufí variable aMunm&mwGif
tcsuftvufwefzkd; trsKd;tpm;udk owfrSwfay;&ygonf/
qkdvkdonfrSm rnfonfhpum;vHk;tm; variable trnf
tjzpf toHk;jyKrnf? rnfonfhwefzdk;trsKd;tpm;rsm; rSwfom;
rnfwdkYudk MudKwif a&;om;xm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ Line 04
wGif &Sad om Dim Statement rSm variable aMunmjcif; jzpfyg
onf/
Dim m As String




Keyword Variable Name Data Type
Variable aMunm&mwGif Dim keyword tm; OD;pGm
a&;om;&ygonf/ xdYk aemuf Variable name udk a&;om;&yg
rnf/ aemufqHk;wGif wefzdk;trsKd;tpm; (Data Type) udk
a&;om;&ygrnf/ ,ck erlem program wGif "m" rSm vari-
able name jzpfjyD; As String [k a&;om;xm;onfrmS wefz;dk
trsKd;tpm; (Data Type) jzpfygonf/ String qkdonfrSm
pmom;wefz;dk rsm;udk rSwof m;Ekid rf nfh wefz;kd trsKd;tpm; (Data
Type) jzpfygonf/
Line 05 wGif &Sad om m = "Hello Variable" rSm "Hello
Variable" qkad omwefz;dk tm; variable "m" xJwi G f xnho
f iG ;f
rSwfom;jcif; jzpfygonf/
Line 06 wGif WriteLine (m) [k a&;xm;ojzifh Variable
"m" twGif; rSwfom;xm;aom wefzkd;rsm;udk Write Line
( ) method u console screen ay:wGif azmfjyygvdrfhrnf/
xkd program \ output rSm
141
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Variables rsm; toHk;jyKxm;aom erlem program wpfyk'fudk 0 4 Dim a As Integer
0 5 Dim b As Integer
avhvmMunhfyg/ 0 6 Dim c As Integer

0 1 Imports System.Console xkdpmaMumif; oHk;aMumif;tpm; wpfaMumif;wnf; toHk;

0 2 Module module 5
03 Sub Main( ) jyKívnf; a&;om;Ekdifygonf/
04 Dim a As Integer Dim a As Integer, b As Integer, c As Integer
05 Dim b As Integer
06 Dim c As Integer Dim Keyword udk wpfMudrw f nf; toH;k jyKjyD; variable
07 a = 5 name ESifh Data Type rsm;udk (,) comma jzifh jcm;í pm
08 b = 6
09 c = a + b aMumif;wpfaMumif;wnf; a&;om;Ekid yf gonf/ aemufxyf yHpk H
10 WriteLine(a) wpfrsKd;rSm
11 WriteLine(b)
12 WriteLine(c) Dim a , b, c As Integer
13 End Sub Variable oHk;ckpvHk;\ Data Type rsm;rSm Integer jzpf
1 4 End Module
Program 2-4 ygonf/ tu,fí Data Type rwlaom variable rsm;udk
pmaMumif;wpfaMumif;wnf; aMunmrnfqkdygu atmufyg
,ck erlem program wGif variable oHk;ckudk toHk;jyK twdkif; a&;&ygrnf/
xm;ygonf/ Line no. 04, 05, 06 wkdYwGif variable rsm;tm; Dim a As Integer, b As Decimal, c As String
toHk;jyK&ef aMunmxm;ygonf/ a, b ESifh c wkdYrSm variable Data Type trsKd;rsKd; toHk;jyKxm;aom program tm;
name rsm; jzpfMujyD; ¤if;wdkY\ Data type rSm Integer jzpfyg qufvuf avhvmMunhfMuygrnf/
onf/ Integer data type jzifh aMunmxm;onfh variables
rsm;xJwGif udef;jynfhwefzdk;rsm;tm; rSwfom;Ekdifygonf/ 0 1 Imports System.Console
0 2 Module Module6
Line no. 07, 08, 09 wdYk wGif variable rsm;twGi;f wefz;dk 03 Sub Main ( )
rsm; toD;oD; xnhfoGif;xm;ygonf/ Line no. 07 wGif 04 Dim i As Integer = 7
05 Dim s As String = "Hello"
variable ''a'' twGi;f odYk ude;f jynh*
f Pef; ''5'' xnhx
f m;ygonf/
06 Dim d As Decimal = 6.23D
Line no. 08 wGif variable ''b'' twGif;odkY udef;jynhf*Pef;
07 Dim t As Date = #7/25/2007#
''6'' xnhfxm;ygonf/ Line no. 09 wGif variable ''a'' ESifh 08 WriteLine(i)
''b'' wdkY\ wefzkd;rsm; aygif;v'fukd variable '' c'' twGif;odkY 09 WriteLine(s)
10 WriteLine(d)
xnhfoGif;xm;ygonf/ 11 WriteLine(t)
Line no. 10, 11, 12 wkYd wi G f WriteLine ( ) method udk 12 End Sub
1 3 End Module
toHk;jyKí variable wefzdk;rsm;tm; Console screen ay: Program 2.5
wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ Program \ output rSm
,ck erlem program wGif variable av;cktoHk;jyKxm;
onfudk awGU&ygrnf/ xkdYtjyif variable aMunmjcif;ESifh
wefzkd;rsm; xnhfoGif;jcif;wdkYudk pmaMumif;wpfaMumif;wnf;
jzifh a&;om;xm;ygonf/
Line no. 04 wGif
Dim i As Integer = 7
[k a&;om;onfrSm variable aMunmí wefzdk; wpfcgwnf;
xnhfay;vkdufjcif; jzpfygonf/
Dim i As Integer
azmfjycJhjyD;aom erlem program wGif variable oHk;ck i= 7
aMunm&mü pmaMumif; oHk;aMumif; a&;om;cJh&ygonf/ [lí pmaMumif;ESpfaMumif; a&;om;jcif;uJhodkY jzpfygonf/

142 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf


Line no. 05, 06 ESihf 07 wkYdrmS vnf; Line no. 04 uJo
h Ykdyif
variable aMunmonfESifh wpfjydKifeufwnf; xkd variable
\ wefzkd;udk owfrSwfay;vkdufjcif; jzpfygonf/
Program wGif variable av;ckudk data type wpfrsKd;pD
toH;k jyKí aMunmxm;aomaMumifh data type av;rsKd; awGU&
ygrnf/ Integer data type rSm udef;jynfhwefzkd;rsm; rSwfom;
Ekdifaom variable aMunm&ef jzpfygonf/ String data type
rSm pmom;wefz;dk rsm; rSwo
f m;&ef jzpfygonf/ Decimal data
type rSm 'or*Pef;rsm; rSwfom;Edkif&eftwGufjzpfjyD; Date
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
data type rSm aeYpGJwefzdk;rsm; rSwfom;&ef jzpfygonf/ Data
type trsKd;rsKd;udk Z,m; (1) wGif MunhfEkdifygonf/
Variable rsm;twGi;f xnho f iG ;f &ef a&;om;xm;aom
wefzdk;rsm;udk Literal [k ac:ygonf/ ,ck program wGif 7,
''Hello", 6.23D ESihf #7/25/2007# wdYk rmS Literal rsm; jzpfMu
ygonf/ Programming Language \ owfrSwfxm;aom
pnf;urf;rsm;twkdif; ¤if; Literal rsm;udk a&;om;&jcif;vnf;
jzpfygonf/ VB.NET Language \ Literal a&;om;yHk
tao;pdwfudkvnf; Z,m; (2) wGif MunhfEkdifygonf/

Table -1 : Visual Basic .NET Data Type

Data Type Bytes Value

Boolean 4 True or False.

Byte 1 0 to 255.
Char 2 0 to 65, 535.
Date 8 January 1, 1 to December 31, 9999.
Decimal 12 +/-79, 228, 162, 514, 264, 337, 593,950,335 with no decimal point.
+/- 7.9228162512264337593543950335 with 28 places to the right of the
decimal point.
The smallest nonzero number would be a 1 in the 28th position to the
right of the decimal point.
Double 8 -1.797693134862231E308 to -4.94065645841247 for negative values to
4.94065645841247 to 1.797693134862231E308 for positive values.
Integer 4 -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,648.
Long 8 -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
Short 2 -32,768 to 32,767.
Object 4 An object can hold any variable type.
Single 4 -3.402823E38 to -1.401298E-45 for negative values to 1.401298E-45 to
3.402823E38 for positive values.
String 10+(2*Length) 0 to 2 billion Unicode characters (approximately).
User-defined Sum of the size Each member of the structure has a range determined by its data type
type (structure) of its members and independent of the ranges of the other members.

uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf 143

 Table -2 : Visual Basic .NET Literals
Data Type Literal Example

Boolean True, False Dim b As Boolean = False

Char C Dim c As Char = “X”C
Date ## Dim d As Date = #01/01/2001#
Decimal D Dim d As Decimal = 6.14D
Double Any floating point number, or R Dim d As Double = 6.14
Integer An integral value in the range of Dim i As Integer = 362
type Integer Dim i As Integer = &H6AI
(-2147483648 to 2147483647) (hexa decimal)
Dim i As Integer = &O552I
(octal)
Long An integral value outside the range of Dim l As Long = 362L
type Integer Dim l As Long = &H6AL
(-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to - (hexa decimal)
2,147,483,649, or Dim l As Long = &O553L
2,147,483,648 to (octal)
9,223,372,036,854,775,807), or L
Short S Dim s As Short = 362S
Dim s As Short = &H6AS
(hexa decimal)
Dim s As Short = &O552S
(octal)
Single F Dim s As Single = 6.14F
String "" Dim s As String = "This is a string"

Line no. 08, 09, 10 ESifh 11 wdkYrSm variable rsm;\ wefzdk;rsm;udk Console screen ay:wGif azmfjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
Program \ output rSm

xGe;f Zmenfausmf
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

144 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

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0if;'dk;Apfpfwm ed'gef;
A PROLOGUE TO WINDOWS VISTA

tydkif; (1)? tcef; (2)?

The Desktop, Sidebar, and Other Windows
Vista Goodies

Starting and Stopping in Windows Vista

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166 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv

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Organizing Your Desktop
omreftm;jzifh vlwdkif;avmuf eD;eD;u rdrd\ desk-
top uGefysLwmudk tvsm;vdkuf jrifuGif;taetxm;jzifh
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv

f ? 2007 ckEpS f 167
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"mwfyHkav;rsm;jzifh qif,ifxm;ay;onf/)
Start menu: Taskbar \ b,fbuf tpGeftzsm;wGif start
menu cvkwf &Sdaeapygonf/ pm;aomufqdkifwGif
pm;yGJay:ü jrifawGU&avh&Sdonfh &Edkifaom tpm;tpmjy
pm&if;wpfckuJhodkY y½dk*&rfrsm;udk a&G;cs,f,lEdkif&ef zGihfjy
xm;ygvdrhfrnf/
168 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
Sidebar: Windows Vista pwufvmjyD; toihf jzpfonfEi
S fh
sidebar udk jrifawGUMu&rnf/ Desktop \ nmbuf
abmifwGif uyfvsuf wnf&Sdaeygvdrhfrnf/ &moDOwk
cefYrSef; wifjycsufrsm; search boxes rsm;ESihf Sudoku
games rsm;uJo h Ykdaom customized gadgets av;rsm;ESihf
xdvG,faom yHkpHjyKum xm;&Sday;onf/
Recycle Bin: toH;k rvkad wmhonfh files rsm;? folder rsm;udk
Recycle bin xJwGif pGefYypfEdkifonf/ ¤if;udk desktop
\ b,fbuf tay:axmihw f iG f tdro
f ;kH trIu
d jf cif;ozG,f
icon av;jzihf xm;&Sday;onf/
Desktop jrifuGif;udk toHk;cs&mwGif pdwfxJwGif pGJrSwf od&Sd
ae&ef stuff tcsKdU&Sdaeygao;onf/ Worksheet topfwpfck
odkYr[kwf presentation topfwpfck journal entry topf
uJo h Ykdaom vkyaf qmifp&m vkyif ef;opfwpfcuk kd desktop ay:rS
wdu k ½f u
kd f pwifEikd o
f nf/ Desktop ay:wGif right-click vkyf
jyD; New udk a&G;onft h cg xGuaf y:vmonfh menu rS y½d*k &rf
jzifh rdrd\ pdwful;udk taumiftxnf azmf,lEdkifaponf/
(tjrefqHk;ESifhtvG,fqHk;y½dk*&rfwpfckudkzGihf,ljcif;jzpfonf/)
vufwt
Ykd ñTe;f
Desktop ay:wGif prf;w0g;0g;jzifh pointer av;udk
[dka&TU? 'Da&TU vkyfrdolrsm;twGuf t&m0w¬K wpfckck
ay:odkY pointer a&mufoGm;onfESihf ¤if;onf rnfonhf
t&mjzpfaMumif; box av;wpfckjzifh Windows Vista u
azmfjy ajymqdkvmygvdrhfrnf/ rdrd twGuf taxmuftul
&&SdEdkifrnfh menu av;rsm;ozG,f tjrnf;pum; ajymMum;
ay;rnfhyHkpH jzpfonf/ t&m0w¬Kqdk&mwGif desktop ay:&Sd
icon rStp trSwftom; tm;vHk;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf/
owdjyK&ef
icons rSeforQonf desktop ay:rS ½kwfw&uf
azsmufzsufay;onfh taetxm;rsKd; &Sd wwf onf/
azsmufzsufonf qdk&mü rnfonhft&mrQ rusefawmhonf
txd jzpfonf/ icons rsm;udk jyefac:vdkonfhtcg desk-
top ay:wGif right-click ESy
d jf yD; xGuv
f maom menu rS view
udk a&G;cs,fESdyfvdkufonfESihf rlv obm0twdkif; jyefa&muf
vmrnf jzpfonf/ þae&mwGif Show Desktop Icons wGif
yg&SdaerI tajctaeudk ppfaq;xm;&SdjyD;jzpf&ef vdktyf
onf/
f ? 2007 ckEpS f

Finding Visual Cues on the Taskbar
Windows Vista toH;k jyKjcif;tm;jzihf ydr
kv
kd ,
G u
f rl I tcGifh
tvrf;wpfcktjzpf &&SdEdkifrnfh taetxm;wpf&yf &Sdygonf/
y½dk*&rfrsm;ESihf windows rsm; wpfckudkwpfck tkyfaeojzihf
ae&mcsay;&ef tcuftcJrsKd; MuHKawGUavh &Sdwwfygonf/
¤if;udk taskbar jzihf ajz&Sif;,lEdkifrnf jzpfonf/ Fig-
ure 2-3 wGif jrifawGU&ouJhodkY omreftaetxm;rsm;wGif
taskbar udk desktop \ atmufajcabmifEi S fh uyfvsuf tae
txm;wGif wnf&Sdaernfom jzpfonf/ wu,fwrf;rSm
rnfonfhabmifESihf uyfvsufrqdk xm;&SdEdkifonf/ (taskbar
udk drag vkyfí xm;vdkonfhae&mwGif xm;Edkifonf/ xdkodkY
drag vkyf,lí r&cJhvQif taskbar tay: pointer axmufí
right-click udk ESdyfjyD; lock udk click vkyfvdkuf&onf/
azmfjyxm;&Sdaom check mark udk jyefwifjcif;jzifh ajymif;a&TU
,lEdkifonf/)
2-3 : taskbar ay:rS vuf&Sd vnfywfxm;apaom
y½dk*&rftwGuf vdktyfonfh y½dk*&rfcvkwfudk click
vkyf,l&onf/
Taskbar ay:wGif yg0ifvsuf &Sdaom y½dk*&rfrsm;\
thumbnail image wpfckjzihf jyqdkrIudk Munfh&ef Figure 2.3
wGif jyxm;onhftwdkif; rdrd toHk;jyKvdkaom y½dk*&rfay:odkY
mouse pointer udk axmufum click vkyfí zGihf,l&onf/
vuf&dS toH;k jyKaeonhf y½d*k &rfjzpfonfw
h ikd f xyfziG í
fh &Edik yf g
onf/
Figure 2-3 wGif Munfh½Iaomtcg Paint Shop Pro
cvkwfonf tjcm; cvkwfrsm;xuf ay:ay:xifxif ta&mif
&ihf&ihfjzihf jrifawGUEdkifygonf/ taMumif;rSm ¤if;onf
xdktcsdefwGif vuf&Sd toHk;jyKaeaom desktop ay:rS win-
dows jzpfaomaMumihf jzpfonf/ vuf&Sd toHk;rjyKao;aom
y½dk*&rf cvkwfrsm;xuf avmavmq,f toHk;jyKaeonfh
y½dk*&rf cvkwfrsm;u xdkodkY ta&mif&ihf&ifhjzihf tpOfjrifawGU
Edkifygvdrhfrnf/
Taskbar rS zGihfoHk;xm;aom windows rsm;twGuf
atmufyg pm&if;twdkif; tpGrf;xufaom magic tae
txm;jzihf &GufaqmifapEdkifonf/
uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
f ? 2007 ckEpS f
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
vufwt
Ykd ñTe;f
taskbar ay:wGif pm&if;yg y½dk*&rf wpfckudk cif;jy
ap&ef ¤if;\trnfudk click vkyfvdkuf&onf/ Win
dows ay:xGufvmonfhtcg tjcm; zGifhxm;aom windows
rsm;\ tay:qHk;wGif tqifoihf taetxm;jzihf a&mufvm
rnf jzpfonf/
taskbar ay:wGif pm&if;yg window wpfckudk ydwf&ef trnf
ay:wGif right-click vkyyf gu xGuv f monfh menu rS close
udk a&G;cs,fay;vdkuf½Hkom &Sdonf/ y½dk*&rfrS xGufvdkvQifrl
Exit udk a&G;vdu
k &f rnf/ (y½d*k &rfu xGuaf wmhrnf[k jyifqif
onfh tcgwdkif; rdrdvkyfvufprsm;tm; save vkyf&ef owd
ay;ygvdrhfrnf/)
tu,fí taskbar udk rjrifawGU&ygu screen \ atmufajc
rS taskbar \ jrifawGUae&aom tpav;udk armufpf toH;k jyK
í drag vkyfum tay:odkY qJGwif ,lMunfhEdkifonf/ (xdkodkY
jzpf&jcif;rSm taskbar twGuf lock udk a&G;cs,fxm;rdaom
aMumihfom jzpfonf/)
Shrinking Windows to the taskbar and
retrieving them
Windows MuD;onf window av;rsm;udk arG;xkwf
ay;avh &Sdonf/ Desktop ay:wGif rdrd od&Sdvdkaom win-
dows av;udk ppfaq;&eftwGuf window control tjzpf
½dk;½dk;&Sif;&Sif;av; ay;xm;onf/ Screen MuD;ay:rS ao;i,f
aom cvkwfav;rsm;tjzpf taskbar ay:odkY ydkYxm;ay;rnfh
vkyif ef;pOfjzpfonf/ ¤if;udk minimize cvkw[f k ac:qdok nf/
Windows wdkif;\ nmbuf tay:axmihfwGif cvkwf
oHk;ck ygpjrJ jzpfonf/ ¤if;rS Minimize cvkwfudk ESdyf,ljcif;
jzifh windows av;udk taskbar ay:odkY odrf;vdkufEdkifonf/
Minimize cvkwfay:rStaMumif; odxm;p&mrsm; &Sdae
ygao;onf/
Minimized vkyfjyD; taskbar ay:odkY a&mufaeaom
windows tm; jyefvnfí screen ay:odkY a&mufvmvdkygu
Taskbar rS ¤if;\trnfudk click vkyfay;vdkuf½Hkom &Sdonf/
taskbar ay:rS cvkwfwpfckpDonf rdrdukd,fpm;jyK ay;
xm;onfh y½dk*&rf trnfrsm;udk azmfjyxm;avh&Sdonf/
tu,fí tqdkyg cvkwfav;wpfckay:odkY pointer wifvdkuf
onfESihf y½dk*&rf\ thumbnail photo av;udk vista u
jyay;ygvdrhfrnf/
Window wpfckudk minimize vkyfaomtcg contents
rsm; ysufpD;oGm;jcif; r&SdapouJhodkY y½dk*&rfudkvnf; ydwfoGm;
169
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
jcif;r&Sdapay/ Taskbar ay: a&muf&Sdaeaom trnfav;udk
click vkyfvdkufonfESifh rlvy½dk*&rfESihf twl rlv contents
rsm; vuf&mrysuf jyefa&mufvmapygonf/
y½dk*&rfwpfckudk qGJwif,lonfh tcgwdkif; y½dk*&rf\
trnf tvdktavsmuf taskbar ay:wGif ay:xGufvmap
onf/ Screen ay:wGif r&Sdí aysmufqHk;aeonfh tcgwdkif;
tjyD;tydkif aysmufqHk;oGm;jcif;r[kwfay/ Taskbar ay:rS
trnfudk click vkyf&if; jyefwif,lEdkifygonf/ xdkodkY jyefac:
vdkufonfh tcgwdkif; tay:qHk;rS ay:vmay;onf/
Clicking the taskbar's sensitive areas
Figure 2-4 wGif jrifawGU&onfhtwdkif; taskbar \
nmbuf tzsm;pGef;em;wGif&Sdaom icons rsm; vdkonfh ae&m
udk notification area [k rSw,
f x
l m;Edik yf gonf/ xd{k &d,mwGif
Clock, Arrows, Speaker ESihf tjcm; icons rsm; &Sdaewwf
onf/
Clock: mouse pointer tm; clock ay:odYk xm;vdu k o
f nfEiS hf
windows Vista rS vuf&Sd&ufpGJESifh tcsdef twdtusudk
azmfjyay;onf/ tcsdefESihf &ufpGJ vJGrSm;aeí ajymif;,l
vdkonf jzpfap? second time zone wpfck zefwD;
vdkonfjzpfap clock ay:wGif double-click vkyfvdkuf
vQif Windows Vista rS time/date change program
udk qihfac:ay;onf/
Arrows: wpfcgwpf&H taskbar rS zHk;uG,fxm;aom t&mrsm;
&Sdaeap wwfygonf/ tqdkyg arrows ao;ao;udk
click vkyfvdkufvQif zHk;uG,fxm;onfh icons rsm; ab;
odkY ajy;xGufvmum jyay;ygvdrhfrnf/
Speaker: Speaker icon ao;ao;av;udk click vkyfum
sound card \ volume udk csdefn§d,lEdkifonf/ Dou-
ble-click vkyfygu sound-mixing panel wpfckudk
csay;ygvdrhfrnf/
Orher icons: tjcm; icons rsm;onf clock \ ab;wGif
rMumcP ay:vmonfh tajctaersKd;rsm;vnf; &SdEdkifyg
onf/ Oyrmtm;jzihf rdrdonf y&ifhxkwfaeonfqdkygpdkY/
printer icon av; tqdkyg ae&mwGif ay:aeygvdrhfrnf/
Laptop qdkygu battery-power-level gauge av;
&Sdaeygvdrhfrnf/ tqdkyg icons av;rsm;udk double-
click vkyfvdkufvQif ¤if;wdkYESifh ywfoufonfh vuf&Sd
tajcjy information rsm; tao;pdwfudk Vista u
xkwfjyay;rnf jzpfonf/
170 uGeyf sLwm*sme,f Mo*kwv
vufwdkYtñTef;
Black part: taskbar wpf a vQmuf w G i f bmrQ
cif;jyjcif;r&Sdonfh ae&mvGwfrsm; &Sdaernfjzpfonf/
tqdkyg ae&mvGwfwGif taskbar u menu tcsKdUudk zHk;uG,f
xm;onf/ Windows av;rsm; tm;vH;k udk tvsifpvdk jyefziG fh
,lvdkvQif tqdkyg ae&mvGwf wpfae&m&mudk right-click
vkyv f u
kd of nft h cg xGuvf monfh menu rS show udk a&G;cs,f
ESdyfay;vdkuf½Hkjzihf vdktifqE´ jynhf0oGm;apygvdhrfrnf/
Introducing the Sidebar
armfew
D mt&G,t f pm; MuD;MuD; toH;k jyKolrsm;onf Vista
\ sidebar opfudk tm;&0rf;om MudKqdkcGihf &Murnf jzpf
onf/ Desktop \ nmbuftpGefwpfavQmufwGif gadget-
packed strip wpfcjk zpfonf/ armfew D mt&G,t f pm; ao;ao;
toHk;jyKolrsm;taejzihfrl tqdkyg sidebar aMumifh ae&m,l
xm;rIonf taESmifht,Sufwpfcktjzpf jrifaumif; jrifEdkifyg
vdrhfrnf/
Sidebar ESifh ywfouforQ tm;vHk;udk jrifawGUvdkygu
ab;wGif jyxm;aom blue screen icon ao;ao;av;ukd
right-click vkyv f u kd &f onf/ ¤if;onf desktop ay:rS clock
\ ab;wGif icon-packed area taejzihf xm;&Sdygonf/
¤if;rS Show Sidebar udk a&G;cs,fESdyfvdkuf½Hkom &Sdonf/
Windows Vista MuD;\ built-in Gadget tpkta0;udk
jrifawGU&ef Sidebar \ tay:ydkif; tzsm;em;wGif &Sdaeaom
+ (plus sign) av;udk click vkyfvdkuf&onf/ Window
wpfck ay:xGufvmjyD; clock wpfckESifh slide-show udk
cGihfjyKxm;ay;onf/ Gadget bHkqDodkY a&muf&ef Get More
Gadgets Online udk click vkyf,l&onf/ Web sit wpfcku
Gadgets awG trsm;tjym;&Sdum aumuf,lEdkifonf/
xdyfqHk;wGif Sudoku game gadget udk xm;vdku
xm;Edkifonf/ drag vkyfí ae&ma&TUxm;Edkifonf/ Sidebar
wGif&Sdaeonfh gadgets rsm;udk desktop ay:odkYyif drag
vkyf a&TU,lEdkifygonf/
Gadget twGuf setting rsm;udk ajymif;vdu k ajymif;xm;
Edik o
f nf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh rdrd slide show wGif ay:xGuv f m&ef
"mwfyHkrsm; a&G;,lwmrsKd; vkyfEdkifygonf/ Gadget pointer
axmufí check mark ao;ao;av;udk click ay;vdkufvQif
ay:vmygvdrhfrnf/ Gadget udk vHk;vHk; z,fxkwfvdkygu X
ao;ao;av;udk click vkyfvdkuf½Hkom jzpfonf/
qufvufazmfjyay;ygO;D rnf/
OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D
f ? 2007 ckEpS f
 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm

JAVA DEVELOPER GUIDE

Chapter (4)

4.6 DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORKS

NyD;cJhwJh oifcef;pmawGudk ykdYcsay;pOfrSm xl;jcm;wmudk uJ t&ifqHk; Listing 4.6 taeeJY a&;om;xm;wJh pro-
oGm;awGU&ygw,f/ tJ'guawmh t&if programming tajccH gram udkt&if avhvmMu&atmif/
awGudk oifMum;ykdYcspOfwkef;u avhvmrI r&SdcJhbJeJY Swing
& AWT components awGukd ykYd csay;wJt h cgrSom Mum;jzwf Listing 4.6 Demonstrate the SimpleFrame.
avhvmwJholawG &Sdygw,f/ trSefuawmh b,f Language java
rSmrqkd tajccHupNyD;awmh avhvmrSomvQif trSefwu,f 1 . import javax.swing.JFrame;
2.
wwfajrmufrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u 3 . public Class SimpleFrame extends JFrame
awmh olwYkd twGuf tqifajyr,fh tcef;u@awGuae pwif {
4 . public SimpleFrame(){
NyD;awmh avhvmaeMuygw,f/ tJ'Dvkd Mum;jzwf avhvmol 5 . super("Frame Title");
awGtwGuf oufqkdif&m Chapter Index awGrSm Code_File 6 . setSize(300,200);
7 . setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT
awG a&;enf;? Save & Exit vkyfenf;? Command_Line _ON_CLOSE);
Interface xJudk 0ifa&mufNyD;awmh DIR ajymif;enf;? NyD;awmh
8 . setVisible(true);
Compile & Run vkyfenf; pwmawGudk oufqkdif&m tcef; 9. }
wkdif;rSm xnhfoGif; a&;om;cJhygw,f/ 10. public static void main(String args[]{
11. SimpleFrame sf = new SimpleFrame ( );
'DtcgrSmawmh Java &JU Swing Package udk ac:,ltoH;k 12. }
jyKvdkY&wJh JFrame and JWindows taMumif;udk r&Sif;vif; 13.
14. }
bJ a&maxG;aeMuwmudk awGYvm&ygw,f/ trSefuawmh
uRefawmfhbufu &Sif;vif;wJhtcgrSmvnf; JFrame_Win- Analysis
dows vdkY ac:a0: a&;om;cJhwJhtwGufygyJ/ 'gaMumifh ta&; 1/ 'D program [m omref JFrame wpfcuk kd wnfaqmufwhJ
rBuD;avmufbl;vdkY xifNyD;awmh csefvSyfxm;cJhwJh JFrame program_code line av;awGygyJ/ Complex jzpfNyD;
and JWindows taMumif;udk uRefawmfhtaeeJY owdxm;NyD; awmh rSm;,Gif;p&m bmrQ ryg0ifygbl;/ 'D program &JU
awmh &Sif;vif; ydkYcsay;&awmhwmygyJ/ twdtusajym&&if xdyfrSm-
awmh uReaf wmft h aeeJY JFrame_Windows vkYd ac:a0:ayr,fh
wu,fwrf;usawmh JFrame eJY JWindows [m vH;k 0 rwlMu import javax.swing.JFrame;
ygbl;/ 'gaMumifh tvG,t f aeeJY sample programs i,fav;
ESpfckudk toHk;jyKNyD;awmhrS JFrame eJY JWindows eJYudk &Sif; qkdwJh package file udk import vkyfNyD;awmh ac:,lyg
vif; ykdYcsay;yghr,f/ w,f/ tJ'Daemuf SimpleFrame qkdwJh primary class

uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf 171

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
udk vdkif;eHygwf (3) rSm a&;om;ygw,f/ JFrame class
udk extends vkyfxm;wmaemf/ owdxm;Munfhyg/ wpf
enf;ajym&&ifawmh JFrame wpfcu k kd zefw;D &,lrmS jzpfvYkd
JFrame class udk extends vkyfwmvdkY ajym&ifvnf;
rrSm;ygbl;/ tJ'Daemuf Super ( ) method ukd toHk;cs
NyD;awmh JFrame &JU title bar rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom;ukd
zefwD; a&;om;ygw,f/ 'g[m JFrame class xJu
constructor ( ) method udk trSjD yKNyD;awmh a&;om;xm;
wmygyJ/ [kwfNyDaemf/
2/ NyD;awmh Setsize ( ) method udk toH;k csNyD;awmh JFrame
&JU Width & Height t&G,ftpm;udk zefwD; a&;om;yg
w,f/ 'DtcgrSm ajymp&m&Sdwmuawmh-
• Set the size of the frame's windows,
in pixels.
vdYk qkx
d m;wmygyJ/ Width & Height udk a&;om;xm;wJh
tcgrSm Pixels in Size eJY wGufcsufNyD;awmh a&;om;
wmygyJ/ 'D program rSmawmh JFrame &JUt&G,t f pm;udk
300 x 100 pixels in size eJY wGufcsufNyD;awmh zefwD;
xm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Setsize (300, 100) vdYk a&;om;
xm;wmygyJ/
xyfrHNyD;awmh &Sif;jy&r,fh code_line uawmh Set-
Default CloseOperation ( ) method ygyJ/ uJ 'gudk
r&Sif;jycifrSm JFrame eJY ywfoufNyD;awmh avhvmMu&
atmif/ JFrame rSmqkd&if maximize, minimize and
close button awG[m title bar rSm user's control
taeeJY yg0ifygw,f/ Java Language rSmawmh vuf&Sd
Run aewJh Application wpfckudk Run ae&muae
&yfypfcsifw,fqkd&ifawmh zefwD;xm;wJh JFrame udk
SetDefaultClose Operation ( ) method eJY aygif;pyf
NyD;awmh ac:,l toHk;cs&rSmygyJ/ tJ'D method &JU
arguments ae&mrSm atmufyg static variables (4) ck
xJu wpfckckudk ac:,l toHk;cs&rSmygyJ/
• EIXT_ON_CLOSE - Exit the program
when the frame is
closed.
• DISPOSE _ON_CLOSE - Close the frame,
dispose of the
frame object, and
keep running the
application.
• DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE - Keep the frame
open and continue
running.
• HIDE_ON_CLOSE - Close the frame and
continue running.
uJ tp&SdwJh method xJu rdrdvdktyfwJh featurtes udk
ac:,l toHk;cs&rSmygyJ/ uRefawmfuawmh vuf&Sd program
tygt0if program tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm EXIT_ON_CLOSE
udyk J ac:,ltoH;k csxm;ygw,f/ 'g[m toH;k jyKaewJh JFrame
udk ydwfypfzdkYtwGufyJayghaemf/ 'gqkd&if &Sif;NyDaemf/
3/ NyD;awmh setvisible (true) method udk ac:,l toHk;cs
xm;ygw,f/ 'g[m JFarme udk display vkyfay;zdkY
twGufygyJ/ NyD;awmh main ( ) functions udk a&;om;
xm;ygw,f/ Main ( ) function xJrSm
SimpleFrame sf = new SimpleFrame ( );
qkdNyD;rS tay:u zefwD;cJhwJh class udk object tjzpf
ajymif;vJ ac:,l toH;k csvdu k w
f mygyJ/ vdik ;f eHygwf (11)
rSmyg/
uJ tck oifMum;cJwh hJ Listing 4.6 u Sample Program
[m JFrame wpfck zefw;D wnfaqmufwmudk Demonstrate
vkyfjyxm;wmygyJ/ tJ'D code_line awGudk Notepad xJrSm
½dkufoGif;NyD;awmh C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin &JU atmufrSm
Simple-Frame. java qkdNyD;awmh File_Name ay;NyD;awmh
save vkyfyg/ tJ'D save vkyfxm;yHkukd figure 4.20 taeeJY
a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/
Figure 4.20 Write the program code_line in the
Notepad, SimpleFrame.java
uJ NyD;&ifawmh Command_Line interface xJukd 0ifNyD;
awmh Compile & Run vkyfMunhfMu&atmif/ Start
All
programs
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Command prompt xJukd
0ifNyD;awmh Compile & Run vkyf&rSmyg/ uJ Command
prompt yGifhvmNyDqkd&if atmufyg Command eJY DIR udk
ajymif;yg/

172 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf

 uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
CD C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin import javax.swing.JWindow;
DIR [m C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin tjzpf ajymif;vJoGm;&if qkwd hJ package file udk import & Declar vky&f rSmygyJ/ 'gay
atmufyg command eJY clear screen vkyfyg/ r,fh JFrame rSmvdkrsKd; titles, closing a window tp&SdwJh
CLS features awGuawmh JWindow rSm ryg0ifygbl;/ 'Dawmh
[kwfNyDaemf/ tJ'DtcgrSm atmufyg command eJY program Listing 4.23 udk a&;om;NyD;awmh oifMum;ydkYcsay;yghr,f/
udk compile vkyfyg/ Command udk a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ Program udk run vdkuf&if window wpfck[m command_
javac SimpleFrame.java line windows xJrSm vmNyD;awmh open vmvkyfygr,f/ tJ'D
compile vkyvf u
kd v
f Ykd error r&Sad wmhb;l qk&d if atmufyg com- tcgrSm 10,000 integers awG[m command_line window
mand eJY run vkyfvkdufyg/ xJrSm t&ifvmNyD; jyygvdrhfr,f/ NyD;&ifawmh zefwD;xm;wJh
java SimpleFrame JWindow application [m ydwfoGm;rSmyg/ 'Dawmh JWin-
tJ'DvkdrsKd; Compile & Run vkyfyHkukd Figure 4.21 taeeJY dow eJY ywfoufwJh application wpfckudk zefwD;MunfhMu&
a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/ atmifvm;/ 'Dawmh Listing 4.7 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyxm;wJh
sample program udk avhvmMunfhMu&atmif/

Listing 4.7 Demonstrate the SimpleWindow.

java
1 . import javax.swing.JWindow;
2.
3 . public class simpleWindow extends
JWindow{
4 . public SimpleWindow(){
5. super( );
Figure 4.21 Compile & Run of the 6. setBounds(250, 225, 300, 150);
SimpleFrame.java 7. }
8.
9 . public static xoid main (String []
uJ [kwfNyDav/ Compile & Run vkyfvdkufvdkY error arguments){
10. SimpleWindow SW = new SimpleWindow();
r&Sdawmhbl; qkdygpkdY/ atmufygtwkdif; SimpleFrame.java 11. sw.setVisible (true);
qkdwJh program [m vmNyD;awmh azmfjyay;aerSmygyJ/ 12. for (int, i = 0, i < 1000; i + +)
13. System.out.print (i + " ");
14. sw.setVisible(false);
15. System.exit(0);
16. }
17.
18. }
Analysis
1/ 'D program rSm import javax.swing.JWindow; qkNd yD;
Declare vkyfxm;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh SimpleWindow
qkdNyD; primary class udk zefwD; a&;om;ygw,f/ a&;
Figure 4.22 Run the SimpleFrame.java om;&mrSm swing package xJrSmyg0ifwJh JWindows
class udk extends vkyfxm;wmyg/ vkdif;eHygwf (4) rSm
uJ 'Dawmh JFrame udk avhvmMunhfNyD;NyDqkd&if JWin- awmh SimpleWindow ( ) constructor function udk
doweJY ywfoufwmudk qufvuf avhvmMunh& f atmifvm;/ a&;om;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh super ( )method udk ac:,l
JWindow [m JFrame eJY tvkyfvkyfwm twlwleD;yg;ygyJ/ NyD;awmh toHk;csygw,f/ tck toHk;cswJh super ( )
wlnDw,fvdkY rajymbl;aemf/ qifwlwmyg/ tJ'D JWindow method [m JWindow class xJrSm yg0ifwJh super
[mvnf; Swing Component ygyJ/ olYukd zefwD; toHk;jyK ( ) method ygyJ/ uJ NyD;awmh SetBounds ( ) method
r,fqkd&if udk ac:,lNyD;awmh toHk;csygw,f/ 'gaMumifh

uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf 173

uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
SetBounds (250, 225, 300, 150,); uJ tck a&;om;&Sif;jycJhwJh code_line awGudk Notepad
    xJrSm oGm;NyD;awmh ½dkufoGif;yg/ tJ'Dvkd code_line awG a&;
x y om;xm;yHkudk atmufu Figure 4.23 rSm a&;om; azmfjyxm;
position position width Height ygw,f/
vdkY a&;xm;wmygyJ/
tck uRefawmf a&;jycJhovkdygyJ/ ta&SUu
arguments 1 = x
arguments 2 = y
arguments 3 = Width
arguments 4 = Height qkNd yD;rS owfrw
S x
f m;wm jzpfyg
w,f/ pmzwfol zefwD;csifwJh JWindow t&G,t f pm;twkid ;f
zefwD;&,lvdkY &ygw,f/

Note : C & C + + programmer awGuawmh atmufyg

yHkpHtwkdif; Windows &csifw,fqkd&ifayghaemf/ atmufrSm
code_line av;awGeJY zefwD;&,lvdkY&Ekdifwmudk odNyD;om;jzpf Figure 4.23 Write the program Code_Line in
Notepad, SimpleWindow.java
rSmyg/ avhvmMunhfyg/
#include(conio.h) Notepad xJrSm code_line awG ½dkufoGif;NyD;oGm;&if
main ( )
{ window (20, 10, 60, 20); textback-
C:\ j2sdk1.4.1_01\ bin atmufrSm SimpleWindow. java
groundcolor(7); clrscr( ); vdkY trnfay;NyD;awmh save vkyfyg/ tJ'Dawmh file udk save
getch ( );
}
vkyfNyD;oGm;&if command_line window xJudk 0ifNyD;awmh
tJ'D code_line av;udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh run vdkufr,fqkd&if atmufygtwkdif; DIR ajymif;yg/
CD C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin ↵
aygh/ yl;wGaJ zmfjyxm;wJh figure u yHt
k wkid ;f yJ command.line
window xJrSm windows i,fav; vmNyD;awmh azmfjyay;ae uJ DIR ajymif;oGm;NyDqkd&if atmufyg command eJY com-
rSmygyJ/ xm;ygawmh/ 'guawmh OyrmtaeeJY EIid ;f ,SOjf ywmyg pile vkyfyg/
javac simplewindows.java ↵
yJ/ 'gayr,fh C & C + + Programmer awGtzkYd uvnf; EIid ;f
,SOv f Ydk &atmif a&;jywmyJ jzpfygw,f/ wu,fvYdk tck &Si;f jy uJ error r&Sdawmhbl;qkd&if atmufyg command line eJY run
aewJh Simple Window.java program xJutwkdif; For vkyfyg/
java simplewindow ↵
Looping ywfNyD;awmh a&;&ifvnf; &wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh
Oyrmay;NyD;awmh a&;jywmyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh aemufcH tJ'gqkd&ifawmh atmufrSmjrif&wJhtwkdif; simplewindow.
integer ude;f awGMum;rSm run vkyw f mawG ryg0ifb;l ayghaemf/ java qkdwJh program [m vmNyD;awmh run vkyfaerSmygyJ/
2/ For Looping udkawmh vkdif;eHygwf (12)eJY (13)rSm a&;
om;xm;ygw,f/ Int i [m 0 uaepw,f/ i [m 10,000
xufawmh i,fr,f/ i udk post fix increment order
eJYwkd;r,f/ qkdNyD;awmhrS Looping ukd ywfxm;wmygyJ/
NyD;awmh SetVisible ( ) method udk ac:,l toHk;csxm;
ygw,f/ Arguments udak wmh False taeeJY a&;xm;wm
aemf/ NyD;awmh system.exit (0); method udk ac:,ltoH;k
csNyD;awmh zefwD;xm;wJh JWindow udk exit vkyfxm;yg Figure 4.24 Compile & Run of the
w,f/ SimpleWindow.java

174 uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf


uJ tckazmfjyxm;wJh Figure 4.24 u command prompt
ay:rSm run jyaewmu JWindow av;ygyJ/ Swing com-
ponents xJrSm yg0ifwJh features of component yJaemf/
'Dawmh C & C + + Programmer awGtzkdYuvnf; tck oif
cef;pmjzpfwJh JFrame eJY JWindow taMumif;udk avhvmwJh
tcgrSm tvG,fwul compare vkyfNyD;awmh avhvmvdkY &Ekdif
wmayghaemf/ C & C+ + taeeJY a&;jyxm;wJh code_line
taeeJYuawmh jynhpf vkH w
S ,f r[kwyf gbl;/ 'gayr,fh sample
code_line taeeJY a&;jyxm;wmygyJ/ atmufrSm azmfjyxm;
wJh Figure 4.25 udk avhvmMunhfvkdufygvm;/
Figure 4.25 Write the program Code_Line, Compile
& Run of the C & C++ programming
uJ tck a&;om;xm;wJh program [m C & C+ +
Language rSm JAVA Languagte &JU JWindow oP²mef
Window wpfck zefwD;xm;wmudk a&;om; &Sif;jyxm;wmyJ
jzpfygw,f/ uJ 'Dawmh qufvufNyD;awmh Chapter (5)
Arranging Components on a User Interface qkdwJh
oifcef;pmtydkif;udk qufvuf avhvmMunhfMuygpdkY/ JAVA
Developer Guide oifcef;pm VOL-I &JU aemufq;kH Chapter
jzpfwJhtwGuf Certification Practice qkdwJh tcef;u@yg
yg0ifygw,f/ aoaocsmcsm avhvm ajzqkdEkdifNyDqkd&ifawmh
JAVA Developer Guide Volume - II udk qufvuf avhvmzkYd
tajccHaumif;awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ uJ avhvmMuygpdkY/
KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]
uGefysLwm*sme,f Mo*kwfv? 2007 ckESpf
uGeyf sLwmoifcef;pm
Microsoft Word ordi
k ;f aMumif;
1975 ckESpfwGif wpfOD;csif; toHk;jyKEdkifonfh uGefysLwm
i,fwpfvHk;tjzpf MITS rS Altair udk rdwfquf xkwfvkyfcJh
onf/ 1976 ckESpfrS pwifum Steve Jobs ESifh Steve
Wozniak wdYk onf Apple ukrP Ü uD kd wnfaxmifjcif;jzifh uGef
ysLwme,fy,fodkY 0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/ xdkYtwl Bill Gates
ESihf Paul Allen wdYk onfvnf; rdu k uf ½dak qmhzu
f rk P
Ü u D kd wnf
axmifcJhMuum wpfOD;csif;oHk; uGefysLwme,fy,fudk tvsif
tjref wdk;wufapcJhonf/ 1978 ckESpfwGif pmpDaqmhzf0Jrsm;
tjzpf WordMaster, Electric Pencil II, Apple Writer
ponfwdkY ay:xGufvmcJhonf/ 1979 ckESpfwGif WordStar
pmpDaqmhz0f u J kd xkwv f yk cf o
hJ nf/ ¤if;onf jrefrmEdik if H uGeyf sL
wme,fy,fwGif xif&Sm;cJhonfh pmpDaqmhzf0Jwpfckvnf;jzpf
onf/ xdkpOfu jydKifbufaqmhzf0Jwpfckonf WordPerfect
jzpfonf/
rdu
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f ½dak qmhzu
f rk P
Ü o D nf 0if;'d;k pfpepf aqmhz0f jJ zifh uGef
ysLwme,fy,fwGif xif&Sm;vmcJhonf/ Microsoft Word
onf pmpDaqmhzf0Jwpfckjzpfí rdkufu½dkaqmhzfukrÜPDrS xkwf
vkyfonfh pmpDvkyfief;oHk;aqmhzf0J jzpfonf/ Word udk 1983
ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif pwif a&;om;xkwfvkyfcJhjyD; xdkpOfu
Multi-Tool Word trnfEi S hf jzpfonf/ 1983 ckEpS f atmufwkd
bmvwGif Microsoft Word trnfodkY ajymif;í xkwfvkyf
cJhNyD; Word 2, Word 3, Word 4, Word 5, Word 5.1, Word
5.5, Word 6.0 version rsm;udk 1993 ckEp S t
f xd ESppf Of wd;k csJU
xkwfa0cJhonf/ 1995 ckESpfwGif Word 7 udk Word for
Windows 95 [k trnfopfjzifh xkwfa0cJhygonf/ xdkYtwl
1997 ckESpf Word 8 (Word 97) ? 1999 ckESpf Word 9
(Word 2000)? 2001 ckESpf Word 10 (Word 2002)? 2003
ckESpf Word 11 (Word 2003) ESifh 2006 ckESpf word 12
(Word 2007) [lí xkwf
a0cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ¤if;
Word udk Microsoft Of-
fice suite taeESifh Excel,
PowerPoint, Access
ponf aqmhz0f rJ sm;ESit
hf wl
pkaygif; xkwfvkyfxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/
175