Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
HVDC transformers
abb.com/hvdc
Agenda, HVDC Transformers Introduction Transformer topology and types HVDC application and consequences Design Tests Concepts Impedance, regulation, cooling Seismic withstand Overloading and Weight Bushings, Tap changers and Oil Summary
HVDC transformer
Transmission line or cable
Transformers & Thyristor valves AC bus Smoothing reactor
DC Filter
~~
Control System
Experiencing AC stresses on the primary side and combined AC and DC stresses on the secondary side
HVDC transformers
Pacific Intertie, Sylmar. USA. Largest HVDC transformer Single phase 3 winding Power: 621/310,5/310,5 MVA Voltage: 230/212/212 kV Connection: Yn/Y/D DC voltage: 500 kV
ABB Power Technologies Power Systems DC - 4 -
HVDC transformers
3000 MW transmitted power system, Three Gorges. China. Single phase 2 winding 298 MVA, 525/210 kV, 500 kV DC
Founded year 1900 Center for power transformers since mid thirties 1952; Worlds first 400kV-system, Harsprnget 1954; Worlds first HVDC-transmission power transformer, Gotland 1965; Worlds first 800 kV-system, Hydro Quebec 1982; Worlds first 600kV DC-transmission line, Itaipu 1999; Worlds first Dryformer - the oil-free power transformer, Lottefors
ABB Power Technologies Power Systems DC - 6 -
2000; Center of Excellence for shunt reactors 2003; Worlds largest HVDC Transformers, Sylmar 2004; Variable shunt reactors 2004; Center of Excellence for 800 kV applications Manufactured > 700,000 MVA to date
Agenda, HVDC Transformers Introduction Transformer topology and types HVDC application and consequences Design Tests Concepts Impedance, regulation, cooling Seismic withstand Overloading and Weight Bushings, Tap changers and Oil Summary
More than 300 units Experiences and knowledge since 1954 DC voltage levels 50 600 kV Power ratings up to 620 MVA per unit Experiences with different connections; 3 phase 3 winding 3 phase 2 winding 1 phase 3 winding 1 phase 2 winding
ABB Power Technologies Power Systems DC - 9 -
Transformer application
Transformer application
Three Gorges, China. Single phase 2 winding units; 298 MVA, 500 kV AC, 500 kV DC
Agenda, Converter Transformers Introduction Transformer topology and types HVDC application and consequences Design Tests Concepts Impedance, regulation, cooling Seismic withstand Weights Bushings, Tap changers and Oil Summary
Y Y Y D
i2
i1
T/4 T/2 3T/4
i2
Phase current
i1 + i 2
[%] 10 5 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 [%] 5 11 13 23 25
In I1
i1 + i2
Agenda, HVDC Transformers Introduction Transformer topology and types HVDC application and consequences Design Tests Concepts Impedance, regulation, cooling Seismic withstand Overloading and Weight Bushings, Tap changers and Oil Summary
DC withstand voltage test with PD meas. DC polarity voltage test with PD meas. Cooling equipment power consumption Operation test of on-load tap changer Insulation resistance on magnetic circuit Capacitance and power factor in insulation Insulation test of auxiliary wirings
Transformer type tests: Load losses at 200 Hz Temperature rise test. Acoustic sound level High frequency response analysis (FRA)
= 770 kV
= 550 kV
= 570 kV
ABB Power Technologies Power Systems DC - 21 -
Power transformers , HVDC AC and DC give different stress patterns In AC most of the stress is bound to the oil In steady state DC almost all voltage is across the solid insulation
Power transformers , HVDC Additional losses from current harmonics need careful assessment
2 wound limbs
3 wound limbs
Valve Y wdg
Core limb D
Core limb Y
Valve D wdg
Reg. wdg
To AC neutral bushing
To valve bushing4
To valve bushing2
To AC neutral bushing
Reg. wdg
AC wdg
AC wdg
Regulation range affects: Insulation distances Losses and cooling equipment Size of tap changer
-inside the windings - between the windings Hot-spots and cooling impacts
No-Load Losses
Impedance
Impedance
Temperatures
Height Top Oil TT Top of winding Two Average of oil Hot Spot THsp
Guaranteed Temperatures Tw (mean winding temp. rise) TT (top oil temp.rise) THsp (winding hot spot temp. rise)
65 K 60 K 78 K
Cooling
Outer Circuit Heat Dissipation Pump optional Inner Circuit Heat Production (Core and Windings)
In principle the larger the losses in the Inner Circuit the larger the size of the Outer Circuit (coolers or radiators) Ambient temperature impacts temp. gradients size of cooling equipment. Overload requirements increase the cooling equipment A 500 MVA unit has about 1000 kW in losses
Fan optional
100
200
300
400
500
600
Agenda, Converter Transformers Introduction Transformer topology and types HVDC application and consequences Design Tests Concepts Impedance, regulation, cooling Seismic withstand Weights Bushings, Tap changers and Oil Summary
GGF Overview
The outer insulator on the air side is a glass fibre reinforced epoxy tube with silicon sheds
BIL levels up to 1050 kV Rated currents up to 4500 A Positions up to 35 Contact life up to 500 000 operations Mounted in tank or in separate compartments
ABB Power Technologies Power Systems DC - 41 -
Agenda, Converter Transformers Introduction Transformer topology and types HVDC application and consequences Design Tests Concepts Impedance, regulation, cooling Seismic withstand Weights Bushings, Tap changers and Oil Summary
Cooling
Tests
- Surface treatment - Transport (limitation, acceleration) - Seismic loads - Control cubicles - Terminal connections - CT:s - Accessories