Urinary tract infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. Symptoms include frequent feeling and/or need to urinate, pain during urination, and cloudy urine.The main causal agent is Escherichia coli. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products, it does not usually have bacteria in it, but when bacteria get into the bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they may cause a UTI. The most common type of UTI is acute cystitis often referred to as a bladder infection. An infection of the upper urinary tract or kidney is known as pyelonephritis, and is potentially more serious. Although they cause discomfort, urinary tract infections can usually be easily treated with a short course of antibiotics with no significant difference between the classes of antibiotics commonly used. The most common symptoms of a bladder infection are burning with urination (dysuria), frequency of urination, an urge to urinate, no vaginal discharge, and no significant pain.An upper urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis may also present with flank pain and a fever. Healthy women have an average of 5 days of symptoms.

Anemia
is a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.However, it can include decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin deficiency. Because hemoglobin (found inside RBCs) normally carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, anemia leads to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in organs. Because all human cells depend on oxygen for survival, varying degrees of anemia can have a wide range of clinical consequences. Signs and symptoms Most commonly, people with anemia report non-specific symptoms of a feeling of weakness, or fatigue, general malaise and sometimes poor concentration. They may also report dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion. In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing cardiac output. The patient may have symptoms related to this, such as palpitations, angina (if preexisting heart disease is present), intermittent claudication of the legs, and symptoms of heart failure.

Ameobiasis
Amebiasis is an infection of the intestine, liver, or other tissues by pathogenic amebas (protozoan parasites). Infection is typically by the organism Entamoeba histolytica, acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated by infected feces. Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba, a type of single-celled animal that multiplies by simple division and moves around in the intestine, scavenging for small morsels of food and bacteria.

The common Causes of Amoebiasis :

The infection spreads when infected people do not dispose of their faeces in a sanitary manner or do not wash their hands properly after going to the toilet. This paper describes the unexpected occurrence of the disease in three adult males, two with colitis and the other with an hepatic abscess. Contaminated hands can then spread the parasites to food that may be eaten by other people and surfaces that may be touched by other people. This, to our knowledge, is the first report of amoebiasis in Jamaica for over two decades and serves to underscore the continued need for the inclusion of amoebiasis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained hepato-intestinal disease. Amoebiasis is especially common in parts of the world where human faeces are used as fertiliser and is more likely to affect people who live or have travelled in developing countries, where sanitation and hygiene is poor. If it invades the liver, it causes formation of the typical anchovy paste like pus. Asymptomatic carriers pass cysts in the faeces.

Some are common Symptoms of Amoebiasis :

Abdominal (stomach) cramps Tenderness in the lower abdominal region Blood-stained stools Tenesmus (painful passage of stools) Severe stomach pain , Vague gastrointestinal distress, High grade fever, severe abdominal pain and profuse diarrhoea occurs in children and in patients receiving steroids. Severe diarrhoea that contains blood or mucus, Drinking contaminated water Sometimes allergic reactions can occur throughout the body, due to release of toxic substances or dead parasites inside the intestines