Grammar Book

Chapter IV ADJECTIVES. Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. An adjective describes how something 'is'. For this reason, we usually use the verb 'to be' when using adjectives. Adjectives are used to describe nouns. Example: He is a good doctor. Rule: Adjectives describe nouns. The adjective is always invariable. Be careful Adjectives don't have a singular and plural form OR a masculine, femine and neuter form. Adjectives are always the same! Never add a final -s to an adjective. Adjectives can also be placed at the end of a sentence if they describe the subject of a sentence. Don't place an adjective after the noun. Of quality

square good golden fat heavy dry clever

Demonstrative Distributive Quantitative Interrogative Possessive some my any your this each no his which that every few her what these either many its whose those neither much our one your twelve their

Petu is a big animal. He has one bat.

Mrs. Cow wears a red saree.

The word big says more (describes) about the noun animal. How is the animal? The animal is big. The word one says more about the noun bat. How many bats are there? There is one bat. 18

Grammar Book
Chapter IV In the same way, the word red says more about the saree. What colour is the saree? The saree is red in colour. The words big, one and red are describing words or Adjectives. 4.1 QUALITY ADJECTIVES. The old man walked slowly. The kind lady gave food to the beggar. In the above sentences, the adjectives old and kind show the qualities of the man and the lady respectively. Adjectives which show the quality of a person or a thing are Adjectives of Quality. Adjectives of Quality answer the question 'What kind of'? For eg. What kind of man? Old man. What kind of lady? Kind lady. 4.2 INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES. 4.2.1 What and Which. We use the adjectives what + noun(s) or which + noun(s) to ask a question about the description of one or several things. The answer usually includes a description of the subject or direct object. Notice that in this situation, the interrogative adjective precedes a noun like a normal adjective. The interrogative adjectives what and which are used in a question. They help to ask about something. What movie do you want to see? Which leaves turn color first? An interrogative adjective may look like an interrogative pronoun, but it is used differently in the sentence: it is an adjective, used to modify a noun or pronoun Which plants should be watered twice a week? Like other adjectives, ``which'' can be used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. In this example, ``which'' modifies ``plants'' and the noun phrase ``which plants'' is the subject of the compound verb ``should be watered''. What book are you reading? In this sentence, ``what'' modifies ``book'' and the noun phrase ``what book'' is the direct object of the compound verb ``are reading.'' Which car is the fastest?(Which car refers to the subject.) The red car is the fastest. The red one.(short answer) 19

Grammar Book
Chapter IV What book are you reading?(What book refers to the direct object) I'm reading the grammar book. The grammar book.(short answer and direct object.) What apples did you buy?(What apples refer to the direct object) We bought the green apples. The green apples.(short answer and direct object.) Which person is going with you?(Which person refers to the subject.) Bill is going with us. Bill.(Short answer) Which shirt do you want?(Which shirt refers to the direct object.) I want the green shirt. The green one.(Short answer) 4.2.2 Whose. We use the adjective whose + noun(s) to ask a question about who possesses something. The answer usually includes a description of the subject or direct object but in a possessive form. Remember that in this case, the interrogative adjective precedes the noun asking for some type of description of the noun. Whose books are on the table? (Whose books refers to the subject) Bill's books are on the table. Bill's. (Short answer) Whose jacket is this?( A linking verb situation.) It's mine. Mine. (Short answer) Whose car are we going to drive? (Whose car refers to the direct object) We are going to drive Jim's car. Jim's car. (Short answer) 4.3 DISTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES. A Distributive adjective shows the things or persons when taken separately. Examples: Each man was given a prize. Every boy had brought his book. Either book will do. Neither party is in the right. Explanation: 20

Grammar Book
Chapter IV Each, Every, Either and neither indicate that the persons or things are taken separately, they are Distributive adjectives. These distributive words are normally used with singular nouns, and are placed before the noun. Each, either and neither can be used with plural nouns but must be followed by 'of': Each is a way of seeing the members of a group as individuals: Each child received a present. Each of the children received a present. Every is a way of seeing a group as a series of members: Every child in the world deserves affection. It can also express different points in a series, especially with time expressions: Every third morning John goes jogging. This magazine is published every other week. Either and Neither are concerned with distribution between two things - either is positive, neither is negative. 4.4 DEMOSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES. This, That, These, Those: Can be used either as demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative pronouns. They indicate if something is close or far from the speaker. They are placed before the noun to point out persons or objects. Ex: This movie is good. (I have the tape in my hand) That popcorn is not good. (It is on the table) These movies are good. (The tapes are in my hands) Those chips are better. (Next to the popcorn on the table) singular this that plural these those

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