Explain the role of the following organs in the digestive system The mouth and salivary glands - The

function of the salivary glands is to

make saliva and help the bolus (soft mass of chewed food) go down the esophagus easily. Saliva contains enzymes which help break down food to a form which the body can use.

The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and saliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth.
The Oesophagus - It carries the food from the pharynx to the

stomach. It has smooth muscles that allow it to perform peristalsis.

The Stomach - The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects (mid-gut), and mollusks. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication (chewing).

The Pancreas

The pancreas has two main roles: 1.) Producing digestive enzymes 2.) Producing hormones such as insulin and glucagon.
The Liver

The role of the liver is that it clears toxins from the body Is produces bile. The large Intestine - The large intestine is the thick, lower end of the digestive system, containing the appendix, colon and rectum. Its principle function is to reabsorb water and maintains the fluid balance of the body. Certain vitamins are also taken in through the large intestinal wall. The small Intestine - It takes the food pulp from your stomach and continues to digest it as it travels through it. Your small intestine then absorbs the nutrients that the previous digestion of the food has made available. The texture of the food at this stage is typically that of runny applesauce (not to try to ruin your appetite for the food, and as nutrients are taken out of the food it gradually begins to turn into bolus (or fecal matter).
The Colon - After traveling through the small intestine, food

passes into the large intestine (colon). In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes (chemicals like sodium) are removed from the food. Many microbes (bacteria like Bactericides, Lactobacillus, acidophilus, Escherichia coli) in the large intestine help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called the Cecum (the appendix is connected to the cecum).
The rectum -

The role of the rectum is to hold the solid waste for elimination.
The Bladder - The bladder stores urine before it is released

from the body via the urethra.

The Gaul bladder - The gallbladder serves an important digestive function. It is required to emulsify fats. What is emulsification? One can easily understand this concept

when washing greasy dishes. It is nearly impossible to properly clean greasy dishes without soap as the soap emulsifies the fat so it can be removed.

Explain the role of the following food sources Food Source Carbohydrates Role
Carbohydrates are basically sugar and starch. They break down into glucose molecules in the body in digestion. When used as energy (glucose), carbohydrates become fuel for your muscles and brain. If your body does not have any use for the glucose, it is converted into glycogen and stored it in the liver and muscles as an energy reserve. Your body can store about a half a day's supply of glycogen. If your body has more glucose than it can use as energy, or convert to glycogen for storage, the excess is converted to fat.

Examples of Food type bananas barley beans brown rice chickpeas lentils nuts oats parsnips potatoes root vegetables sweet corn wholegrain cereals wholemeal breads wholemeal cereals wholemeal flour wholemeal pasta Yams.

Fats

Fat performs many vital functions in the human body. It sheathes the nerves, allowing conduction to take place; it is synthesized into hormones; it cushions the body; it stores resources. You cannot survive without fat in your body. You would die a quick and very unpleasant death.

A jam doughnut contains 10.9g fat A slice of malt loaf contains 0.7g fat A teaspoon of peanut butter contains 5.4g fat A pint of whole milk contains 22.8 g fat A handful of mixed nuts contains 21.6g

fat

Proteins

Proteins are very important molecules in our cells. They are involved in virtually all cell functions. Each protein within the body has a specific role. Some proteins are involved in structural support, while others are involved in bodily movement, or in defence against germs. Proteins vary in structure as well as function. They are constructed from a set of 20 amino acids and have distinct three-dimensional shapes. Below is a list of a few types of proteins and their functions: Antibodies defend the body from germs. Contractile proteins are responsible for movement. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

Meat, poultry, fish, shellfish and eggs Pulses, nuts and seeds Soya products and vegetable protein foods

Storage proteins store amino acids.

Evaluate your own diet Carbohydrates 45% Fats 15% Proteins 40% How healthy is your diet? My diet is very good I usually have 2-3 fruit and vegetables a day, I dont eat chocolate or sweet, and usually eat pasta for protein so I would say my diet is fairly good. Does your sport demand any specific diet requirements, if so what

physiological changes does this cause? Well I am a footballer so In my diet I require Protein so that would be Pasta, Breads, Bananas because Protein would give me energy so I would last the 90 Minutes. By Sebastian Noad.