Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Frison
organism, the smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life.
structures.
in organisms.
a plasma membrane.
The material inside of a
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Wall
Capsule Flagellum Nucleoid Ribosomes
Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Wall
Capsule Flagellum Nucleoid Ribosomes
Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Wall
Capsule Flagellum Nucleoid Ribosomes
Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Wall
Capsule Flagellum Nucleoid Ribosomes
Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Wall
Capsule Flagellum Nucleoid Ribosomes
Prokaryotes are:
Structurally simple
Metabolically diverse Adapted to most types of environments
Prokaryotes are:
Structurally simple
Metabolically diverse Adapted to most types of environments
Prokaryotes are:
Structurally simple
Metabolically diverse Adapted to most types of environments
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells:
Are structurally complex Have a nucleus Possess membrane-bound organelles May have a cell wall
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells:
Are structurally complex Have a nucleus Possess membrane-bound organelles May have a cell wall
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells:
Are structurally complex Have a nucleus Possess membrane-bound organelles May have a cell wall
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells:
Are structurally complex Have a nucleus Possess membrane-bound organelles May have a cell wall
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
The Nucleus
Stores DNA
The Nucleus
Stores DNA
Nucleolus - rRNA
The Nucleus
Stores DNA
Nucleolus - rRNA Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear pores
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Polyribosomes
Several ribosomes with a single mRNA molecule
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Consists of membranous channels and saccules
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Processing and
modification of proteins
Smooth ER
Synthesizes
Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus collects, sorts, packages, and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down unwanted, foreign substances or worn- out parts of cells
Vacuoles
Vacuoles are membranous sacs that store substances.
For example:
Peroxisomes
Membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes.
The enzymes break down molecules and as a result
Energy-Related Organelles
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Energy-Related Organelles
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis Structure:
Double-membrane Stroma
Grana
Thylakoids
Chloroplasts contain:
Their own DNA Ribosomes Enzymes
Mitochondria
Found in all eukaryotic
cells
Site or cellular respiration Structure:
Double-membrane Matrix
Crista
The Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape
Assists in movement of cell and organelles Assemble and disassemble as needed Three types of macromolecular fibers
Actin Filaments Intermediate Filaments Microtubules
Actin Filaments
Anchored to the plasma membrane
Actin Filaments
Actin interacts with motor molecules such as myosin.
Intermediate Filaments
Intermediate in size between actin filaments and
microtubules
Functions:
Support nuclear envelope Cell-cell junctions, such as those holding skin cells tightly together
Microtubules
Hollow cylinders made of two globular proteins Assembly:
(MTOC) Most important MTOC is centrosome Interacts with specific proteins to cause movement of organelles
Microtubule Operation
Centrioles
Short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule
triplets
Centrioles
Help organize microtubules during animal cell division May be involved with microtubule formation and in the
area
The matrix consists of microtubules in a 9 + 2 pattern