The City Palace, Udaipur

City Palace towers over the Pichola Lake. Maharana Uday Singh initiated in the construction of the palace but succeeding Maharanas added several palaces and structures to the complex retained a surprising uniformity to the design. The entry to the Palace is from the Hati Pol, the Elephant gate. The Bari Pol or the Big gate brings you to the Tripolia, the Triple gate. It was once a custom that the Maharana would weigh under this gate in gold and silver, which was distributed to the populace. It is also now the main ticket office. Balconies, cupolas and towers surmount the palace to give a wonderful view of the lake. Suraj Gokhada or the balcony of the sun is where the Maharana would grant public audiences mainly to boost the morale of the people in difficult times. The Mor Chawk is the peacock square and gains its name from the vivid blue mosaic in glass of a peacock that decorates its walls. The main part of the palace is now preserved as a museum displaying a large and diverse array of artefacts. Down steps from the entrance is the armoury museum exhibiting a huge collection of protective gear, weapons including the lethal two-pronged sword. The City Palace museum is then entered through the Ganesh Deori meaning the door of Lord Ganesh. This leads to the Rajya Angan, the royal courtyard that is the very spot where Maharana Udai Singh met the sage who told him to find a city here. The rooms of the palace are superbly decorated with mirror tiles and paintings. Manak Mahal or the Ruby Palace has a lovely collection of glass and mirror work while Krishna Vilas display a rich collection of miniature paintings. Moti Mahal or the pearl palace has beautiful mirror work and the Chini Mahal has ornamental tiles all over. The Surya Chopar or the sun square depicts a huge ornamental sun symbolising the sun dynasty to which the Mewar dynasty belongs.

The Bari Mahal is a central garden with view of the city. Some more beautiful paintings can be seen in the Zenana Mahal or the ladies chamber, which leads to Lakshmi Chowk a beautiful white pavilion.

City Palace, Alwar

The City Palace was built in 1793 A.D. by Raja Bakhtawar Singh. It represents a intermingling of Rajput and Mughal stvles. It has graceful marble pavilions set on lotus flower bases in the central courtyard Once this palace was part of the Maharajas ornate lifestyle and housed, among other things, a drinking cup cut out of a single emerald in its treasury and a mammoth, double storied four-elephant carriage in its stables. Today however the palaces has been converted into the district's collectorate, and its hall and chambers have a been turned into government offices. This huge fort with its ramparts stretching 5 km from east to west, stands 304 meters above the city and 595 meters above the sea level, constructed before the raise of the Mughal empire .Babar had spent a night at this fort and took away the hidden treasures to gift to his son, Humayun. Akbar's son, Jahangir had also stayed here for some time during his exile. The place where he stayed is called Salim Mahal. Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1775 A.D finally annexed the fort. It is a forbidding structure with 15 large and 51 small towers and 446 openings for musketry, along with 8 huge towers encompassing it. The fort has several gates - Jai Pol, Suraj Pol, Laxman Pol,Chand Pol, Kishan Pol and Andheri Gate. Also there are remains of Jal Mahal, Nikumbh Mahal, Salim Sagar, Suraj Kund and many temples. The Museum The palace Museum has a wonderful collection of exhibits of the personal wealth of the Maharajas of Alwar and some rare manuscripts including an illustrated Mahabharata on a 200 -foot-long scroll, Others prize pieces here after illustrated manuscripts of GULISTAN, SHAH NAMA, and on EMPEROR Babur's life. There are also some fine RAGAMALA paintings and miniatures from the Alwar, Bundi, and

Mughal school it has an armory section, which has some historic swords belonging to the likes of Sultan Muhammad Ghori, Emperor Akbar and Aurangzeb.

Lalgarh Palace, Bikaner

This grand palace is an architectural masterwork in red sandstone, and was built by Maharaja Ganga Singh Ji in the memory of his father Maharaja Lal Singh Ji in 1902. Sir Swinton Jacob designed this oriental fantasy. This architecture is a fusion of Rajput, Mughal and European architecture. The exterior contrasts dramatically with the oriental interiors and amenities. The palace has beautiful latticework and filigree work, which are hallmarks of a great craftsmanship. The Palace has an amazing collection of well-maintained paintings and hunting trophies. Sprawling lawns with blooming bougainvillea and dancing peacocks make a visual extravagance. Designed by a Britisher for Maharaja Ganga Singh, this palace displays a magnificent blend of Oriental and European style. The terraced lawns and the Bougainvillea bushes add beauty to the palace. Peacocks stroll around the palace, which has been partly converted into a hotel. The intricate filigree work and latticework exhibit the refinements and delicacy of craftsmanship. The palace museum displays well preserved hunting trophies and old photographs. The library of the Lalgarh palace is supposed to have the largest collection of original Sanskrit manuscripts on parchments, copper and gold or silver plaques. Built in the memory of maharaja Lal Singh, Lalgarh Palace has a graceful facade of red sandstone, and is one of Maharaja Ganga Singhs great achievements. The maharaja ruled for a period of 56 years. The state especially prospered under his rule. In the fort museum which is housed in the red sandstone Ganga Niwas, built during the reign of Maharaja Sir Ganga Singh, here can be seen a unique collection of miniature paintings, manuscripts, weaponry and even a world war I bi-plane. The Lalgarh palace has now been converted into a beautiful hotel. The large and airy rooms point towards a pervasive British influence, even though the Welcome group took over it's management in 1993 and made numerous renovations.

The shri Sadul museum forms a part of the palace, and houses vast collections of books, photographs, manuscripts and albums that span several generations.

Arts and Crafts of Rajasthan

Rajasthan travel is as much about seeing the scenic splendour of the place, as marvelling at the skilled artisans who create the incredible arts and crafts of Rajasthan. This region boasts of a mind-boggling array of handcrafted items which cannot perhaps be seen anywhere in India. From the miniature paintings to the lac bangles encrusted with glittering mirror pieces, the arts and crafts of Rajasthan are a treasure trove of imagination and innovation. The patronage of the royals gave the initial impetus and then subsequent events only went to hone the innate talents of these craftsmen, adding to the variety and creativity. Paintings: The paintings of Rajasthan are unique and distinct from other schools. The miniatures date back to the 11th century, painted on handmade paper with vegetable dyes. The phads are scroll paintings, which extol the exploits of Pabuji and Dev Narain the folk heroes of the region. Pichwais are another type of visual art, which is painted, embroidered or printed with blocks on raw paper. Pottery: This is a Persian invention and was brought into Rajasthan by Maharaja Ram Singh. Made of multani mitti (clay), this craft of Rajasthan makes use of sodium sulphate and raw glaze. Found mainly in the Pink City of Jaipur, it comes in the distinct colours of blue, green and white. Jewellery: Another charming addition to the arts and crafts of Rajasthan is the jewellery. From the chunky tribal trinkets to the ornate, gem-encrusted premium pieces, the range is astounding. Enamelled jewellery is distinct to Jaipur and travel in Rajasthan is incomplete without strolling in the handicrafts bazaars, with their colour and vivid beauty. Bangles, armlets, hair ornaments, toe rings, no part of the body is left unadorned. Textiles: No talk of Rajasthan handicrafts is complete without mentioning the textiles, which are renowned all over the world. There are the handmade quilts and the colourful bed linen of Bagru and Jaipur. Then of course,

the skirts and backless blouses, embroidered and mirror-encrusted, the beautiful jooties (sandals) which are to be found in every lane and by lane of Rajasthan. Then there are the ivory, sandalwood and marble handicrafts, the hand-carved furniture, the dolls and puppets that delight a childs heart, the leatherware, the outstanding Thewa art and a myriad other forms and shapes, that make up this kaleidoscope of Rajasthan handicrafts.

As far as art and craft is concerned Rajasthan is one of the richest states in India. Once a land of brave hearts, it was also famous for its handicrafts. The simple lifestyle of people have honed the creative senses, artistic skills and inspired them to create the most opulent and richest of treasures. The different kinds of arts and crafts in Rajasthan added to the beauty and attraction of this colourful Indian state. The variations of the art and crafts in Rajasthan are stretched along the length and breadth of the country. As every region has its distinct tradition and culture to follow, every region has its own design, motif and characteristic fabric that weaves its history. The authenticity of the colors, patterns and traditional skills of craft-making are overwhelming. Fashioned by craftsmen with skills preferred over generations and a dedication to their craft bordering on workshop, the items exemplify the motifs and colors of real Rajasthan. Moreover, Rajasthani handicrafts are creative transformation of the spirit of romance and gaiety of the lively native people. Even some of the other art and craft forms of Rajasthan encompass the spirit of the Thar Desert. The art and craft of Rajasthan developed due to the kind of rulers and royal dynasties that have ruled this West Indian state and their effects were discernable in the art, crafts and culture of Rajasthan. The early history of Rajasthan depicts that the most renowned emperor of the Mauryan Empire, Ashoka had minimal impact in the art and craft of Rajasthan. During his time Buddhist religion flourished. This impact was expressed in Buddhist caves and `stupas` (Buddhist Shrines) at Jhalawar, in Southern Rajasthan. The Royal fervor of Rajputana is alive even today through its great and magnificently built forts, palaces; temples and religious centers that are exemplary of great finesse. Some of the museums in Rajasthan exhibit the objects of different regions that carry the tradition of the ancient Rajasthan or the traditional heritage of the state. The royal patronage of Mughal Empire and the Rajput rulers had immense impact on the art and crafts in Rajasthan. With the progression of time and the handover of the possession, Rajasthan received modern and contemporary styles and designs. Gradually with the demand of the traditional and modern crafts, the amalgamations of different style were introduced. Each

period of history was the witness of the contribution to the art and crafts in Rajasthan. The history of Rajasthan reveals that the kings and their nobles were patrons of art and crafts and they encouraged their craftsmen of different sectors ranging from wood and marble carving to weaving, pottery and painting. The tradition was enriched with the devotion of the artisans and with the type of fusion that were created during the time in all parts of Rajasthan. Dance forms an integral part of Rajasthani art. The major folk dances of Rajasthan include Bhavai, Ghoomar, Kachhi Ghodi, Chari, Kalbeliya, Gair, Kathputli and Terahtaali. The dances, found in limitless variations in Rajasthan, punctuate its barrenness, turning the land into a fertile basin of color and creativity and are an expression of human emotion as much as the folk music. In addition to that there are various other art and crafts that are hugely famous in not only India but all over the globe incorporate Blue Pottery, Textiles, Wooden and Sandalwood Craft, Paintings, Toys and Gifts, Indian Jewellery, Thewa Art, precious & semi precious Stones, Quilts (Razais) and Block Prints (Madups- Covers), leather and metal Craft, Marble Stone Crafts, wooden furniture, paintings, leather craft and sculpture. The art and craft in Rajasthan include folk paintings in Rajasthan. Chittorgarh is the main center for folk paintings and the most popular form of folk paintings are the Phad paintings. Jaipur in Rajasthan is bona fide centre for Rajasthani Jewellery which flaunts a wide variety of enameled jewelries to semi precious stone jewellery. Jaipur is renowned for the classic designs that catch the fancy of the tourists and the local people. The cultural tradition of Rajasthan unveils that the state is famous for its terracotta traditions. Though the famous Blue Pottery of Jaipur has its roots in China, it came down to Rajasthan through the Mughal emperors. Another eye catching art culture of Rajasthan is Rajasthani Jootis or Mojaris (Leather Sandals) that display superb embroidery and brilliant use of colours and designs. Besides these the `nagrai chappals` are also widely available in Rajasthan. Jaipur and Jodhpur are traditionally known for these exquisite foot wears. Other leather items, such as, handbags, wallets, belts, jewellery boxes and even souvenirs are also available. Sculpture in Rajasthan is hugely displayed in places like Dilwara Temple in Mount Abu or another Jain temple at Ranakpur. The architectures of these splendid buildings are truly impressive. During the Mughal era the red sandstone was widely used to build a variety of monuments. Moreover Rajasthan holds the tradition of making puppets and dolls that are painted in colours and decorated in attractive dresses. The toys are made in Bassi are inspired by local legends. The little cosmetic box called Shringardani is traditionally given to a bride on her wedding day and is a toy for children as well. Wooden toys made in Udaipur are very popular. Some other traditional articles like surahis, pots and cylindrical jars and decorative items like ash-trays, tiles, flower pots, lamp stands, beads, ear rings, soap dishes, jugs, mugs and door knobs are created exclusively maintaining the tradition and creativity. The artistry displayed in marble carvings, miniature paintings or frescoes all shows the creative genius of the craftsmen of

yesteryears. The art and crafts in Rajasthan also carry the distinct quality of portraying the authentic and unique style in paintings. The Rajasthani medieval paintings have their own unique styles with the depiction of the hills and valleys, deserts, places and forts, gardens, court scenes, religious processions; and the highlighting scenes from the life of Lord Krishna were the recurrent themes of these paintings. Rajasthan treasures the painting like the Ragamala paintings and paintings based on Geeta Govinda. The artists of Rajasthan were practicing their art of miniature painting since 16th century and were later employed by the Mughal courts including the emperor Akbar. The art and craft in Rajasthan have been developing since the medieval era, as many emperors have ruled Rajasthan and the state was overwhelmed by the tradition that were developed from the past dynasties and merged them with their own. The palaces are woven with rich history intricate with sagas of illustrious dynasties. The land describes the prosperity of paradoxes, from rigid codes of chivalry to tales of unbridled passion; from shimmering lakes to endless desert vistas; from stately pleasure places to labyrinthine bazaars. The extreme passion and the mesmerizing swirl of colors and an extravaganza of warmth and rustic pleasure of simplicity attract the tourist attention to indulge in all the forms of enjoyment and traditional uniqueness. The Amber Fort of Jaipur is world famous for its Architecture, Elephant Ride and the forts are the additional pleasures that are attract the tourist attention. The Umaid Bhawan Palace of Jodhpur is one of the attractions at Jodhpur including Junagarh Fort, Bikaner and other famous places like Ajmer, Alwar, Bikaner, Chittorgarh, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Mount Abu, Pushkar, Ranthambore and Udaipur. Moreover the traditional art and craft in Rajasthan are the major eye catching fixation that the tourists from all over the world cherish. The art and crafts of Rajasthan has its own bucolic as well as aesthetic appeal that has made the place of a source of fascination, appreciation, visual and artistic pleasure. In the present era the structures defy time to tell the story of gallantry, courage and tragedy of the bygone era and its story of survival in the harsh Thar Desert.