UNIVERSITI PERTAHANAN MALAYSIA KEM SUNGAI BESI LAB 3 - PELTON WHEEL TURBINE

DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS Nett:- 580 x 230 x 500 mm, 9.0 Kg. Gross:- 0.078m, 12 Kg.

Objectives
To investigate typical performance characteristics of Pelton Wheel (Impulse Turbine)

Apparatus
Pelton Wheel Turbine Hydraulic Bench by Cussons Technology Ltd. Model P6240, digital tachometer, pressure gage and volume flow rate measurement apparatus.

Background
Pelton Wheel Turbine is the only impulse water turbine now in common use named in honour of Sir L.A. Pelton (1829- 1908) of California, USA. It is a tangential flow impulse turbine. The water strikes the buckets along the tangent of the runner. The energy available at the inlet of the turbine is only kinetic energy. The pressure at the inlet and outlet of the turbine is atmospheric. This turbine is used for high heads. The present set-up consists of a runner which buckets are mounted on it. The design is typical industrial practice with a horizontal shaft, single horizontal jets produced by a single nozzle fitted with a needle or spear regulator, and a wheel fitted with multiple (16) elliptical ridged buckets at a mean diameter of 100 mm. The nozzle is positioned in the same plane as the wheel and arranged so that the jet of water impinges tangentially on to the buckets. The desired maximum deflection of the jet (180) cannot be achieved without the fluid leaving one bucket striking the following one, and so in practice the deflection is limited to approximately 155 (i.e. see Fig. 1, 180 - 25). The wheel mounted on the shaft which fitted with a 60mm diameter friction dynamometer (Prony brake) as illustrated in Fig. 2, so that the efficiency of the turbine can be calculated. A fabric brake band which used as a brake lining is tensioned by a weight hanger and masses with the fixed end being secured via a spring balance to the support frame.

WAWM 2010

Pressure gauge is fitted at the inlet of the turbine to measure the total supply head to the turbine. The circular window of the turbine casing is provided with a transparent acrylic sheet for observation of flow on to the buckets. The bottom of the casing is open to allow the water leaving the buckets to drain away.

Expected Results
Compute and plot; 1. 2. 3. Turbine efficiency against unit speed (Nu) for all three flow rates on one graph. Unit power (Pu) against unit speed ( Nu) on one graph Iso-efficiency curves on graph Pu against Nu.

Discussion
Discuss about your result and graphs What is the best opening at nozzle for the best efficiency? Can you get it or not? If cannot, explain why. The results as what you expected OR not, explain in detail.

Conclusion
Conclude your result and finding.

WAWM 2010

LAB 3 - PELTON WHEEL DATA AND RESULT

Mean wheel diameter = Brake wheel diameter = Inlet Pressure = 0.1 0.06 _____ m m Pascal

POSITION 1 : FULLY OPEN, 2/3 OPEN and 1/3 OPEN

Flow rate, Q = Input Power, Pin =

Speed N (r.p.m)

Spring Balance reading (gram)

Torque T (Nm)

Input Power Po (Watt)

Efficiency %

m3/s Watt Unit Power Pu

Unit Speed Nu

POSITION 2 : 2/3 OPEN

Flow rate, Q = Input Power, Pin =

Speed N (r.p.m)

Spring Balance reading (gram)

Torque T (Nm)

Input Power Po (Watt)

Efficiency %

m3/s Watt Unit Power Pu

Unit Speed Nu

POSITION 3 : 1/3 OPEN

Flow rate, Q = Input Power, Pin =

Speed N (r.p.m)

Spring Balance reading (gram)

Torque T (Nm)

Input Power Po (Watt)

Efficiency %

m3/s Watt Unit Power Pu

Unit Speed Nu

WAWM 2010