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Select View Mode View Mode SlideshowScroll Readcast Add a Comment Embed & Share Reading should be social! Post a message on your social networks to let others k now what you're reading. Select the sites below and start sharing. Readcast this DocumentTransparent Login to Add a Comment Share & Embed Add to Collections Download this Document for Free Auto-hide: on English Grammer - Use of Present Imperfect in English Grammar We already have discussed about Present Indefinite Tense in our previous post. S o, here I want to share some opinions about Present Imperfect Tense which is known as Pres ent Continuous Tense also. This is the most important tense to make a sentence becau se it comes in our day to day life. There are some simple rules to make Present Imperfect Te nse that you have to follow during the making sentence. Rule of Present Imperfect to make a sentence: S+is/are/am+V1+ing+O It means; S = Subject Is/are/am = auxiliary verb V1 = First form ofV erb Ing = Verb + ing O = Object I am trying. Mother is cooking. Tens e novel. going to village. , - The labour is repairing the road. I am reading the alphabet. ; Present Imperfect Tense

- What are you doing? I am readi

See, Feel, Wear, Smell, Notice, Know, Trick, Salter, Understand, Guess, Suppose, Wise, Refresh, Believe, Live, Read, Prefer, Cave, Perfect, Seem, Appear, Belong, Posse ss, Remember, Late ing Indefinite Present Imperfect -I am feeling. (Wrong) I feel. (Right) Present Imperfect ing Other Tense ing Adjective or Adverb Sensational part Sensational Part , ing I am listening transition. Now, This, Time, Present at the moment Present Imperfect Tense

Presen

Now, I am going to home. - Uses of Present Indefinite Tense Tens e ver b - We know mathematics. - You make a noise. Do/ Does V erb , ES , -

S 1 English Grammer Do/Does+S+Principal Verb+O+? ? - Do I learn English? ? - Does he sing a song? Don' t / Does n' t S+Do/Does+not+V+O. - Ram doesn't go to school. - You don't make a noise. Present Indefinite Tens e Tense

Ver b

es

, brother. (Universal Truth)

- Hindu girls tie Rak

- Bharat goes to forest to bring Ram to Ayodhya. - The sun rises in the east. routine way Indefinite - We put water in a bottle, we boil the water. Then we take tea an sugar. Then we pow it in the cup. Then we make milk and take it. Commentary Present Indefinite - Kapil throws the ball. , Present Indefinite very soon. Tens e - Valmiki says in the Ramayana. Shall W ill Shall W ill Present Indef Present Indefinite Future Indefinite , Shall/ W i What, Whatever, When, Whenever, Where, Wherever, As Soon As, As Long As, Till, Untill, Of, Unless, After, Before , Present Indef Shall W ill - I shall help you whenever you call. Always, Never, Seldom, Often, Sincerely, Every day Present Indefinite Present Indefinite - I always - Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tense We have discussed about Present Indefinite Tense and Present Imperfect Tense in our previous posts. We have known the uses of these two Tense in English Grammar. No w, I am going to share my knowledge about Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Cont inuous Tense. - Present Perfect Tense: S+Has/Have+V3+O - Mother has called. - I have watched the cinema. , Present Perfect have learnt the article. At, Ever, Already, Up to, Just, Just Now, Recently - I have come just now. 2 English Grammer Last, Past, Before, Yesterday, Then Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

I have come yesterday. (Wrong) I came yesterday. (Right) Since F or , , in Kolkata for one week. - Present Perfect Continuous Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense S+Has/Have+Been+V1+Ing+O+Since/For+Others Since Proper Noun Point of Time For: Common Noun Singular Period of Time -I have been learning English for two months. You have been reading since 9'O clock. Adject ive ,

, Plural Plural

Present Perfect Continuous Tense Noun ;

Pr incipa lV erb , -

S+Has/Have+Adjective/Noun+Since/For+Others - America has been dishonest since beginning. - India has been peaceful since 1947. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Since F or

- We have been dying for a year - We have been coming for two months. - I have been reading since 9'O clock.

- I have been living in Patna since 1999. - Use of Present Imperfect in English Grammar We already have discussed about Present Indefinite Tense in our previous post. S o, here I want to share some opinions about Present Imperfect Tense which is known as Pres ent Continuous Tense also. This is the most important tense to make a sentence becau se it comes in our day to day life. There are some simple rules to make Present Imperfect Te nse that you have to follow during the making sentence. Rule of Present Imperfect to make a sentence: S+is/are/am+V1+ing+O It means; S = Subject Is/are/am = auxiliary verb V1 = First form ofV erb Ing = Verb + ing 3 English Grammer O = Object I am trying. Mother is cooking. Tens e novel. to village.

- What are you doing? I am readi

, - The labour is repairing the road. I am reading the alphabet.

; Present Imperfect Tense

See, Feel, Wear, Smell, Notice, Know, Trick, Salter, Understand, Guess, Suppose, Wise, Refresh, Believe, Live, Read, Prefer, Cave, Perfect, Seem, Appear, Belong, Posse ss, Remember, Late ing Presen Indefinite Present Imperfect -I am feeling. (Wrong) I feel. (Right) Present Imperfect ing Other Tense ing Adjective or Adverb Sensational part Sensational Part , ing -I am listening transition. Now, This, Time, Present at the moment Present Imperfect Tense Now, I am going to home. - Past Indefinite Tense in English Grammar : S+V2+O He opened the door. I bought a pen. : S+Did+Not+V+O You didn't brake the glass. : Did+S+V+O ? Did Ram go to school? Past Indefinite Present Indefinite , - I failed in English. , Past Indefinite - The Hindu women burnt themselves with the dead body of their husband. Past Indefinite Tense - Columbus discovered America. 4 English Grammer Tense Indefinite I would go if you would say. (wrong) I would go if you said. (right) Always, Never, Seldom, Daily, Generally, Usually Just, Just now, At, Ever, Already, Up to, Recently I came just now. (wrong) I have come just now. (right) Last, Past, Ago, Before, Yesterday, Than I have come yesterday. (wrong) I came yesterday. (right) - It rained yesterday. , , Past Tense , Past Indefinite

Pas t - The teacher said that he was going. Pas t Universal Truth Pas t Pr es - My teacher said that the earth moves round the Sun. W ould W ould Past Indefini

- I always feare

Past

Past Perfect - The train had started before I reached the station. - Uses of Past Perfect Continuous in English Grammar - Past Perfect Continuous: , , , , , , s ince I had been reading for two days when I was in my school. Since For Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Pres ent Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous ? Since For Since For Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Since For Past Perfect Perfect Continuous Past Perfect ? Past Perfect Continuous ? Murariji Desai had ruled India for three year when he died. Since F or Past Perfect Continuous 5 English Grammer Indira Gandhi had been ruling India for many years when she was killed. L as t Pas t Present Perfect Perfect Continuous ? Since For La st Pas t , Pr es ent Perfect Present Perfect Continuous I have been reading English for last three hours. L as t Pas t Since For Since For Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous I had been living in my village for two months last year. - Uses of Future Indefinite and Future Perfect Tense - Future Indefinite Tense , , - We shall be succeed. - The bird will bring grain. Now Future Indefinite - I shall go now. Shall W ill I, We Shall Will Promise, word I, We Will - Future Perfect Tense I We Shall Will ,

- I shall come Present Perfect T

- I shall come when you call me. Shall

Future Perfect Ten

Future Perfect Tense By Before Future Perfect Tense By , - I shall have joined a service by 2003. Before joined service before December, 2003.

- I

Participle Uses of Participle in English Grammar ; Noun Pr onoun Participle - A drunken man told me an interesting story. dr unken int er est ing dr ink int er est , story Adjective , Particip Verb - Present Participle and Past Participle. 6 English Grammer Present Participle ing Adject ive P Participle - Burning truth, Running water etc. Past Participle D, Ed, N, NE T Adjective Past Participle - Parked car, Broken plate, Dead body, Fallen tree, Burnt etc. Participle Being Sunday I did not go out. (Wrong) Being it Sunday I did not go out. (Right) Participle , burnt child etc. - Ar t icle Present Participle Past Participle

participle

- The burning

- The burning truth, A broken chair etc. Ver y - A very interesting match. much - Much tired man. - Uses of Present Indefinite Tense , ES , -

ver b - We know mathematics. - You make a noise. Do/ Does V erb S Do/Does+S+Principal Verb+O+? ? - Do I learn English? ? - Does he sing a song? Don' t / Does n' t S+Do/Does+not+V+O. - Ram doesn't go to school. - You don't make a noise. Present Indefinite Tens e Tense

Tens e

Ver b

es

, brother. (Universal Truth)

- Hindu girls tie Rak

- Bharat goes to forest to bring Ram to Ayodhya. - The sun rises in the east. routine way Indefinite - We put water in a bottle, we boil the water. Then we take tea an Then we pow it in the cup. Then we make milk and take it. Commentary Present Indefinite - Kapil throws the ball. , Present Indefinite very soon. Tens e - Valmiki says in the Shall W ill Shall W ill Present Indef Present Indefinite Future Indefinite , Shall/ W i What, Whatever, When, Whenever, Where, Wherever, As Soon As, As Long As, Till, Untill, Of, Unless, After, Before , Present Indef Shall W ill - I shall help you whenever you call. 7 English Grammer You 3rd person pronoun in subjective case: He, She, It, One, and They 3rd person pronoun in possessive case:

His, Her/Hers, Its, Ones, Their/Theirs 3rd person pronoun in objective case: Him, Her, It, One and Them Personal Pronoun is Sentence making: Singular Noun - Plural Noun 1st Person I - We 2nd Person You - You 3rd Person He, She, It and any name - They In the sentence making process we always use a formula of Subject and Verb. If i n a subject there is plural subject then verb will take place plural. If in a sentence subje ct is singular then verb also will take place with singular. Singular subject = Singular Verb Plural Subject = Plural Verb Verb in its original form always remain as plural. To make it singular we add s or es normally.Noun normally remains as singular but to make it plural we add normally s or es. Hot Tips of Pronoun 1. If living and non-living things come as plural noun whether they are male or female, we will

use only They as third person. 2. He always use as singular noun when it is singular. For example I have a brother. He is very naughty. 3. She always use as singular noun when it is singular. For example I have a sister. She is very gentile. 4. It always use for non-living things when it is singular. For example I have a pen. It is very costly. 5. For small children we use it. For example I have a nephew. It is very active. 6. For the natural activities and incident we use it. For example It is Sunday. It is raining. 7. If personal pronoun comes together then we use the formula of 231. For example You, He and I are students. 8. If in the sentence personal pronoun come together with 1st person then we use our/ours/us. For example You, he and I are doing our work. 9. If in the sentence personal pronoun come together with 2nd person then we use your/yours/you. 20 English Grammer For example You and he are doing your work. 10. If in the sentence all the personal pronoun comes together but the sentence indicate with wrong activities then we will use the formula of 123. For example I, you and he are going to pluck the mango from his garden. - Order of Adjective in English Grammar Proper Noun Adject ive, - The Ind former. Pr onoun Adject ive - My pen, Your Common Noun Adject ive - St flower garden. Material Noun Adject ive - Golden Adjective of Number , - Two Fri Third Umpire. Ver b Adject ive , - The burning

A broken plate.

Adject ive - All/Both+The/Pronomina Adjective+Adjective of Quality (Space+Size+Colour)/Proper Adjective+Subject. Adject ive - A toll and handsome boy. Alive, Alike, Alone, Aloof, Certain, Memorial The match was worth seeing. Numerical Adjective, Possessive Adjective (N.P) - All my books are missing. Numerical Adjective, Demonstrative Adjective - All these pens are min Adjective material noun Adject ive - A broke chair. On the use of Adjective 1. Farther To show the distance between two places or products Harding Park is f arther to Patna Junction from my coaching. 2. Further To add something in the existing data I gave no further statement. 3. Former It is used to show 1st thing among two persons, two products or tow ob jects Both V.P. Singh and Chandrashekhar were prime minister of India. The former is c alled Rajamanda. 4. Latter It is used to show 2nd thing among two persons, two products or two ob jects Both V.P. Singh and Chandrasekhar were prime minister of India. The latter is called Baliya Naresh. 5. Later To show the late in any two work Magadh Express is coming later Rajdhan i Express. 6. Latest To show new and upcoming things This is the latest news. 7. Last To show the end This is the last chapter. 8. Mutual To show the good understanding between two Ram and Mohan are mutual friends. 21 English Grammer 9. Common To show the good understanding among all Dropdi was common wife. 10. Elder To show the age gap among brother or sisters who have single parents R am was elder brother. 11. Older To show the age gap among people Ravan was older than Ram. 12. Nearest To show the close distance Which is the nearest police station? 13. Next to To show the near about My house is next to the temple. 14. Cool To show the happiest cold Air is cool today. 15. Cold To show the unpleasant cold Air is cold in December and January. 16. Warm Pleasant hot I was given warm welcome. 17. Hot Unpleasant hot The day is very hot today. 18. Whole To show everything in once I have read the whole Ramayana. 19. All To show everything in all He has sold all the books. 20. Oral Related to mouth This is an oral disease. 21. Verbal Related to words There are some verbal mistakes in your sentence. Uses of Adverb in English Grammar We already have discussed about adverb and definition of adverb in our previous chapter. Now, I have to discuss about uses of adverb with some examples. Uses of Adverb : Ago: Ago - I came to Patna 3 years ago.

Before: started before I reached the station. Already: Present Perfect Tense Some Time: - I shall stay here for some time. Sometimes: , - Sometimes I think of you. Only: I only read English. , I read only English. , Only I read English. -

- The tr

- I have already seen this p , ,

Late: Adverb - I Lately: I have learnt the tense lately. Hard: He hits the ball hard. Hardly: I reached there hardly. Soon: Tense - He came soon. He comes so 22 English Grammer will come soon. Shortly, Directly, Presently: Releasing shortly, Coming presently, Showing directly etc. Still: - Is he still sleeping? still sleeping. Yet: - No he has not yet come. Very: Very is Very is Very is Very is Much: used used used used with present participle. For example - Very interesting. with positive degree. For example - Very good. before much. E.g. - I am very much tired. before very. E.g. - Very-very important.

Much is used with past participle. E.g. - Much tired. Much is used with comparative degree. E.g. - Much better than you. Much is not used before much. Much can't be used before very. Also: Also strong like Ram. Even: Even mistake. Too: young. I too have dream. Too ( ): You are too lazy. Adverb and Definition of Adverb : A very good boy. Adverb A very-very good boy. Unfortunately I failed. -

- Ravana w

- Even R

- I

Adject ive

It says sometimes something about the verb, sometimes something about adjective, sometimes something about another adverb and sometimes something about the whole sentence. Adverb of Manner: 23

English Grammer It says the mod of the verb. It generally answers the question 'how'. For example - quickly, neatly, calmly etc. Generally adverbs of manner are formed by the adding 'ly' after adjective of qua lity. For example Neat - Neatly Quick - Quickly etc. But sometimes they work without 'ly' in both - adverb and adjective. These are Best, Much, Late, Last, First, Fast, Hard, Next, Back Little, Better, Good, Less etc. Sometimes they work with 'ly' in both - adverb and adjective. These are - Yearly , Early, Daily, Weakly, Monthly etc. Adverb of Place: It says the place of the work. It generally answers the question 'where'. For ex ample - Here, There, In the corner etc. Adverb of Time: It says the time ofver b. It generally answer the question 'when'. For example - Now, This time, Present t ime, Yesterday, Ago, Last day etc. Adverb of Degree: It says the quantity of the work. It generally answers the question 'how much'. For example Little, A little, the little, Much, Less, Some, Enough etc. Adverb of Reason: It says the reason of the work. It generally answers the question 'why'. For exa mple - Since, So, Why, That is why etc. Adverb of Number: It says the number of the work. It generally answers the question 'how often'. F or example Once, Twice, Thrice, Four time, Eleven time etc. Interrogative Adverb: It asks the question about the verb. For example - What, Where, When Why, How of ten, How, How long etc. - Uses of Present Indefinite Tense ver b - We know mathematics. - You make a noise. Do/ Does V erb S Do/Does+S+Principal Verb+O+? ? - Do I learn English? ? - Does he sing a song? 24 English Grammer Don' t / Does n' t S+Do/Does+not+V+O. - Ram doesn't go to school. - You don't make a noise. Present Indefinite Tens e Tens e , ES , -

Ver b

es

- Hindu girls tie Rak

brother. (Universal Truth) Tense

- Bharat goes to forest to bring Ram to Ayodhya. - The sun rises in the east. routine way Indefinite - We put water in a bottle, we boil the water. Then we take tea an sugar. Then we pow it in the cup. Then we make milk and take it. Commentary Present Indefinite - Kapil throws the ball. , Present Indefinite very soon. Tens e - Valmiki says in the Shall W ill Shall W ill Present Indef Present Indefinite Future Indefinite , Shall/ W i What, Whatever, When, Whenever, Where, Wherever, As Soon As, As Long As, Till, Untill, Of, Unless, After, Before , Present Indef Shall W ill - I shall help you whenever you call. Always, Never, Seldom, Often, Sincerely, Every day Present Indefinite Present Indefinite - I always - Use of Verb in English Grammar 1 Auxiliary Verb (Be) Verb - is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, can, could, shall, should, will, would, may might, must, need, dare, ought to, use to. Syntax

Subject , Syntax Singular Subject Singular Verb - The boy is coming. Plural Subject Plural Verb - Boys are coming. And Singular Subject Plur al Plural - The boy and the girl are coming. And And Singular Verb - Horse and cart is standing at the door. 25 English Grammer And And Si Singular Verb - Bread and butter is a good breakfast. And Adject ive Ar t icle Sin Singular Verb - The black and white dog is barking. And Ar t icle Plural Verb - The black and the white dogs are barking. And Ar t icle Singul Singular Verb - The Prime minister and chairman of planning commission is coming to Patna. And Ar t icle Plur al Plural Verb - The Prime minister and the Petroleum minister are corrupt. Each, Either Singular Singular Verb - Each happy. Noun Noun Singular V erb Singular - E boy is laborious. Pr epos it ion Pr epos it ion Noun Pr onoun Pl V erb Singular - Each of you is laborious. And Singular Singular Verb - Each boy and laborious. Noun Pr onoun Noun Pr onoun Plur al Plur al - We each are preparing for exam. Or Nor Singular Subject Singular Verb - The boy the girl is making a noise. Or Nor Plural Subject Verb Plural - Boys or are responsible.

Or Nor Singular Plural Subject Singular Plural Or Nor Verb Plural - The teacher or students are responsible. Singular Sinular Verb - India is a rich country. , Plur Plural Verb - The teams of India are in need of two fifty runs. Omission of Article in English Grammar 1. Normally, Proper Noun doesnt take any Article before it Ram, Patna etc. 2. If common noun is in the form of plural noun, it will not take any Article Boys are playing. 3. Never use Article before the Material Noun Water is gold. 4. Abstract Noun also doesnt take any Article Love is blind. 5. Article is not used before the sports name Cricket, Football etc. 6. Before the name of weather, Article is not used summer, winter etc. 26 English Grammer 7. Before the Night and Day, Article is not used Night was dark. 8. Morning and Evening dont take any Article before it Morning is very pleasant. 9. Before Society we dont use The We live in society. 10. Before the diseases name, Article is not used Fever, Plague etc. 11. Thenoun which comes after the possessive adjective, doesnt take Article before it

My pen, Your Book etc. 12. The word which starts from By, doesnt take any article By train, By sheep etc. 13. The noun which comes after the Demonstrative Adjective, doesnt take any Articl e before it This boy etc. 14. The word which comes after the distributive adjective, doesnt take any Article Each boy is late today. 15. Before Man, Mankind, Woman, God, Father, Mother, Unique, Universal, Humanity, The is not used God is great. 16. Normally, we dont use any Article before Heaven, Paradise and Hell We believe in paradise. 17. Before the name of any languages, we dont use Article We are learning English. 18. Before the Sunset and Sunrise, Article is not used It is the time of Sunset. 19. Normally, before the Muhalla, Villages, City, State, and Country; Article is n ot used I live at Kankarbagh. 20. Before the Diner, Breakfast, Supper, Lunch etc. we dont use Article Dinner is re ady. 21. Before the Battle, Article is not used Battle is dangerous. 22. After the No, Article is not used I have no pen. 23. After the not and any, Article is not used I have not any friend. These are some omission of article which is used promptly in English Grammar. Om ission tells what is not used. Omission of Article tells where Article is not used. Use of Article in English Grammar There are two types of Article Indefinite Article (A, An) and Definite Article ( The). Use of Indefinite Article: 1. It is used for unknown A boy is standing of the door. 2. To show the measurement we use a or an 60 km an hour, 5 hundred rupees in a

month etc. 3. Whenever we use Such to show the surprise then we use a or an Such a beautiful girl! 4. Whenever we use What to show the surprise then we use a or an What a joke! 5. With the How we will use a or an to show the surprise How an ugly girl! 6. With the Many we will use a or an to show countless Many a boy is absent today. 7. With - Rest, Dip, Exercise, Hurry, Noise, Bath, Lie, Word, Walk, Nap, Headach e and Mood we will use a or an - Dont make a noise. 8. If So use to show the surprise and after it there is an adjective then we will use a or 27 English Grammer an after the adjective So beautiful a girl! 9. If As use to show the surprise and after it there is an adjective then we will use a or an after the adjective As beautiful a girl! 10. If Too use to show the surprise and after it there is an adjective then we wil l use a or an after the adjective Too dark a night! 11. Normally, an is used with (A, E, I, O, U) which is vowel but the rules says th at if the pronunciation comes with vowel in Hindi then we use an otherwise we will use a for t he Hindi consonant. For example An M.L.A, A unique, An honest man etc. Use of Definite Article: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. lf It is used for known The boy in the corner is my brother. To make certain thing we use The Remember the word, I told you first time. Before the Truth we use The I speak the truth. Before the common noun singular number we use The The chair is new. Before the parts of body name we use The The nose, The ears etc. Before all the invention we use The The watch, The pen, The computer etc. Before all the historical accident we will use The The green revolution, The Gu war

etc. 8. For the entire parts of universe name we use The The sun, The earth, The moon e tc. 9. For the name of zone we use The The east, The west etc. Note If the meaning is not related to zone then we will not include Article East o r west India is the best. 10. Each noun which comes before preposition takes definite article The Gold of South Africa. 11. Before all the religious books we use definite article The Ramayana, The Bib le etc. 12. Before all the novels, serials, and films name we use definite article The Go dan, The Santi, The Devdas etc. 13. Before the superlative degree definite article take place The best, The wors t etc. 14. Before the Former and Latter we use The The former chapter is more interesting than

the latter chapter. 15. For the parallel comparison we use definite article The more Pepsi, the more crickets. 16. For the musical instrument use of definite article is necessary The Tabla, T he Harmonium etc. 17. For the news papers definite article is necessary The Aryavart, The Hindusta n etc. After the case chapter article is most important chapter in the English Language . If you complete the chapter your writing skills will develop soon. 28 Present Download this Document for FreePrintMobileCollectionsReport Document Report this document? Please tell us reason(s) for reporting this document Spam or junk Porn adult content Hateful or offensive If you are the copyright owner of this document and want to report it, please fo llow these directions to submit a copyright infringement notice. Report Cancel This is a private document. Question_small Info and Rating Reads: 1,548 Uploaded: 06/08/2010 Category: School Work Rated: Copyright: Attribution Non-commercial Attribution_noncommercial tenses and all english grammer english grammer (fewer) Follow Nidhi Handa Nidhi Handa Share & Embed Related Documents PreviousNext 1. p. p. p. 2. p. p.

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