Kristof Baten: L2 German Case Development: From Marking The Position To Marking The Function

From Marking the Position to Marking the Function Kristof Baten
From marking the position to marking the function Kristof Baten - 13/09/2011
PLEASE CITE AS:

Baten, K. (2011). From Marking the Position to Marking the Function. Presentation delivered at the 11th PALA Symposium, Processability Approaches to Language Acquisition, Innsbruck, Austria, September 12-13.
OUTLINE SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT CASE DEVELOPMENT RESULTS OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY

SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT Canonical word order: S V O

agent SUBJ Initial NP Der Hund jagt die Katze The dog chases the cat.
SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT
ADJ S V O
*drauen der Hund jagt die Katze outside the-NOM dog chases the-ACC cat
ADJ V S O
drauen jagt der Hund die Katze outside chases the-NOM dog the-ACC cat
OBJ V SUBJ
die Katze jagt der Hund the-ACC cat chases the-NOM dog
CASE DEVELOPMENT
First: features that require no or little procedural energy From least marked, feature-scant towards more feature-rich and more marked structures
Lees universal scale of unmarked mapping
GF: SUBJ > Non-SUBJ Case: NOM > OBL Position: initial > Non-initial
CASE DEVELOPMENT ALL-NOMINATIVE STAGE DIRECT MAPPING POSITION MARKING FUNCTIONAL MARKING
ALL-NOMINATIVE
Nominative forms in every context Nominative forms Case markers Abstract case marking: SV-agreement Canonical word order to convey semantic relations
DIRECT CASE MAPPING

Der Hund jagt den Hasen The dog chases the hare. | | agent non-agent | | initial NP non-initial NP | | SUBJ non-SUBJ | | NOM non-NOM
POSITION MARKING
= extension of direct mapping = nominative subject, accusative direct object and dative indirect object
DOR: der vater bringt ihm *seinen buchertasche the father brings [him-DAT]IO [his-ACC bookcase]DO (correct: seine Buchertasche his-ACC:FEM bookcase)
FUNCTIONAL MARKING
Non-canonical word order Case markers irrespective of position
*STE: ja den knopf hat er ausgezogen yes the-ACC button has he pulled.off *STE: die oma erzahlt eine geschichte / dem einzelkind the grandma tells a story the-DAT grandchild
CASE DEVELOPMENT
all-nominative < direct case mapping < position marking (canonical word order) < functional marking (non-canonical)
RESULTS
Longitudinal study Oral language production data
11 learners: 9 pupils and 2 university students Over a period of two years
ALL-NOMINATIVE
Preverbal subject
JEL time t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 + * 14 9 26 18 47 13 38 30 56 14 47 5 4 0 0 5 0 0 + 30 55 58 75 64 51
*
Posterverbal object
SIL TIN time 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 24 32 36 51 66 46
*
MIC 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 12 40 39 51 59 45
JEL 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 1 0 4 2 1 0
* -
MIC + 0 1 3 2 0 0
* -
SIL + 1 0 1 0 1 3
* -
TIN + 1 3 0 0 0 0
* -
7 9 13 20 28 23
16 17 16 21 25 28
20 13 10 11 13 17
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
4 10 20 25 23 14
1 2 1 4 12 9
5 12 17 30 39 20
12 6 6 11 14 10
5 13 19 27 22 22
2 3 0 10 11 13
8 17 26 17 24 17
1 4 4 16 13 6
ALL-NOMINATIVE
*ANO: und euh der passant euh nehmt *der comic (14513) and euh the-NOM passerby euh takes the comic *MIC: du siehst nur die mutter und *der sohn (19762) you-NOM see only the mother and the son *JEL: *der schlange isst esst *der tiger (19499) the-NOM:MASC snake (fem.) eats eats the tiger (correct: die Schlange the-NOM:FEM snake)
ALL-NOMINATIVE
Indirect object in canonical position
JEL DAT ACC N/A N/(D) NOM (1) 3 2 3 1 MIC SIL 1 1 6 7 1 TIN
3 3
DIRECT CASE MAPPING

Preverbal subject
ANO time t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 + 26 42 44 68 62 39
*
CHA 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 21 46 39 48 47 37
*
DOR 0 0 1 0 1 1 + 13 31 49 60 64 22
*
MYR 0 0 0 6 0 2 + 11 45 43 51 63 18
*
STI 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 16 41 46 37 57 34
*
BUR 2 4 4 0 0 0 + 29 39 76 63
*
STE 1 0 1 0 + 27 58 57 88
*
11 4 6 12 4 17
17 4 6 14 8 24
7 12 25 23 39 32
15 7 9 25 23 27
20 3 12 21 13 13
21 7 16 33
26 10 15 23
0 0 0 0
DIRECT CASE MAPPING

Postverbal object
ANO time t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 + 1 0 1 3 26 11
*
CHA 3 5 5 10 3 7 + 9 3 11 21 17 18
*
DOR 1 2 2 1 1 1 + 0 1 6 15 7 15
*
MYR 2 5 1 10 10 2 + 0 2 4 1 3 5
*
STI 4 7 3 9 7 6 + 3 3 7 1 2 2
*
BUR 2 2 1 1 4 7 + 9 6 18 19
*
STE 1 1 1 1 + 15 12 13 46
*
6 12 15 19 9 7
5 12 14 13 11 16
3 8 23 26 25 12
4 15 13 22 26 13
5 9 18 25 20 17
16 11 31 20
6 10 10 11
1 0 0 0
DIRECT CASE MAPPING

*STI: sie liest den brief (23901) er hat einen brief (23850) she reads the-ACC:MASC letter he has a-ACC:MASC latter *MYR: der sohn euh nehmt seine // nimmt *seinen fahrrad (21589) the son euh takes his // takes his-ACC:MASC bicycle (correct: das Fahrrad the-ACC:NEUT bicycle) *DOR: der mutter euh schickt den jungen weg (16878) the mother euh sends the-ACC:MASC boy-ACC away
POSITION MARKING
Indirect object in canonical position ANO BUR CHA DOR MYR DAT 2 7 4 5 ACC 4 2 13 1 N/A 3 1 4 3 4 N/(D) 3 4 6 4 NOM 1 1
STE 3 2
STI 2 3 3
POSITION MARKING
Learner ANO BUR CHA DOR STE Data point t5 t4 t5 t5 t4 Attestations der vater gebt dem buhmann einen uppercut er gebt seinem sohn den zweiten knopf er gibt dem buhmann einen uppercut und der vater bringt ihm *seinen bchertasche der vater muss seinem sohn noch einen knopf geben
NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT

Data point t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 ANO BUR 2 CHA DOR JEL MIC MYR SIL STE STI TIN
3ACC
1ACC
1 1
3 1
1 1
2 1
6ACC

*TIN: aber *der anderen stock lsst der hund liegen but [the-NOM other cane]INANIM leaves [the dog]ANIM untouched (correct: den anderen Stock the-ACC:MASC other-ACC stock) *SIL:*der ersten geht er holen und *der zweite stock lsst er liegen [the-NOM first]INANIM goes heANIM fetch and [the-NOM second cane]INANIM leaves heANIM untouched (correct: den ersten the-ACC:MASC first-ACC; den zweiten Stock the-ACC:MASC second-ACC stock)

*CHA: und euh den stock der anderen mann ja lasst euh er liegen and euh the-ACC:MASC cane of the other man yeah leaves euh he untouched *CHA: euh er ja geht den stock halen euh holen ins wasser euh he yeah goes the-ACC:MASC cane euh fetch in the water

*BUR: den einen holt er zurck .. und den anderen lsst er im wasser the-ACC one-ACC fetches he back and the-ACC other-ACC leaves he in.the water *BUR: er wirft auch seinen stock ins wasser he throws also his-ACC cane into the water *BUR: der stock ist noch im wasser the-NOM cane is still in.the water

*STE: den butler ruft der vater an (28322) the-ACC butler rings the father
NON-CANONICAL INDIRECT OBJECT

ANO t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 BUR CHA DOR 1 JEL 1 1 1 1 2DAT 8DAT 2 1 3DAT 1ACC 1ACC 1 2 1 MIC MYR 1 2 SIL 1 STE 3DAT 1 2DAT 2DAT STI TIN 1 1 2 1 1
NON-CANONICAL INDIRECT OBJECT

*STE: eine oma erzhlt eine geschichte dem einzelkind a grandma tells a story the-DAT grandchild *CHA: aber der vater verbietet es ihm but the father forbids it him-DAT *BUR: diesen knopf gibt er seinem sohn this-ACC button give he-NOM his-DAT son
CONCLUSION
Implicational sequence Canonical word order < Direct case mapping < Position marking < Functional marking From marking the position to marking the function
CONCLUSION
JEL FUNCTIONAL MARKING POSITION MARKING DIRECT MAPPING ALLNOMINATIVE + MIC + SIL + TIN + STI + + MYR + + DOR + + + ANO + + + CHA + + + + BUR + + + + STE + + + +
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Kristof Baten: L2 German Case Development: From Marking The Position To Marking The Function

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From Marking the Position to Marking the Function Kristof Baten

PLEASE CITE AS:

OUTLINE SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT CASE DEVELOPMENT RESULTS OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY

SYNTACTIC DEVELOPMENT Canonical word order: S V O

DIRECT CASE MAPPING

DIRECT CASE MAPPING

DIRECT CASE MAPPING

DIRECT CASE MAPPING

NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT

NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT

NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT

NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT

NON-CANONICAL DIRECT OBJECT

NON-CANONICAL INDIRECT OBJECT

NON-CANONICAL INDIRECT OBJECT

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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