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BIOLOGY DIAGRAMS
2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3

Flagella Pili

Ribosomes

Plasma membrane Nucleoid (DNA) Cytoplasm

Cell wall

Prokaryotic cell - E. coli

Cell wall: Plasma membrane: Cytoplasm: Pili: Flagella: Ribosomes: Nucleoid:

protects cell from rupture caused by osmosis and possible harm from other organisms a barrier that regulates and controls the entry and exit of nutrients and waste products site of the chemical reactions of life enable attachment to surfaces and other bacteria bring about movement, locomotion. Are hollow and spin site of protein synthesis region containing naked DNA that is circular

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2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nucleolus

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Lysosome

Rough ER Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria

Eukaryotic cell Liver cell Free ribosomes: protein synthesis Rough endoplasmic reticulum: site of protein synthesis Lysosome: membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down food and foreign matter Golgi apparatus: site of synthesis of chemicals required by the cell, which are packaged into vesicles before these bud off from the margins Mitochondria: carry out cellular respiration, converts chemical energy into useable energy (ATP) Nucleus: regulates and controls the functions of the cell, protect DNA Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: site of lipid synthesis Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis, converts light energy into chemical energy Flagella: solid (9+2) and with a whip like motion, longer and less abundant Cilia: shorter but abundant
2.4.1

Peripheral protein

Glycoprotein

Phospholipid bilayer

Cholesterol

Structure of plasma membrane Integral protein (Fluid mosaic model)

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3.1.4

Oxygen atom negatively charged Water molecule (with an overall neutral charge, positive and negative poles balance out)
O H

H O

Hydrogen atom positively charged

H H

+ Hydrogen bond Structure of water molecule

3.3.5

Diagram 1: Molecular structure of DNA

Sugar (deoxyribose)

Purine base

Covalent bonds (strong)

Hydrogen bonds (weak)

C
Phosphate Pyrimidine base
5.2.1

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is maintained by a balance between the fixation of this gas during photosynthesis and release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by respiration, combustion, and decay of microorganisms. CO2 in the air
Decay by saprotrophic microbes

Weathering and industrial lime production

Precipitation Burning

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Green plants Eaten

Chalk deposits

Exceptional geological conditions Fossil fuels Skeletons and shells of animals

Humus in soil

Death, faeces, urea

Animals
Death

The carbon cycle

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5.3.2 & 5.3.3

1.

2.

3.

4.

Lag phase A period of adaptation to conditions, little or no rate in natality Exponential growth phase A period of no constraints on growth, high natality and low mortality Due to adequate nutrients available to support population Linear growth phase Natality starts to fall but still exceeds mortality Due to a developing shortage of nutrients and accumulating waste products Plateau growth phase Natality and mortality rates are equal so population size is constant. Environment has reached it carrying capacity Diagram 1: The digestive system

The sigmoid curve of growth 1 2 3 4

No. of living organism

Time

6.1.4

Mouth Oesophagus

Liver Stomach Gall bladder Pancreas

Small intestine

Large intestine

Anus

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6.2.1

Diagram of human heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through heart

6.4.4

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6.5.2

Structure of a motor neuron

6.6.1

Male reproduction system

Female reproduction system

High level
7.4.5

Peptide bond

Amino acid

8.1.3

Structure of mitochondrion

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8.2.1

Structure of chloroplast

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9.1.1

The distribution of tissues in the stem and leaf of a sunflower

Inside the epidermis of a stem, the vascular tissue (xylem for water transport and phloem for transport of organic solutes) is located as vascular bundles. In a dicotyledonous plant such as a sunflower, the vascular bundles are arranged in the ring and are positioned towards the outside of the stem.

11 The leaf of dicotyledonous plants also have an epidermis layer containing the vascular tissue (vascular bundles), referred to as veins. The veins support the cells of the leaf which is mainly composed of tissue known as mesophyll.

9.3.1

9.3.3

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11.2.2

Diagram of human elbow joint label a diagram

11.2.6

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11.3.2

Diagram of kidney

11.4.6

Diagram of mature sperm

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Diagram of mature egg