Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
The Article
The Article
The Article
I. The Indefinite Article: A/ AN (Articolul nehotarat)
A este folosit:
An este folosit:
- inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu o vocala: e.g. an apple (un mar)
- inaintea cuvintelor care incep cu “h” mut: e.g. an hour (o ora)/ an heir (un mostenitor)/
an heiress (o mostenitoare)/ an honour (o onoare)
- inaintea literelor si numerelor pronuntate sau scrise cu o vocala: e.g. an M [em] (un m),
an N [en] (un n), an S [es] (un s), an 8 (eight) (un opt)
FOLOSIRE:
3. folosit cu sensul de “one”, “any”, “it doesn’t matter which” (unul/ una, oricare,
nu conteaza care):
e.g. Birds of a feather flock together./ We are of an age. (Cine se aseamana se aduna./
Noi avem aceeasi varsta.)
e.g. not a word (nici un cuvant), not a trace (nici o urma), not a thought (nici un gand)
e.g. one at a time (unul odata), at a draught = in one gulp (dintr-o inghititura)
e.g. once a month (o data pe luna), twice a year (de doua ori pe an), three times a week
(de trei ori pe saptamana), 40 miles an hour (40 de mile pe ora), 5 euro a kilo (5 euro pe kg)
11. folosit inaintea substantivelor care denota o profesie, nationalitatea, sexul, functia,
religia, etc.
e.g. She is a singer. (Ea este o cantareata.)/ He is a man. (El este un barbat.)/ I
am an Orthodox. (Sunt Ortodox.)
!!! Dupa verbele “to elect (a alege), to appoint (a desemna), to name (a numi) ” se
foloseste articolul zero atunci cand substantivul denota o functie detinuta de o singura persoana
la un moment dat:
e.g. She started out as a teacher, but turned dancer. (Ea a inceput ca profesoara, dar [si-a
schimbat meseria si] s-a facut/ a devenit dansatoare.)
Quite a few pupils (many pupils) want to study to become doctors nowadays. (Chiar
multi elevi vor sa invete ca sa devina doctori in zilele noastre.)
I know a little (mult/ destul) about what happened that night. (Stiu ceva despre ce s-
a intamplat in acea noapte.)
e.g. She is quite a nice person. (Ea chiar este o persoana draguta.) / It is rather a bad
idea. (Este o idee cam rea.)
14. folosit in urmatoarele constructii: a lot of (o multime de)/ a plethora of/ a flurry
of/ a wealth of/ a great deal of/ an amount of/ a great many + noun plural/ many a + noun
singular ( toate inseamana o multime de)
e.g. She has a plethora of friends/ a lot of friends/ many a friend/ a great many friends. =
Ea are multi prieteni.
e.g. the Sun (soarele), the Earth (Pamantul), the Moon (luna), the air (aerul), the
Bible (Biblia), the Lord (Dumnezeu), the universe (universul), the Milky Way
(Calea Lactee), the French Revolution (Revolutia franceza), the Second World
War (BUT: World War II) (Al doilea Razboi Mondial), the Ice Age (Epoca de
Gheata), the Renaissance (Renasterea), the Sphinx (Sfinxul), the Acropolis, the
Taj Mahal, the equator (ecuatorul), the Anctartic (Anctartica), the South (Sudul),
the North (Nordul), etc.
3. inaintea “one (unul), other (altul), rest (restul), last (ultimul), first (primul),
only (singurul), next (urmatorul)”:
The first to enter the room was Tom. (Primul care a intrat in camera a fost
Tom.)
e.g. She was by far the best at English. (Ea este de departe cea mai buna la
engleza.)
e.g. The second thing we did was eat. (Al doilea lucru pe care l-a facut a fost sa
manance.)
e.g. The Odeon, The British Museum, the Tate (Gallery), The Patria, the Ritz
Hotel, etc.
e.g. the Atlantic Ocean (Oceanul Atlantic), the Black Sea (Marea Neagra), the
Danube (Dunarea), the Suez canal (Canalul Suez), the Lake of Constance (lacul Constanta)
- deserturi:
e.g. the Sahara (Sahara), the Gobi Desert (desertul Gobi)
- lanturi muntoase (DAR NU DENUMIRILE DE MUNTI INDIVIDUALI:
e.g. Mount Everest - Muntele Everest):
e.g. the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Himalayas, the Carpathians, the Rocky Mountains
e.g. the Bahamas, the Caribbean, the Orkney Islands, etc.
- stramtorile:
- paduri
e.g. The Sudan (Sudanul), The Congo (Congo), The Argentine (Republic)
(Argentina), The Vatican (Vaticanul), The Hague (Haga)
e.g. to play the clarinet/ the piano/ the harp (A canta la clarinet/ pian/ harpa)
to dance the tango/ the rumba/ the waltz (a dansa tango/ rumba/ vals)
e.g. the Welsh (galezii), the Dutch (olandezii), the Chinese (chinezii)
e.g. the King (Regele), the Queen (Regina), the President (Presedintele), the
Prince of Wales (Printul de Wales)
e.g. in the house (in casa), at the table (la masa), to the cinema/ theatre, in the sky
(pe cer), at the radio (la radio), in the village (in sat), in the morning (dimineata), etc.
DAR NU: on TV (la televizor), at sea (pe mare), at work (la munca), at home
(acasa), at dawn (in zori), at dusk (la apus), at noon (la pranz), at night (noaptea), at
midnight (la miezul noptii), by day/ night (ziua/ noaptea), at 5 o’clock (la 5 fix), on holiday
(in vacanta), by car/ bus/ train (cu masina/ trenul/ autobuzul), on foot (pe jos)
e.g. This is the Jane I told you about. (Aceasta este acea Jane de care ti-am spus.) -
DAR: Jane is nice. (Jane este draguta.)
The lunch I had with you was very good. (Pranzul pe care l-am luat cu tine a fost
foarte bun.) - DAR; Lunch is my favourite meaL. (Pranzul este masa mea preferata.)
e.g. I was at the seaside in (the) summer. (Am fost la mare vara.)
III. The Zero Article (Articolul zero)
FOLOSIRE:
2. dupa substantivele “rank (rang)” and “title (titlu)” si dupa “to turn”(a
deveni), “to elect (a alege)”, "to appoint (a desemna)", "to name (a numi)"
I used to be a teacher, but then I turned interior designer. (Obisnuiam sa fiu
profesor, dar pe urma am devenit designer de interioare.)
e.g. She was daughter of the PM. (Ea era fiica Primului Ministru.)
James Smith, father of twins, was here today. (James Smith, tata de gemeni,
a fost aici azi.)
e.g. Child though she was, she knew a lot of things. (Desi era copil, stia multe
lucruri.)
e.g. Mankind is on the brink of destruction. (Omenirea este pe punctul sa fie
distrusa.)
e.g. by hand (de mana), at hand (la indemana), on foot (pe jos), from head to
foot (din cap pana in picioare), from top to toe (din cap pana in picioare), by
chance (din intamplare), by mistake (din greseala), at present (in prezent), at first
sight (la prima vedere), for ages (de veacuri), hand in hand (mana in mana), day
by day (zi de zi), arm in arm (brat la brat), from cover to cover (din scoarta in
scoarta), from corner to corner (din colt in colt), face to face (fata in fata), from
dawn to dusk (din zori pana la asfintit), from beginning to end (de la inceput pana
la sfarsit), from right to left (de la dreapta la stanga), from west to north (de la
vest la nord), husband and wife (sot si sotie), cheek to cheek (obraz langa obraz),
on deck (pe punte) etc.
e.g. Love is wonderful when there is still hope. (Dragostea este minunata cand
mai este inca speranta.)
13. cu nume proprii. DACA numele proprii au adjective descriptive in fata cu care
formeaza o unitate
compacta old (batran), young (tanar), dear (drag), poor (sarac), honest (onest)
atunci se pune tot articolul zero: :
Poor, old John always talks too much. (Saracul batranul John intotdeauna
vorbeste prea mult.)
e.g. to play tennis/ football/ volleyball (a juca tenis/ fotbal/ volei)
e.g. My favourite colour is red. (Culoarea mea preferata este rosu.)
May is a wonderful month to get married. (Mai este o luna minunata in care
sa te casatoresti.)
e.g. (eastern) Europe (Europa - de Est), (central) France (Franta - Centrala),
Kent, London (Londra)
EXCEPTII: The Sudan, The Congo, The Vatican, The Argentine (Republic), The
Hague, The Netrerlands, The Republic of Indonesia, The Bronx
e.g. Elbrus, Vesuvius, Mont Blanc, Everest, Cyprus, Rhodes, Corfu, Easter Island,
Hawaii
e.g. Lake Ontario, Lake Superior, Loch Lamond (Loch = Lake), Hudson Bay (Golful
Hudson)
- Nume de strazi, parcuri si piete (!!! daca sunt dintr-o tara straina atunci
primesc THE: e.g. The Rue de Rivoli in Paris):
e.g. Oxford Street, Pall Mall, Hyde Park, Russell Square, Washington Square
e.g. I have to take bus 23. (Trebuie sa iau autobuzul numarul 23.)
23. atunci cand cuvintele: bed (pat), church (biserica), college (colegiu),
university (universitate), school (scoala), court (judecatorie), hospital (spital), prison
(inchisoare), sea (mare) sunt folosite cu scopul pentru care au fost create se foloseste
Articolul Zero.
e.g. He went to prison. (because he had committed a crime) (El a mers la
inchisoare/ a fost inchis - pentru ca a comis o crima.)
My mother is very sick, so we are taking her to hospital. (Mama mea este
foarte bolnava asa ca o ducem la spital.)
He is at sea. (because he is a sailor.) (El este pe mare/ navigheaza pe mare. -
pentru ca este marinar)
DAR daca punem THE in fata acestor cuvinte, inseamna ca ele sunt folosite cu alt
scop decat cel initial:
e.g. She went to the prison to visit her husband. ( who was there because he had
committed a crime) (Ea s-a dus la inchisoare sa il viziteze pe sotul ei - care era acolo
pentru ca a comis o crima.)
He goes to the church on Monday to talk with the priest. (El se duce la biserica
lunea ca sa vorbeasca cu preotul.)
We are going to the hospital to visit our mother who is there because she is
sick. (Noi ne ducem la spital sa o vizitam pe mama noastra care este acolo pentru ca este
bolnava.)
I am going to the bed to get the coat on it and then we can leave. (Ma duc pana
la pat sa iau haina de pe el si pe urma putem pleca.)
e.g. She has flu/ the flu. (Ea are gripa.)
exista cazuri cand articolul nehotarat se poate folosi sau omite:
e.g. to catch (a) cold (a raci), to have (a) toothache (a avea o durere de dinti), to
have (a) stomach-ache (a durea stimacul) , to have (a) backache (a avea o durere de spate)
Nu se foloseste articol cu nume de boli ca: measles (pojar), mumps (oreion),
shingles (zona zoster), high blood pressure (tensiune), gout (guta), hepatitis (hepatita),
influenza (gripa), rheumatism (reumatism).
e.g. Jim’s Cafe, Harrods, Lloyds Bank, Glasgow Airport, Edinburgh Castle,
Windsor Castle
DAR daca denumirea nu are nume propriu in ea atunci se foloseste articolul
hotarat in fata:
... Prancing Pony was ... inn in ... village of Bree, where ... Frodo and his friends first
met ... Strider.
(The Prancing Pony pt. ca este nume de han care nu are nume propriu in el/ an pt. ca
vorbim de han pentru prima oara si cuvantul INN (han) incepe cu o
vocala/ the pentru ca avem OF in constructie/ si zero pentru Frodo si Strider pt. ca
sunt nume proprii)
d) -/ a/ the/ -/ -