Science-7

Unit 5 Vocabulary & Nutrition-Digestion Study Guide

Mr. Muller

1. Deficient-something lacks, missing 2. Vitamin A-helps skin stay nice and healthy, found in carrots 3. Vitamin C-found in fruit and green vegetables, oranges and lemons, prevents scurvy 4. Scurvy-disease caused by lack of Vitamin C 5. Organic food-food that has been grown without the use of manufactured chemicals 6. Fiber-bulky material found in cereal, fruits, and green vegetables, helps keep food moving through the gut 7. Vitamin D-gives you strong bones and teeth, found in milk, butter, and sunlight 8. Anaemia-deficiency in red blood cells or lack iron, causes people to become very tired 9. Calcium-mineral, found in milk and cheese, gives you strong bones and teeth 10. Mineral-all rocks are made up of substances called minerals. Rocks are made up of different minerals or different mixtures of minerals. 11. Iron-metallic element, found in liver and eggs, used in your body to make blood

Science-7

Unit 5 Vocabulary & Nutrition-Digestion Study Guide

Mr. Muller

12. Iodine-non-metallic element found in fish, used by the thyroid gland to produce a hormone that helps growth 13. Goitre-disease caused by not eating enough iodine, causes thyroid-gland in the neck to swell 14. Water-compound of hydrogen and oxygen , water is the solvent in which all chemical reactions in the body take place 15. Fertilizers-substance used to keep soil fertile, helps make plants grow 16. Pesticides-chemical used to kill insects and pests 17. Hormone-substance in the body that makes changes happen, can also be given to farm animals to help make them grow 18. Nutrients-useful substances present in food 19. Carbohydrates-nutrients found in foods such as bread, which gives you energy, also found in sweet potatoes and spaghetti 20. Fats-nutrients found in butter, gives you energy and insulates your body 21. Proteins-nutrients found it fish, used in your body for growth and repair 22. Vitamins-substances that are needed in the diet in very small amounts 23. Vitamin B12-vitamin that prevents anaemia 24. Roughage-another word for fiber in the diet 25. Rickets-disease caused by not eating enough Vitamin D, causes your bones to become soft 26. Obese-people who are overweight for their height 27. Anorexia Nervosa-eating disorder 28. Vegetarians-people who do not eat any meat 29. Vegans-people who don't eat any animal products 30. Digestion-Process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules 31. Incisors: teeth in the front of the mouth for tearing food 32. Molars-teeth in the back of the mouth used for grinding food 33. Canine-teeth for piercing and tearing meat 34. Digestive System-the organ system that breaks down your food into smaller molecules and absorbs them 35. Gut-9 meter long tube which food passes between the mouth and the anus, and where digestion and absorption take place

Science-7

Unit 5 Vocabulary & Nutrition-Digestion Study Guide

Mr. Muller

36. Gullet-the part of the gut that links the mouth and the stomach, also known as the oesophagus 37. Peristalsis- movement of the gut wall to push the food along 38. Stomach-the part of the gut where food is churned up and mixed with enzymes in acidic conditions 39. Enzymes-proteins that speed up the breakdown of food in digestion 40. Small Intestine-the part of the gut where enzymes and bile are added in alkaline conditions to digest the different substances in food, absorption takes place here 41. Absorption-process by which digested food passes through the lining of the small intestine 42. Villi-finger-like structures in the small intestine which increase the area for absorption of digested food 43. Large Intestine-the part of the gut where the waste food is stored and water is absorbed 44. Anus-opening through which undigested food passes out of the body 45. Egestion-passing of undigested food out of the body 46. Faeces-the undigested food that is egested 47. Glucose-a small molecule formed by breaking down carbohydrates or made by plants in photosynthesis 48. Glycerol-small molecule formed along with fatty acids by breaking down fats 49. Respiration-process by which plants and animals break down their food to release the chemical energy from it 50. Mitochondria-small structures inside cells where respiration takes place 51. Haemoglobin-a chemical in red blood cells that carries oxygen around the body 52. Aerobic Respiration-process by which plants and animals use oxygen from the air to break down their food to release the chemical energy from it 53. Ethanol-substance produced by yeast as fermentation, also called alcohol. 54. Fermentation-anaerobic respiration carried out by yeast 55. Amino acid-small molecules formed by breaking down proteins 56. Fatty acid-small molecules formed along with glycerol by breaking down fats 57. Lactic acid-substance produced by anaerobic respiration in animals 58. Anaerobic Respiration-process by which plants and animals break down their food to release the chemical energy from it, without using oxygen from the air 59. Expands-gets bigger, increases in size 60. Contract-to get smaller, decrease in size