PROBABILITY

AFTERSCHO☺OL
– DEVELOPING CHANGE MAKERS
CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
PGPSE PROGRAMME –
World’ Most Comprehensive programme in social
entrepreneurship & spiritual entrepreneurship
OPEN FOR ALL FREE FOR ALL

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 PROBABILITY
Dr. T.K. Jain.
AFTERSCHO☺OL
Centre for social entrepreneurship
Bikaner M: 9414430763
tkjainbkn@yahoo.co.in
www.afterschool.tk, www.afterschoool.tk
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 WHAT IS PROBABILITY?
• Possibility of favourable events / total
number of events.
• For example:
• I toss a coin and want to get Head, the
probability is ½
• (because there are only two possibilities :
Head and Tail).

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 What is highest probability?
• 1 (when there is absolute certainity).

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 What is the least probability?
• Zero
• (when an event is impossible).

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 What is the probability of getting
an even number on tossing a dice?
• Even numbers are: 2,4,6
• Thus there are 3 favourable possibilities,
Total possibilities are 6 (1,2,3,4,5,6,)
• Thus probability is 3 / 6
• Thus answer is ½.

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 What is the probability of getting
an odd number on tossing a dice?
• Odd numbers are 1,3,5
• Thus there are 3 favourable possibilities,
Total possibilities are 6 (1,2,3,4,5,6,)
• Thus probability is 3 / 6
• Thus answer is ½.

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 What are the total number of
possibilities if I toss a coin 4 times
• The possibilities are as under:
• H = Head, T = Tail
• HHHH, HHHT, THTH,, HHTT, HTTT,
TTTT, TTTH, TTHH, HTHT,
HTTH,THHT,HTHH,THTT,
HHTH,TTHT,THHH
• OR
• 2*2*2*2 = 2^4
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 I TOSS A DICE 2 TIMES, WHAT
ARE THE TOTAL POSSIBILITIES?
• THE POSSIBILITIES ARE :
• 11,12,13,14,15,16,21,23,24,25,26,31,32,3
3,34,35,36,41,42,43,44,45,46,51,52,53,54
,55,56,61,62,63,64,65,66
• THUS THERE ARE 36 POSSIBILITIES.
• OR
• 6^2
• OR 6*6 = 36 ANSWER.
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A DICE IS ROLLED TWICE, WHAT
IS THE PROBABILITY OF
GETTING A DIFFERENCE OF 2
POINTS? `Q1@
• The total number of possibilities are
6*6 = 36.
• The possibilities of difference of 2 are:
• 13,24,35,46,31,42,53,64.
• Thus there are 8 possibilities. Thus
answer is 8/36 or 2/9 answer
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 A DICE IS ROLLED THRICE,
WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY OF
GETTING A TOTAL OF 15 OR
MORE?
• The total number of possibilities are :
6*6*6 = 216
• Possibilities are:
666,665,656,566,556,565,655,664,646,46
6,555,654,645,456,465,564,546,663,636,
366,
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• Answer = 20 / 216 .
 A dice is thrown twice, what is the
probability that we get 7 or more as
total points?

• Total number of possibilities = 36

• Total of 7 or more:
16,61,25,52,34,43,26,62,35,53,44,36,63,4
5,54,46,64,55,56,65,66
• Thus the total number of possibilities are
21
• Thus our answer is 21/36
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 What is the chance of picking up a
spade from a pack of cards?
• There are 13 spades in a pack of playing
cards.
• There are 52 cards.
• Thus the probability is 13/52 answer.

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 What is the probability of getting a
2 digit number which is divisible by
4 out of all 2 digit numbers?

• Total number of 2 digit numbers are:

• (count from 10 to 99)
• 100 – 9 = 91 -1 = 90
• 100/4 gives you 25, which include 4,8,100,
thus total number of 2 digit numbers
divisible by 4 are 25 – 3 (4,8,100) = 22
• Answer = 22/90
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 What is the probability that you
form a 4 digit number from 2,3,5,7
and this number is divisible by 4?

• Total number of 4 digit numbers are : 4*3*2*1 =

24
• The numbers divisible should have last 2 digits
divisible by 4. The possibilities at the end are :
32,72, 52,. For each of these numbers, you have
2 more options, for example for 32, you have
5732 and 7532. Thus the probability is 6
(5732,7532,37527352,3572,7352) our of 24 or ¼
answer.
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 What is the probability that you
form a 4 digit number from 2,3,5,7
and this number is divisible by 8?

• The last 3 digits must be divisible by 8.

thus the possibilities are : 752,352,
• Thus there are two possibilities only.
• Thus answer is 2 / 24
• =1/12 answer

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 What is the chance of picking a
spade or a king from a pack of
cards?

• There are 13 spades. There are 4 kings.

• Thus there are 13+4 -1 (because one king
is of spade itself). = 16 cards.
• Thus there are total 52 cards.
• Thus the answer is 16/52.

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 ABOUT AFTERSCHO☺OL
Afterschoool conducts three year integrated PGPSE
(after class 12th along with IAS / CA / CS) and 18
month PGPSE (Post Graduate Programme in Social
Entrepreneurship) along with preparation for CS / CFP /
CFA /CMA / FRM. This course is also available online
also. It also conducts workshops on social
entrepreneurship in schools and colleges all over India –
start social entrepreneurship club in your institution
today with the help from afterschoool and help us in
developing society.

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 Why such a programme?
• To promote people to take up entrepreneurship
and help develop the society
• To enable people to take up franchising and
other such options to start a business / social
development project
• To enable people to take up social development
as their mission
• To enable people to promote spirituality and
positive thinking in the world

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 Who are our supporters?
• Afterschoolians, our past beneficiaries,
entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs
are supporting us.
• You can also support us – not necessarily
by money – but by being promotor of our
concept and our ideas.

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 About AFTERSCHO☺OL PGPSE – the
best programme for developing great
entrepreneurs
• Most flexible, adaptive but rigorous programme
• Available in distance learning mode
• Case study focused- latest cases
• Industry oriented practical curriculum
• Designed to make you entrepreneurs – not just
an employee
• Option to take up part time job – so earn while
you learn
• The only absolutely free course on internet
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 Workshops from
AFTERSCHO☺OL
• IIF, Delhi
• CIPS, Jaipur
• ICSI Hyderabad Branch
• Gyan Vihar, Jaipur
• Apex Institute of Management, Jaipur
• Aravali Institute of Management, Jodhpur
• Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar
• Pacific Institute, Udaipur
• Engineering College, Hyderabad

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 Flexible Specialisations:
• Spiritualising business and society
• Rural development and transformation
• HRD and Education, Social Development
• NGO and voluntary work
• Investment analysis,microfinance and inclusion
• Retail sector, BPO, KPO
• Accounting & Information system (with CA / CS /CMA)
• Hospital management and Health care
• Hospitality sector and culture and heritage
• Other sectors of high growth, high technology and social
relevance

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 Salient features:
• The only programme of its kind (in the whole world)
• No publicity and low profile course
• For those who want to achieve success in life – not just a
degree
• Flexible – you may stay for a month and continue the rest of
the education by distance mode. / you may attend weekend
classes
• Scholarships for those from poor economic background
• Latest and constantly changing curriculum – keeping pace
with the time
• Placement for those who are interested
• Admissions open throughout the year
• Latest and most advanced technologies, books and study
material

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 Components
• Pedagogy curriculum and approach based on IIM Ahmedabad and ISB
Hyderabad (the founder is alumnus from IIMA & ISB Hyderabad)
• Meditation, spiritualisation, and self development
• Essential softwares for business
• Business plan, Research projects
• Participation in conferences / seminars
• Workshops on leadership, team building etc.
• Written submissions of research projects/articles / papers
• Interview of entrepreneurs, writing biographies of entrepreneurs
• Editing of journals / newsletters
• Consultancy / research projects
• Assignments, communication skill workshops
• Participation in conferences and seminars
• Group discussions, mock interviews, self development diaryng
• Mind Power Training & writing workshop (by Dr. T.K.Jain)

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 Pedagogy
• Case analysis,
• Articles from Harvard Business Review
• Quiz, seminars, workshops, games,
• Visits to entrepreneurs and industrial visits
• Presentations, Latest audio-visuals
• Group discussions and group projects
• Periodic self assessment
• Mentoring and counselling
• Study exchange programme (with institutions out of
India)
• Rural development / Social welfare projects
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 Branches
• AFTERSCHO☺OL will shortly open its
branches in important cities in India
including Delhi, Kota, Mumbai, Gurgaon
and other important cities.
Afterschooolians will be responsible for
managing and developing these branches
– and for promoting social entrepreneurs.

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 Case Studies
• We want to write case studies on social
entrepreneurs, first generation
entrepreneurs, ethical entrepreneurs.
Please help us in this process. Help us to
be in touch with entrepreneurs, so that we
may develop entrepreneurs.

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Basic values at AFTERSCHO☺OL
• Share to learn more
• Interact to develop yourself
• Fear is your worst enemy
• Make mistakes to learn
• Study & discuss in a group
• Criticism is the healthy route to mutual support
and help
• Ask fundamental questions : why, when, how &
where?
• Embrace change – and compete with yourself
only
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 www.afterschoool.tk
social entrepreneurship for better
society

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