Name: ___________________________________________

Date: _______________________

CONCEPTUALIZATION MODAL VERBS A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality. We use auxiliary verbs to express some functions as Obligation, Recommendations, Probabilities, etc. Functions Modal auxiliary verbs give more information about the function of the main verb that follows it. Although having a great variety of communicative functions, these functions can all be related to a scale ranging from possibility (can) to necessity (must). Prohibition Function It express that someone shouldnt do something. -Must/ Mustnt You mustnt go to the party. I must be quiet in my chair. They mustnt fish in the lake. -allow(ed) Im not allowed to get into that room. Smoking isnt allowed here. You arent allowed to get marry before 18. -Supposed Im supposed to pass the exam tomorrow. Its supposed to go to the party by myself. It supposed to be a really nice event.

-Forbidden Im forbidden junk food. Shes forbidden talk with strange people. We are forbidden leave the house after 11 pm. INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY 1. Write four sentences using each option to express obligations with the modal verbs (mustmustnt/ allowed/ supposed/ forbidden) >Must/ Mustnt >Allowed >Supposed >Forbidden

2. Create sentences using the words. Sheena/ must/ clean/ bedroom _Sheena must clean her dirty bedroom______________ Sandra/ supposed/ get/ race __________________________ Danielle/ allowed/ shout/ grandmother ___________________ My dog/ forbidden/ shit/ house ____________________ Alan and Andrew/ mustnt/ smoke/ bar _________________ Stephen/ forbidden/ say/ lies __________________________ 3. Draw some signals to express prohibitions.

We mustnt smoke here

Probabilities Function It express the chance that something occur -Could The furious dog could bite someone. The boat could fall in the waterfall. Claire and Steven could fall in love themselves. 4. Write four sentences using the modal verb Could to express Probabilities. 5. Create sentences using the words. Peter/ could/ find/ treasure _Peter could find the treasure in the yard of his house____ John/ could/ buy/ new pet ___________________________________________________ Professor Brown/ could/ write/ book __________________________________________ The alligator/ could/ bite/ tourist ______________________________________________ Manchester/ could/ lost/ match _______________________________________________ Shrek IV/ could/ be/ film _____________________________________________________ 6. Draw the corresponding situation to each probability.

The lion could beat The boat could fall The rocket could Samantha could Albert could the scientific for the waterfall explode in the cars fall in love for his the lottery building gifts

win

7. Write short paragraphs using modal verbs to express obligation and probabilities. 8. Write sentences using these words: rocket, waterfall, alligator, and shark.

SCIENCE
Natural Resources Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity existent in various ecosystems. Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for satisfying our wants. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways. 1. Write a list of natural resources that are in Santander. On the basis of origin, resources may be divided into: Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the biosphere. Forests and their products, animals, birds and their products, fish and other marine organisms are important examples. Minerals such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they were formed from decayed organic matter.
1) 2)

Abiotic resources comprise of non-living things. Examples include land, water, air and minerals such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.

2. Draw two landscapes which you represent a biotic one and an abiotic one. 3. Explain in your words the biotic resources 4. Explain in your words the abiotic resources With respect to renewability, natural resources can be categorized as follows:

Renewable Resources are the ones which can be replenished or reproduced easily. Some of them, like sunlight, air, wind, etc., are continuously available and their quantity is not affected by human consumption. Many renewable resources can be depleted by human use, but may also be replenished, thus maintaining a flow. Some of these, like agricultural crops, take a short time for renewal; others, like water, take a comparatively longer time, while still others, like forests, take even longer.

Non-renewable Resources are formed over very long geological periods. Minerals and fossils are included in this category. Since their rate of formation is extremely slow, they cannot be replenished once they get depleted. Out of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them. But coal and petroleum cannot be recycled.

Protection Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction. It is an interdisciplinary subject drawing on sciences, economics, and the practice of natural resource management. The term conservation biology was introduced as the title of a conference held University of California at San Diego in La Jolla, California in 1978 organized by biologists Bruce Wilcox and Michael Soul. Habitat conservation is a land management practice that seeks to conserve, protect and restore, habitat areas for wild plants and animals, especially conservation reliant species, and prevent their extinction, fragmentation or reduction in range. It is a priority of many groups that cannot be easily characterized in terms of any one ideology. 5. Correct the sentences about the text. a. b. c. d. e. About the renewability of the natural resources can be categorized in: biotic and abiotic. Iron, gold, sand and copper are biotic natural resources. Biotic resources are the ones which are obtained from the atmosphere. Abiotic resources comprise of living things. Non-renewable Resources are formed over very long geological periods 6. Write true of false a. Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth's biodiversity. _____ b. Some minerals as coal and petroleum cannot be recycled. ______ c. The term conservation biology was introduced as the title of a conference held College Massachusetts in Colorado._____ d. Just one renewable resource can be depleted by the human use, and may not be replenished. _____ e. Potential Resources - are those which exist in a region and may be used in the future. _____

SOCIAL
1. Read the texts about Great Britain and England, and then solve some questions. GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 58.9 million people, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west.

Most of the territory of the sovereign state the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is in Great Britain, and the term is sometimes used inaccurately to refer to the United Kingdom. Most of England, Scotland and Wales are on the island, as are their capital cities, London, Edinburgh and Cardiff. The Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland on 1 May, 1707 under Queen Anne. It existed until 1801 when the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland were united. This resulted in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This in turn became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1922 with the secession of the Irish Free State. ENGLAND England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Its mainland is on the southern and central part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. England shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; and adjoins the Irish Sea to the north-west, the Celtic Sea to the south-west and the North Sea to the east. The English Channel separates it from continental Europe. In addition to the mainland, England includes over 100 smaller islands, including the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. England's population is about 51 million, around 84% of the United Kingdom.

2. Write a list of twenty famous England people. 3. Write the names of these famous English people

TEAM ACTIVITY Pink Floyd was an English rock band who achieved worldwide success with their psychedelic and progressive rock music. Their work is marked by the use of philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, innovative album art, and elaborate live shows. Pink Floyd is one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful rock music groups of all time. It is estimated that they have sold over 200 million albums worldwide, including 74.5 in the United States. The band originally consisted of Mason, Richard Wright and Syd Barrett. university students Roger Waters, Nick

Founded in 1965, they first became popular playing in London's underground music scene in the late 1960s. Under Barrett's leadership they released two charting singles, "Arnold Layne" and "See Emily Play", and a successful dbut album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967). Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined Pink Floyd several months prior to Barrett's departure from the group due to deteriorating mental health in 1968. Following the loss of their principal songwriter, Pink Floyd bassist and vocalist Roger Waters became the band's lyricist and conceptual leader, with Gilmour assuming lead guitar and sharing lead vocals. With this lineup Pink Floyd achieved worldwide critical and commercial success with The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals and The Wall. Wright left the group in 1979, and Waters in 1985, but Gilmour and Mason (joined by Wright) continued to record and tour. Waters resorted to legal means to try to keep them from performing as Pink Floyd, but the dispute was resolved with an out-of-court settlement which allowed Gilmour and Mason to continue, and which also released Waters from his contractual obligations to the band. Two further albums, A Momentary Lapse of Reason and The Division Bell followed. Despite almost two decades of acrimony, the band reunited in 2005 to perform at the charity concert Live 8. 4. Read the text and solve some questions about it. a. How many albums the band has sold around the world? b. What is the hometown of the band? c. What was the main lineup of the band? d. What are the most recognized Pink Floyd songs? 5. Correct the sentences taking into account the last text. a. Pink Floyd was an American pop their psychedelic and progressive pop music. band who achieved worldwide success with

b. Pink Floyd is one of the least critically acclaimed and commercially successful pop music artist of all time c. Pink Floyd bassist and vocalist Camille Mutts became the band's lyricist and conceptual partner, with Gilmour assuming lead drums and sharing lead guitars

d. Pink Floyd achieved local critical and commercial failure with The Clean Side of the Sun, Wish You Werent be There, Animals and Humas and The Dirty Walls 6. Answer some questions about the famous band Pink Floyd. a. b. c. d. e. Have you heard any song of Pink Floyd? ______________________ Do you know that Pink Floyd is one of the best groups of the history? What are the names of the Pink Floyd integrants? _______________ Have you know the history of the band? ____________________ What is the name of the lead of the band? ____________________

7. Create a logo for the band

MATH
Choosing a graph type Each time you need to draw a graph, think about the different kinds of graphs. Decide which kind of graph will make your data the easiest to analyze and interpret. Sometimes there are several kinds of graphs that would be suitable. For example, usually you can use a bar graph, a column graph or a pie graph to present the same kinds of information. A line graph and a histogram can show the same data. 1. Draw different examples of each kind of graphs.

Pie Chart

Bar Chart

Picture Graph

Histogram

2. Answer these questions according to the text of kinds of graphs. -What is the main function to the graphs? _________________________________________________ -What is the difference between bar charts and histograms? _________________________________ -Can we make a bar chart vertically oriented? ______________________________________________ -Can we draw a picture graph without information (data)? ____________________________________ -Can we show information trough a bar o pie chart? ________________________________________ -How can we get information to draw a graph? ______________________________________