Net Ionic Equations Packet Review of Naming & Formulas

Name: ________________________

1) In column 1, classify the compound as molecular (M) or ionic (I). In column 2, write the name for the compound. Compound Column Column 2 Compound Column Column 2 1 1 CaF2 SrI2 P4O10 CO K2S Cs2Po NaH ZnAt2 Al2S3 P2S3 N2O AgCl O2F Na3N SBr6 Mg3P2 Li2Te XeF6 2) Write formulas for the following substances: a) vanadium (V) oxide c) dihydrogen monoxide e)ammonium oxalate g) polonium (VI) thiocyanate i) tetraphosphorus decoxide k) zinc hydroxide m) potassium cyanide o) mercury (II) acetate 3) Name the following organic compounds a) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH c) CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH b) CH3CH=CHCH3 d) CH3CH2CHClCH2CH2CH2CH2Cl b) silver chromate d) tin (II) carbonate f) sodium hydrogen carbonate h) manganese (VII) oxide j) copper (II) dihydrogen phosphate l) francium dichromate n) calcium carbide p) cerium (IV) nitrate

4) Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following compounds a) 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene b) 3,3,6-trimethylnonane

c) 3-octanol

d) propanoic acid

Review of Solubility Rules Predict if a solid forms (soluble or insoluble) a) Ba(NO3)2 b) KCl c) MgSO4 e) Sodium Sulfate g) Aluminum Phosphate i) LiCl k) Calcium Hydroxide d) NaOH f) Chromium (III) Sulfide h) Magnesium Hydroxide j) SrSO4 l) Potassium Sulfate

Acid/Base Nomenclature Binary Acids: hydro + monatomic anion stem + ic acid (Ex: HF = hydrofluoric acid) Ternary Acids: relate to home base polyatomic ion (ate). They follow a pattern as shown in the following example: Formula HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO Name perchloric acid chloric acid chlorous acid hypochlorous acid Anion ClO4ClO3ClO2ClOperchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite

1) Name the following compounds as acids: a) HIO3 c) HIO4 e) HNO2 g) HI b) HAt d) H3PO3 f) H2C2O4 h) H2S

i) H2CO3 Complex Ion Nomenclature

j) H2CrO4

Naming complex cations: 1) numerical prefix + name of ligands (if more than one, put in alphabetical order) 2) name of central metallic atom + oxidation number 3) Ex: Cr(H2O)63+ = hexaaquochromium (III) Naming complex anions: 1) numerical prefix + name of ligands 2) name of central atom + ate ending + oxidation number 3) Ex: PtCl62- = hexachloroplatinate(IV) 4) Some exceptions to current names from the old naming system: iron(III) = ferrate; copper(II) = cuprate; nickel(II) = nickelate (no Roman Numeral) Names and Formulas of Common Ligands Fluoro Chloro Bromo Iodo Thiocyanato FClBrISCNaquo ammine cyano hydroxo H2O NH3 CNOH-

1) Name the following complex ions a) [Ag(NH3)2]+ b) [Fe(SCN)6]3c) [Ni(CN)4]2d) [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]+ e) [CoCl4]22) Write formulas for the following a) Hexafluoroaluminate b) tetrahydroxochromate(III) c) tetraamminecopper(II) d) diamminesilver e) pentaammineaquochromium(III)

Simple Organic Reactions Although organic compounds can undergo a great variety of reactions, a few of the most common types include combustion, addition (usually of hydrogen or a halogen at a double/triple bond), and substitution (usually of a halogen for a hydrogen that is bonded to carbon). Predict and balance the following organic reactions: 1) Ethanol is burned completely in air. 2) Ethene gas is bubbled through a solution of bromine. 3) Propane gas is heated with chlorine gas. 4) Octane is burned in oxygen.

Synthesis Reactions Synthesis reactions occur when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Synthesis reactions fall into a few general categories: a) metal + nonmetal binary salt b) metallic oxide + water base (metallic hydroxide) c) nonmetallic oxide + water acid (nonmetal retains its oxidation number) d) metallic oxide + nonmetallic oxide salt Label each type of reaction according to the categories above (a-d), then predict and balance the following synthesis reactions: 1) Solid lithium oxide is added to water. 2) A pea-sized piece of sodium is added to a container of iodine vapor. 3) Solid magnesium oxide is added to sulfur trioxide gas. 4) Carbon dioxide is bubbled into water.

Decomposition Reactions Decomposition reactions occur when a single reactant breaks down into one or more products. As with synthesis reactions, they follow some patterns, but there are many more. Here are just a few: a) metallic carbonate metallic oxide + carbon dioxide b) metallic chlorate metallic chloride + oxygen c) binary salt 2 elements Label each type of reaction according to the categories above (a-c) if applicable, then predict and balance the following decomposition reactions: 1) A sample of magnesium carbonate is heated. 2) A sample of magnesium chlorate is heated. 3) Molten sodium chloride is electrolyzed. 4) Liquid hydrogen peroxide is warmed. Single Replacement/Redox Reactions
Single replacement reactions involve an element replacing one part of a compound. An element can only replace another element less active than itself. However, on the AP reaction prediction section, all reactions worknone of them will be no reaction. Other redox reactions occur in the presence of strong oxidizers or reducers and in acidic or basic conditions. These reactions are difficult to predictcommon redox reactant-product pairs should be memorized.

Predict and balance the following single replacement and redox reactions: 1) Magnesium turnings are added to a solution of iron (III) chloride. 2) Sodium is added to water. 3) Lithium is added to hydrochloric acid. 4) Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of potassium iodide.

5) An acidic solution of potassium dichromate is added to a solution of iron (II) nitrate. Double Replacement Reactions In a double replacement reaction between two compounds in aqueous solution, the cations and anions appear to switch partners. In order for a reaction to actually occur, there must be one of three driving forces present: formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, or formation of a molecular species (often in acid-base neutralization reactions, where water is formed). Precipitate formation can be determined using the solubility rules. Predict and balance the following double replacement reactions: 1) A solution of silver nitrate is added to a solution of potassium bromide. 2) Solid calcium carbonate is reacted with sulfuric acid. 3) Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through excess potassium hydroxide solution. 4) Aqueous solutions of cadmium(II)nitrate and sodium sulfide are combined.

Net Ionic Equations In net ionic equations, formulas of reactants and products are written to show the predominant form of each substance as it exists in aqueous solution. Soluble salts, strong acids, and strong bases are written as separated ions, and formulas for any ions or molecules that are unchanged by the reaction (spectators) are omitted. State symbols are not required on the net ionic equations section of the AP Exam. EXAMPLE: Reaction description: aqueous hydrochloric acid reacts with solid iron(II) sulfide Molecular Equation: 2HCl(aq) + FeS(s) H2S(g) + FeCl2(aq) Overall Ionic Equation: Net Ionic Equation: 2H+ + 2Cl- + FeS H2S + Fe2+ + 2Cl-

2H+ + FeS H2S + Fe2+

Write balanced net ionic equations for the following: 1) Solid calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

2) Aqueous ammonium sulfide reacts with excess lithium hydroxide. 3) Aqueous solutions of potassium chromate and silver nitrate react. 4) Equal volumes of 0.2 M potassium hydroxide and 0..2 M phosphoric acid are reacted.

Complex Ion Reactions Complex ions consist of two componentsa metal cation and a ligand. Common metal ions that form complex ions include Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Al. Common ligands include NH3, H2O, CN-, OH-, and SCN-. Since complex ions typically involve a transition metal (such as iron, silver, copper, nickel, etc.), the presence of one of these metals along with the source of a ligand among the reactants can signal a complex ion reaction. Also, many complex ions form upon the addition of an excess of the substance containing the ligand, a reaction description involving the wording an excess of. . . may also signal a complex ion reaction. Many complex ions will break down when there is an addition of an acid solution. In general, when writing the formula for the complex ion, the number of ligands will often be twice the charge of the metal ion. Make sure the overall charge on the complex ion (charge of metal + charge of ligand) is correct! For each reaction, write the net ionic equation showing the formation of a complex ion: 1) Copper(II) chloride solution is combined with an excess of concentrated ammonia solution. 2) Excess sodium cyanide solution is added to a solution of silver nitrate. 3) Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of aluminum nitrate. (in this case, excess is the keyotherwise aluminum hydroxide would be formed!) 4) A solution of ammonium thiocyanate is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride. 5) A solution of tetraamminecadmium(II) ion is treated with excess dilute nitric acid. Mixed Net Ionic Equation Practice
Give the formulas to show the reactants and the products for the following chemical reactions. Each reaction occurs in aqueous solution unless otherwise indicated. Represent the substances in solution as ions if the substance is extensively ionized. Omit formulas for any ions or molecules that are unchanged by the reaction. In all cases a reaction occurs. You need to balance the chemical equation. Then answer the question about the reaction.

Example: A strip of magnesium is added to a solution of silver nitrate:

Mg + Ag+ Mg2+ + Ag a. Solid calcium carbonate is strongly heated How would you know that the reaction took place?

b. A bar of zinc metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate.

What is the oxidizing agent in this reaction?

c. Phosphorus(V) oxide powder is sprinkled over distilled water.

Is the resulting solution acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain.

d. Equal volumes of 0.1 M sulfuric acid and 0.1 M potassium hydroxide are mixed.

Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs.

e. 1-Propanol is burned completely in air.

How many moles of products are produced for each mole of propanol?

f. A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of zinc iodide.

Identify the cations and anions present as reactants.