DESIGN

Introduction : The aim of this experiment is to find out if and how the length of pine
needles differs in relation to whether the tree is resided in the east or in the west. Research question: How does the length of the pine needles differ, according to the location of the tree (east or west)?

Hypothesis:
I suppose that the pine needles from the west side of the forest will be greater in length than that of the east one , because the sun sets in the west which causes the trees in this area to be exposed to more sunlight than the trees located in the east and therefore the trees on the west will have better access to photosynthesis activity.

Method:
Firstly,I need to find a pine tree located in the east of the forest .Secondly, I collect 20 singular pine needles from this tree. Thirdly, do the same with one another tree. Then, I move on to the west of the forest and find a pine tree located in that area. Collect 20 singular pine needles from each tree. Do this for another two trees. Finally, when I have collected all the pine needles, measure the length of each pine needle and use the raw data to work out the T_test.

Equipment:
Slide caliper (used to measure the length of each and every pine needle, in cm) Pen and paper (used to record the raw data) Ruler (in case we needed to use it instead of the slide caliper).

Data collection and processing

1-Raw data and processed raw data:
Pine needle lengths in cm: (west and east sides)

west
T1 6.4 6.9 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.8 6.9

West
T2 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.1 7.1 6.8 6.4 7.9 7.3 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.2

East

East

T4 3.5 3.4 3.5 4.5 4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.1 4.5 3.8 3.5 4 4.1 4 3.9

T5 3.1 3.9 4 4.1 4 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.1 4.2 3.9 4 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.2 4

T1:tree 1 T2:tree 2

T4:tree 4 T5:tree 5

2- T test
=T.TEST(J3:J22,K3:K22,2,3) T2 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.1 7.1 6.8 6.4 7.9 7.3 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.6 0.441289975 1.29084E-20 T5 3.1 3.9 4 4.1 4 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.6 4.1 4.2 3.9 4 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.2 4 4.17 0.348077 T1 6.4 6.9 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.4 6.9 6.9 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.715 0.337599888 0 T4 3.5 3.4 3.5 4.5 4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.1 4.5 3.8 3.5 4 4.1 4 3.9 4.03 0.439018

Mean Standard deviation T-test

.Calculate the mean and standard deviation of a set of values. .Deduce the significance of the difference between two sets of data using calculated values for t and the appropriate tables. So one only needs to work out two sets of data and compare them (A link is added below on how to do the process). None the less, I am going to pick two sets of data to be analyzed, T1, T2, T4 and T5 are picked. Two sets of data (variables) have to be tested,I since you have to variables each having two sets of data, I am going to pick one of each and t-test them and then repeat the process of the other two. Below is the arrangement I pick to do this: T1 and T4 T2 and T5 If P > 5% then the two sets are the same (i.e. accept the null hypothesis). If P < 5% (We got less) then the two sets are different (i.e. reject the null hypothesis). (This is our case we got less than the critical value 0.05 or 5%) (Null Hypothesis: 'There is no significant difference), this is rejected because the t-test shows that there is a significant difference.