TO ASSEMBLE A PC THE FOLLOWING ARE THE REQUIREMENTS:

1) CPU 2) MOTHERBOARD 3) RAM 4) SMPS 5) CABINET 6) HARD DISK 7) DVD RW 8) MONITOR 9) KEYBOARD 10) MOUSE 11) SPEAKER 12) ANY EXTRA REQUIREMENTS (SUCH AS TV TUNER CARD, ZIP DRIVE, FLOPPY DRIVE ETC)

CPU : CPU i.e. Central Processing Unit or Microprocessor Two types a) PGA PIN GRID ARRAY (i.e. having pins) b) LGA LINE GRID ARRAY (i.e. without pins) CPU itself having its speed which is determined by Number of Pins, Clock speed, Internal Cache Memeory & Number of Cores as per requirement of the user.

Types
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There are two primary manufacturers of computer microprocessors. Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) lead the market in terms of speed and quality. Intel's desktop CPUs include Celeron, Pentium, and Core. AMD's desktop

processors include Sempron, Athlon, and Phenom. Intel makes Celeron M, Pentium M, and Core mobile processors for notebooks. AMD makes mobile versions of its Sempron and Athlon, as well as the Turion mobile processor which comes in Ultra and Dual-Core versions. Both companies make both single-core and multi-core processors.

Features
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Each processor has a clock speed which is measured in gigahertz (GHz). Also, a processor has a front side bus which connects it with the system's random access memory (RAM.) CPUs also typically have two or three levels of cache. Cache is a type of fast memory which serves as a buffer between RAM and the processor. The processor's socket type determines which motherboard it can be installed on.

Function
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A microprocessor is a silicon chip containing millions of microscopic transistors. This chip functions as the computer's brain. It processes the instructions or operations contained within executable computer programs. Instead of taking instructions directly off of the hard drive, the processor takes its instructions from memory. This greatly increases the computer's speed.

Considerations
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If you're thinking about upgrading your processor yourself, you must check your motherboard specs first. The CPU you install must have the same socket size as the slot on the motherboard. Also, when you install a new processor, you may need to install a heat sink and fan. This is because faster processors produce more heat than slower ones. If you fail to protect your new CPU from this heat, you may end up replacing the processor.

Size
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When it comes to processors, size matters. Whether you're buying a new computer or upgrading your old one, you must get the fastest processor you can afford. This is because the processor will become obsolete very quickly. Choosing a 3.6 GHz processor over a 2 GHz today can buy you several years of cheap computing time. Also check the speed of the front side bus (FSB) when purchasing your new computer or CPU. A front side bus of 800 MHz or greater is essential for fast processing speeds. The processor's cache is also important. Make sure it has at least 1 MB of last level cache if your computing needs are average. If you're an extreme gamer or if you run intensive graphics programs, get the processor with the largest cache that fits your budget. There can be hundreds of

dollars' difference between the cheapest processors and the most expensive ones. However, investing just a little extra cash can get you a much better processor.

Benefits
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Getting a processor with a dual, triple, or quad core can make a significant difference in the processing power of your computer. It's like having two, three, or four separate processors installed on your computer at one time. These processors work together to make your computer multitask faster and with greater efficiency. Getting a CPU with a larger front side bus can enhance the processor's ability to communicate with RAM, which will increase your computer's overall speed.

MOTHERBOARD : Motherboard are chosen so by form factor, socket type, & chipsets used, number of ports required viz. VGA, DVI, HDMI, e-sata, firewire etc.

Form Factor
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Form factors are design specifications that set guidelines for motherboard sizes, mounting screw locations and recommendations for connection socket locations on the motherboard itself. There are two classes of form factors that are of major concern. There is the ATX specification, which has several subclasses such as mini-ATX, ATX and Extended ATX. The ATX specification is used mainly for home computing solutions such as desktops and laptops. The second form factor of concern is the SSI specification, which has subclasses such as SSI CEB and SSI EEB. These motherboard specifications are designed for high-end enterprise solutions such as data servers, workstations and rack mount servers.

CPU Socket
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The next consideration in differentiating a motherboard once a form factor has been determined is the CPU socket type. Every CPU has its own connective socket that is designed to accept a particular type or family of processors. Thus a motherboard is defined secondly by the processor type it is compatible with. Socket types are designed by their respective CPU companies. Enterprise-level motherboards often support dual, quad or even octal processor sockets.

Chip Set
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A motherboard's intended use often dictates the chip sets it will have. Chip sets are controllers built into a motherboard that control such things as PCIe, SATA, EIDE and RAM communications. There are traditionally two chip sets on a

motherboard, the north bridge and the south bridge. Their respective functions are varied by design and can often be designed to do the same tasks. The features of a motherboard's chip sets determine if and how well a motherboard will perform in a specific application.

Features
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Motherboards can be designed to connect and communicate between a multitude of system devices. The current connective features on modern computer motherboards are designed to connect hard drives, add-on cards, CPU, system memory and peripheral device ports such as USB, Firewire and eSATA. Further, it is becoming more common for motherboard BIOS software to provide embedded tools for processor, RAM and chip set overclocking.

Considerations
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When choosing a motherboard for a specific purpose, it is key to begin the selection process in a specific order to ensure your motherboard is compatible with the various devices on your computing solution. Form factor, CPU type, chip sets and finally connective sockets are the order in which you should begin the motherboard selection process. Narrowing your choices by any other order can lead to selecting a motherboard that is not compatible with your computing solution.

RAM :RAM, or random-access memory, can carry out and hold information until the computer is ready to use it, running multiple programs simultaneously--and the faster it can do it. RAM's efficiency is a result of the specific type being used; each has a different architecture and speed.

SIMM Chip
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SIMM stands for Single Inline Memory Module. Older computers use SIMM chips almost exclusively. SIMM chips are 32 bits wide, versus the typical 64-bit bus of the DIMM chip. A bus is a data lane that connects two pieces of hardware within a computer. The bigger the bus, the more information that can be passed through and the faster it operates. To power a more modern Pentium microprocessor, two SIMM chips would be required to be the equivalent of one DIMM chip.

DIMM Chip

DIMM stands for Dual Inline Memory Module. Because DIMM chips have a 64bit path, they are better suited for Pentium processors. DIMM chips were designed to replace the need for two SIMM chips to satisfy a 64-bit bus. DIMM chips have separate electrical contacts, as opposed to SIMM chips that have redundant electrical contacts. DIMM chips are better suited for modern computers than SIMM chips because of their efficiency.

SDRAM Chip
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SDRAM stands for Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. SDRAM supports a higher bus speed, so it has become the RAM of choice for many newer computers. SDRAM is designed to read and write more efficiently than the other forms of RAM because of the way it is tied to the system clock. SDRAM runs in synchronization with the system clock, allowing it to process information much faster.

RDRAM
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RDRAM (the R meaning Rambus, also known as RIMM and developed by the company of the same name) is a specialty memory that is only available in selected applications and only with motherboards that have the proper chip set. This makes implementing RDRAM more expensive since those boards tend to be on the pricey side. They have 184-pin and 232 pin architecture and is faster than SDRAM, which gives it a slight edge for applications such as gaming, audio, and video production.

XDR2 DRAM
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XDR2 is for high performance machines, able to reach over 500 gigabytes of bandwidth and data rates from 6.4 to 12.8 Gbps (gigabits per second). Power efficient, it's able to perform at 30 percent lower power than the highest GDDR memory.

SMPS :SMPS is chosen so that our power requirements of PC gets fulfilled. SMPS are from 250 Watts to 750 Watts are used for HOME purpose as per requirement.

CABINET : Cabinets are used as per Requirement viz. BABY ATX, ATX, MICRO ATX type.

HARD DISK :There are three main types IDE/PATA, SATA and SCSI.

Significance
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There are several types of hard drives, and they all require different data cables. To connect a hard drive to a computer, one must have the proper cables and plug the cables into the appropriate places.

Background
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There are three main types of hard drive IDE/PATA, SATA and SCSI. IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) drives, also known as PATA (Parallel AT Attachment) drives, are commonly found in personal computers. However, manufacturers rarely install IDE/PATA drives in new personal computers as of early 2009: These drives usually are found only in older computers. The IDE/PATA technology was designed in 1986 and has mostly been superseded by the SATA technology in new personal computers. SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) drives are also commonly found in personal computers; its technology was developed in 2003. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) drives usually are found only in highend server/mainframe computers. Although the SCSI technology has existed since 1981, it has been revised numerous times since then; SCSI drives are still used today.

IDE/PATA
An IDE/PATA hard drive containing 40 pins. Either one or two devices may be connected to an IDE/PATA cable, and the devices need not be of the same type. For example, an IDE/PATA DVD-R drive may be connected along with an IDE/PATA hard drive on the same cable.

SATA
A SATA hard drive has seven conductors and is smaller than an IDE/PATA. A SATA cable connects a single hard drive to a single connector on the SATA controller, which is usually found on the computer's motherboard.

SCSI

SCSI look similar to IDE/PATA in that both drives use ribbon cables. However, SCSI have more pins than IDE. Depending on the SCSI interface, a SCSI may have 50 or 68 pins (IDE/PATA drives have 40). Like IDE, multiple SCSI devices can be connected to a single channel through "daisy chaining." Depending on the SCSI interface, as many as 7 or 15 devices may be connected to a single SCSI channel.

DVD RW : CD/DVD writes data in Optical form on a Blank CD/DVD. CD have 700 MB size & DVD have 4.5 GB & above in size.

CD Types

Audio CDs are formatted to store audio files and come in a variety of different storage sizes. The files are written to the disc in a digital format that is contained in frames; each frame consists of 66 bytes of data. The frames are organized into tracks. CDs typically contain 99 official tracks although some contain more, which are referred to as hidden tracks. Data CDs can hold audio, video and document files and have replaced the floppy disc as the most popular data storage system. Video CDs are formatted to hold videos and movies, but that's where the similarity to a DVD ends. Because of the way video files are burned onto the disc, the picture and sound quality are much poorer than the quality found on a DVD.

DVD Types

DVD video discs are used to burn movies or video. The disc is able to support both MPEG files and digital audio files. Video discs can consist of one or two layers; singlelayer discs contain video files that are embedded with audio files while dual discs have one layer for video files and one for audio, which are burned simultaneously. DVD audio discs are similar to CD audio discs but because of the way that the data is burned onto the disc, DVD audio discs can hold more audio files in a higher quality. The audio data is burned onto the DVD in a similar fashion as a audio CD, but the DVD's red laser burns faster than a CD's ultraviolet laser thus creating a higher number of compact files. Now a days Blue Ray Discs are also available which is having capacity of 100 GB.

MONITOR : Important considerations are space available, size needed, and budget.

CRT
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CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) computer monitors were the most common computer monitors until flat panel screens became affordable. Similar to older TVs, CRT monitors still typically have much better contrast ratios and viewing angles than other computer monitor alternatives.

LCD
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LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) computer monitors save a lot of space and can even be mounted on walls. They provide a wide viewing angle and come in sizes typically ranging from 17-inches to 60-inches.

Plasma
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Plasma computer monitors are less commonly used with computers due to their high operating temperatures, high power consumption, and fixed resolution.

Touchscreen
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Touchscreen computer monitors provide a new way of interacting with your computer with a touch-sensitive screen. This allows users to interact directly with the application on screen without need for a mouse or keyboard.

OLED
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OLED (Organic Light Emitting Display) computer monitors are much thinner and brighter than LCD or Plasma screens. OLED monitors can also be placed on transparent surfaces, such as glass, allowing the user to see through them when not active.

KEYBOARD : There are simple keyboards that allow you to do no more than type words onto a monitor screen, similar to a typewriter.

Standard Types
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Keyboards arrange the alphabet in two standard formations: QWERTY or AZERTY. One look at the top left alphabetic row of your keyboard and you can see the formation. Typists are familiar with these alphabet arrangements as all basic typing courses cover the designs. If you only plan to typewrite documents, create spreadsheets, surf the Internet and create and send emails using your computer keyboard, a standard keyboard will suffice. Popular standard keyboards include 53 to 104-key PS/2, Hewlett Packard desktop, Logitech Labtec, Kensington, Dell Standard or Dell Quiet. Some keyboards come with a compatible mouse. There are also standard ergonomic keyboards which allow for increased comfort.

Standard Features
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Older standard keyboards come with alphabet and numeric keys. In addition standard keyboards include Escape (Esc), Print Screen, Scroll-Lock, Pause-Break, Arrow and other functional keys. Functional keys allow you to tab, type in all caps, insert, delete and perform countless other functions. Newer standard keyboards also come with Internet short cut keys. These keys allow you to check your email with the click of a button, store your favorite web sites and power on and off the Internet. Standard keyboards are also ready for use with a USB port. You can also choose between a variety of colors when selecting a standard keyboard.

Standard Keyboard Benefits

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Standard keyboards do not require extensive technological knowledge to operate. If you're familiar with a typewriter keyboard, you can quickly adjust to a standard computer keyboard. Cost of a standard keyboard is reasonable. Generally standard keyboards cost between $10 and $30.

Multi-Functional Keyboards
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When it comes to multi-functional keyboards, the choices are many. There are programmable keyboards with up to 130-keys, large print keyboards, multiple language keyboards, cordless keyboards and compact keyboards. The video LCD panel sits inside the center of the keyboard.

Multi-functional Attributes
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Multi-functional modular keyboards allow you to control two or more computers with the punch of a button. Keyboards with a video system allow you to watch

your favorite video while you type. Smartcard keyboards allow you to shop or conduct business online with an added sense of security. Smartcards limit access to your banking accounts and other business and financial accounts by only allowing a user with your encrypted Smartcard to access those accounts. Multifunctional keyboards are also available in compact and slim sizes.

Multi-functional Advantages
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Multi-functional keyboards allow users to perform a variety of functions with the punch of a button. They can allow for added security and if in compact or slim size are easy to carry. It is important that a keyboard be compatible with your computer's operating system. Additionally, keep in mind that whichever keyboard you choose you can extend the life of your keyboard by regularly keeping it clean. Keyboard covers also help to keep debris off the keys which can extend the life of your keyboard.

MOUSE : Ball Type

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One of the first types of computer mouse was with a roller ball underneath it. Two rollers inside the mouse were controlled by the ball to go left and right, and up and down. The one downside was the near-constant cleaning that needed to be done.

Optical
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The optical mouse is one of two light-type mice that provides more accuracy with the use of a mouse pad. The optical mouse shoots a beam of light that detects the surface and will move the icon in the direction you move the mouse. Nonporous surfaces work best with an optical mouse.

Laser
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The laser mouse shoots a rod of light that can use almost any surface to move the arrow on screen.

Gaming
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Gaming mouses need to be extremely accurate and responsive. It's hard to find a gaming mouse that uses the ball because optical and laser mouses have become extremely advanced for gamers. Resolution also is very important.

Wireless
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Wireless mice can be optical or laser and operate the same way. A small piece (dongle) plugs into an available USB port to communicate with the mouse. The mouse uses batteries. Most wireless mice can be used up to about 10 feet from the dongle.

Speaker : There are a number of types of speakers that you can buy for your computer. Typically, they are rated by number, with the first number representing the amount of satellites associated and the second number (after the decimal) representing the amount of subwoofers.

Two-Speaker System
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A 2-speaker system is one of the most common types of speaker setups. It offers moderate quality sound and doesn't take up any space.

2.1 Speaker
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The 2.1 speaker setup involves 2 satellite speakers and 1 subwoofer. This setup offers a much fuller spectrum of sound while still saving space. This system is also most appropriate for music.

5.1 Speaker
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5.1 speaker setups consist of 5 satellite speakers and 1 subwoofer. These systems are the most common surround sound setups in use today. Offering multi-channel output, surround sound systems are excellent for movies and video games, as they give the viewer a more "engulfing" audio experience.

7.1 Speaker
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The 7.1 speaker system is one of the most complex systems, consisting of 7 satellite speakers and 1 subwoofer. These allow for some of the most precise surround sound environments provided that the source media can output that level of accuracy--otherwise the output will actually output 5.1 surround sound. Keep in mind that 7.1 systems will cost you: they start around $300.

Wireless

More recently, wireless speakers have allowed users to avoid the mess of wires associated with surround sound speaker setups. While these are excellent for many users, they can often conflict with a home Wi-Fi network.