REACTION TIME: No decrease, always increases approx.

1 sec, depends on the state of the

driver, stress, sleep, ecstasy, drugs, alcohol, medication, etc.

REACTION DISTANCE: depends on the speed.

BRAKING DISTANCE: depends on the driver, speed, vehicle mass, brakes, shock absorbers,
tires, road conditions, rain, snow...

TOTAL STOPPING DISTANCE or ABSOLUTE STOP: reaction + braking. It is less than the
distance between vehicles.

ACTIVE SAFETY: before the accident  brakes, shock absorbers, lights...

PASSIVE SAFETY: after the accident  airbag, seat belts...
BACKWARDS
Prohibited except:

- As a complementary maneuver to parking

 Maximum 15m
 No track crossing encroachment
- Dead-end street (when it is not possible to change direction or move forward)
 Minimum essential
 No track crossing encroachment

LIGHTS
1. POSITION: Serves to be seen, not to circulate.
2. CROSSING OR SHORT REACH: Always accompanied. Used:
a. Reduced visibility
b. Tunnels
c. Between sunset and sunrise
d. Reversible rails
e. Additional lanes
f. Driving on urban roads, crossroads or interurban roads with sufficient
illumination
3. LONG RANGE OR HIGHWAY
a. Insufficiently illuminated interurban roads at + 40km/h
4. ANTI-FOG
a. Front: optional. It is used in extreme conditions accompanied by
position+crossing  Fog, heavy rain, marked curves on narrow roads and
first snowflakes.
b. Rear: they are mandatory in extreme conditions.
5. EMERGENCY: 4 flashing lights
6. INTERMITTENT: they are removed when the maneuver is finished.
a. In lateral displacement YES
 b. During overtaking NO

SPEEDS
80km/h LIMIT DISAPPEARS FOR NOVELS

-1 lane in each direction - 1 lane in each direction

- Less than 1.5 m of road shoulder - More than 1.5m of road shoulder
- 90 + 20km/h for overtaking - 100 + 20km/h for overtaking

- More than one lane in each direction - Via automobile

- With or without shoulder - No matter the lanes and the
shoulder
- 100 + 20km/h for overtaking - 100 + 20km/h for overtaking

Urban road ----------- 50km/h

Travesías ----------- 50km/h

Highway ----------- 120km/h
Highway ----------- 120km/h

HIGHWAY C. CONVENTIONAL
Passenger cars and 120km/h 90 / 100km/h
motorcycles
Bus, Derivatives and - 20 (100km/h) -10 (80km/h)-10 (90km/h)
Mixed
Truck, Van - 30 (90km/h) -20 (70km/h)-20 (80km/h)
Light trailer 90km/h
Heavy trailer 80km/h

REVOLUTIONS
Diesel: 1500 - 2000. Start and wait.
Gasoline: 2000 - 2500. Starts and exits.

SIGNAGE

End of speed when End of prohibitions.

the danger ends. In case of
the prohibition of overtaking, only
ends when there is a signal
end of prohibitions

Single sense, you can Sense and direction

change direction only

Distance to reach Duration of danger

No left turns allowed Prohibits only the change of

and the change of direction address

Change of direction Change of address

It is possible to pay with electronic tolls, Only with electronic

tolls.
card or cash.

ITV
Passenger cars and motorcycles --------------------------- 1st at 4 years of age --- every
2 years
Mopeds --------------------------- 1st at 3 years of age --- every 2 years
ALCOHOL
AIRE BLOOD
- 2 years of license & professionals 0.15 millig/l 0.30 gr/l
Rest 0.25 millig/l 0.50 gr/l

- Breathalyzer test
o Control: drivers
o Accident: drivers and pedestrians involved
o Reported driver

DRUGS AND MEDICINES

DO influence: THEY INCREASE reaction time and reduce the field of vision.
LSD causes hallucinations.

VAO (High Occupancy Vehicles)

Only transport of persons

- Buses, emergencies, maintenance, motorcycles.

- Disabled tourism only the driver
- NO passenger cars with trailers, cycles, mopeds, animal-drawn vehicles.

OVERTAKING
Tunnel and grade change: As a general rule, NO.

YES, if you do not invade the oncoming lane or there is more than one lane for the same
direction.

- Overtaking on the right

1. Within a town with delimited lanes, because we drive in the one that is
most convenient to our destination.
2. Streetcars
3. Mandatory: when there is a vehicle ahead with the intention of turning
left.
- Overtaking pedestrians and two-wheeled vehicles outside populated areas:
+1.50m.
- Overtaking 4-wheeled vehicles: distance proportional to the track.
- It is allowed to step on the continuous line when there is a stopped vehicle with
emergency lights.
- If a vehicle is traveling at an abnormally reduced speed, it is NOT allowed to
cross the continuous line.

ARCEN
- Reserved for pedestrians, animals, animal-drawn vehicles, cycles, mopeds, vehicles with
reduced speed of -3500kg and vehicles that hinder traffic.

MOTOR WHEELS (snow chains)

Drive: front-wheel drive 4x4: all-wheel drive
Propulsion: rear
TIRES
They can be mounted with a top load, NEVER a bottom load.

Tires should be replaced when they have rubbing, deformities, cuts, are out of date or the
tread is less than 1.6 mm thick. It is recommended that they have 2mm.

SPILLS
Rear skidding ---------- Turn to the same side
Front skidding ---------- Turn to the opposite side

CURVES
You may NOT overtake, change direction, stop or park on a gradient change with reduced
visibility.

CARRIL-BUS: No entering, stopping, parking, overtaking.

STOP-BUS: You may NOT stop or park. Stop only if line
SOMNOLENCE: (sleepiness) especially in the middle of the day and early morning.
RIGHT-OF-WAY IN UNMARKED NARROWINGS
1º Whoever entered first.
2º The one with the greatest difficulty in maneuvering.
3º Whoever has to travel the longest distance in reverse.