Academic Motivation Scale-EMA.

The Academic Motivation Scale (EMA) is an inventory that seeks through its questions to
show the various motivators that a student has to study. Each question and answer seeks to unveil
the student's personal opinion on a scale of one (1) to seven (7) (Manassero M. and Vázquez A.
2013). It has been validated in different languages, although the validation is carried out in the
original language (French), which means that there were no biases in the translation and that the
scale fulfilled its objective of measuring educational motivation in students (Núñez Alonso, Albo
Lucas and Navarro Izquierdo, 2005).
It includes 28 multiple-choice questions, which have several possible answer alternatives and
are determined and structured. These multiple-choice questions adopt different modalities such as:
selection from a list of options, selection by order of importance, selection on a continuum-Likert
scale (Valenzuela and Flores, 2011).
This questionnaire was designed by Vallerand (1997), to measure the motivation of French
students; the scale is made up of 28 items, which are distributed in seven (7) subscales of four (4)
items, which seek to measure three (3) types of Intrinsic Motivation-MI and the three (3) types of
Extrinsic Motivation-ME and amotivation (Núñez de Alonso).The scale consists of 28 items, which
are distributed in seven (7) subscales of four (4) items, which seek to measure three (3) types of
Intrinsic Motivation (IM) and three (3) types of Extrinsic Motivation (EM) and amotivation (Núñez
Alonso, Albo Lucas and Navarro Izquierdo, 2005).
The variables analyzed in the Academic Motivation Scale (EMA) are Intrinsic Motivation
(IM), which evaluates the way in which the student knows his or her environment, and Extrinsic
Motivation (EM), which measures demotivation as a situation in which there is an absence of
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation (Manassero M., et al.).(EM) which measures demotivation as a
situation in which there is an absence of motivation, intrinsic or extrinsic (Manassero M. and
Vázquez A. 2013).

Dimensions of the Academic Motivation Scale (EMA).

Dimension Items
Amotivation 5, 12, 19 y 26
External Regulation 1, 8 15 y 22
Regulation Introduced 7, 14, 21 y 28
Regulation Identified 3, 10, 17 y 24
MI to Knowledge 2, 9, 16 y 23
MI to Achievement 6, 13, 20 y 27
MI to Stimulating Experiences 4, 11, 18 y 25

Each of the 7 School Motivation factors is rated according to one of the following five levels:

Low Level (a score from 4 to 5 points)

Low Medium Level (a score of 6 to 10 points)

Medium Level (a score of 11 to 18 points)

Medium High Level (a score of 19 to 23 points)

High Level (a score of 24 to 28 points)

Amotivation. Motivation or demotivation can be understood as the degree of lack of appetite that a
student may have towards his or her studies.
External Regulation. The external regulation seeks to establish the value that respondents give to
education in the consolidation of their future life project.
Regulation Introduced. Introjected regulation measures the level of satisfaction that studying
provides the student and how this gratification helps to consolidate self-esteem.
Regulation Identified
The identified regulation makes it possible to establish whether respondents see their secondary
education as a means of accessing higher education.
Motivation intrinsic to knowledge
Intrinsic motivation-MI to knowledge, wants to establish the pleasure, liking or interest that a
student has for study.
Intrinsic achievement motivation
The MI to achievement evaluates the respondents' need for improvement in their life project.
Intrinsic motivation to stimulating experiences.

MI to stimulating experiences, assesses whether students find reading and written communication a
stimulating experience.

Appendix A: Academic Motivation Scale (EMA)

I go to college

Each of the following questions describes a reason that may serve to explain why you attend college. Please indicate for each
of them the grade level that corresponds with your personal reasons for coming to school (indicate the appropriate number).

Nothing at
Very little Little Medium Quite Much Totally
all
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Because without a college degree I won't find a well-paying job. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 Because I find satisfaction and I like to learn new things. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 Because education prepares me better for a career later on. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 Because it allows me to communicate my ideas to others, and I like it. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5 I honestly don't know; I feel like I'm wasting my time here. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6 Because it pleases me to see that I surpass myself in my studies. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7 To prove to myself that I can get my degree from the school. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 In order to have a more prestigious and higher category job afterwards. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9 For the pleasure I get when I discover new unknown things. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
10 Because it will allow me to choose a job in the branch I like. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
11 For the pleasure I get from reading interesting writers. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12 I was encouraged before, but now I wonder if I should continue. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Because it allows me to feel the pleasure of surpassing myself in some of
13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
my personal achievements.
14 Because succeeding and passing in high school makes me feel important. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
15 Because I want to lead a comfortable life later on. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
16 For the pleasure it gives me to know more about subjects that attract me. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
17 Because it will help me to make a better career choice. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Because I like to feel completely absorbed by what some authors have
18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
written.
19 I don't quite know why I come to school, and honestly, I don't give a damn. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20 Because of my enjoyment of difficult school activities. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
21 To prove to myself that I am an intelligent person. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
22 To earn a better salary in the future. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Because the studies will allow me to continue learning many things that
23 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
interest me.
Because I believe that more years of studies increase my professional
24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
preparation.
25 Because of the great excitement I get from reading about interesting topics. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
26 I don't know; I don't understand what I'm doing at school. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Because school gives me personal satisfaction when I try to get good
27 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
grades in my studies.
28 Because I want to prove that I can pass and succeed in my studies. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7