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Theme: Properties of 2D shapes

Year Target

Group Target

Key Resources / Models and Images


2 D shapes Feely bag Crayons/pencils/p aper/ Sand Plasticine / Biscuit Dough and shape cutters Geo boards Objects with different shaped faces Digital camera Shapes Songs. For example Dave Godfrey Number Fun songs. Shape fan 3d shape properties ICT files Problem solving materials Number lines Odd one out 5rectangles

Outcomes
Understand and use in a practical context the vocabulary: shape, flat, straight, curved, round, corner, side, sort, circle, triangle, rectangle, square, Identify circles, squares, triangles and rectangles. Picture a rectangle in your head. Can you tell me about it so that I can picture it? When you imagine a square, how many edges does it have? How is it like this square? Is it different in any way? Draw arrows to show which shapes belong in the set. Look at the shapes. Listen to this description of one of them. Can you tell which shape is being described? Put your hands into this big box. Can you find something soft? An object with corners? Something round? Something spiky? Look at this collection of objects or shapes. Shut your eyes while I pick one up and hide it. Open your eyes. Tell me which object or shape I have hidden. Picture a triangle in your head. Start at the top and walk around the sides of the triangle. How many sides do you walk around? How many corners does the triangle have? Here are five rectangles of the same size. How many different bigger rectangles can you make using two or more of the rectangles? Imagine a big triangle painted on the floor. How many corners does it have? How many sides? Shut your eyes. Listen while I describe a shape to you ... Now open your eyes. Can you pick up the shape I was describing? Now describe a shape for someone else to guess. Can you make a different pattern using the same numbers/shapes? What comes next? How did you work that out? Which two of the shapes would fit together to make new shape? Tick the two shapes. Think of a shape. Without saying its name, can you describe it so that I can find your shape in the box? Can you describe your shape to your partner so that your partner can picture it? Draw a line on this square to make two triangles. You may use a ruler. Find two shapes with only straight sides. Draw a circle around them. five

Yr 1

Must

Use language such as circle or bigger to describe the shape and size of flat shapes.

Understanding shape Shape and space activities booklet Shape tools


Further examples of pitch and expectations: Foundation to year 1 Year 1 Information - Divide and rule1 - Divide and rule2 - teaching mental calculation strategies - teaching written strategies - exemplification of standards

Should

Use everyday language to describe features of familiar 2D shapes.

Use mathematical names for common 2D shapes, sort shapes and describe some of their features.

Could

These shapes have been sorted. Put a cross on the shape which is in the wrong place.

Tell me where in the classroom you can see a circle, a square, a triangle, ... What about a cube? Can you see a cone anywhere? I've hidden an object/shape/wooden numeral in this cloth bag. Pass it round and tell me what you think it is. How do you know? Sort and classify shapes using Venn and Carroll diagrams, e.g. identify all the 2-D shapes with a square corner or all the 3-D solids with a rectangular face 1b-1a

Yr 2

Must

Use everyday language to describe features of familiar 2D shapes.

Understanding shape Shape and space activities booklet Shape tools


Further examples of pitch and expectations: year 2 Information - Divide and rule1 - Divide and rule2 - teaching mental calculation strategies - teaching written strategies - exemplification of standards

Should

Use mathematical names for common 2D shapes, sort shapes and describe some of their features.

2 D shapes Feely bag Shape Songs e.g. Dave Godfrey Number Fun Geo boards Objects with different shaped faces Hoops for sorting Digital camera Mirrors Paper shapes Rulers Programmable robot ICT files Problem solving materials Line of symmetry Spot the shapes Making shapes Creating shapes Number lines Odd one out Jack and the beanstalk Coloured shape Triangles and pentagons Bucket and spade 6triangles

Understand, use and begin to read the vocabulary: shape, flat, straight, curved, round, corner, side, sort, circle, triangle, rectangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, How do you know that this shape is a square? What is special about it? Two of these shapes are not hexagons. Which are they? Here are five identical triangles.

Look at the symmetrical picture that I have given you. Draw a line of symmetry on it. Look at these two shapes. What is the same about them? What is different? Watch as I slowly reveal a shape from behind a wall'. What could it be? How do you know? What could it not be? Why? This shape is made from four identical squares touching edge to edge. Make different shapes from four identical squares touching edge to edge. Record and name each different shape that you make by counting sides. How many rectangles can you count in this diagram? What about this diagram? Sort shapes on a Carroll diagram, to extend their understanding of 'not'. For example, they sort shapes into red/not red and rectangles/not rectangles . Use these geostrips to show me what a right angle looks like Point out some right angles in the classroom. For those we can reach, how could we check? Which of these shapes has a right angle?

Use some or all of the triangles to make a bigger triangle.Is there another way to do it? Choose a shape to match the properties described by the teacher and name it: Find a shape that has five corners and five sides (pentagon) Has four straight equal sides (square) Refer to the properties of shapes such as the number of corners and sides. I have begun to make a symmetrical shape with these coloured blocks. Can you complete the shape? How can you check that it is symmetrical? Programme the robot to draw squares and rectangles Describe this shape/solid to a friend. Can they guess what it is? Sort these 2-D shapes. Put all the pentagons in this circle. Now choose another way to sort them. What do all the shapes that you have put in the circle have in common? Two of these shapes have no lines of symmetry. Which are they? This shape has been folded in half along the dotted line. Imagine opening it up. How many sides does the opened shape have? Draw the shape that you think will be made when the folded shape is opened up.

Identify lines of symmetry in simple shapes and recognise shapes with no lines of symmetry.

Could

2c-2b

Year Target

Group Target
Use mathematical names for common 2D shapes, sort shapes and describe some of their features. Identify lines of symmetry in simple shapes and recognise shapes with no lines of symmetry. Name and classify polygons, using criteria such as number of right angles, whether or not they are regular, symmetry properties.

Key Resources / Models and Images


2 D shapes Feely bag Geo boards Objects with different shaped faces Hoops for sorting Set square (to identify right angles) Rulers Digital camera Mirrors Paper shapes Logo/programmable robot ICT files Names and properties of 2D and 3D shapes Shape sort 3d shape facts Quadrilateral-triangle Venn diagram sorter Problem solving materials Create new shapes Sorting shapes Describing position Rows of coins Odds and evens Straw squares Circle sums Guess who?

Outcomes
Use, read and begin to write the vocabulary: shape, flat, straight, curved, vertex, vertices, side, edge, sort, semi-circle, triangle, rectangle, square, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, circular, right-angled In this drawing there are triangles, rectangles, squares and other quadrilaterals. Show me these shapes. Are there any pentagons? What about octagons? Know that a quadrilateral is any shape with four straight sides Refer to properties such as: reflective symmetry, the number of sides and vertices, whether sides are the same length, whether or not angles are right angles. Sketch the reflection of a simple 2-D shape in a mirror line along the edge, using a mirror to help, For example: Fold 2D shapes along lines of symmetry and create symmetrical shapes e.g. fold and cut paper to make squares, octagons and stars. Shade more squares so that this rectangle has one line of symmetry. Draw the reflection of this shape in the mirror line. Use a set-square and a ruler to draw a square with sides of 12 cm. How many right angles are there in this pentagon? How could you check? 2a-3c Find a quadrilateral that has two angles that are smaller than right angles and two that are bigger than right angles. Which shapes always have four right angles? Draw two lines to complete the square. Combine these three shapes to make a shape with at least one line of symmetry. Describe the shape you have made. How many different shapes can you make?

Yr. 3

Must

Understanding shape Shape and space activities booklet Shape tools


Further examples of pitch and expectations: year 3 Information - Divide and rule1 - Divide and rule2 - teaching mental calculation strategies - teaching written strategies - exemplification of standards

Should

Describe angles in 2-D shapes , identifying whether each angle is equal to, greater than or smaller than a right angle. Place a set of shapes in the correct place in this table.

Could

Select from a set of shapes a shape that has: no right angles; all sides equal;. One of the shapes does not belong in this set. Find the odd one out. Explain how you found it.

Yr. 4

Must

Identify lines of symmetry in simple shapes and recognise shapes with no lines of symmetry.

Understanding shape Shape and space activities booklet Shape tools


Further examples of pitch and expectations: year 4 Information - Divide and rule1 - Divide and rule2 - teaching mental calculation strategies - teaching written strategies - exemplification of standards

Should

Name and classify polygons, using criteria such as number of right angles, whether or not they are regular, symmetry properties.

Unit plans: Autumn unit 4 Autumn unit 6 Spring unit 4 Spring unit 6 Summer unit 5 Summer unit 6 2D-3D shapes Feely bag Geo boards Objects with different shaped faces Hoops for sorting Paper shapes Set square (to identify right angles /perpendicular lines) Rulers Digital camera Mirrors Logo/programmable robot ICT files Names and properties of 2D and 3D shapes Properties of 3D shapes
3D shape properties

name equilateral triangles, isosceles triangles and heptagons, know that polygons are closed flat shapes with straight sides. investigate problems such the maximum number of right angles in a triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, Refer to properties such as: reflective symmetry, the number of sides and vertices, whether sides are the same length, whether or not angles are right angles, e.g. Identify particular shapes from a mixed set. For example, which of these shapes are hexagons?

Use logo/programmable robot to draw shapes when given their properties. recognise symmetrical polygons, both regular and irregular, and cases where a polygon has no lines of symmetry, or one, two or more lines of symmetry; for example, they try to draw a hexagon with no lines of symmetry, one line of symmetry, two lines of symmetry, etc investigate a statement such as: 'The number of lines of symmetry in a regular polygon is equal to the number of sides of the polygon' by finding examples that match it. Classify 2-D shapes according to their lines of symmetry.

Use a set of regular and irregular polygons, and criteria written on cards, such as 'is a regular polygon', 'is an irregular polygon', 'has no lines of symmetry', 'has at least one line of symmetry', 'has no right angles', 'has one right angle', etc. Select a card, e.g. 'is an irregular polygon'. name equilateral, isosceles and right-angled triangles Know the angle and side properties of isosceles and equilateral triangles, and use them: for example, to make triangular patterns. Use these triangular tiles to make a symmetrical shape. Can you take one tile away and keep your shape symmetrical? Can you change one or more tiles so it is no longer symmetrical? This is half a symmetrical shape. Tell me how you would complete it. How did you use the line of symmetry to complete the shape? Construct different polygons by paper folding or on a pinboard, name new shapes and discuss properties such as lines of symmetry. Here are five shapes on a square grid. Which two shapes have a line of symmetry? 3c-3b Sketch the reflection of a simple shape in a mirror line parallel to one edge, where the edges of the shape or the lines of the pattern are parallel or perpendicular to the mirror line.

Could

Recognise parallel and perpendicular lines, and properties of rectangles and triangles.

Shape quiz 3d shape facts Carroll diagrams for sorting shapes Quadrilateral-triangle Venn diagram sorter Problem solving materials Reflecting shapes Rows of coins Odds and evens Straw squares Circle sums Tangram 3 by 3 grid Guess who?

Sort a set of polygons using this sorting diagram.

Yr. 5

Must

Classify polygons, using criteria such as number of right angles, whether or not they are regular, and symmetry properties. Recognise parallel and perpendicular lines, and properties of rectangles and triangles.

Understanding shape Shape and space activities booklet Shape tools


Further examples of pitch and expectations: year 5 Information - Divide and rule1 - Divide and rule2 - teaching mental calculation strategies - teaching written strategies - exemplification of standards

Should

Unit plans: autumn unit 8 Spring unit 5a Spring unit 5b Spring unit 7 Summer unit 8 Summer unit 9 2 D shapes Feely bag Geo boards Objects with different shaped faces Hoops (Venn diagrams) Paper shapes Set square (to identify right angles/perpendicular lines) Rulers Digital camera Mirrors

Use, read and write: two-dimensional, side, angles, centre, radius, diameter, congruent, circle, semicircle, triangle, equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, quadrilateral, rectangle, oblong, square, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, polygon Look at this shape (or a shape that is drawn on a square grid). Tell me whether each of these statements is true or false. The shape has exactly two right angles. The shape has two pairs of parallel lines. The shape has one line of symmetry. The shape is a quadrilateral. Here is part of a shape on a square grid. Draw two more lines to make a shape which has a line of symmetry. Use a ruler. Recognise properties of rectangles such as: All four angles are right angles; Opposite angles are equal and parallel; The diagonals bisect one another. Predict and test which other shapes have diagonals of equal length or diagonals that bisect each other Know how to check if two lines are parallel? perpendicular? Select two 'sorting' cards, such as: has exactly two equal sides and has exactly two parallel sides. Can you show me a polygon that fits both of these criteria? What do you look for? Know some of the properties of triangles: equilateral triangle: all three sides are equal in length and all three angles are equal in size; isosceles triangle: two equal sides and two equal angles; scalene triangle: no two sides or angles are equal; right-angled triangle: one of the angles is a right angle. Investigate the number of different shapes that can be made by placing four identical equilateral triangles edge to edge

Use a pinboard to make shapes. For example, make: different triangles on 3 3 pinboard; different squares on a 5 5 pinboard. Discuss properties such as which of these triangles are scalene, or which has the greatest area. Here is a regular octagon. Join three of the dots to make an isosceles triangle. Use a ruler. Join three dots to make a different isosceles triangle. Now join three dots to make a right-angled triangle. Join three dots to make a scalene triangle. This grid is made of hexagons. Draw the reflection of the shaded shape on the grid. Here is a shaded square on a grid. Shade in three more squares so that the design is symmetrical in both mirror lines. complete patterns with two lines of symmetry, using for example peg boards or a suitable computer program. solve problems involving symmetry such as: Place eight squares together (edge to edge) to make a shape with two lines of symmetry. How many different shapes can you make? investigate the line symmetry of regular polygons, Suggest a general statement based on their findings. identify shapes that have pairs of parallel or perpendicular sides or edges. Imagine cutting off a corner of the square in one straight cut. Draw the shape you cut off. Now draw the shape you have left. What are the names of your two shapes? 3a-4c

ICT files Shape quiz Carroll diagrams for sorting shapes Quadrilateral-triangle Venn diagram sorter Name, describe and classify quadrilaterals using criteria such as parallel sides, equal angles and equal sides.
Problem solving materials Virtual pinboard investigation How many triangles? Triangles; Symmetry Spot the shapes 2 Four by four All square; four triangles;Tangram; 3

Could

by 3 grid; Guess who?;

Yr. 6

Must

Recognise parallel and perpendicular lines, and properties of rectangles and triangles. Name, describe and classify quadrilaterals using criteria such as parallel sides, equal angles and equal sides.

Understanding shape Shape and space activities booklet Shape tools


Further examples of pitch and expectations: year 6 Information - Divide and rule1 - Divide and rule2 - teaching mental calculation strategies - teaching written strategies - exemplification of standards

Should

Could

Know and use side, angle and symmetry properties of equilateral, isosceles and right-angled triangles.

Unit plans: Autumn unit 8 Autumn unit 10 Spring unit 8 Summer unit 3 Summer unit 7 Summer unit 11 Springboard Lesson 11 Lesson 14 Lesson 17 Lesson 28 2 D shapes Feely bag Geoboards Objects with different shaped faces Hoops Paper shapes Set square (to identify right angles/ perpendicular lines) Rulers Digital camera Mirrors ICT files Rotations and coordinates Quadrilateral rummy Problem solving materials Chalk problem; Reasoning about shapes; Angles ;
Virtual pinboard investigation; How many triangles?; Triangles; Symmetry ; Spot the shapes 2; Four by four; Albert Square; All square;

Recognise, and know properties of: cube, cuboid (rectangular prism), sphere, cylinder, cone, pyramid, prism, triangular prism, hemi-sphere, tetrahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, polyhedron. Know that perpendicular lines are at right angles to each other and that parallel lines are the same distance apart. Name various triangles (isosceles, equilateral, scalene, right-angled) and quadrilaterals (square, oblong, parallelogram, rhombus, kite, trapezium). Sort quadrilaterals and triangles by given criteria e.g. has parallel sides, has equal sides etc. Know properties such as: A parallelogram has its opposite sides equal and parallel A rhombus is a parallelogram with four equal sides A trapezium has one pair of opposite sides parallel A kite has two pairs of adjacent sides equal A rectangle had four right angles and its opposite sides are equal. A square is a rectangle with equal sides. Identify a shape from a set of given properties. How would you check if two lines are parallel? Perpendicular? Which of these shapes has two pairs of parallel sides? Draw two straight lines from point A to divide the shaded shape into a square and two triangles. Draw the reflection of this shape. The shape below is rotated 90 clockwise about point A. Draw the shape in its new position on the grid. How many different shapes can be made by placing two identical equilateral triangles edge to edge? What about 3, 4, 5, identical equilateral triangles?

How many triangles can you see in this diagram? How can you make sure that you have counted them all? What is the same about a rhombus and a kite? What is different? Name a shape that has one pair of parallel sides, but no pairs of perpendicular sides. What do you notice about the opposite sides of this parallelogram? Is it true for all parallelograms? What about this trapezium? By moving just one point, can you change this shape into a kite? A rhombus? A nonisosceles trapezium?

Which quadrilaterals have diagonals that intersect at right angles? Give me instructions to get me to draw a rhombus using my ruler and a protractor. On the square paper, use a ruler to draw a pentagon that has three right angles. Use compasses to draw a circle. Use a ruler and protractor to draw a regular pentagon with its vertices on the circumference of the circle. Program an on-screen turtle to draw regular polygons or specific quadrilaterals Use a computer program to transform shapes. Predict and discuss the patterns made. Investigate the different polygons that can be made using tangram pieces. For example, reassemble the five tangram pieces to form hexagons. 4b-4a

Tangram; 3 by 3 grid; Equilateral triangles; Guess who?;

Yr. 6

Must

Recognise parallel and perpendicular lines, and properties of rectangles and triangles. Name, describe and classify quadrilaterals using criteria such as parallel sides, equal angles and equal sides.

Understanding shape Shape and space activities booklet Shape tools


Further examples of pitch and expectations: year 6 into year 7 Information - Divide and rule1 - Divide and rule2 - teaching mental calculation strategies - teaching written strategies - exemplification of standards

Should

Could

Know and use side, angle and symmetry properties of equilateral, isosceles and right-angled triangles.

Unit plans: Autumn unit 8 Autumn unit 10 Spring unit 8 Summer unit 3 Summer unit 7 Summer unit 11 Springboard Lesson 11 Lesson 14 Lesson 17 Lesson 28 2 D shapes Feely bag Geoboards Objects with different shaped faces Hoops Paper shapes Set square (to identify right angles/ perpendicular lines) Rulers Digital camera Mirrors ICT files Rotations and coordinates Quadrilateral rummy Problem solving materials Chalk problem; Reasoning about shapes; Angles ;
Virtual pinboard investigation; How many triangles?; Triangles; Symmetry ; Spot the shapes 2; Four by four; Albert Square; All square;

Know the labelling convention for: triangles capital letters for the vertices (going round in order, clockwise or anticlockwise) and corresponding lower-case letters for each opposite side, the triangle then being described as ABC; equal sides and parallel sides in diagrams.

Using a 3 by 3 array on a pinboard, identify the eight distincttriangles that can be constructed (eliminating reflections, rotations or translations). Classify the triangles according to their side, angle and symmetry properties. How many DIFFERENT quadrilaterals can be made by joining the dots on the circle?

What different shapes can you make by overlapping two squares? Imagine a square with its diagonals drawn in. Remove one of the triangles. What shape is left? How do you know? Imagine a rectangle with both diagonals drawn. Remove a triangle. What sort of triangle is it? Why? Imagine joining adjacent mid-points of the sides of a square. What shape is formed by the new lines? Explain why. Imagine a square with one of its corners cut off. What different shapes could you have left? Imagine an isosceles triangle. Fold along the line of symmetry. What angles can you see in the folded shape? Explain why. Imagine a square sheet of paper. Fold it in half and then in half again, to get another smaller square. Which vertex of the smaller square is the centre of the original square? Imagine a small triangle cut off this corner. Then imagine the paper opened out. What shape will the hole be? Explain your reasoning. Imagine what other shapes you can get by folding a square of paper in different ways and cutting off different shapes. Use Logo to write instructions to draw a parallelogram. Sarah draws a quadrilateral. It has these properties: 1. it has 2 long sides the same length; 2. it has 2 short sides the same length; 3. it does NOT have any right angles; 4. it does NOT have reflective symmetry. What is the mathematical name for Sarahs quadrilateral. An isosceles triangle has a perimeter of 12cm. One of its sides is 5cm. What could the length of each of the other two sides be? Give both answers. Here is a kite. Write the coordinates of point D

Tangram; 3 by 3 grid; Equilateral triangles 8pointquadrilateral overlapping squares

Here is a pentagon drawn on a coordinate grid. The pentagon is symmetrical. What are the coordinates of point C? 5c-5b

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