The Greenhouse Effect

December 15, 2008 by classge Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation. The causes of the recent warming are an active field of research. The scientific consensus is that the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases due to human activity caused most of the warming observed since the start of the industrial era, and the observed warming cannot be satisfactorily explained by natural causes alone. This attribution is clearest for the most recent 50 years, being the period most of the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations took place and for which the most complete measurements exist. The greenhouse effect was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. It is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases warm a planets lower atmosphere and surface. Existence of the greenhouse effect as such is not disputed. The question is instead how the strength of the greenhouse effect changes when human activity increases the atmospheric concentrations of particular greenhouse gases. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 C (59 F), without which Earth would be uninhabitable. On Earth the major greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 3670 percent of the greenhouse effect (not including clouds); carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes 926 percent; methane (CH4), which causes 49 percent; and ozone, which causes 37 percent.

The Digestive System

December 15, 2008 by classge The Digestive System Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to build up new cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into substance that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This process is called digestion. The first digestive process takes place in the mount. The food we eat is broken up into small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the mount. Saliva contains digestive juices which moisten the food. So, it can be swallowed easily. From the mount, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach. Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the intestine are squeezing, mixing, and moving the food onwards. In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi (microscopic b ranch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

Genre: Explanation Social function: To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena. Generic structure: 1. A general statement to position the reader 2. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs. 3. Closing

Social Function: To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or sociocultural phenomena. Generic Structure A general statement to position the reader A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs. Significant Lexicogrammatical Features Focus on generic, non-human Participants Use mainly of Material Processes and Relational Processes Use mainly of Temporal and causal Circumstances and Conjunctions