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MAKE A DESIGN OF AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF A
CERTAIN TOWN OR CITY OT YOUR OWN CHOICE.
I. DESIGN THE SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION
1. Show the distribution map of the following:
1.1 The location of the prospective customers.

1.2 The location of the distribution poles so that all prospective customer.
1.3 Tie service wire from the poles to the customer’s house.
1.4 The route of the secondary serving each group of customers.
1.5 The location of multiple street lights.
2. Determine the capacity and the location of the distribution of

transformers required to serve the different groups of customers
including the streetlights within the area. Indicate the location and
rating of the transformers.
3. Determine the size of the secondary wires to be used:
3.1 Conductors should have adequate current carrying capacity.

3.2 Voltage drop shall be between 3% and 5% of the secondary distribution
system voltage. Its voltage drop should be adequate up to the load of
each branch of the secondary line.
II. DESIGN THE PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
1. Determine the size of the primary distribution wire to be used.
1.1 Size should determine not only for adequate current carrying capacity but
also for the voltage drop. The voltage drop from the power plant to the
primary distribution line should not exceed 5% of the primary distribution
system voltage.
1.2 Apply AC drop factor for the method for the section f the primary lines similar
to the secondary line voltage drop calculations.
2. Show on the distribution map the route of the primary distribution

system the size of the primary wire used and whether primary lines
are single phase or three phase.
3. On a separate sheet, draw the schematic one line diagram of the

primary distribution system from the power house to all the
distribution transformer showing.
3.1 Number, sizes & length of wires
3.2 Indicate in which phase each distribution transformer is connected. Prepare a
load schedule of the system.
3.3 Show the isolating disconnecting switches whenever they are needed.
III. DESIGN THE TRANSFORMER VAULT OF THE INDUSTRIAL
CUSTOMER
Requiring an “INDOOR TYPE SUBSTATION” and whose service is to be

metered on the secondary side of the transformer bank consisting of three
single-phase transformers. This is located on one side of the transformer
with the following power requirements:
220 Volts Lighting Load …………………………………………. 75kW

Demand Factor for Lighting ………………………………………….
75%
220 Volts, Three Phase Motor Load ………………………………….
400kW
Demand Factor for Motor …………………………………………. 72%
Diversity Factor …………………………………………. 1.5
Average Power Factor ………………………………………….
85%
1. Determine the size of the following electrical equipments which may

be required:
1.1 Primary power cables and power conduit.
1.2 Primary distribution line type lighting arresters.
1.3 Primary porcelain fuse cut-outs or fuse disconnecting switches
1.4 Potential and current transformers for metering.
1.5 Single Phase, 60 cycle distribution transformer.
1.6 Secondary bus bars, etc.
2. Draw the electrical layout and schematic wiring diagram of the

transformer vault showing all electrical equipment properly labeled.
The construction of the transformer vault shall conform with all the
requirements of the Philippine Electrical Codes.
IV. DETERMINE THE SWITCHBOARD FOR THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
1. Draw the schematic single line diagram from the generator to the
feeder or feeders.
2. Draw the schematic three line diagram.
3. Draw the front view of the switchboard showing the necessary meters,
instruments, control and transfer switches, and other necessary
equipments.
4. Draw all types of poles, towers, insulators, and supports.
V. POLE DESIGN AND SAG CALCULATIONS

VI. FAULT CALCULATION
VII. SUBSTATION DESIGN
Form 1
RESIDENTIAL LOADS:
Maximum demand of each type of transformers at 85% P.F
Maximum
Maximum G.L.L. Demand Expected
& S.A.L. General Power Demand Per
Type of No.
(GLL+SAL)(0.72 Service No. of
Customer
) GPS(0.85) Customer (KVA)
3.5 0.72(1.5) x+y
0.85
A
2A
3A
4A
5A
B
2B
3B
4B
5B
C
2C
3C
4C
5C
D
2D
3D
4D
5D
E
2E
3E
4E
5E
F
2F
3F
4F
5F
Form 2
RESIDENTIAL LOADS:
Transformer No. _____.
No. & Type of Maximum

Pole Number KVA SPAN
Customers Demand
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
Total Maximum Demand of Transformer _______.

USE:
Selection of Transformer Location

Form 3
RESIDENTIAL LOAD:
For T –
Use _____ KVA, 34.5kV, 230V / 115V, grounded, 60 Hz distribution
transformer with 5% impedance.
% Loading = Total Maximum Demand of Transformer x 100%

KVA Rating of Transformer
= ___________ x 100%
= ___________%
1. I(Full Load) = KVA rating of transformer / (34.5kV)

= _____ / 34.5
= _____ Amperes.
2. The maximum setting of the over-current protection device in the primary
Im = 3 x IFL = 3 x _____
Im = ______ Amperes
3. The KVA short circuit in the primary
= KVA of the transformer / (% impedance)

= ________ / 0.05
= ______ KVA
4. The symmetrical short circuit in the primary.
I(s.c. sym) = KVA of Transformer

(% impedance x kV)
= _____ / (34.5 x 0.05)
= ______ Amperes
5. The symmetrical short circuit in the primary is:
I (s.c asym) = 1.6 x I sym = _____ Amperes
The rating of the transformer shall be _____ KVA, 34.5 kV, 230 V / 115 V,
60 Hz, single-phase distribution transformer with 5% impedance, the total
expected load is _____%, the rating of the fuse cut-out shall be ____ ampere
fuse link. The maximum setting is _____ amperes; the Lightning Arrester (L.A.)
shall be line type rated 27 kV
Form 4
KVA SPAN LEFT SIDE

To determine the size of wire of the secondary line, assume Vdrop = 5% of the operating
voltage for number of span for 1Ø, 2 wire system.
From pole ___ to __: Total load = 44.35 KVA

I = Load KVA / 230 = _____/230 = _____ Amperes
Distance = number of span x 100 = ______ x 100 = ____ ft.
Total Load KVA:
_____ span, 11 volts, assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table: 1
CM = 24 x d x I = 24 x x = __________ = ____________ CM
11 11 Use: _________ (from table 1)
Refer to Table: 1
Actual DC voltage drop, 50°C, 60 Hz, 8” spacing
R = _______/mile Xa = _______/mile Xsf = -0.049/mile
X = __________ = + (10.049) = _________
R R
Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x I)/ CM

= 24 x _____ x _____ / _____ = _____ volts
Actual Voltage Drop Factor @ 0.85 D.F. = _____
Voltage Regulation = (AVD x D.F. / 230) x 100% = (____ x ____ / 230) x 100% = ____ %
USE _____ CM. Hard Drawn Conductor
KVA SPAN RIGHT SIDE

To determine the size of wire of the secondary line, assume Vdrop = 5% of the operating voltage
for number of span for 1Ø, 2 wire system.
From pole ___ to __: Total load = ______ KVA

I = Load KVA / 230 = _____ / 230 = _____ Amperes
Distance = number of span x 100 = ______ x 100 = ____ ft.
Total Load KVA:
_____ Span, 11 volts, assume voltage drop at 5%
Refer to Table: 1
CM = 24 x d x I = 24 x x = __________ = ____________ CM
11 11 Use: _________ (from table 1)
Refer to Table: 1
Actual DC voltage drop, 50°C, 60 Hz, 8” spacing
R = _______/mile Xa = _______/mile Xsf = -0.049/mile
X = __________ = + (10.049) = _________
R R
Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x I)/ CM

= 24 x _____ x _____ / _____ = _____ volts
Actual Voltage Drop Factor @ 0.85 d.f. = _____
Voltage Regulation = (AVD x d.f. / 230) x 100% = (____ x ____ / 230) x 100% = ____ %
USE _____ CM. Hard Drawn Conductor
Form 5
PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, KILO-VOLT RATING PER MD OF

TRANSFORMER
Load Schedule of Feeder No. ____
Transformer No. Phase A Phase B Phase C Three - Phase

T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
T-
Total
Total Load
Form 6:
Primary Wire Computations
FEEDER No. _____ Load: __________ KVA

FROM Pole _________ to Pole __________ Total Length: ___________ ft
100 ft x ___ = ___ ft.

SPAN
DC Voltage Drop per No. of Span, assume 3% voltage drop
DC Voltage Drop = 3% x operating final voltage

= 0.03 x 34.5
= 1035 kV
Feeder Load Current = KVA load/ √3 kV = ___/ √3 x 34.5
= ____ Amp.
SIZE OF PRIMARY WIRES
CM = 24 x L x I x √3 / 2 = _____ CM
DC Voltage Drop
Use: _____, 50°C, 60 Hz, spacing
R per mile = ____Ω / mile; Xa per mile ___ Ω / mile; Xsf = 0.2523 Ω / mile
X = Xa + Xsf = ____________ = ____________

R R/mile ____
Actual DC Voltage Drop = 24 x Lx I x√3 / 2 = (24) ( )( ) √3 /2

CM _____
= _____________volts
From Table 2:
AC Voltage Drop Factor at 0.85 p.f. = _____
Actual AC Voltage Drop = AC Voltage Drop Factor x Actual DC Voltage Drop

= _____ x _____
= _____volts
% Voltage Regulation = Actual AC Voltage Drop / 34.5 x 100%

= ______/34.5 x 100% = _______%
Use: _____ CM HDC Conductor
F – 1 = _______ F – 3 = _____
F – 2 = _______ F – 4 = _____
S/S – 1 (F – 1 & F- 3 )
IF1 = _________ IF3 = ______

√3 (34.5kV) √3 (34.5kV)
= =
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER RATING:

Feeder - ____ Feeder - _____
Continous Rating: Continous Rating:
Interrupting Rating: Interrupting Rating:
Momentary Rating: Momentary Rating:
MAXIMUM DEMAND:
S/S -1 = _____ + _____ =

3.5 1.5
USE:
POWER TRANSFORMER AMPERAGE:
Ip = _________ Is = ________
√3 (230kV) √3 (34.5kV)
Ip = Is =
Oil Circuit Breaker Rating: Air Circuit Breaker Rating:

Continous Rating: Continous Rating:
Interrupting Rating: Interrupting Rating:
Momentary Rating: Momentary Rating:
ASSUME 3Ø SYMMETRICAL (ISC):
Use: ___ MVA, 230kV and 34.5kV as base volts on H.T. and L.T. respectively.
Zt ≈ Xt = 5% = j0.05 p.u.
Xs = _________ =
2000
IF3Ø = _E_ = 1.0 =

(pri) Xs
IF3Ø = ___E _ = 1.0 =

(sec) Xs + Xt
Form 7:
COMMERCIAL LOADS (ALSO FOR INDUSTRIAL LOADS)
TRANSFORMER NO. : _____ POLE NO. _____

LOAD/S : _____
MAXIMUM DEMAND : _____
TOTAL MAXIMUM DEMAND : _____
Assuming Transformer Bank
% Loading = Total Maximum Demand of Transformer Bank x 100

KVA Rating of Bank Transformer
= _____/ 3 (34.5) x 100
= _____%
1. IFL (Primary full current) = KVA Rating of Bank = _____

√3 x 34.5 kV √3 x 34.5 kV
2. The maximum setting of the over-current protective device in the primary.

I max = 3 x IFL = _____ Amperes
3. The KVA sc = KVA of the bank x 100% = ______ x 100

Z% 5
4. The symmetrical short circuit in primary (I sc asym)

I sc sym = KVA sc = __________ = _______ Amperes
√3 kV √3 x 34.5 kV
5. The asymmetrical short circuit in primary (I sc asym )

I sc asym = 1.6 x Isc sym
= 1.6 x _____
= __________ Amperes
The rating of the transformer shall be 3- _____ KVA, 34.5 kV, 230 V / 115 V, 60
Hz, 1Ø distribution transformer with 5% impedance, the total expected load is _____ %,
the rating of the fuse cut-out shall be _____ Amperes fuse link. The maximum setting of
load is _____ amperes, the L.A. shall be line type rated 27 kV.
TYPE A
AREA : 150 @ 24 VA/m2
Max Expected Load (GLL) = 150 x 24 = 3,600 VA
GENERAL LIGHTING LOAD:
10 – Fluorescent Tube Light 48” (40W) = 400 Watts

5 – Incandescent Lamp (50W) = 250 Watts
12 – Pin light (10W) = 120 Watts
4 – Spotlight (20W) = 800 Watts
2 – Chandelier (100W) = 200 Watts
3 – Circular Lamp (20W) = 60 Watts
TOTAL = 1,830
Watts
SMALL APPLIANCE LOAD:
1 – Shaver (20W) = 20 Watts

1 – Vacuum Cleaner (100W) = 100 Watts
1 – Sewing Machine (100W) = 100 Watts
2 – Computer (Desktop) (225W) = 450 Watts
1 – Computer (Laptop) (50W) = 50 Watts
1 – Printer (100W) = 100 Watts
2 – Colored Television 25” (150W) = 300 Watts
1 – CD Player (30W) = 30 Watts
1 – DVD/VCD Player = 150 Watts
3 – Cellular Telephone Charger (25W) = 75 Watts
2 – Ceiling Fan (25W) = 50 Watts
1 – Electric Fan (75W) = 75 Watts
1 – Flat Iron (500W) = 500 Watts
1 – Alarm Security System (3W) = 3 Watts
TOTAL = 2,003
Watts
GENERAL POWER SERVICE:

1 – Hair Dryer Tube (1250W) = 1250 Watts
1 – 1/6 Hp Refrigerator (124.33W) = 124.33Watts
3 – 1 hp Air Conditioning Unit (1840W) = 5520 Watts
1 – ¼ hp Washing Machine (186.5W) = 186.5 Watts
1 – ¼ hp Clothes Dryer (186.5W) = 186.5 Watts
3 – Small Freezer (300W = 900 Watts
TOTAL =
8,167.33 Watts
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD (TCL) = 12,000.33

Watts
TYPE B
AREA : 130 @ 24 VA/m2

TOTAL = 1,830
Watts

TOTAL = 1,853
Watts

1 – Small Freezer (300W = 300 Watts
TOTAL =
6,317.33 Watts

Watts
TYPE C
AREA: 110 @ 24 VA/m2

TOTAL = 1,840
Watts

1 – Electric Fan ( 75W) = 75 Watts
TOTAL = 1,683
Watts

2
– 1 hp Air Conditioning Unit (1840W) = 3,680 Watts
1
– ¼ hp Washing Machine (186.5W) = 186.5 Watts
1
– ¼ hp Clothes Dryer (186.5W) = 186.5 Watts
1
– Small Freezer (300W) = 300 Watts
TOTAL =
4,477.33 Watts

Watts
TYPE D
AREA: 90 @ 24 VA/m2

TOTAL = 1,630
Watts

TOTAL = 2233
Watts
1
– 1/6 Hp Refrigerator (124.33W) = 124.33Watts
1
– 1 hp Air Conditioning Unit (1840W) = 1840 Watts
1
– ¼ hp Washing Machine (186.5W) = 186.5 Watts
1
– ¼ hp Clothes Dryer (186.5W) = 186.5 Watts
1
– Small Freezer (300W) = 300 Watts
TOTAL =
2,637.33 Watts
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD (TCL) = 6,500.33 Watts

TYPE E
AREA: 70 @ 24 VA/m2

TOTAL = 1,630
Watts

2 – Electric Fan ( 75W) = 150 Watts
TOTAL = 1,160
Watts

TOTAL = 2,213
Watts
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD (TCL) = 5,003 Watts
TYPE F
AREA: 50 @ 24 VA/m2

TOTAL = 1,090
Watts

TOTAL = 575
Watts

1 – 1 hp Air Conditioning Unit (1840W) = 1,840 Watts
TOTAL =
2,337.33 Watts
TOTAL CONNECTED LOAD (TCL) = 4,002.33 Watts

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MAKE A DESIGN OF AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF A

CERTAIN TOWN OR CITY OT YOUR OWN CHOICE.

I. DESIGN THE SECONDARY DISTRIBUTION

1. Show the distribution map of the following:

1.1 The location of the prospective customers.

2. Determine the capacity and the location of the distribution of

3. Determine the size of the secondary wires to be used:

3.1 Conductors should have adequate current carrying capacity.

II. DESIGN THE PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

1. Determine the size of the primary distribution wire to be used.

2. Show on the distribution map the route of the primary distribution

3. On a separate sheet, draw the schematic one line diagram of the

Requiring an “INDOOR TYPE SUBSTATION” and whose service is to be

220 Volts Lighting Load …………………………………………. 75kW

1. Determine the size of the following electrical equipments which may

2. Draw the electrical layout and schematic wiring diagram of the

IV. DETERMINE THE SWITCHBOARD FOR THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

V. POLE DESIGN AND SAG CALCULATIONS

Maximum demand of each type of transformers at 85% P.F

Transformer No. _____.

No. & Type of Maximum

Total Maximum Demand of Transformer _______.

Selection of Transformer Location

% Loading = Total Maximum Demand of Transformer x 100%

1. I(Full Load) = KVA rating of transformer / (34.5kV)

2. The maximum setting of the over-current protection device in the primary

3. The KVA short circuit in the primary

= KVA of the transformer / (% impedance)

4. The symmetrical short circuit in the primary.

I(s.c. sym) = KVA of Transformer

5. The symmetrical short circuit in the primary is:

I (s.c asym) = 1.6 x I sym = _____ Amperes

KVA SPAN LEFT SIDE

From pole ___ to __: Total load = 44.35 KVA

Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x I)/ CM

KVA SPAN RIGHT SIDE

From pole ___ to __: Total load = ______ KVA

Actual DC Voltage Drop = (24 x d x I)/ CM

PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, KILO-VOLT RATING PER MD OF

Load Schedule of Feeder No. ____

Transformer No. Phase A Phase B Phase C Three - Phase

FEEDER No. _____ Load: __________ KVA

100 ft x ___ = ___ ft.

DC Voltage Drop per No. of Span, assume 3% voltage drop

DC Voltage Drop = 3% x operating final voltage

SIZE OF PRIMARY WIRES

Use: _____, 50°C, 60 Hz, spacing

X = Xa + Xsf = ____________ = ____________

Actual DC Voltage Drop = 24 x Lx I x√3 / 2 = (24) ( )( ) √3 /2

AC Voltage Drop Factor at 0.85 p.f. = _____

Actual AC Voltage Drop = AC Voltage Drop Factor x Actual DC Voltage Drop

% Voltage Regulation = Actual AC Voltage Drop / 34.5 x 100%

IF1 = _________ IF3 = ______

AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER RATING:

S/S -1 = _____ + _____ =

POWER TRANSFORMER AMPERAGE:

Oil Circuit Breaker Rating: Air Circuit Breaker Rating:

ASSUME 3Ø SYMMETRICAL (ISC):

IF3Ø = _E_ = 1.0 =

IF3Ø = ___E _ = 1.0 =

COMMERCIAL LOADS (ALSO FOR INDUSTRIAL LOADS)

TRANSFORMER NO. : _____ POLE NO. _____

Assuming Transformer Bank

From pole _ to : Total load = 44.35 KVA

From pole _ to : Total load = ______ KVA

FEEDER No. _ Load: ______ KVA

100 ft x _ = _ ft.

X = Xa + Xsf = =

IF1 = ___ IF3 =

S/S -1 = _ + _ =

TRANSFORMER NO. : _ POLE NO. _