Printing Copy of PPT-108 Master Drain Pipe Test Nov.06

Drainage Pipe Test
Prepared by : William KH Cheung

Aug. 2006
PPT-108
CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Speaker : William K.H>.Cheung
Site Test for Drainage System

HK-ASD

Macau Regulation

China Practice
Soil and Waste Pipe

China Practice
Rain Water Pipe
External Drainage

Singapore Regulation

Hotel
Podium
Keep records for all tests


Kitchen Raised Floor
Floor Drain
Basin / Sink
Bathtub / Shower

Urinal
Water Closet / Bidet

Air Test
Without Trap --100mm w.g. for 5 minutes
Maximum drop 25mm w.g.
With Trap -- 38mm w.g. for 15 minutes
No drop allowed
Random Check – Remove any plug after test

xx
xx
Air/smoke can be
injected at any part
of the pipework
to be tested
x
Water Gauge
xx
Low zone soil stack
Vent stack
CIPHE Plumbing Course

Typical
14 May, 2008
Guestroom Drainage Diagram
xx
xx
Remove any plug after test
Water Gauge
xx
Low zone soil stack
Vent stack
CIPHE Plumbing Course

Typical
14 May, 2008
Guestroom Drainage Diagram
Smoke test is not recommended due to :
• Harmful to human being

• Attack pipe surface
• contaminate the surrounding environment
Air test is acceptable but it is difficult to detect

the leaking point
Fog test is an alternative for air test

Fog Liquid
The fog used should be safe to

human being, the environment,
and the pipe material

Connect the fog machine and blower

at the low low point of the pipe to
maximize the volume of fog in the pipe
The fog continue to discharge at the

high point of the pipework. Turn the
valve to nearly close to keep the pipes
in positive pressure status.

Soap water
Spot soap test if necessary

Beware of leakage at the anti-syphonic trap

Possible Leakage

Anti-syphonic traps
End of Above Ground Soil / Waste Test

Pipe test for Rain Water System
Conventional Rain Water Pipe
Free water flow at roof rain water outlet for

Ten minutes, observe sign of leakage
Syphonic Rain Water System
Static water gravity test. Plug the pipe at the

lowest end and observe for at least 15 minutes,
Ensure expansion joints are provided at building

expansion joint locations

Gravity test of all pipework for 15 minutes

Different types of flow
Flow
Direction
Flow pattern 1 (Gravity flow) Flow pattern 2 (Plug flow)
Flow
Direction
Flow pattern 3 (Bubble flow) Flow pattern 4 (Full bore flow)
Pipe deformed due to negative pressure
Remark : Pipe for syphonic rain water system shall

be able to withstand a negative pressure of 9M (-ve)

Laying of
Underground Drainage Pipe

Check pipe alignment Vs drawings

Material shall be well kept and protected
Check pipe material quality, brand names and markings

Check the pipe body, socket, rubber ring

Ductile Iron pipe rubber

gasket tyton joint

Concrete pipe socket joint


1. Ensure pipe and fitting delivered on site or as Installed

are same approved
2. Pipe shall have marking to show brand name, diameter

and standard reference.

Manhole/pit location marking

Before trenching

Incorrect way of laying the drain
Check jointing, support and bedding

Check pipe alignment

Keep Record of all tests
Pipe no., location, date,
Time, result.

Check manhole size,

and joints at wall

Lousy pipe connection
Check step irons level

and position

60 deg.

Pipe plug

1.5M
Scan udgr section
Remove this plug after test

Gravity water test

Gravity water test

Air Test

Concrete surrounding
Blind concrete layer

Before back filling
Follow Pipe Bedding Detail as per Approved Drawings
For Information Only

Unacceptable Installation

Poor Practice
nt
e alignme
sur
ring to en
ed st
Tens
Loose concrete and wooden

board are found for temporary
pipe support

Poor Practice
Poor ground
condition and
ground collapse
and debris Pipe mis-aligned
fallen into
trench
Open pipe
end without
proper cap
off

Poor Practice
Debris and
Ground water
collapse and accumulated
debris fallen in trench
into trench

Unacceptable Installation
• No trenching
• No waling
• No lean concrete
• No bedding
• Working platform stand on the pipe
• Pipe not laid in straight alignment

If it is suspected that the longitudinal alignment is not done

properly, the following tests can be used to verify the defect :
• Ball flow test
• Colour water test
• Mirror test

Mirror Test
Scan udgr section

Ball Flow Test
Scan udgr section

Colour Water Test
Fill colour water here
Scan udgr section
Water will be trapped here

If not laid in good gradient

End of PPT


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Drainage Pipe Test

Prepared by : William KH Cheung

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Site Test for Drainage System

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Soil and Waste Pipe

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Keep records for all tests

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Kitchen Raised Floor

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Water Closet / Bidet

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Random Check – Remove any plug after test

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course

CIPHE Plumbing Course

Smoke test is not recommended due to :

• Harmful to human being

Air test is acceptable but it is difficult to detect

Fog test is an alternative for air test

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

The fog used should be safe to

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Connect the fog machine and blower

The fog continue to discharge at the

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Spot soap test if necessary

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Beware of leakage at the anti-syphonic trap

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

End of Above Ground Soil / Waste Test

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Conventional Rain Water Pipe

Free water flow at roof rain water outlet for

Syphonic Rain Water System

Static water gravity test. Plug the pipe at the

Ensure expansion joints are provided at building

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Gravity test of all pipework for 15 minutes

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Flow pattern 1 (Gravity flow) Flow pattern 2 (Plug flow)

Flow pattern 3 (Bubble flow) Flow pattern 4 (Full bore flow)

Pipe deformed due to negative pressure

Remark : Pipe for syphonic rain water system shall

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Underground Drainage Pipe

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Material shall be well kept and protected

Check pipe material quality, brand names and markings

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

Ductile Iron pipe rubber

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008

CIPHE Plumbing Course 14 May, 2008