INDO-PAK RELATIONS

INDO-PAK RELATIONS 1.INTRODUCTION * Importance of relation for both * History * Current Position 2. DIVERGENCES * Accession of States * Wars of 1961 and 1971 * kargil War * Afghanistan Crisis * Mumbai Attacks * Water Issue * Kashmir Issue and other Territorial Issues * 13th July Mumbai Bombing 3. CONVERGENCES * Composite Dialouge * Trade * Earthquake of 2008 4. Critical Analysis Bitter Relations Through The History 5. Wayfarward Talks and Diplomacy and NO to war 6. Conclusion

Time line 1947 August 14: Pakistan gains independence from the British Empire August 15: India gains independence from the British Empire October: Tribesmen from the NWFP province in Pakistan invade Kashmir 1948 Pakistan Army is summoned to protect Pakistans borders. Fighting continues between Pakistan troops and Indian armed forces. 1949 January 1: UN Ceasefire in Kashmir 1954 Jammu and Kashmir's accession to India is ratified by the state's constituent assembly

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1962-1963 Following the 1962 Sino-Indian war, India and Pakistan held talks under the auspices of Britain and the US in an attempt to resolve their differences over Kashmir, but without success 1965 April: Clash between border patrols erupted into fighting in the Rann of Kutch. Pakistan claims victory after India withdraws. August: Pakistan launched a covert offensive across the ceasefire line into the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. In early September, India retaliated by crossing the international border at Lahore. After three weeks, both India and Pakistan agreed to a UN-sponsored ceasefire. 1966 January: Tashkent Declaration is signed between India and Pakistan 1971 December: India invades East Pakistan to lend support to the people of the region. Pakistan surrenders in war, Bangladesh is formed. 1972 July: Simla Accord is signed between India and Pakistan 1974 Kashmir state government reached an accord with the Indian Government, which affirmed its status as "a constituent unit of the union of India". Pakistan rejected the accord. May 18: India detonates first nuclear device. 1988 December 31: Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack Against Nuclear Installations and Facilities signed in Islamabad. 1989 Armed resistance to Indian rule began in the Kashmir valley. 1991 April 6: Agreement on Advance Notification on Military Exercises, Maneuvers and Troop Movements signed in New Delhi. Agreement on Prevention of Airspace Violations and for Permitting Overflights and Landings by Military Aircraft signed in New Delhi. 1992 January 1: India and Pakistan exchange lists of their nuclear installations and facilities under the 1988 agreement on Prohibition of Attack Against Nuclear Installations and Facilities. August 19, 1992: Joint Declaration on the Complete Prohibition of Chemical Weapons concluded in New

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Delhi. 1993 January 1, 1993 1999: Even during a low point in relations, both countries exchange lists of their nuclear installations and facilities on the first of every year. 1996 Pakistani and Indian military officers met on the Line of Control dividing the state of Jammu and Kashmir to ease tension after clashes. 1998 May 11: India conducts tests of two nuclear devices. May 13: India conducts tests of three nuclear devices. May 28: Pakistan conducts six underground nuclear tests. May 30: Pakistan conducts one underground nuclear test. 1999 February 20: Bus service between New Delhi and Lahore initiated by Prime Minister Atul Vajpayee. February: Memorandum of understanding reached during Indian Prime Minister Atul Vajpayee's historic visit to Pakistan. 2001 December 13: Terrorists attack Indian Parliament building, 14 people are killed in the attack. India blames Jaish-e-Mohammad and Lashkar-e-Taiba for the attack, says they were backed by elements from Pakistani government. December 20: India moves troops to Kashmir and LoC in Indian Punjab. Pakistan also deploys troops on LoC in response to Indian military deployment. 2002 January: India deploys 500,000 troops and three armored divisions on LoC, Pakistan deploys 120,000 troops. January 12: President Musharraf says Pakistan will combat extremism on its own soil, however Pakistan has a right to Kashmir. 2003 May 26: India announces resumption of Delhi-Lahore bus service and release of 70 Pakistani fishermen and 60 civilian prisoners. September 25: Musharraf calls for a ceasefire along the Line of Control (LoC) at the UN General Assembly in New York.

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INDO-PAK RELATIONS
November 25: India and Pakistan implement a formal ceasefire along the International Border and the Actual Ground Position Line in Jammu and Kashmir at midnight. 2004 January 1: Air links between the two countries resume. January 1: Both countries exchange the list of their nuclear installations and facilities. January 4-6: Vajpayee and Musharraf hold direct talks on January 5 at the 12th SAARC summit in Islamabad. [Joint Statement] January 15: Passenger and freight rail service resumes between Attari and Lahore. February 17-18: Pakistani and Indian Foreign Secretaries meet in Murree, Pakistan for May-June preparatory talks. February 20: First flag meeting between Indian and Pakistani army units in three years takes place in Chorbat La sector in India. February, 2004: India and Pakistan agree on a five-point agenda to initiate dialogue process. March 10-April 18: Indian cricket team travels to Pakistan for a historic cricket series, the first at a nonneutral site since 1989. June 15-16: Meeting of narcotics officials in Islamabad where both parties agree to share information and adopt a coordinated strategy to prevent drug trafficking and smuggling between the two countries. June 20-21: Foreign Ministers of both countries meet at the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) meeting in China where they reaffirm their intention to open both countries consulates in Karachi and Bombay. June 26-27: Meeting of Foreign Secretaries in New Delhi when they discuss dialogue on Peace and Security and Jammu and Kashmir. June 29-July 2: Foreign Ministers of both countries meet at the ASEAN Regional forum in Jakarta where Pakistan is formally accepted as a member of the ARF after India drops its objections. July 20-21: Foreign Ministers of both countries meet at the SAARC Council of Ministers meeting in Islamabad. August 9: Both countries carry out an exchange of six prisoners of war at the Wagah border post. August 11-12: Meeting of commerce secretaries in Islamabad to discuss dialogue on economic and commercial cooperation. Both sides agree to promote bilateral trade ties and enhance cooperation in various sectors. August 31: India and Pakistan exchange 55 prisoners along the Wagah border crossing. September 8: Meeting of Foreign Ministers in Delhi where the two sides agree on thirteen points, and indicating willingness for a 'road map for peace process. September 19: India announces it will ease visa rules for visiting Pakistani journalists, doctors and academics. September 24: President Musharraf and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh meet for talks in New

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York on the occasion of the United Nations General Assembly. October 4-11: Pakistani journalists visit Jammu and Kashmir. October 11-14: Biannual meeting between Indian Border Security Forces and Pakistani Rangers in Chandigarh at which there is an agreement on nine areas. They also agree that local commanders meet more frequently to resolve local problems. November 9: Twenty-five Pakistani prisoners handed over by India at the Wagah border crossing. November 16: On the eve of a visit to Jammu and Kashmir, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh announces to reduce the deployment of troops. November 21: Over 4,000 Indian Sikh pilgrims arrive for a visit to religious sites in Pakistan. November 23: Pakistan Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz travels to India for the first time as Chairperson of SARRC. December 14-15: Indian and Pakistani delegations hold expert level talks on Nuclear CBMs in Islamabad. Expert level talks on Conventional CBMs held on December 15th. 2005 January 1: Both countries exchange lists of nuclear installations and facilities. January 6: Pakistan releases 266 Indian fishermen arrested in 2004. February 16-17: Indian Foreign Minister Natwar Singh visits Islamabad. October 3: Signing of an agreement on advance notification of ballistic missile tests. 2006 January 1: India and Pakistan exchange lists of their respective nuclear installations and facilities. February 7: India redeploys 5000 troops from Jammu and Kashmir citing "improvement" in situation. May 3: India and Pakistan reach an agreement to revive trade in Kashmir. May 24: India and Pakistan fail to reach an agreement to withdraw troops from the Siachen Glacier. September 16: President Musharraf and Prime Minister Singh agree to "put in place an India-Pakistan antiterrorism institutional mechanism to indentify and implement counter-terrorism initiatives and investigations." 2007 18 February: Samjhauta Express, the train service between India and Pakistan is bombed near Panipat, north of New Delhi. 68 people were killed in the fire and dozens injured. October 19: Pakistan and India hold the Fifth Round of talks to review nuclear and missile related CBMs as part of the Composite Dialogue process. The second round of the Joint Anti-Terrorism Mechanism (JATM) was held the following week. 2008

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April 24: India joins a signed a framework agreement with Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan on a $7.6 billion gas pipeline project. The line will be 1,680-km Turkemenistan -Afghanistan- Pakistan -India (TAPI), supply 3.2 billion cubic feet per day (90 MMSCMD) and gas flows are expected from 2015. Pakistan and India have agreed to share equally in the gas volume. May 21: The Foreign Ministers of India and Pakistan agree to a series of Kashmir-specific CBMs, including a triple-entry permit to facilitate crossing the Line of Control. The two ministers also agree to provide consular access to prisoners in each others' countries. September 25: Pakistani President Zardari and Indian Prime Minister Singh formally announced the opening of several trade routes between the two countries. The Wagah-Atari road link and the KhokraparMunnabao rail link will both be opened to trade, as will the cross-LoC Srinagar-Muzaffarabad and PoonchRawalakot roads. October 9: A delegation of business leaders from Pakistan-administered Kashmir visits the Indiancontrolled side to discussed cross-LoC trade. October 21: Trade across the Line of Control commences as the first trucks cross the line that divides Kashmir. Trade is limited to 21 items, and can take place on two days each week. November 26: Armed gunmen open fire on civilians in Mumbai, India, in a series of coordinated gun-andbomb attacks that kills over 150 people. The fallout for Pakistan-Indian diplomacy is dire as the terrorists are found to be of Pakistani origin and their handlers are thought to be based in Pakistan. December 27: In the aftermath of the Mumbai attacks by Islamic extremists that result in over 180 fatalities, the Indian and Pakistani Directors General of Military Operations make unscheduled use of their hotline to discuss troop movements along their border. One likely topic of discussion was Indian troop rotations to exercise areas near the Pakistan border and small-scale counter-deployments by Pakistani troops. 2009 January 1: For the 18th consecutive year, India and Pakistan exchange lists of their respective nuclear facilities. The two countries also exchanged lists of Pakistanis held in Indian prisons and Indians held in Pakistani prisons. July 16: The Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan, meeting on the sidelines of a summit of the NonAligned Movement in Egypt, issue a joint statement "charting the way forward in India - Pakistan relations." 2010 January 1: India and Pakistan exchange lists of their respective nuclear facilities. January 14: Pakistan files a petition at the International Court of Arbitration to stall the Indias Kishenganga power project February 25: Indias and Pakistans foreign secretaries meet in New Delhi for talks. June 6: Pakistan and Indian reach agreement on the Baglihar Dam issue May 3: Ajmal Kasab, lone survivor of 26/11 group of attackers, is found guilty of murder, conspiracy, and of waging war against India by court in Mumbai.

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INDO-PAK RELATIONS

May 6: Ajmal Kasab is awarded the death sentence for his involvement in 26/11 attacks. July 15: Indian External Affairs Minister S. M. Krishna meets Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi in Islamabad. 2011 January 16: Indian Home Secretary G. K. Pillai says that the Samjhota Express blast investigation is being conducted without any prejudice and the information gathered from the probe will be shared with Islamabad. February 6: Pakistani and Indian foreign secretaries meet at Thimpu on the sidelines of the SAARC conference and agree on the need for resuming a constructive Indo-Pak dialogue that addresses all outstanding issues. March 28-29: Pakistani and Indian Home/Interior Secretaries meet in New Delhi and discuss the importance for both sides to have continued engagement on outstanding issues. It is decided to set up a hotline between the Interior and Home Ministries in Islamabad and New Delhi so that real time information can be shared on security threats. March 29: Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani and Pakistani parliamentarians visit Mohali on the invitation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to watch the ICC World Cup semi-final between India and Pakistan. The event comes to symbolize the 'Mohali spirit' of Indo-Pak dialogue and cooperation. April 22: Fourth meeting of India Pakistan Judicial Committee on Prisoners April 28: Pakistani and Indian Commerce Secretaries meet in Islamabad for a fifth round of talks and discuss economic CBMs. May 13: Indian and Pakistani delegations meet in Islamabad for talks on the Wullar Barrage/Tulbul Navigation Project. Both sides present their positions on the issue and agree to hold technical consultations as mandated by the Indus Water Treaty. May 20-21: Indian and Pakistani delegations meet in Rawalpindi to discuss Sir Creek and work out the international maritime boundary. Both sides present their positions on the issue and exchange non-papers that contain viable solutions to resolve Sir Creek. It is also decided to hold a meeting at a later date with the issue close to being resolved. May 31: Pakistani and Indian Defence Secretaries meet in New Delhi to resolve the Siachen issue and discuss strategies for conflict reduction. June 3: An Indo-Pak Joint Working Group on visa procedures is held in Islamabad as a follow up to the Interior/Home Secretaries' meeting in March. The Working Group reviews visa procedures and drafts a Bilateral Visa Agreement. June 23-24: Indian and Pakistani Foreign Secretaries meet in Islamabad to discuss nuclear CBMs, terrorism, Jammu and Kashmir, promotion of friendly exchanges and to finalize the Visa Agreement. July 9-11: The fifth conference of the Association of SAARC Speakers and Parliamentarians is held in New Delhi. July 13: Three terrorist attacks take place in different parts of Mumbai killing 21 and injuring 141. Bombs rip through Zaveri Bazar and the Opera House in the south and Kabutarkhana in central Mumbai, while the rest of the city remains on red alert. No groups claims responsibility for the bombings.

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