GROUP 1

CHANIE DELA CERNA

ULYSSES FRANCIS TIU
REAH JASPE
AEIZA ADARNE
RALPH REY PEPANIA

LECTURE 1-FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS PSYCHOLOGY

WHAT IS BUSINESS PSYCHOLOGY?

Definitions:

1. Business Psychology: The application of organized knowledge about what human behavior to
improve individual and organizational effectiveness in work settings. This is very relevant to the
individual who wants to succeed on the job.
2. Psychology: The systematic study of behavior and all the factors that influence behaviors. It is also
defined as the study of the soul.

FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY

1. Psychiatry: A medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of emotional problems and
mental illnesses. A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating emotional problems. They
can do talk therapy and can also prescribe medications and admit persons to hospitals where needed.
2. Psychoanalysis: A type of long term psychotherapy in which patients are encouraged to explore early
memories and their unconscious. The specifics of the analyst’s interventions typically include
confronting and clarifying the patient’s pathological defenses, wishes and guilt.
3. Clinical Psychologists: They are specialists in the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of
psychological problems and mental illness. They are located in private practice, hospitals, universities,
general medical practices, community health centers and mental health services.
4. Psychotherapists: It is a generic name for someone who provides psychological therapy. It does not by
itself describe a particular health professional or a particular approach therapy.
5. School psychology: School psychologists work in school to assist students with learning and/or
emotional problems. They are knowledgeable about effective instruction and effective schools. Our
guidance counselors are the ones who belong in this field.
6. Developmental Psychology: Developmental psychology, also known as human development, is the
scientific study of progressive psychological changes that occur in human beings as they age. Originally
concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence and more recently,
adult development, aging, and the entire life span.
7. Child Psychology: Child Psychologists concentrate their efforts on the study person from birth through
age 11.
8. Experimental Psychology: Experimental Psychologists are the most scientific of all psychologists.
Their laboratories often rivals of those of biological scientists. They are usually employed by universities
and research laboratories.
9. Ergonomics (or Human Engineering): The scientific discipline concerned with designing according to
the human needs, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in
order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.
10. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: It concerns the application of psychological theories,
research methods, and intervention strategies to task-oriented groups in both workplace and non-
workplace settings. Organizational psychology is commonly associated with interactions between
workgroup members, leadership, management, and other aspects of task-oriented group mentality and
behavior.
11. Business Psychology: Is the study of the effectiveness of interpersonal relations in the workplace.
Some business psychologists set up training workshops to improve executives' management skills. They
also evaluate prospective job applicants and evaluate individuals being considered for promotion. They
employ the full range of psychological…

NEW FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY

 Health Psychology - is concerned with understanding how biology, behavior, and social context
influence health and illness. Health psychologists work alongside other medical professionals in clinical settings,
teach in universities, and conduct research.

Understanding behavioral and contextual factors

Health psychologists conduct research to identify behaviors and experiences that promote health, give rise to
illness, and influence the effectiveness of health care.

SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY – Sport psychology is the study of a people’s behavior in sport. It is also a specialization
within the brain psychology and kinesiology that seeks to understand psychological/mental factors that affect
performance in sports, physical activity and exercise and apply these to enhance individual and team
performance.

SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT IN PSYCHOLOGY

When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate
over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began.

STRUCTURALISM AND FUNCTIONALISM

Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the
most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method
known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, was an advocate of the
structuralism position and is often considered the founder of structuralism.

Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William
James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a
more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists
focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences,
which had a profound impact on education.

Behaviorism
also called the learning perspective, is a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things
which organisms do — including acting, thinking and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors. The
school of psychology maintains that behaviors as such can be described scientifically without recourse either to
internal physiological events or to hypothetical constructs such as the mind.

Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud. It is the method of investigating mental process, treating
some disorders of the mind caused by such disorders, which is a result of rejection by the conscious mind.
Human personality: consists of 3 major forces interacting with each other:
1. Id which is dominated by a man’s unconscious instinct
2. Ego is the conscious instinct, which is pressured by the reality forces of the environment,
3. Superego where in the moral dictates of one’s upbringing
Cognitive Psychology attempts to explain the behavior of human beings in terms
of their intellectual, rational selves.
Humanistic Psychology gives emphasis to the dignity and worth people along with their positive but
intangible or “soft” attributes.

HUMAN RELATIONS MOVEMENT

Human Relations Movement: A concentrated effort by managers and their advisors to become more
sensitive to the needs of employees or to treat them in a more humanistic manner.

Human Relations: The art and practice of using systematic knowledge about human behavior to achieve
organizational and/or personal objectives.

The Hawthorne Studies

Hawthorne Effect: The tendency of people to act or behave differently when they receive attention because they
respond to the expectations of the situation. One best example is the behaviors of the housemates in the reality
show Pinoy Big Brother where they are surrounded by cameras that results a very big impact on their
personalities inside the house.
Common Sense: Common sense is sound practical judgment that is independent of specialized knowledge,
training, or the like. It is a natural wisdom based on formal knowledge.