Scientific Paper

Gesmundo, Aimee D.P.

I-27

Prof. Teddy Manansala

I. Introduction:

We all know that compounds are classified as acids, bases and salts. This three
classification of compound has its own identity to recognize easily. The acids are
known for having sour taste. Citrus fruits such as lemons have a sour taste due to the
citric acid found in them; vinegar is a solution of approximately 5% acetic acid; sour
milk contains lactic acid, which gives it its sour taste. Ability to turn blue litmus paper
red and neutralizes bases. Bases are known for having bitter taste and slick feeling. A
dilute solution of sodium hydroxide, for example, has a soapy slick feeling on the
skin. Strong bases will also dissolve hair, and for this reason sodium hydroxide and
potassium hydroxide are often found in drain openers. It turns red litmus paper blue
and neutralizes acids.
This scientific paper will give bits of information about acids, bases and salts.

II. Materials:

Alugbati tops
Rubbing Alcohol
Knife
Bowl
Wooden ladle
Bond paper
Extract of Alugbati
Flat plate
Scissors
Small jar with cover
Saucer
Three medicines dropper
Three bottles with a wide mouth
Toothpaste
Shampoo
Egg white
Tap water
Distilled water
Mineral water
 III. Procedures:

Chopping of Transfer it in a Pouring the In a bowl, Place it in a

alugbati tops. coco bowl with juice in a dip a piece of flat plate and
drops of alcohol. clean diaper Bond paper. let it dry.
cloth.
Put two drops of Put two drops Put two drops of
salt solution in of apog in vinegar in one Cut it in
another strip. another strip. strip. three strips.

Lay it each strip in a saucer

and observe changes.

IV. Data:

Results:

VINEGAR ACID LIGHTER

APOG BASE DARKER
SALT SOL’N SALT NONE
TOOTHPASTE ACID WHITE
SHAMPOO BASE WHITE
EGG WHITE BASE
TAP WATER NONE
DISTILLED NONE
WATER
MINERAL NONE
WATER

The alugbati paper that has the drops of vinegar became

lighter or light green in color. With apog, it became darker. With salt solution, it seems
nothing changed.
Discussion:

According to Arrhenius,August (1859-1927), a Swedish

physicist and chemist that an acid as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when
dissolved in water and a base as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) when
dissolved in water. According to Bronsted,Johannes and Lowry,Thomas that an acid is
any substance that can donate a proton (H+ion) to another substance; a base is any
substance that can accept a proton (H+ ) from another substance. In other words acids
is a proton donor, and the base is a proton acceptor. With these information I could
say that the alugbati paper with drops of vinegar (example of acid) became lighter in
color because acid is a proton donor that adds or gives some substance so that the
color will change but just light and the alugbati paper with drops of apog (example of
base) became darker in color because the base is a proton acceptor. So, it just accepts
a certain substance and forms a darker color. While the salt solution changed nothing
because salt was from the sea which is a body of water.

This is also the result of the experiment that I’ve done at

home. I used toothpaste for acid, shampoo for the base and tap water.

V. Conclusion:

The compound (acid, base and salt) that drops into a specific
paper like alugbati paper changed its original color except in salt. This is the reaction
with the indicators, which only means that a certain organic dye, called, gives different
colors depending on whether they are in an acidic or basic medium. And salt is also a
form in which came from the sea so there’s no change.

VI. References:

Brescia,Frank, Chemistry: A Modern Introduction.

W.B. Saunders Company 1978 p.413
Brown,Theore L.,Chemistry, the Central Science.
New Jersey.
Matta,Michael S., General, Organic and Biological Chemistry.
The Benjamin/Cunnings Publishing Company, Inc. 1986 p.249
Ouellette,Robert J., Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry.
Prentice Hall Inc, 1997 p.255-260
Redmore,Fred H., Fundamentals of Chemistry.
Reliable Publishing House Inc. p.327-329